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Garshad J, Salarvand A, Tavakoli M, Mansourian M. Potential of [99mTc] Tc-IONPs in SPECT: a systematic review on efficiency and accumulation rates. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2024; 333:2231-2250. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-024-09480-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 10/14/2024]
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2
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Rahimian A, Etehadtavakol M, Moslehi M, Ng EYK. Comparing Different Algorithms for the Pseudo-Coloring of Myocardial Perfusion Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Images. J Imaging 2022; 8:jimaging8120331. [PMID: 36547496 PMCID: PMC9783251 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging8120331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images can significantly help physicians in diagnosing patients with coronary artery or suspected coronary artery diseases. However, these images are grayscale with qualities that are not readily visible. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different pseudo-coloring algorithms of myocardial perfusion SPECT images. Data were collected using a Siemens Symbia T2 dual-head SPECT/computed tomography (CT) scanner. After pseudo-coloring, the images were assessed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The qualities of different pseudo-color images were examined by three experts, while the images were evaluated quantitatively by obtaining indices such as mean squared error (MSE), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), normalized color difference (NCD), and structure similarity index metric (SSIM). The qualitative evaluation demonstrated that the warm color map (WCM), followed by the jet color map, outperformed the remaining algorithms in terms of revealing the non-visible qualities of the images. Furthermore, the quantitative evaluation results demonstrated that the WCM had the highest PSNR and SSIM but the lowest MSE. Overall, the WCM could outperform the other color maps both qualitatively and quantitatively. The novelty of this study includes comparing different pseudo-coloring methods to improve the quality of myocardial perfusion SPECT images and utilizing our collected datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdurrahim Rahimian
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81745-33871, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Etehadtavakol
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81745-33871, Iran
| | - Masoud Moslehi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81745-33871, Iran
| | - Eddie Y. K. Ng
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Correspondence:
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Hsu SY, Yeh LR, Chen TB, Du WC, Huang YH, Twan WH, Lin MC, Hsu YH, Wu YC, Chen HY. Classification of the Multiple Stages of Parkinson's Disease by a Deep Convolution Neural Network Based on 99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT Images. Molecules 2020; 25:E4792. [PMID: 33086589 PMCID: PMC7587595 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) has been employed to detect Parkinson's disease (PD). However, analysis of the SPECT PD images was mostly based on the region of interest (ROI) approach. Due to limited size of the ROI, especially in the multi-stage classification of PD, this study utilizes deep learning methods to establish a multiple stages classification model of PD. In the retrospective study, the 99mTc-TRODAT-1 was used for brain SPECT imaging. A total of 202 cases were collected, and five slices were selected for analysis from each subject. The total number of images was thus 1010. According to the Hoehn and Yahr Scale standards, all the cases were divided into healthy, early, middle, late four stages, and HYS I~V six stages. Deep learning is compared with five convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The input images included grayscale and pseudo color of two types. The training and validation sets were 70% and 30%. The accuracy, recall, precision, F-score, and Kappa values were used to evaluate the models' performance. The best accuracy of the models based on grayscale and color images in four and six stages were 0.83 (AlexNet), 0.85 (VGG), 0.78 (DenseNet) and 0.78 (DenseNet).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yen Hsu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Science, I-Shou University, No. 8, Yida Road., Jiao-su Village Yan-chao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan; (S.-Y.H.); (L.-R.Y.); (T.-B.C.); (Y.-H.H.)
| | - Li-Ren Yeh
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Science, I-Shou University, No. 8, Yida Road., Jiao-su Village Yan-chao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan; (S.-Y.H.); (L.-R.Y.); (T.-B.C.); (Y.-H.H.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, E-DA Cancer Hospital, I-Shou University, No.1, Yida Road, Jiao-su Village, Yan-chao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Been Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Science, I-Shou University, No. 8, Yida Road., Jiao-su Village Yan-chao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan; (S.-Y.H.); (L.-R.Y.); (T.-B.C.); (Y.-H.H.)
| | - Wei-Chang Du
- Department of Information Engineering, I-Shou University, No.1, Sec. 1, Syuecheng Road., Dashu District, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan;
| | - Yung-Hui Huang
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Science, I-Shou University, No. 8, Yida Road., Jiao-su Village Yan-chao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan; (S.-Y.H.); (L.-R.Y.); (T.-B.C.); (Y.-H.H.)
| | - Wen-Hung Twan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Taitung University, No.369, Sec. 2, University Road, Taitung 95092, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Chia Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, No.1, Yida Rd, Jiao-su Village, Yan-chao District, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (Y.-H.H.)
| | - Yun-Hsuan Hsu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, No.1, Yida Rd, Jiao-su Village, Yan-chao District, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (Y.-H.H.)
| | - Yi-Chen Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Science, I-Shou University, No. 8, Yida Road., Jiao-su Village Yan-chao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan; (S.-Y.H.); (L.-R.Y.); (T.-B.C.); (Y.-H.H.)
- Department of Information Engineering, I-Shou University, No.1, Sec. 1, Syuecheng Road., Dashu District, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, No.1, Yida Rd, Jiao-su Village, Yan-chao District, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (Y.-H.H.)
| | - Huei-Yung Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, No.1, Yida Rd, Jiao-su Village, Yan-chao District, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (Y.-H.H.)
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Cui J, Dean D, Hornicek FJ, Chen Z, Duan Z. The role of extracelluar matrix in osteosarcoma progression and metastasis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:178. [PMID: 32887645 PMCID: PMC7650219 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01685-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone malignancy and responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality due to its high rates of pulmonary metastasis. Although neoadjuvant chemotherapy has improved 5-year survival rates for patients with localized OS from 20% to over 65%, outcomes for those with metastasis remain dismal. In addition, therapeutic regimens have not significantly improved patient outcomes over the past four decades, and metastases remains a primary cause of death and obstacle in curative therapy. These limitations in care have given rise to numerous works focused on mechanisms and novel targets of OS pathogenesis, including tumor niche factors. OS is notable for its hallmark production of rich extracellular matrix (ECM) of osteoid that goes beyond simple physiological growth support. The aberrant signaling and structural components of the ECM are rich promoters of OS development, and very recent works have shown the specific pathogenic phenotypes induced by these macromolecules. Here we summarize the current developments outlining how the ECM contributes to OS progression and metastasis with supporting mechanisms. We also illustrate the potential of tumorigenic ECM elements as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the evolving clinical management of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncheng Cui
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, 69 Chuanshan Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Dylan Dean
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, 69 Chuanshan Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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Xu H, Huang Z, Li Y, Zhang Q, Hao L, Niu X. Perioperative rh-endostatin with chemotherapy improves the survival of conventional osteosarcoma patients: a prospective non-randomized controlled study. Cancer Biol Med 2019; 16:166-172. [PMID: 31119057 PMCID: PMC6528451 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2018.0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Anti-angiogenic drugs are an emerging treatment option against malignant tumors. The aim of this study was to determine whether the addition of perioperative rh-endostatin to chemotherapy could improve the probability of distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients newly diagnosed with non-metastatic conventional osteosarcoma. Methods This was a controlled non-randomized clinical study that included 388 patients without clinically detectable metastatic disease enrolled from January 2008 to April 2012. The control treatment group had 272 patients; 180 were male and 92, female, with a median age of 17 years. The treatment group had 58 patients; 36 were male and 22, female, with a median age of 16 years. The control group received preoperative chemotherapy followed by surgery and postoperative chemotherapy. The treatment group received 4 cycles of rh-endostatin perioperatively in addition to chemotherapy as per the control group. Patients were followed up from 6-101 months with a median follow-up period of 50.2 months. Results The 5-year DMFS of the control group (61%) was significantly lower than that of the rh-endostatin group (79%) (P = 0.013). The 5-year OS of the control group (74%) was significantly lower than that of the rh-endostatin treatment group (87%) (P = 0.029). No difference in adverse drug reactions was found between these 2 groups.
