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Al-Saadi J, Waldén M, Sandell M, Sohlmér J, Grankvist R, Friberger I, Andersson A, Carlsten M, Chien K, Lundberg J, Witman N, Holmin S. Endovascular transplantation of mRNA-enhanced mesenchymal stromal cells results in superior therapeutic protein expression in swine heart. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2024; 32:101225. [PMID: 38516693 PMCID: PMC10950887 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2024.101225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure has a poor prognosis and no curative treatment exists. Clinical trials are investigating gene- and cell-based therapies to improve cardiac function. The safe and efficient delivery of these therapies to solid organs is challenging. Herein, we demonstrate the feasibility of using an endovascular intramyocardial delivery approach to safely administer mRNA drug products and perform cell transplantation procedures in swine. Using a trans-vessel wall (TW) device, we delivered chemically modified mRNAs (modRNA) and mRNA-enhanced mesenchymal stromal cells expressing vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) directly to the heart. We monitored and mapped the cellular distribution, protein expression, and safety tolerability of such an approach. The delivery of modRNA-enhanced cells via the TW device with different flow rates and cell concentrations marginally affect cell viability and protein expression in situ. Implanted cells were found within the myocardium for at least 3 days following administration, without the use of immunomodulation and minimal impact on tissue integrity. Finally, we could increase the protein expression of VEGF-A over 500-fold in the heart using a cell-mediated modRNA delivery system compared with modRNA delivered in saline solution. Ultimately, this method paves the way for future research to pioneer new treatments for cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Al-Saadi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
- MedTechLabs, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathias Waldén
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Sandell
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
- MedTechLabs, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Malvinas väg 10, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Sohlmér
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Solnavägen 9, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rikard Grankvist
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ida Friberger
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agneta Andersson
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Carlsten
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Cell Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation, Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kenneth Chien
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Solnavägen 9, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Lundberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
- MedTechLabs, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nevin Witman
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Staffan Holmin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
- MedTechLabs, Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Soroudi S, Jaafari MR, Arabi L. Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) mediated mRNA delivery in cardiovascular diseases: Advances in genome editing and CAR T cell therapy. J Control Release 2024; 372:S0168-3659(24)00371-7. [PMID: 38876358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of global mortality among non-communicable diseases. Current cardiac regeneration treatments have limitations and may lead to adverse reactions. Hence, innovative technologies are needed to address these shortcomings. Messenger RNA (mRNA) emerges as a promising therapeutic agent due to its versatility in encoding therapeutic proteins and targeting "undruggable" conditions. It offers low toxicity, high transfection efficiency, and controlled protein production without genome insertion or mutagenesis risk. However, mRNA faces challenges such as immunogenicity, instability, and difficulty in cellular entry and endosomal escape, hindering its clinical application. To overcome these hurdles, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), notably used in COVID-19 vaccines, have a great potential to deliver mRNA therapeutics for CVDs. This review highlights recent progress in mRNA-LNP therapies for CVDs, including Myocardial Infarction (MI), Heart Failure (HF), and hypercholesterolemia. In addition, LNP-mediated mRNA delivery for CAR T-cell therapy and CRISPR/Cas genome editing in CVDs and the related clinical trials are explored. To enhance the efficiency, safety, and clinical translation of mRNA-LNPs, advanced technologies like artificial intelligence (AGILE platform) in RNA structure design, and optimization of LNP formulation could be integrated. We conclude that the strategies to facilitate the extra-hepatic delivery and targeted organ tropism of mRNA-LNPs (SORT, ASSET, SMRT, and barcoded LNPs) hold great prospects to accelerate the development and translation of mRNA-LNPs in CVD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setareh Soroudi
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Leila Arabi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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3
