1
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Klann PJ, Wang X, Elfert A, Zhang W, Köhler C, Güttsches AK, Jacobsen F, Weyen U, Roos A, Ehrke-Schulz E, Ehrhardt A, Vorgerd M, Bayer W. Seroprevalence of Binding and Neutralizing Antibodies against 39 Human Adenovirus Types in Patients with Neuromuscular Disorders. Viruses 2022; 15:79. [PMID: 36680119 PMCID: PMC9866721 DOI: 10.3390/v15010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
High pre-existing antibodies against viral vectors reduce their functionality and may lead to adverse complications. To circumvent this problem in future gene therapy approaches, we tested the seroprevalence of a large range of human adenovirus types in patients with neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) to find appropriate viral vector candidates for gene replacement therapy for NMDs. Binding and neutralizing antibodies against 39 human adenovirus types were tested in the sera of 133 patients with NMDs and 76 healthy controls aged 17-92 years. The influence of age, sex, and NMDs on antibody levels was analyzed. The seroprevalence of different adenoviruses in the cohort varied widely. The highest levels of binding antibodies were detected against HAdV-D27, -C1, -D24, -D70, -B14, -C6, -D13, -B34, and -E4, whereas the lowest reactivity was detected against HAdV-F41, -A31, -B11, -D75, -D8, -D65, -D26, -D80, and -D17. The highest neutralizing reactivity was observed against HAdV-B3, -C2, -E4, -C1, -G52, -C5, and -F41, whereas the lowest neutralizing reactivity was observed against HAdV-D74, -B34, -D73, -B37, -D48, -D13, -D75, -D8, -B35, and -B16. We detected no influence of sex and only minor differences between different age groups. Importantly, there were no significant differences between healthy controls and patients with NMDs. Our data show that patients with NMDs have very similar levels of binding and neutralizing antibodies against HAdV compared to healthy individuals, and we identified HAdV-A31, -B16, -B34, -B35, -D8, -D37, -D48, -D73, -D74, -D75, and -D80 as promising candidates for future vector development due to their low binding and neutralizing antibody prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Julian Klann
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
- Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Anna Elfert
- Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Medical Education and Research, Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Cornelia Köhler
- Clinics for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Sankt Josef, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Anne-Katrin Güttsches
- Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Ute Weyen
- Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas Roos
- Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Eric Ehrke-Schulz
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Medical Education and Research, Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Anja Ehrhardt
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Medical Education and Research, Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Matthias Vorgerd
- Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Wibke Bayer
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
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2
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Zhong C, Jiang W, Wang Y, Sun J, Wu X, Zhuang Y, Xiao X. Repeated systemic dosing of AAV vectors in immunocompetent mice after blockade of T-cell costimulatory pathways. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 33:290-300. [PMID: 34486389 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2021.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) strongly limit adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector transduction and repeated administration. Previous studies have shown that NAbs induced by AAVs are associated with T and B cell activation and that the B7/CD28 and CD40/CD40L costimulation signaling pathways are involved. CTLA4 and CD40 are vital molecules that participate in the costimulatory pathway. In this study, we evaluated CTLA4-Ig and CD40-Ig immunosuppressive efficacies through AAV and investigated their effects on the feasibility for multiple systemic administrations of AAV vectors. The results showed that a single administration of AAV vector carrying either CTLA4-Ig alone or with CD40-Ig could greatly reduce the level of NAbs. An AAV serotype-specific immune tolerance could be successfully established, which enabled repeated, i.e., second and third, systemic administration of AAV vectors in the same mice. A combination of CTLA4-Ig and CD40-Ig delivered via AAV vectors significantly inhibited T and B cell activations without affecting immune response to the total immunoglobulin G (IgG) production and cytokines. Interestingly, exogenous gene expression significantly improved after multiple administrations of AAV vector in vivo. Our study generates a reliable and effective method for repeated dosing of AAV vectors that is needed on gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhong
- East China University of Science and Technology, 47860, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, shanghai, China;
| | - Wei Jiang
- East China University of Science and Technology, 47860, Shanghai, Shanghai, China;
| | - Yefan Wang
- East China University of Science and Technology, 47860, Shanghai, Shanghai, China;
| | - Junjiang Sun
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2331, Gene Therapy Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States.,University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Eshelman School of Pharmacy, 15521, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States;
| | - Xia Wu
- East China University of Science and Technology, 47860, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, Shanghai, China;
| | - Yingping Zhuang
- East China University of Science and Technology, 47860, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Shanghai, Shanghai, China;
| | - Xiao Xiao
- East China University of Science and Technology, 47860, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, Shanghai, China;
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3