Conclusions The addition of perioperative rh-endostatin to chemotherapy could significantly improve the DMFS and OS of patients with non-metastatic osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology Surgery, Beijing Ji Shui Tan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology Surgery, Beijing Ji Shui Tan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology Surgery, Beijing Ji Shui Tan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology Surgery, Beijing Ji Shui Tan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Lin Hao
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology Surgery, Beijing Ji Shui Tan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Xiaohui Niu
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology Surgery, Beijing Ji Shui Tan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100035, China
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6
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Tomori Y, Iijima N, Hinuma S, Ishii H, Takumi K, Takai S, Ozawa H. Morphological Analysis of Trafficking and Processing of Anionic and Cationic Liposomes in Cultured Cells. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2018; 51:81-92. [PMID: 29867281 PMCID: PMC5976888 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.17021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposomes, artificial phospholipid vesicles, have been developed as a non-viral drug delivery system to allow contained agents to be efficiently delivered to target sites via systemic circulation. Liposomes have been used as a gene transfer tool with cultured cells; however, their precise trafficking and processing remain uncertain. Furthermore, liposomes with different surface charges are known to exhibit distinct properties. The purpose of the current study was to elucidate the intracellular trafficking and processing of liposomes with anionic and cationic surface charges from a morphological view point. We found that cationic liposomes (CLs) were more effectively taken by the cells than anionic liposomes (ALs). Confocal laser scanning microscopy and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated distinct intracellular localization and processing patterns of ALs and CLs. ALs and their contents were localized in lysosomes but not in cytosol, indicating that ALs are subjected to the endosome-lysosome system. In contrast, contents of CLs were distributed mainly in the cytosol. CLs appear to disturb the cell membrane and then collapse to release their contents into the cytosol. It is feasible that the contents of CLs enter the cytosol directly rather than via the endosome-lysosome system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Tomori
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Norio Iijima
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School
- Present affiliation: Center for Medical Science, International University of Health and Welfare
| | - Shuji Hinuma
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life Science, Senri Kinran University
| | - Hirotaka Ishii
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Ken Takumi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School
- Present affiliation: Department of Zoology, Okayama University of Science
| | - Shinro Takai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School
| | - Hitoshi Ozawa
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School
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7
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Walia A, Yang JF, Huang YH, Rosenblatt MI, Chang JH, Azar DT. Endostatin's emerging roles in angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, disease, and clinical applications. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2015; 1850:2422-38. [PMID: 26367079 PMCID: PMC4624607 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis is the process of neovascularization from pre-existing vasculature and is involved in various physiological and pathological processes. Inhibitors of angiogenesis, administered either as individual drugs or in combination with other chemotherapy, have been shown to benefit patients with various cancers. Endostatin, a 20-kDa C-terminal fragment of type XVIII collagen, is one of the most potent inhibitors of angiogenesis. SCOPE OF REVIEW We discuss the biology behind endostatin in the context of its endogenous production, the various receptors to which it binds, and the mechanisms by which it acts. We focus on its inhibitory role in angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and cancer metastasis. We also present emerging clinical applications for endostatin and its potential as a therapeutic agent in the form a short peptide. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The delicate balance between pro- and anti-angiogenic factors can be modulated to result in physiological wound healing or pathological tumor metastasis. Research in the last decade has emphasized an emerging clinical potential for endostatin as a biomarker and as a therapeutic short peptide. Moreover, elevated or depressed endostatin levels in diseased states may help explain the pathophysiological mechanisms of the particular disease. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Endostatin was once sought after as the 'be all and end all' for cancer treatment; however, research throughout the last decade has made it apparent that endostatin's effects are complex and involve multiple mechanisms. A better understanding of newly discovered mechanisms and clinical applications still has the potential to lead to future advances in the use of endostatin in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Walia
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jessica F Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yu-Hui Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mark I Rosenblatt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jin-Hong Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Dimitri T Azar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Sosnik A, Carcaboso AM. Nanomedicines in the future of pediatric therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 73:140-61. [PMID: 24819219 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has become a key tool to overcome the main (bio)pharmaceutical drawbacks of drugs and to enable their passive or active targeting to specific cells and tissues. Pediatric therapies usually rely on the previous clinical experience in adults. However, there exists scientific evidence that drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in children differ from those in adults. For example, the interaction of specific drugs with their target receptors undergoes changes over the maturation of the different organs and systems. A similar phenomenon is observed for toxicity and adverse effects. Thus, it is clear that the treatment of disease in children cannot be simplified to the direct adjustment of the dose to the body weight/surface. In this context, the implementation of innovative technologies (e.g., nanotechnology) in the pediatric population becomes extremely challenging. The present article overviews the different attempts to use nanotechnology to treat diseases in the pediatric population. Due to the relevance, though limited available literature on the matter, we initially describe from preliminary in vitro studies to preclinical and clinical trials aiming to treat pediatric infectious diseases and pediatric solid tumors by means of nanotechnology. Then, the perspectives of pediatric nanomedicine are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Sosnik
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel.
| | - Angel M Carcaboso
- Preclinical Therapeutics and Drug Delivery Research Program, Department of Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona 08950, Spain
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Lamoureux F, Trichet V, Chipoy C, Blanchard F, Gouin F, Redini F. Recent advances in the management of osteosarcoma and forthcoming therapeutic strategies. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 7:169-81. [PMID: 17288528 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.7.2.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most frequent primary bone tumor and occurs mainly in young patients (average age: 18 years). No evolution of the survival rates has been recorded for two decades in response to current treatment, associating often toxic and badly tolerated cures of chemotherapy (given a significant rate of bad responders) with preserving surgery. Among the proposed innovative strategies, immune-based therapy, antiangiogenesis agents, tumor-suppressor or suicide gene therapy, or anticancer drugs not commonly used in osteosarcoma are presented. A further strategy is to target the tumor microenvironment rather than the tumor itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Lamoureux
- Université de Nantes, Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Faculté de Médecine, Nantes cedex 1, France.