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Wolfson DW, Kim NK, Lee KH, Beyersdorf JP, Langberg JJ, Fernandez N, Choi D, Zureick N, Kim TY, Bae S, Gu JM, Kirschman JL, Fan J, Sheng CY, Gottlieb Sen D, Mettler B, Sung JH, Yoon YS, Park SJ, Santangelo PJ, Cho HC. Transient pacing in pigs with complete heart block via myocardial injection of mRNA coding for the T-box transcription factor 18. Nat Biomed Eng 2024:10.1038/s41551-024-01211-9. [PMID: 38698155 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-024-01211-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The adenovirus-mediated somatic transfer of the embryonic T-box transcription factor 18 (TBX18) gene can convert chamber cardiomyocytes into induced pacemaker cells. However, the translation of therapeutic TBX18-induced cardiac pacing faces safety challenges. Here we show that the myocardial expression of synthetic TBX18 mRNA in animals generates de novo pacing and limits innate and inflammatory immune responses. In rats, intramyocardially injected mRNA remained localized, whereas direct myocardial injection of an adenovirus carrying a reporter gene resulted in diffuse expression and in substantial spillover to the liver, spleen and lungs. Transient expression of TBX18 mRNA in rats led to de novo automaticity and pacemaker properties and, compared with the injection of adenovirus, to substantial reductions in the expression of inflammatory genes and in activated macrophage populations. In rodent and clinically relevant porcine models of complete heart block, intramyocardially injected TBX18 mRNA provided rate-adaptive cardiac pacing for one month that strongly correlated with the animal's sinus rhythm and physical activity. TBX18 mRNA may aid the development of biological pacemakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Wolfson
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nam Kyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ki Hong Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jared P Beyersdorf
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jonathan J Langberg
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Natasha Fernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dahim Choi
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nadine Zureick
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tae Yun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Seongho Bae
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jin-Mo Gu
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jonathan L Kirschman
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jinqi Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christina Y Sheng
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Danielle Gottlieb Sen
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bret Mettler
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jung Hoon Sung
- Department of Cardiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Young-Sup Yoon
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sung-Jin Park
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Philip J Santangelo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Hee Cheol Cho
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Blalock-Taussig-Thomas Pediatric and Congenital Heart Center, The Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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4
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Gil-Cabrerizo P, Simon-Yarza T, Garbayo E, Blanco-Prieto MJ. Navigating the landscape of RNA delivery systems in cardiovascular disease therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 208:115302. [PMID: 38574952 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) stand as the leading cause of death worldwide, posing a significant global health challenge. Consequently, the development of innovative therapeutic strategies to enhance CVDs treatment is imperative. RNA-based therapies, encompassing non-coding RNAs, mRNA, aptamers, and CRISPR/Cas9 technology, have emerged as promising tools for addressing CVDs. However, inherent challenges associated with RNA, such as poor cellular uptake, susceptibility to RNase degradation, and capture by the reticuloendothelial system, underscore the necessity of combining these therapies with effective drug delivery systems. Various non-viral delivery systems, including extracellular vesicles, lipid-based carriers, polymeric and inorganic nanoparticles, as well as hydrogels, have shown promise in enhancing the efficacy of RNA therapeutics. In this review, we offer an overview of the most relevant RNA-based therapeutic strategies explored for addressing CVDs and emphasize the pivotal role of delivery systems in augmenting their effectiveness. Additionally, we discuss the current status of these therapies and the challenges that hinder their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Gil-Cabrerizo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Teresa Simon-Yarza
- Université Paris Cité, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, INSERM U1148, X. Bichat Hospital, Paris 75018, France
| | - Elisa Garbayo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - María J Blanco-Prieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, C/Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
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5
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Labonia MCI, Estapé Senti M, van der Kraak PH, Brans MAD, Dokter I, Streef TJ, Smits AM, Deshantri AK, de Jager SCA, Schiffelers RM, Sluijter JPG, Vader P. Cardiac delivery of modified mRNA using lipid nanoparticles: Cellular targets and biodistribution after intramyocardial administration. J Control Release 2024; 369:734-745. [PMID: 38604385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Despite research efforts being made towards preserving (or even regenerating) heart tissue after an ischemic event, there is a lack of resources in current clinical treatment modalities for patients with acute myocardial infarction that specifically address cardiac tissue impairment. Modified messenger RNA (modRNA) presents compelling properties that could allow new therapeutic strategies to tackle the underlying molecular pathways that ultimately lead to development of chronic heart failure. However, clinical application of modRNA for the heart is challenged by the lack of effective and safe delivery systems. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) represent a well characterized class of RNA delivery systems, which were recently approved for clinical usage in mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines. In this study, we evaluated the potential of LNPs for cardiac delivery of modRNA. We tested how variations in C12-200 modRNA-LNP composition affect transfection levels and biodistribution after intramyocardial administration in both healthy and myocardial-infarcted mice, and determined the targeted cardiac cell types. Our data revealed that LNP-mediated modRNA delivery outperforms the current state of the art (modRNA in citrate buffer) upon intramyocardial administration in mice, with only minor differences among the formulations tested. Furthermore, we determined both in vitro and in vivo that the cardiac cells targeted by modRNA-LNPs include fibroblasts, endothelial cells and epicardial cells, suggesting that these cell types could represent targets for therapeutic interference with these LNP formulations. These outcomes may serve as a starting point for LNP development specifically for therapeutic mRNA cardiac delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C I Labonia