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Ricobaraza A, Gonzalez-Aparicio M, Mora-Jimenez L, Lumbreras S, Hernandez-Alcoceba R. High-Capacity Adenoviral Vectors: Expanding the Scope of Gene Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3643. [PMID: 32455640 PMCID: PMC7279171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The adaptation of adenoviruses as gene delivery tools has resulted in the development of high-capacity adenoviral vectors (HC-AdVs), also known, helper-dependent or "gutless". Compared with earlier generations (E1/E3-deleted vectors), HC-AdVs retain relevant features such as genetic stability, remarkable efficacy of in vivo transduction, and production at high titers. More importantly, the lack of viral coding sequences in the genomes of HC-AdVs extends the cloning capacity up to 37 Kb, and allows long-term episomal persistence of transgenes in non-dividing cells. These properties open a wide repertoire of therapeutic opportunities in the fields of gene supplementation and gene correction, which have been explored at the preclinical level over the past two decades. During this time, production methods have been optimized to obtain the yield, purity, and reliability required for clinical implementation. Better understanding of inflammatory responses and the implementation of methods to control them have increased the safety of these vectors. We will review the most significant achievements that are turning an interesting research tool into a sound vector platform, which could contribute to overcome current limitations in the gene therapy field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ruben Hernandez-Alcoceba
- Gene Therapy Program. University of Navarra-CIMA. Navarra Institute of Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.R.); (M.G.-A.); (L.M.-J.); (S.L.)
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4
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Zhang W, Muck-Hausl M, Wang J, Sun C, Gebbing M, Miskey C, Ivics Z, Izsvak Z, Ehrhardt A. Integration profile and safety of an adenovirus hybrid-vector utilizing hyperactive sleeping beauty transposase for somatic integration. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75344. [PMID: 24124483 PMCID: PMC3790794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently developed adenovirus/transposase hybrid-vectors utilizing the previously described hyperactive Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposase HSB5 for somatic integration and we could show stabilized transgene expression in mice and a canine model for hemophilia B. However, the safety profile of these hybrid-vectors with respect to vector dose and genotoxicity remains to be investigated. Herein, we evaluated this hybrid-vector system in C57Bl/6 mice with escalating vector dose settings. We found that in all mice which received the hyperactive SB transposase, transgene expression levels were stabilized in a dose-dependent manner and that the highest vector dose was accompanied by fatalities in mice. To analyze potential genotoxic side-effects due to somatic integration into host chromosomes, we performed a genome-wide integration site analysis using linker-mediated PCR (LM-PCR) and linear amplification-mediated PCR (LAM-PCR). Analysis of genomic DNA samples obtained from HSB5 treated female and male mice revealed a total of 1327 unique transposition events. Overall the chromosomal distribution pattern was close-to-random and we observed a random integration profile with respect to integration into gene and non-gene areas. Notably, when using the LM-PCR protocol, 27 extra-chromosomal integration events were identified, most likely caused by transposon excision and subsequent transposition into the delivered adenoviral vector genome. In total, this study provides a careful evaluation of the safety profile of adenovirus/Sleeping Beauty transposase hybrid-vectors. The obtained information will be useful when designing future preclinical studies utilizing hybrid-vectors in small and large animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Zhang
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Department of Virology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, China
| | - Martin Muck-Hausl
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Department of Virology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jichang Wang
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chuanbo Sun
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Csaba Miskey
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Division of Medical Biotechnology, Langen, Germany
| | - Zoltan Ivics
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Division of Medical Biotechnology, Langen, Germany
| | | | - Anja Ehrhardt
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Department of Virology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research, Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, University Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
- * E-mail:
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5
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Kron MW, Engler T, Schmidt E, Schirmbeck R, Kochanek S, Kreppel F. High-capacity adenoviral vectors circumvent the limitations of ΔE1 and ΔE1/ΔE3 adenovirus vectors to induce multispecific transgene product-directed CD8 T-cell responses. J Gene Med 2013; 13:648-57. [PMID: 22095925 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to induce cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses that are multispecific is considered to comprise an essential feature for an efficacious genetic vaccine against many pathogens including HIV and hepatitis C virus. ΔE1Ad vectors are promising vectored vaccines but have been shown to induce antigen-specific CTLs with only limited multispecificity. In the present study, we investigated the applicability of gene-deleted high-capacity adenovirus (HC-Ad) vectors and focused on the induction of multispecific CTL responses. METHODS We generated Δ E1 and HC-Ad vectors expressing hepatitis B virus small surface antigen (HBsAg). We comparatively analyzed the CTL profiles against various transgene product- and vector-derived epitopes in several mouse strains and HBsAg- and vector-directed antibody responses. RESULTS HC-Ad vectors efficiently induced multispecific HBsAg-directed CTLs. By contrast, ΔE1Ad vectors mainly primed CTLs against one immunodominant epitope of HBsAg. This absence of multispecific CTL responses correlated with the induction of CTLs against viral epitopes generated by de novo expression of Ad genes from the ΔE1Ad vector. However, Ad-specific CTLs induced in trans did not impair HC-AdS-induced multispecific CTL responses against HBsAg. Finally, HC-Ad vectors also induced higher HBsAg antibody titers compared to ΔE1Ad vectors. CONCLUSIONS De novo expression of viral genes from ΔE1Ad vector genomes restricts the multispecificity of transgene product-specific CTLs by immunodominance effects. HC-Ad vectors devoid of Ad genes are favorable for the induction of both multispecific CD8 T-cell responses and high antibody responses. Our results suggest the deletion of Ad genes as an important means for developing potent Ad-based vectored vaccines.