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Scharf VF, Farese JP, Coomer AR, Milner RJ, Taylor DP, Salute ME, Chang MN, Neal D, Siemann DW. Effect of bevacizumab on angiogenesis and growth of canine osteosarcoma cells xenografted in athymic mice. Am J Vet Res 2013; 74:771-8. [PMID: 23627391 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.74.5.771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective-To investigate the effects of bevacizumab, a human monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor, on the angiogenesis and growth of canine osteosarcoma cells xenografted in mice. Animals-27 athymic nude mice. Procedures-To each mouse, highly metastasizing parent osteosarcoma cells of canine origin were injected into the left gastrocnemius muscle. Each mouse was then randomly allocated to 1 of 3 treatment groups: high-dose bevacizumab (4 mg/kg, IP), low-dose bevacizumab (2 mg/kg, IP), or control (no treatment). Tumor growth (the number of days required for the tumor to grow from 8 to 13 mm), vasculature, histomorphology, necrosis, and pulmonary metastasis were evaluated. Results-Mice in the high-dose bevacizumab group had significantly delayed tumor growth (mean ± SD, 13.4 ± 3.8 days; range, 9 to 21 days), compared with that for mice in the low-dose bevacizumab group (mean ± SD, 9.4 ± 1.5 days; range, 7 to 11 days) or control group (mean ± SD, 7. 2 ± 1.5 days; range, 4 to 9 days). Mice in the low-dose bevacizumab group also had significantly delayed tumor growth, compared with that for mice in the control group. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Results indicated that bevacizumab inhibited growth of canine osteosarcoma cells xenografted in mice, which suggested that vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors may be clinically useful for the treatment of osteosarcoma in dogs. Impact for Human Medicine-Canine osteosarcoma is used as a research model for human osteosarcoma; therefore, bevacizumab may be clinically beneficial for the treatment of osteosarcoma in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery F Scharf
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
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11
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Animal tumor models for PET in drug development. Ann Nucl Med 2011; 25:717-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s12149-011-0531-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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12
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Wang L, Yao B, Li Q, Mei K, Xu JR, Li HX, Wang YS, Wen YJ, Wang XD, Yang HS, Li YH, Luo F, Wu Y, Liu YY, Yang L. Gene therapy with recombinant adenovirus encoding endostatin encapsulated in cationic liposome in coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor-deficient colon carcinoma murine models. Hum Gene Ther 2011; 22:1061-9. [PMID: 21615297 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2011.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus (Ad)-based antiangiogenesis gene therapy is a promising approach for cancer treatment. Downregulation or loss of coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is often detected in various human cancers, which hampers adenoviral gene therapy approaches. Cationic liposome-complexed adenoviral vectors have been proven useful in CAR-deficient cells to enhance therapeutic gene transfer in vivo. Here, we investigated the antitumor effects of recombinant adenovirus encoding endostatin (Ad-hE) encapsulated in cationic liposome (Ad-hE/Lipo) on CAR-deficient CT26 colon carcinoma murine models. In vitro, Ad-hE/Lipo enhanced adenovirus transfection in CAR-deficient cells (CT26), and endostatin gene expression was measured by both qualitative and quantitative detection. In addition, an antibody neutralizing assay indicated that neutralizing serum inhibited naked adenovirus 5 (Ad5) at rather higher dilution than the complexes of Ad5 and cationic liposomes (Ad5-CL), which demonstrated that Ad5-CL was more capable of protecting Ad5 from neutralization. In vivo, Ad-hE/Lipo treatment in the murine CT26 tumor model by intratumoral injection resulted in marked suppression of tumor growth and prolonged survival time, which was associated with a decreased number of microvessels and increased apoptosis of tumor cells. In conclusion, recombinant endostatin adenovirus encapsulated with cationic liposome effectively inhibited CAR-deficient tumor growth through an antiangiogenic mechanism in murine models without marked toxicity, thus showing a feasible strategy for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Wang
- State Key Lab of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
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13
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Xu H, Niu X, Zhang Q, Hao L, Ding Y, Liu W, Yao L. Synergistic antitumor efficacy by combining adriamycin with recombinant human endostatin in an osteosarcoma model. Oncol Lett 2011; 2:773-778. [PMID: 22866125 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2011.334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last 15 years, chemotherapy-based therapeutic regimens for the treatment of osteosarcoma have failed to demonstrate improved survival rates. Novel approaches, including targeted therapy and antiangiogenic therapy, may provide new methods for the treatment of osteosarcoma, one of the most deadly malignant diseases. In the present study, the therapeutic efficacy of an endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor, endostatin, was tested in combination with the chemotherapeutic agent, adriamycin. BALB/c mice, aged 4-6 weeks were fed animal chow and had access to water ad libitum. The mice were divided into groups and injected with tumor cells. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to identify the microvessel density. The TUNEL technique was also used to determine the apoptotic index. The combination of endostatin and adriamycin produced marked synergistic antitumor activity in a mouse osteosarcoma model. These findings provide new guidelines for designing future clinical trials and for the application of currently available clinical drugs (endostatin has been approved for clinical use) in the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology Surgery, Beijing Ji Shui Tan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100035, P.R. China
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14
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Yoncheva K, Momekov G. Antiangiogenic anticancer strategy based on nanoparticulate systems. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2011; 8:1041-56. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2011.585155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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15
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Rocha FGDG, Calvo FB, Chaves KC, Peron JPS, Marques RF, de Borba TR, Braga MS, Pereira CB, Vicente EJ, Chammas R, Schor N, Bellini MH. Endostatin- and interleukin-2-expressing retroviral bicistronic vector for gene therapy of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J Gene Med 2011; 13:148-57. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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16
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miRNA Profiling: How to Bypass the Current Difficulties in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Sarcomas. Sarcoma 2011; 2011:460650. [PMID: 21437224 PMCID: PMC3061295 DOI: 10.1155/2011/460650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are divided into a group with specific alterations and a second presenting a complex karyotype, sometimes difficult to diagnose or with few therapeutic options available. We assessed if miRNA profiling by TaqMan low density arrays could predict the response of undifferentiated rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and osteosarcoma to treatment. We showed that miRNA signatures in response to a therapeutic agent (chemotherapy or the mTOR inhibitor RAD-001) were cell and drug specific on cell lines and a rat osteosarcoma model. This miRNA signature was related to cell or tumour sensitivity to this treatment and might be not due to chromosomal aberrations, as revealed by a CGH array analysis of rat tumours. Strikingly, miRNA profiling gave promising results for patient rhabdomyosarcoma, discriminating all types of RMS: (Pax+) or undifferentiated alveolar RMS as well as embryonal RMS. As highlighted by these results, miRNA profiling emerges as a potent molecular diagnostic tool for complex karyotype sarcomas.