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, UMC, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M Estapé Senti
- Laboratory of CDL Research, UMC, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - P H van der Kraak
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, UMC, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M A D Brans
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, UMC, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - I Dokter
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, UMC, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - T J Streef
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - A M Smits
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - A K Deshantri
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, UMC, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - S C A de Jager
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, UMC, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - J P G Sluijter
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, UMC, Utrecht, the Netherlands; UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Research Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3508GA, the Netherlands
| | - P Vader
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, UMC, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Laboratory of CDL Research, UMC, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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6
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Khawajakhail R, Khan RU, Gondal MUR, Toru HK, Malik M, Iqbal A, Malik J, Faraz M, Awais M. Advancements in gene therapy approaches for atrial fibrillation: Targeted delivery, mechanistic insights and future prospects. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102431. [PMID: 38309546 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) remains a complex and challenging arrhythmia to treat, necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies. This review explores the evolving landscape of gene therapy for AF, focusing on targeted delivery methods, mechanistic insights, and future prospects. Direct myocardial injection, reversible electroporation, and gene painting techniques are discussed as effective means of delivering therapeutic genes, emphasizing their potential to modulate both structural and electrical aspects of the AF substrate. The importance of identifying precise targets for gene therapy, particularly in the context of AF-associated genetic, structural, and electrical abnormalities, is highlighted. Current studies employing animal models, such as mice and large animals, provide valuable insights into the efficacy and limitations of gene therapy approaches. The significance of imaging methods for detecting atrial fibrosis and guiding targeted gene delivery is underscored. Activation mapping techniques offer a nuanced understanding of AF-specific mechanisms, enabling tailored gene therapy interventions. Future prospects include the integration of advanced imaging, activation mapping, and percutaneous catheter-based techniques to refine transendocardial gene delivery, with potential applications in both ventricular and atrial contexts. As gene therapy for AF progresses, bridging the translational gap between preclinical models and clinical applications is imperative for the successful implementation of these promising approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hamza Khan Toru
- Department of Medicine, King's Mill Hospital, Nottinghamshire, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Malik
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Analytics Group, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Arham Iqbal
- Department of Medicine, Dow International Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Jahanzeb Malik
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Analytics Group, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Maria Faraz
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Analytics Group, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Awais
- Department of Cardiology, Islamic International Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
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7
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Abouleisa RRE, Tang XL, Ou Q, Salama ABM, Woolard A, Hammouri D, Abdelhafez H, Cayton S, Abdulwali SK, Arai M, Sithu ID, Conklin DJ, Bolli R, Mohamed TMA. Gene therapy encoding cell cycle factors to treat chronic ischemic heart failure in rats. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:152-163. [PMID: 38175760 PMCID: PMC10936750 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Gene therapies to induce cardiomyocyte (CM) cell cycle re-entry have shown a potential to treat subacute ischaemic heart failure (IHF) but have not been tested in the more relevant setting of chronic IHF. Our group recently showed that polycistronic non-integrating lentivirus encoding Cdk1/CyclinB1 and Cdk4/CyclinD1 (TNNT2-4Fpolycistronic-NIL) is effective in inducing CM cell cycle re-entry and ameliorating subacute IHF models and preventing the subsequent IHF-induced congestions in the liver, kidneys, and lungs in rats and pigs. Here, we aim to test the long-term efficacy of TNNT2-4Fpolycistronic-NIL in a rat model of chronic IHF, a setting that differs pathophysiologically from subacute IHF and has greater clinical relevance. METHODS AND RESULTS Rats were subjected to a 2-h coronary occlusion followed by reperfusion; 4 weeks later, rats were injected intramyocardially with either TNNT2-4Fpolycistronic-NIL or LacZ-NIL. Four months post-viral injection, TNNT2-4Fpolycistronic-NIL-treated rats showed a significant reduction in scar size and a significant improvement in left ventricular (LV) systolic cardiac function but not in the LV dilatation associated with chronic IHF. A mitosis reporter system developed in our lab showed significant induction of CM mitotic activity in TNNT2-4Fpolycistronic-NIL-treated rats. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates, for the first time, that TNNT2-4Fpolycistronic-NIL gene therapy induces CM cell cycle re-entry in chronic IHF and improves LV function, and that this salubrious effect is sustained for at least 4 months. Given the high prevalence of chronic IHF, these results have significant clinical implications for developing a novel treatment for this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riham R E Abouleisa