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6
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Eghtesad S, Jhunjhunwala S, Little SR, Clemens PR. Effect of rapamycin on immunity induced by vector-mediated dystrophin expression in mdx skeletal muscle. Sci Rep 2012; 2:399. [PMID: 22570764 PMCID: PMC3347316 DOI: 10.1038/srep00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. Therapeutic gene replacement of a dystrophin cDNA into dystrophic muscle can provide functional dystrophin protein to the tissue. However, vector-mediated gene transfer is limited by anti-vector and anti-transgene host immunity that causes rejection of the therapeutic protein. We hypothesized that rapamycin (RAPA) would diminish immunity due to vector-delivered recombinant dystrophin in the adult mdx mouse model for DMD. To test this hypothesis, we injected limb muscle of mdx mice with RAPA-containing, poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) microparticles prior to dystrophin gene transfer and analyzed treated tissue after 6 weeks. RAPA decreased host immunity against vector-mediated dystrophin protein, as demonstrated by decreased cellular infiltrates and decreased anti-dystrophin antibody production. The interpretation of the effect of RAPA on recombinant dystrophin expression was complex because of an effect of PLGA microparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Eghtesad
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Siddharth Jhunjhunwala
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital Boston and David H. Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Steven R. Little
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
| | - Paula R. Clemens
- Neurology Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15240
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
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7
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Distinct strategies are required to suppress antigen-specific responses to genetically modified keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Mol Ther 2011; 20:196-203. [PMID: 21988876 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2011.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratinocytes and fibroblasts are potential targets of gene/cell therapy for genodermatoses. Immune elimination of genetically modified cells, however, presents a major impediment to effective therapy. Using ex vivo approaches to gene transfer, we have previously shown that expression of an antigen by either cell type in skin induces immune rejection of transplanted cells, although the nature of immune responses induced by these two cell types are distinct. In this study, we explore the efficacy of local immunosuppressive strategies to divert destructive immune responses from genetically modified fibroblast and keratinocytes. Expression of CTLA4Ig and, to a lesser extent, PDL1, by antigenic fibroblasts protected them from immune rejection resulting in long-term graft survival (>18 weeks). Similar treatment was not effective for antigenic keratinocytes. Long-term protection of transgenic keratinocytes was achieved through transient blockade of CD40/CD154 interactions during the first 2 weeks of cell transplantation. Although neither of these strategies induced antigen-specific tolerance, they were sufficient to prevent rejection of genetically modified cells. These results indicate that different strategies are required to protect antigenic cell types even within the same tissue. Moreover, induction of antigen-specific tolerance is not a necessary requirement for long-term survival of genetically modified skin cells.