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17
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Gougelet A, Pissaloux D, Besse A, Perez J, Duc A, Dutour A, Blay JY, Alberti L. Micro-RNA profiles in osteosarcoma as a predictive tool for ifosfamide response. Int J Cancer 2010; 129:680-90. [PMID: 20949564 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Micro-RNAs (miRNA) are currently used as cancer biomarkers for hematological cancers and solid tumors. Osteosarcoma is the first primary malignant bone tumor, characterized by a complex genetic and resistance to conventional treatments. For this latter property, the median survival has not been improved since 1990 despite preoperative administration of chemotherapeutic agents. The prediction of tumor response before chemotherapy treatment would constitute a major progress for this pathology. We assessed in this study if miRNA profiling could surpass the current limitations for osteosarcoma diagnosis. We measured the miRNA expression in different osteosarcoma samples: (i) 27 osteosarcoma paraffin-embedded tumors from patients, (ii) human osteosarcoma cell lines, and (iii) tumors from a syngeneic rat osteosarcoma model, recapitulating human osteosarcoma. miRNA profiles were determined using microfluidic cards performing high-throughput TaqMan(®) -based PCR assays, called TaqMan(®) Low Density Arrays. Osteosarcoma of rat and human origins showed a miRNA signature, which could discriminate good from bad responders. In particular, we identified five discriminating miRNAs (miR-92a, miR-99b, miR-132, miR-193a-5p and miR-422a) in patient tumors, which could be easily transferable to diagnosis. These discriminating miRNAs, as well as those identified in rat, targeted the TGFβ, the Wnt and the MAP kinase pathways. These results indicate that our platform constitutes a potent diagnostic tool to predict tumor sensitivity to a drug in attempt to better adapt treatment to tumor biological specificities and also to identify new potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélique Gougelet
- Unité INSERM U590 équipe Cytokines et Cancer, Centre Léon Bérard, 69373 Lyon cedex 08, France.
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de Góes Rocha FG, Chaves KCB, Chammas R, Peron JPS, Rizzo LV, Schor N, Bellini MH. Endostatin gene therapy enhances the efficacy of IL-2 in suppressing metastatic renal cell carcinoma in mice. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2010; 59:1357-65. [PMID: 20490489 PMCID: PMC11030630 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-010-0865-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 05/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether the administration of IL-2 combined with endostatin gene therapy was able to produce additive or even synergistic immunomodulatory activity in a mouse model of metastatic renal carcinoma. Renca cells were injected into the tail vein of BALB/c mice. After 24 h, the animals were randomly divided into four groups (5 mice/group). One group of mice was the control, the second group received treatment with 100,000 UI of Recombinant IL-2 (Proleukin, Chiron) twice a day, 1 day per week during 2 weeks (IL-2), the third group received treatment with a subcutaneous inoculation of 3.6 x 10(6) endostatin-producing cells, and the fourth group received both therapies (IL-2 + ES). Mice were treated for 2 weeks. In the survival studies, 10 mice/group daily, mice were monitored daily until they died. The presence of metastases led to a twofold increase in endostatin levels. Subcutaneous inoculation of NIH/3T3-LendSN cells resulted in a 2.75 and 2.78-fold increase in endostatin levels in the ES and IL-2 + ES group, respectively. At the end of the study, there was a significant decrease in lung wet weight, lung nodules area, and microvascular area (MVA) in all treated groups compared with the control group (P < 0.001). The significant difference in lung wet weight and lung nodules area between groups IL-2 and IL-2 + ES revealed a synergistic antitumor effect of the combined treatment (P < 0.05). The IL-2 + ES therapy Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that the probability of survival was significantly higher for mice treated with the combined therapy (log-rank test, P = 0.0028). Conjugated therapy caused an increase in the infiltration of CD4, CD8 and CD49b lymphocytes. An increase in the amount of CD8 cells (P < 0.01) was observed when animals received both ES and IL-2, suggesting an additive effect of ES over IL-2 treatment. A synergistic effect of ES on the infiltration of CD4 (P < 0.001) and CD49b cells (P < 0.01) was also observed over the effect of IL-2. Here, we show that ES led to an increase in CD4 T helper cells as well as cytotoxic lymphocytes, such as NK cells and CD8 cells, within tumors of IL-2 treated mice. This means that ES plays a role in supporting the actions of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roger Chammas
- Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Vicente Rizzo
- Albert Einstein Jewish Institute for Education and Research, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nestor Schor
- Nephrology Division, Medicine Department, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena Bellini
- Nephrology Division, Medicine Department, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Biotechnology Department, IPEN-CNEN, São Paulo, SP Brazil
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Zhang DW, Li HL, Yao Q, Yang WL, Wang HL, Zhai DX, Zhou ZH. The synergistic effect of recombinant human endostatin (YH-16) combined with oxaliplatin on human colorectal carcinoma. J Int Med Res 2010; 38:111-26. [PMID: 20233520 DOI: 10.1177/147323001003800113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the effect of recombinant human endostatin (YH-16) combined with oxaliplatin (L-OHP) on the growth of orthotopically-implanted human colorectal carcinoma in nude mice. Tumour volumes and weights were measured after therapy. Tumour cell morphology was observed by light and electron microscopy. Apoptosis was detected using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labelling (TUNEL) assay, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and microvessel density (MVD) were determined by immunohistochemical staining. Tumour volumes in all treatment groups were significantly reduced compared with controls. YH-16 and L-OHP either alone or in combination caused tumour cell apoptosis, except in the YH-16 low-dose group. MVD was strongly inhibited in the treatment groups compared with the controls, although only YH-16 combined with L-OHP or L-OHP alone decreased VEGF expression. No obvious change in side-effects occurred. In conclusion, YH-16 combined with L-OHP inhibited growth and induced apoptosis in orthotopically-transplanted human colorectal carcinoma in nude mice without increasing side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- D-W Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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20
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Cationic liposome coupled endostatin gene for treatment of peritoneal colon cancer. Clin Exp Metastasis 2010; 27:307-18. [PMID: 20373131 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-010-9328-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Therapy targeting cancer blood vessels requires unwavering pharmacokinetics of antiangiogenic therapeutics to neutralize the excess pro-angiogenic factors constantly secreted by tumor cells. Gene therapies have been explored to effectively create a microenvironment less favorable for angiogenesis and tumor expansion. In this study, we examined the inhibitory effect of cationic liposome coupled with the murine endostatin gene (Lipo/mEndo) on growth of intraperitoneal disseminated colon cancer models. Intraperitoneal injection of Lipo/mEndo inhibited bioluminescent signals emitted from CT26 colon cancer cells stably expressing luciferase in the living mice and prolonged their survival times. Endostatin gene therapy suppressed the colony forming capability and VEGF concentration of ascites obtained from treated mice by 74 and 60%, respectively. When tested in a similar model using HCT116 human colon cancer cells, Lipo/mEndo and bevacizumab displayed comparable repressive effects on ascites formation and tumor foci dissemination on mesentery of experimental mice. Our results implicate that cationic liposome coupled endostatin gene therapy may be a clinically effective treatment for intraperitoneal disseminated colon cancer.
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21
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Endostatin, placental growth factor, and fibroblast growth factors-1 and -2 in the sera of patients with primary osteosarcomas. Bull Exp Biol Med 2010; 148:246-9. [PMID: 20027339 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-009-0710-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Serum levels of endostatin, placental growth factor (PlGF), and fibroblast growth factors-1 and -2 (FGF-1 and FGF-2) were measured in 58 patients with primary osteosarcomas before therapy and in 21 healthy subjects. The incidence of serum FGF-1 in bone tumors was 2.5 times higher than in healthy individuals (p=0.004); significant levels of FGF-2, PlGF, and endostatin were detected in all examined subjects. The mean serum level of endostatin in healthy individuals was significantly lower than in the total group of patients with bone tumors (p=0.005). The level of FGF-1 in osteosarcomas was significantly higher than in chondrosarcomas (p<0.05). No appreciable differences in FGF-2 levels were detected in patients with tumors of different histological structure. The mean serum content of PlGF was virtually the same in healthy individuals and patients with bone tumors. A significant relationship between serum PlGF level and maximum tumor size (p=0.008) was detected in osteosarcoma. No relationships between the levels of FGF-1, FGF-2, PlGF, and endostatin were detected in healthy subjects and patients with primary tumors of the bones. Differences in 3-year overall survival values of patients with bone sarcomas with different initial serum levels of FGF-1 and endostatin were detected.
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22
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Dutour A, Decouvelaere AV, Monteil J, Duclos ME, Roualdes O, Rousseau R, Marec-Bérard P. 18F-FDG PET SUVmax Correlates with Osteosarcoma Histologic Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: Preclinical Evaluation in an Orthotopic Rat Model. J Nucl Med 2009; 50:1533-40. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.109.062356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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23
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FDG-PET/CT of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in a rat model. Mol Imaging Biol 2008; 11:88-93. [PMID: 19034583 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-008-0183-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2007] [Revised: 05/31/2008] [Accepted: 06/13/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to demonstrate the ability to use human clinical positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) to detect and investigate head and neck cancers chemically induced by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO) in a rat model. STUDY DESIGN The study design was prospective animal research. PROCEDURES A head and neck squamous cell carcinoma was established in 20 immunocompetent rats, who drank a 4-NQO solution during 16 weeks. 2-Deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-D: -glucose (FDG)-PET/CT was performed for five of them, 34 weeks after the start of the experiment to characterize the tumors. A day following the FDG-PET/CT, rats were euthanized and pathological features were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS All rats had head and neck tumor at various locations at 34 weeks. Among the five rats selected for having FDG-PET/CT, the clinical examination detected exophytic tumors grown in the oral cavity for three of them (one on the inferior lip, one on the hard palate, and one on the internal side of the cheek). FDG-PET/CT confirmed the presence of those tumors and detected ones located on the base of tongue for three of them. Tumor extensions were characterized and tumor metabolic volumes were measured. The smallest lesion detected measured 3 x 3 x 4 mm. Pathologic examination using hematoxylin-eosin staining confirmed squamous cell carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that FDG-PET/CT is a feasible examination to detect occult primary tumors in rat models. It is useful to follow tumor progression and evaluate therapeutics efficacy.
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Sakamoto A, Iwamoto Y. Current status and perspectives regarding the treatment of osteo-sarcoma: chemotherapy. Rev Recent Clin Trials 2008; 3:228-31. [PMID: 18782081 PMCID: PMC2778092 DOI: 10.2174/157488708785700267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumor in childhood and adolescence. The use of combination chemotherapy and surgery enables long-term survival in approximately 60-70% of cases. However, the necessity for surgery, the poor prognosis of patients with metastatic or recurrent disease (long-term survival in only about 20% of cases), and the lack of establishment of second-line chemotherapy suggest that improvements in chemotherapy are desperately needed. Currently, in an effort to extend the protocol with the chemotherapy drugs that already exist, high-dose chemotherapy with/without autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, and tumor-targeted drug delivery systems are under investigation. Future drug developments will no doubt lie in the direction of immunotherapy and anti-angiogenic therapy, as well as the use of cytotoxic drugs. Identifying the genes and signal transduction pathways responsible for the development of osteosarcoma or for the occurrence of malignancy in cases of osteosarcoma will undoubtedly lead to the identification of pathway-specific agents, or possible gene therapy. Furthermore, as increased light is shed on the character of osetoblastic differentiation in osteosarcoma, this will certainly give rise to new treatments utilizing differentiation therapy. This article reviews the current status and perspectives regarding the treatment of osteosarcoma in terms of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Sakamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Maidashi, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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Abstract
Osteosarcoma, a class of cancer that originates from bone, afflicts mainly young people usually in their teenage years of life. Despite surgery and chemotherapy, the outlook for sufferers is not that positive, with a third of patients with metastatic disease not surviving past the 10-year mark. Like other neoplasms, other forms of therapeutics are being evaluated, and amongst these is gene therapy. This review discusses approaches for gene therapy of osteosarcoma using cationic liposomes and polyethylenimine in vivo. The field is still in its infancy as far as osteosarcoma is concerned and much more needs to be done to test its true potential as a feasible therapeutic modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crispin R Dass
- Department of Orthopaedics, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia.
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26
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Dass CR, Choong PFM. Gene therapy for osteosarcoma: steps towards clinical studies. J Pharm Pharmacol 2008; 60:405-13. [PMID: 18380911 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.60.4.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy, an applied form of biotechnology, relies on the delivery of foreign DNA into cells. More than 50% of all reported clinical trials for gene therapy are for cancer, though only a scant number for osteosarcoma. Osteosarcoma is a neoplasm afflicting young adults, who in their prime years of life suffer debilitation if not death. The disease is not entirely curable, even with surgery combined with aggressive chemotherapy. Thus, other forms of therapies are being evaluated, including gene therapy. There exist two major forms of gene transfer: viral and non-viral. This review only covers proof-of-principle work carried out in cancer beyond the cell culture stage, in animals. Drawing from the experiences of gene therapy against other cancers, studies for which have already reached the clinical phase, the review discusses potential pitfalls and solutions to enhance gene therapy for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crispin R Dass
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Australia.