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8
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Huang X, Yang Y. Targeting co-stimulatory pathways in gene therapy. Front Microbiol 2011; 2:202. [PMID: 22046171 PMCID: PMC3202222 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2011.00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy with recombinant viral vectors such as adenovirus and adenovirus-associated virus holds great promise in treating a wide range of diseases because of the high efficiency with which the viruses transfer their genomes into host cells in vivo. However, the activation of the host immune responses remains a major hurdle to successful gene therapy. Studies in the past two decades have elucidated the important role co-stimulation plays in the activation of both T and B cells. This review summarizes our current understanding of T cell co-stimulatory pathways, and strategies targeting these co-stimulatory pathways in gene therapy applications as well as potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopei Huang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC, USA
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9
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Goyenvalle A, Seto JT, Davies KE, Chamberlain J. Therapeutic approaches to muscular dystrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 20:R69-78. [PMID: 21436158 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies are a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders characterized by muscle weakness and wasting. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common and severe form of muscular dystrophy, and although the molecular mechanisms of the disease have been extensively investigated since the discovery of the gene in 1986, there is currently no effective treatment. However, new gene-based therapies have recently emerged with particular noted advances in using conventional gene replacement strategies, RNA-based technology and pharmacological approaches. While the proof of principle has been demonstrated in animal models, several clinical trials have recently been undertaken to investigate the feasibility of these strategies in patients. In particular, antisense-mediated exon skipping has shown encouraging results and holds promise for the treatment of dystrophic muscle. Here, we summarize the recent progress in therapeutic approaches to muscular dystrophies, with an emphasis on gene therapy and exon skipping for DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Goyenvalle
- MRC Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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10
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Eghtesad S, Zheng H, Nakai H, Epperly MW, Clemens PR. Effects of irradiating adult mdx mice before full-length dystrophin cDNA transfer on host anti-dystrophin immunity. Gene Ther 2011; 17:1181-90. [PMID: 20827278 PMCID: PMC3050623 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2010.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Eghtesad
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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11
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Abstract
Helper-dependent adenoviral vectors are devoid of all viral coding sequences, possess a large cloning capacity, and can efficiently transduce a wide variety of cell types from various species independent of the cell cycle to mediate long-term transgene expression without chronic toxicity. These non-integrating vectors hold tremendous potential for a variety of gene transfer and gene therapy applications. Here, we review the production technologies, applications, obstacles to clinical translation and their potential resolutions, and the future challenges and unanswered questions regarding this promising gene transfer technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Rosewell
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030 USA
| | - Francesco Vetrini
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030 USA
| | - Philip Ng
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030 USA
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12
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Vetrini F, Ng P. Gene therapy with helper-dependent adenoviral vectors: current advances and future perspectives. Viruses 2010; 2:1886-1917. [PMID: 21994713 PMCID: PMC3186006 DOI: 10.3390/v2091886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Revised: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant Adenoviral vectors represent one of the best gene transfer platforms due to their ability to efficiently transduce a wide range of quiescent and proliferating cell types from various tissues and species. The activation of an adaptive immune response against the transduced cells is one of the major drawbacks of first generation Adenovirus vectors and has been overcome by the latest generation of recombinant Adenovirus, the Helper-Dependent Adenoviral (HDAd) vectors. HDAds have innovative features including the complete absence of viral coding sequences and the ability to mediate high level transgene expression with negligible chronic toxicity. This review summarizes the many aspects of HDAd biology and structure with a major focus on in vivo gene therapy application and with an emphasis on the unsolved issues that these vectors still presents toward clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip Ng
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; Tel.: +1 7137984158; E-Mail:
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13
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Abstract
Undesired immunological responses to products of therapeutic gene replacement have been obstacles to successful gene therapy. Understanding such responses of the host immune system to achieve immunological tolerance to a transferred gene product is therefore crucial. In this article, we review relevant studies of immunological responses to gene replacement therapy, the role of immunological tolerance mediated by regulatory T cells in down-regulating the unwanted immune responses, and the interrelationship of the two topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Eghtesad
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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14
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Immune barriers to successful gene therapy. Trends Mol Med 2009; 15:32-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2008.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2008] [Revised: 11/04/2008] [Accepted: 11/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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15
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Progress and prospects: gene therapy for genetic diseases with helper-dependent adenoviral vectors. Gene Ther 2008; 15:553-60. [PMID: 18288209 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2008.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical studies in small and large animal models using helper-dependent adenoviral vectors (HDAds) have generated promising results for the treatment of genetic diseases. However, clinical translation is complicated by the dose-dependent, capsid-mediated acute toxic response following systemic vector injection. With the advancements in vectorology, a better understanding of vector-mediated toxicity, and improved delivery methods, HDAds may emerge as an important vector for gene therapy of genetic diseases and this report highlights recent progress and prospects in this field.