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27
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Clark JCM, Dass CR, Choong PFM. A review of clinical and molecular prognostic factors in osteosarcoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2007; 134:281-97. [PMID: 17965883 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-007-0330-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2007] [Accepted: 10/08/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Traditional prognostic determinants in osteosarcoma have included demographics (age, sex), tumour size, site, stage, and the response to chemotherapy. Many of these are determined using varying techniques and units of measurement, which can make comparison between studies difficult. The absence of survival difference between limb sparing surgery and amputation has been repeatedly demonstrated in primary disease, and even in the setting of pathological fracture. On the other hand, there is still some controversy over the existence of increased local recurrence for limb-sparing surgery, and the implications of this. Commonly used prognostic determinants such as metastases, and response to chemotherapy enable a high degree of prognostic accuracy but usually at a late stage in the course of disease. Leading on from this, there is a need to uncover molecular pathways with specific influence over osteosarcoma progression to facilitate earlier treatment changes. Some important pathways are already being defined, for example the association of CXCR4 with metastases on presentation, the likelihood of doxorubicin resistance with positive P-glycoprotein, and the reduced survival prediction of over expressed survivin. It is anticipated that the future of osteosarcoma treatment will involve treatment tailored to the molecular profile of tumours at diagnosis, adjuvant therapy directed towards dysfunctional molecular pathways rather than the use of cytotoxics, and a more standardised approach to the measurement of clinical prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C M Clark
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, P.O. Box 2900, Fitzroy, Melbourne, VIC 3065, Australia
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28
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Huang BJ, Liu RY, Huang JL, Liang ZH, Gao GF, Wu JX, Huang W. Long-Term toxicity studies in Canine of E10A, an adenoviral vector for human endostatin gene. Hum Gene Ther 2007; 18:207-21. [PMID: 17346097 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2006.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
E10A, a recombinant adenovirus type 5 vector carrying the human endostatin gene, may be a promising gene therapy drug in the treatment of solid tumors by antiangiogenesis, but a preclinical safety evaluation of E10A has not yet been performed. With high and low doses equivalent to 30 and 7.5 times the human curative dose, respectively, intramuscular injections of E10A were given once daily, 6 days/week, for 3 months, followed by a 1-month recovery period. As of 4 months, all experimental animals appeared generally healthy: normal behavior and eating habits, no nausea, vomiting, or salivation, no abnormal changes in urination or defecation, and increased body weight with the time of experiment. Urinalysis, hemogram, blood biochemistry, electrocardiogram, macroscopic and microscopic studies of organs and tissues were done before treatment, at month 3 of treatment, and 1 month posttreatment. At all time points, no significant abnormal toxic effects were noted. Preliminary investigation of E10A immunotoxicity in dogs indicated that anti-adenoviral antibodies were generated, in a dose- and time-independent manner, after E10A injection. Our data demonstrated that, long term, high-dose intramuscular administration of recombinant human endostatin-carrying adenovirus (E10A) was not notably toxic and might be safe for clinical therapeutic use, although additional long-term toxicity studies by other administration routes are still necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
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29
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Pope-Harman A, Cheng MMC, Robertson F, Sakamoto J, Ferrari M. Biomedical nanotechnology for cancer. Med Clin North Am 2007; 91:899-927. [PMID: 17826110 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2007.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology may hold the key to controlling many devastating diseases. In the fight against the pain, suffering, and death due to cancer, nanotechnology will allow earlier diagnosis and even prevention of malignancy at premalignant stages, in addition to providing multimodality treatment not possible with current conventional techniques. This review discusses nanotechnology already used in diagnostic and therapeutic applications for cancer. Also addressed are theoretic and evolving uses of nanotechnology, including multifunctional nanoparticles for imaging and therapy, nanochannel implants for controlled release of drugs, nanoscale devices for evaluation of proteomics and genomics, and diagnostic techniques that take advantage of physical changes in diseased tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Pope-Harman
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Tian HL, Chen H, Cui YH, Xu T, Zhou LF. Increased protein and mRNA expression of endostatin in the ischemic brain tissue of rabbits after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Neurosci Bull 2007; 23:35-40. [PMID: 17592523 PMCID: PMC5500774 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-007-0005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the changes of endostatin (a strong anti-angiogenesis factor) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the brain tissues of rabbits following cerebral ischemia induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). METHODS Twenty-four New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups: control (n = 5), sham-operation (n = 4), 2-hour ischemia (n = 5), 24-hour ischemia (n = 5), and 48-hour ischemia (n = 5). The expression of VEGF and endostatin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. In situ hybridization was used to characterize the expression of mRNA for the endostatin. RESULTS Both the protein (at least 50%, P < 0.01) and mRNA (at least 70%, P < 0.05) of endostatin increased significantly in the ischemic brain tissues after MCAO compared with the control group. VEGF increased at least 270% in the brain after cerebral ischemia (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Cerebral ischemia leads to an up-regulation of endostatin in the brain, which is not associated with the increase of VEGF in the brain. The increase of endostatin may serve as a deleterious mechanism for ischemic injury through blocking angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Li Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040 China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200233 China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200233 China
| | - Yu-Hui Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200233 China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200233 China
| | - Liang-Fu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040 China
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31
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Brandwijk RJMGE, Griffioen AW, Thijssen VLJL. Targeted gene-delivery strategies for angiostatic cancer treatment. Trends Mol Med 2007; 13:200-9. [PMID: 17379575 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2007.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2006] [Revised: 02/15/2007] [Accepted: 03/08/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy is one of the promising strategies in cancer treatment. Recent studies identified molecular targets on angiogenically activated endothelial cells that can be used to deliver gene-transfer vehicles to the tumor site specifically. Furthermore, non-viral vehicles are emerging as an alternative for traditional viral gene-therapy approaches. Here, we describe how viral and non-viral gene-transfer vehicles have been and can be modified to target tumor endothelial cells for anti-angiogenesis gene therapy. Improving the specificity and safety of existing gene-therapy vehicles will make angiogenesis-targeted cancer gene therapy a valuable tool in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo J M G E Brandwijk
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Research Institute Growth and Development (GROW), Department of Pathology, Maastricht University and University Hospital Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands
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Zhao H, Pan JK, Luo Y, Tian L, Xue YL. Construction of gene engineered hE/293 cells continuously releasing human endostatin. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2007; 15:1370-1375. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v15.i12.1370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To express the recombinant eukaryotic expression vector containing human endostatin gene in human embryonic kidney HEK293 cells, and construct a cell line continuously secreting human endostatin (hES).
METHODS: Human endostatin cDNA containing interleukin-2 (IL-2) secreting peptide was cloned into eukaryotic expression plasmid pSNA2 to construct the recombinant plasmid pSNA2/endostatin. The plasmid pSNA2/endostatin was transfected into HEK293 cells by cationic liposome. The positive cell clones were selected by G418 and then named hE/293 cells. The expression of endostatin protein was analyzed by Western blot. The release of biologically active endostatin was confirmed using assays of ECV304 proliferation and the angiogenesis experiment of chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM).
RESULTS: Enzyme digestion and sequence analysis confirmed that the eukaryotic expression vector pSNA2/endostatin had been successfully constructed. After G418 selection, 3 strains of cells stably expressing hES were obtained, named as hE/293 cells. Western blot showed that ES protein with a molecular weight of 20 kDa existed in the supernatant of hE/293 cells. No endostatin expression was found in the control cells. The assays of ECV304 proliferation showed that the supernatant of hE/293 cells inhibited ECV304 cell proliferation induced by basic fibroblast growth factor in comparison with that of HEK29 cells (48 h: 0.125 ± 0.007 vs 0.159 ± 0.020, P < 0.01; 72 h: 0.088 ± 0.016 vs 0.249 ± 0.070, P < 0.01). There were fewer blood vessels in the CAM treated with ES protein.
CONCLUSION: Target cell line hE/293 is successfully constructed which it can stably secret hES protein, inhibit the ECV304 cell proliferation and CAM angiogenesis.
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Meyer M, Wagner E. Recent developments in the application of plasmid DNA-based vectors and small interfering RNA therapeutics for cancer. Hum Gene Ther 2007; 17:1062-76. [PMID: 17032153 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2006.17.1062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased understanding of the molecular pathological mechanisms of cancer, the advent of novel molecular tools such as synthetic small interfering RNA (siRNA) or plasmid DNA-based vectors (pDNA), and technology for the in vivo delivery of such biomolecular therapeutics have provided an encouraging perspective for cancer therapy. Numerous pDNAs and siRNAs have been tested in preclinical cancer models, and these first approaches have reached clinical evaluation. The therapeutic effector mechanisms include interference with neoangiogenesis, blockage of cell division, promotion of apoptosis and sensitization to chemotherapy, delivery of cytotoxic genes, and activation of anticancer immune responses. Physical methods have been developed for highly effective regional delivery. A series of innovative "smart" formulations directs the current development toward safe and effective systemic tumor-targeted delivery of pDNA and siRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Meyer
- Department of Pharmacy, Center of Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Biology-Biotechnology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich 81377, Germany
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Abstract
Even in tumor centers using established protocols, the survival rate of patients with osteosarcoma has not improved significantly in recent years. Novel therapies are urgently needed as an adjunct to conventional treatment modalities, to reduce the dose and subsequent toxicity associated with current chemotherapy, improve local disease control, prevent development of metastases, and offer an alternative treatment for those tumors that are poorly responsive to chemotherapy. Anti-angiogenic therapy currently holds great potential in conjunction with conventional treatment modalities for osteosarcoma. Specifically, anti-angiogenic factors derived from cartilage, a natural barrier to osteosarcoma invasion, may have important therapeutic applications in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald M Y Quan
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, P O Box 2900, Fitzroy 3065, Australia
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Adenovirus-mediated herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene transfer driver by KDR promoter in treatment of experimental human hepatocelLular carcinoma in nude mice. Chin J Cancer Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11670-007-0022-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Quesada AR, Muñoz-Chápuli R, Medina MA. Anti-angiogenic drugs: from bench to clinical trials. Med Res Rev 2006; 26:483-530. [PMID: 16652370 DOI: 10.1002/med.20059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the generation of new capillaries through a process of pre-existing microvessel sprouting, is under stringent control and normally occurs only during embryonic and post-embryonic development, reproductive cycle, and wound repair. However, in many pathological conditions (solid tumor progression, metastasis, diabetic retinopathy, hemangioma, arthritis, psoriasis and atherosclerosis among others), the disease appears to be associated with persistent upregulated angiogenesis. The development of specific anti-angiogenic agents arises as an attractive therapeutic approach for the treatment of cancer and other angiogenesis-dependent diseases. The formation of new blood vessels is a complex multi-step process. Endothelial cells resting in the parent vessels are activated by an angiogenic signal and stimulated to synthesize and release degradative enzymes allowing endothelial cells to migrate, proliferate and finally differentiate to give rise to capillary tubules. Any of these steps may be a potential target for pharmacological intervention. In spite of the disappointing results obtained initially in clinical trials with anti-angiogenic drugs, recent reports with positive results in phases II and III trials encourage expectations in their therapeutic potential. This review discusses the current approaches for the discovery of new compounds that inhibit angiogenesis, with emphasis on the clinical developmental status of anti-angiogenic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Quesada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
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Bix G, Castello R, Burrows M, Zoeller JJ, Weech M, Iozzo RA, Cardi C, Thakur ML, Barker CA, Camphausen K, Iozzo RV. Endorepellin In Vivo: Targeting the Tumor Vasculature and Retarding Cancer Growth and Metabolism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 98:1634-46. [PMID: 17105986 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djj441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antiangiogenic approach to controlling cancer requires a better understanding of angiogenesis and the discovery of new compounds that modulate this key biological process. Here we investigated the role of endorepellin, an angiostatic protein fragment that is derived from the C-terminus of perlecan, a heparan sulfate proteoglycan, in controlling tumor angiogenesis in vivo. METHODS We administered human recombinant endorepellin systemically to mice bearing orthotopic squamous carcinoma xenografts or syngeneic Lewis lung carcinoma tumors. We monitored tumor growth, angiogenesis, metabolism, hypoxia, and mitotic index by using quantitative immunohistochemistry and positron emission tomography scan imaging. In addition, we determined the localization of injected endorepellin using near-infrared labeling and immunohistochemistry of frozen tumor sections. Finally, we isolated tumor-derived endothelial cells and tested whether endorepellin could interact with these cells and disrupt in vitro capillary morphogenesis. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Endorepellin specifically targeted the tumor vasculature as determined by immunohistochemical analysis and accumulated in the tumor perivascular zones where it persisted for several days as discrete deposits. This led to inhibition of tumor angiogenesis (as measured by decreased CD31-positive cells, mean control = 1902 CD31-positive pixels, mean endorepellin treated = 343.9, difference between means = 1558, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1296 to 1820, P<.001), enhanced tumor hypoxia, and a statistically significant decrease in tumor metabolism and mitotic index (as measured by decreased Ki67-positive cells, mean control Ki67 pixels = 5970, mean endorepellin-treated Ki67 pixels = 3644, difference between means = 2326, 95% CI = 1904 to 2749, P<.001) compared to untreated controls. Endorepellin was actively internalized by tumor-derived endothelial cells causing a redistribution of alpha2beta1 integrin such that both proteins colocalized to punctate deposits in the perivascular region. Endorepellin treatment inhibited in vitro capillary morphogenesis of both normal and tumor-derived endothelia. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide support for the hypothesis that endorepellin is an effective antitumor vasculature agent that could be used as a therapeutic modality to combat cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Cell Hypoxia
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Female
- Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans/administration & dosage
- Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans/metabolism
- Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Infusions, Parenteral
- Integrin alpha2beta1/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Mitotic Index
- Neoplasms/blood supply
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Peptide Fragments/administration & dosage
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/therapeutic use
- Positron-Emission Tomography
- Random Allocation
- Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic use
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed
- Transplantation, Heterologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Bix
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Meyer M, Wagner E. Recent Developments in the Application of Plasmid DNA-Based Vectors and Small Interfering RNA Therapeutics for Cancer. Hum Gene Ther 2006. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2006.17.ft-251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Longhi A, Errani C, De Paolis M, Mercuri M, Bacci G. Primary bone osteosarcoma in the pediatric age: State of the art. Cancer Treat Rev 2006; 32:423-36. [PMID: 16860938 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2006.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 455] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2005] [Revised: 05/30/2006] [Accepted: 05/31/2006] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The current combination treatment, chemotherapy and surgery, has significantly improved the cure rate and the survival rate of primary bone osteosarcoma. The 5-year survival rate has increased in the last 30 years from 10% to 70%. Even in patients with poor prognosis, such as those with metastases at diagnosis, the 5-year survival rate has reached 20-30% due to chemotherapy and the surgical removal of metastases and primary tumor. However, the most effective drugs are still the same as those employed over the last 20 years as front line neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy: Doxorubicin, Cisplatin, Methotrexate, Ifosfamide. No standard, second line therapy exists for those who relapse. At relapse, due to the lack of new non-cross-resistant drugs, surgery is still the main option when feasible. Other drugs have been employed in relapsed patients with poor results. This article reviews the state of the art of treatment for bone osteosarcoma in the pediatric age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Longhi
- Chemotherapy Surgery of the Musculoskeletal, Oncology Department at Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy.