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16
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Odom GL, Gregorevic P, Chamberlain JS. Viral-mediated gene therapy for the muscular dystrophies: successes, limitations and recent advances. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2007; 1772:243-62. [PMID: 17064882 PMCID: PMC1894910 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2006.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2006] [Revised: 09/16/2006] [Accepted: 09/20/2006] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Much progress has been made over the past decade elucidating the molecular basis for a variety of muscular dystrophies (MDs). Accordingly, there are examples of mouse models of MD whose disease progression has been halted in large part with the use of viral vector technology. Even so, we must acknowledge significant limitations of present vector systems that must be overcome prior to successful treatment of humans with such approaches. This review will present a variety of viral-mediated therapeutic strategies aimed at counteracting the muscle-wasting symptoms associated with muscular dystrophy. We include viral vector systems used for muscle gene transfer, with a particular emphasis on adeno-associated virus. Findings of several encouraging studies focusing on repair of the mutant dystrophin gene are also included. Lastly, we present a discussion of muscle compensatory therapeutics being considered that include pathways involved in the up-regulation of utrophin, promotion of cellular adhesion, enhancement of muscle mass, and antagonism of the inflammatory response. Considering the complexity of the muscular dystrophies, it appears likely that a multilayered approach tailored to a patient sub-group may be warranted in order to effectively contest the progression of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy L. Odom
- Department of Neurology Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195-7720, USA
| | - Paul Gregorevic
- Department of Neurology Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195-7720, USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Chamberlain
- Department of Neurology Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195-7720, USA
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17
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Denti MA, Rosa A, D'Antona G, Sthandier O, De Angelis FG, Nicoletti C, Allocca M, Pansarasa O, Parente V, Musarò A, Auricchio A, Bottinelli R, Bozzoni I. Chimeric adeno-associated virus/antisense U1 small nuclear RNA effectively rescues dystrophin synthesis and muscle function by local treatment of mdx mice. Hum Gene Ther 2006; 17:565-74. [PMID: 16716113 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2006.17.565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a X-linked myopathy in which deletions and point mutations in the dystrophin gene abolish dystrophin expression. The defect can often be corrected at the posttranscriptional level by exon skipping. In an animal model of DMD, the mdx mouse, a point mutation in exon 23 of the dystrophin gene introduces a premature stop codon. Skipping of this exon reestablishes the open reading frame in the dystrophin mRNA. We have obtained persistent exon skipping in mdx mice by local muscle injection of AAV vectors expressing antisense sequences fused to either U1 or U7 small nuclear RNA (snRNA). In the transduced muscles, dystrophin expression, amelioration of muscle morphology, and significant force recovery were obtained. These data indicate that the expression of antisense snRNAs, combined with their efficient muscular delivery through AAV vectors, is a powerful strategy for the therapeutic treatment of DMD. Like U7 snRNA, spliceosomal U1 snRNA is also a suitable backbone for the expression of antisense molecules active in exon skipping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Alessandra Denti
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute Pasteur Cenci-Bolognetti, and IBPM, University La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Denti MA, Rosa A, D'Antona G, Sthandier O, Angelis FGD, Nicoletti C, Allocca M, Pansarasa O, Parente V, Musaro A, Auricchio A, Bottinelli R, Bozzoni I. Chimeric Adeno-Associated Virus/Antisense U1 Small Nuclear RNA Effectively Rescues Dystrophin Synthesis and Muscle Function by Local Treatment of mdx Mice. Hum Gene Ther 2006. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2006.17.ft-200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Denti MA, Rosa A, D’Antona G, Sthandier O, De Angelis FG, Nicoletti C, Allocca M, Pansarasa O, Parente V, Musarò A, Auricchio A, Bottinelli R, Bozzoni I. Body-wide gene therapy of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in the mdx mouse model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:3758-63. [PMID: 16501048 PMCID: PMC1450150 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0508917103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an X-linked muscle disease characterized by mutations in the dystrophin gene. Many of these can be corrected at the posttranscriptional level by skipping the mutated exon. We have obtained persistent exon skipping in mdx mice by tail vein injection with an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector expressing antisense sequences as part of the stable cellular U1 small nuclear RNA. Systemic delivery of the AAV construct resulted in effective body-wide colonization, significant recovery of the functional properties in vivo, and lower creatine kinase serum levels, suggesting an overall decrease in muscle wasting. The transduced muscles rescued dystrophin expression and displayed a significant recovery of function toward the normal values at single muscle fiber level. This approach provides solid bases for a systemic use of AAV-mediated antisense-U1 small nuclear RNA expression for the therapeutic treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Alessandra Denti
- *Institute Pasteur Cenci-Bolognetti, Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology and Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, University “La Sapienza,” P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rosa