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Kamstock D, Guth A, Elmslie R, Kurzman I, Liggitt D, Coro L, Fairman J, Dow S. Liposome-DNA complexes infused intravenously inhibit tumor angiogenesis and elicit antitumor activity in dogs with soft tissue sarcoma. Cancer Gene Ther 2006; 13:306-17. [PMID: 16138118 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Intravenous gene delivery using liposome-DNA complexes (LDC) has previously been shown to elicit antitumor activity, but only in rodent tumor models. Therefore, we conducted a study to determine in a large animal spontaneous tumor model whether intravenous infusions of LDC could target gene expression to cutaneous tumor tissues and whether repeated treatments had an effect on tumor growth or angiogenesis. A total of 13 dogs with cutaneous soft tissue sarcomas were enrolled in the study and were randomized to receive a series of 6 weekly infusions of LDC containing either canine endostatin DNA or DNA encoding an irrelevant gene (luciferase). Serial tumor biopsies were obtained to assess transgene expression, tumor microvessel density (MVD), and intratumoral leukocyte inflammatory responses. We found that intravenous infusion of LDC did not result in detectable gene expression in cutaneous tumor tissues. However, two of 13 treated dogs had objective tumor responses and eight dogs had stable disease during the treatment period. In addition, a significant decrease in tumor MVD was noted in six of 12 treated dogs at the completion of six treatments. These results suggest that intravenous infusions of LDC may elicit nonspecific antitumor activity and inhibit tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kamstock
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Ft Collins, 80523, USA
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Ou-Yang F, Lan KL, Chen CT, Liu JC, Weng CL, Chou CK, Xie X, Hung JY, Wei Y, Hortobagyi GN, Hung MC. Endostatin-cytosine deaminase fusion protein suppresses tumor growth by targeting neovascular endothelial cells. Cancer Res 2006; 66:378-84. [PMID: 16397252 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-1578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Endostatin, an angiogenesis inhibitor tested in multiple clinical trials, selectively targets neovascular endothelial cells, suppressing tumor growth. To enhance the therapeutic efficacy of endostatin, we fused endostatin with cytosine deaminase, which converts a prodrug 5-flucytosine into a cytotoxic 5-fluorouracil. This therapeutic strategy was developed based on the observation that the endostatin-green fluorescence protein gene and endostatin-luciferase gene selectively target to endothelial cells in vitro and to the tumor site in vivo, respectively. When we used the endostatin-cytosine deaminase fusion protein to treat s.c. grafted tumors or experimental metastasis tumors, our results showed that endostatin-cytosine deaminase treatment provided stronger tumor growth suppression and increased mean survival time of the mice compared with the treatments of endostatin alone, cytosine deaminase alone, or endostatin plus cytosine deaminase. The endostatin-cytosine deaminase protein significantly inhibited the growth of endothelial cells and preferentially induced tumor cell apoptosis. This endostatin-cytosine deaminase fusion approach opens an avenue for cancer-targeting therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Ou-Yang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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Dickson PV, Nathwani AC, Davidoff AM. Delivery of antiangiogenic agents for cancer gene therapy. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2005; 4:331-41. [PMID: 16029054 DOI: 10.1177/153303460500400403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The understanding that tumor growth and metastasis are angiogenesis dependent processes has led to interest in targeting tumor vasculature in anticancer therapy. Furthermore, recent insights into the molecular interactions that orchestrate physiologic and pathologic angiogenesis have resulted in a variety of antiangiogenic strategies. A gene therapy-mediated approach for the delivery of antiangiogenic agents has several advantages, including the potential for sustained expression. However, the choice of angiogenesis inhibitor, method of gene delivery, and target/site for transgene expression are important variables to be considered when designing this approach. Here we review the major alternatives within each of these categories and provide illustrative examples of their use in preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paxton V Dickson
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, and the Department of Surgery, The University of Tennessee-Memphis, Health Science Center, TN 38163, USA
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Monteil J, Dutour A, Akla B, Chianéa T, Le Brun V, Grossin L, Paraf F, Petegnief Y, Vandroux JC, Rigaud M, Sturtz FG. In Vivo Follow-up of Rat Tumor Models with 2-Deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-d-glucose/Dual-Head Coincidence Gamma Camera Imaging. Mol Imaging Biol 2005; 7:220-8. [PMID: 15912426 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-005-4115-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Before studying the impact of 2-deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) imaging with a dual-head coincidence gamma camera (DHC) for the follow-up of animal tumor models, we wanted to optimize this technique. METHODS Three different animal tumor models (osteosarcoma, melanoma, and breast cancer) were studied after FDG injection. Dynamic and dual time point FDG/DHC imaging were studied from one hour to five hours postinjection. In vitro tumor cell FDG uptake was assessed in eight different tumor cell lines. In one model (osteosarcoma), tumor growth, lung metastasis emergence, and survival were assessed by classical clinical follow-up and compared to FDG imaging in a control group (n = 6) and in a group treated by endostatin liposome complexes (n = 6). RESULTS Images obtained five hours after injection were more reliable for tumor growth follow-up than standard images (one hour). In vitro tumor cell FDG uptake confirmed in vivo imaging studies. In eight different tumor cell lines the FDG uptake was higher after five hours incubation than after one hour (p < 0.002). With FDG follow-up, we found that FDG uptake was strongly correlated with survival and that lung metastasis larger than 5 mm could be detected. CONCLUSION Using the optimization proposed above, DHC/FDG functional imaging seems to be a powerful tool to study rat tumor models and to help develop novel cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Monteil
- Service de Médecine Nucléaire, CHU Dupuytren, 2 Avenue Martin Luther-King, 87042, Limoges Cedex, France.
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