- *Institute Pasteur Cenci-Bolognetti, Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology and Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, University “La Sapienza,” P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D’Antona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Human Physiology Unit, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Olga Sthandier
- *Institute Pasteur Cenci-Bolognetti, Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology and Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, University “La Sapienza,” P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fernanda Gabriella De Angelis
- *Institute Pasteur Cenci-Bolognetti, Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology and Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, University “La Sapienza,” P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Nicoletti
- Department of Histology and Medical Embryology, Centro di Eccellenza di Biologia e Medicina Molecolare and Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” Via A. Scarpa 14, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariacarmela Allocca
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; and
| | - Orietta Pansarasa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Human Physiology Unit, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Valeria Parente
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Human Physiology Unit, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Musarò
- Department of Histology and Medical Embryology, Centro di Eccellenza di Biologia e Medicina Molecolare and Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” Via A. Scarpa 14, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Auricchio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; and
| | - Roberto Bottinelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Human Physiology Unit, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Irene Bozzoni
- *Institute Pasteur Cenci-Bolognetti, Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology and Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, University “La Sapienza,” P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Sirsi SR, Williams JH, Lutz GJ. Poly(ethylene imine)-poly(ethylene glycol) copolymers facilitate efficient delivery of antisense oligonucleotides to nuclei of mature muscle cells of mdx mice. Hum Gene Ther 2006; 16:1307-17. [PMID: 16259564 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2005.16.1307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotides (AO) can facilitate dystrophin expression via targeted exon skipping in cultured cells of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients and in the mouse model of DMD (mdx mice). However, the lack of effective means to deliver AO to myonuclei remains the foremost limitation to their usefulness in DMD gene therapy. In this study we show that copolymers of cationic poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) facilitated efficient cellular uptake and nuclear delivery of AO in mature skeletal muscle fibers isolated from mdx mice. Confocal analysis of dual fluorescently tagged PEG-PEI-AO polyplexes, 24 hr after transfection, showed that the copolymer and AO were colocalized within punctate membrane- associated structures. Importantly, AO was efficiently translocated into myonuclei, whereas the copolymer was mostly excluded. The morphology of all transfected myofibers was perfectly maintained with no indication of damage or cytotoxicity. Quantitative fluorescence analysis showed that transfection with PEG-PEI-AO resulted in a 6-fold higher uptake of AO into myonuclei compared with transfections of AO alone. Interestingly, transfections with rhodamine-labeled PEG-PEI copolymers yielded an approximately 2- fold higher uptake of AO into myonuclei compared with transfections of unlabeled copolymers. Attempts to further increase AO delivery by addition of insulin-transferrin-selenium (ITS) to the medium showed no further improvement in AO delivery. Dose-response analysis indicated saturation of endocytotic uptake of the polyplex. Overall, we conclude that PEG-PEI copolymers represent high-capacity, nontoxic carriers for efficient delivery of AO to nuclei of mature myofibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank R Sirsi
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
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Chakkalakal JV, Thompson J, Parks RJ, Jasmin BJ. Molecular, cellular, and pharmacological therapies for Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophies. FASEB J 2005; 19:880-91. [PMID: 15923398 DOI: 10.1096/fj.04-1956rev] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Although the molecular defect causing Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD) was identified nearly 20 years ago, the development of effective therapeutic strategies has nonetheless remained a daunting challenge. Over the years, a variety of different approaches have been explored in an effort to compensate for the lack of the DMD gene product called dystrophin. This review not only presents some of the most promising molecular, cellular, and pharmacological strategies but also highlights some issues that need to be addressed before considering their implementation. Specifically, we describe current strategies being developed to exogenously deliver healthy copies of the dystrophin gene to dystrophic muscles. We present the findings of several studies that have focused on repairing the mutant dystrophin gene using various approaches. We include a discussion of cell-based therapies that capitalize on the use of myoblast or stem cell transfer. Finally, we summarize the results of several studies that may eventually lead to the development of appropriate drug-based therapies. In this context, we review our current knowledge of the mechanisms regulating expression of utrophin, the autosomal homologue of dystrophin. Given the complexity associated with the dystrophic phenotype, it appears likely that a combinatorial approach involving different therapeutic strategies will be necessary for the appropriate management and eventual treatment of this devastating neuromuscular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe V Chakkalakal
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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