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Xian-Liang Tang
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Qinghui Ou
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Abou-Bakr M Salama
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, 872 Shaibet an Nakareyah, Zagazig, Al-Sharqia Governorate 7120001, Egypt
| | - Amie Woolard
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Dana Hammouri
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Hania Abdelhafez
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Sarah Cayton
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Sameeha K Abdulwali
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Interconnection of Al Takhassousi،Al Zahrawi Street, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Momo Arai
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Interconnection of Al Takhassousi،Al Zahrawi Street, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Israel D Sithu
- Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiometabolic Science, Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, KY 40202, USA
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiometabolic Science, Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Roberto Bolli
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Tamer M A Mohamed
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiometabolic Science, Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, 580 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, 872 Shaibet an Nakareyah, Zagazig, Zagazig, Al-Sharqia Governorate 7120001, Egypt
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- Surgery Department, Baylor College of Medicine, 6519 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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8
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Chia SPS, Pang JKS, Soh BS. Current RNA strategies in treating cardiovascular diseases. Mol Ther 2024; 32:580-608. [PMID: 38291757 PMCID: PMC10928165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to impose a significant global health burden, necessitating the exploration of innovative treatment strategies. Ribonucleic acid (RNA)-based therapeutics have emerged as a promising avenue to address the complex molecular mechanisms underlying CVD pathogenesis. We present a comprehensive review of the current state of RNA therapeutics in the context of CVD, focusing on the diverse modalities that bring about transient or permanent modifications by targeting the different stages of the molecular biology central dogma. Considering the immense potential of RNA therapeutics, we have identified common gene targets that could serve as potential interventions for prevalent Mendelian CVD caused by single gene mutations, as well as acquired CVDs developed over time due to various factors. These gene targets offer opportunities to develop RNA-based treatments tailored to specific genetic and molecular pathways, presenting a novel and precise approach to address the complex pathogenesis of both types of cardiovascular conditions. Additionally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities associated with delivery strategies to achieve targeted delivery of RNA therapeutics to the cardiovascular system. This review highlights the immense potential of RNA-based interventions as a novel and precise approach to combat CVD, paving the way for future advancements in cardiovascular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Pei Shan Chia
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Jeremy Kah Sheng Pang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Boon-Seng Soh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore.
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9
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Kishore R, Magadum A. Cell-Specific mRNA Therapeutics for Cardiovascular Diseases and Regeneration. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2024; 11:38. [PMID: 38392252 PMCID: PMC10889436 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd11020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent a significant global health burden, demanding innovative therapeutic approaches. In recent years, mRNA therapeutics have emerged as a promising strategy to combat CVDs effectively. Unlike conventional small-molecule drugs, mRNA therapeutics enable the direct modulation of cellular functions by delivering specific mRNA molecules to target cells. This approach offers unprecedented advantages, including the ability to harness endogenous cellular machinery for protein synthesis, thus allowing precise control over gene expression without insertion into the genome. This review summarizes the current status of the potential of cell-specific mRNA therapeutics in the context of cardiovascular diseases. First, it outlines the challenges associated with traditional CVD treatments and emphasizes the need for targeted therapies. Subsequently, it elucidates the underlying principles of mRNA therapeutics and the development of advanced delivery systems to ensure cell-specificity and enhanced efficacy. Notably, innovative delivery methods such as lipid nanoparticles and exosomes have shown promise in improving the targeted delivery of mRNA to cardiac cells, activated fibroblasts, and other relevant cell types. Furthermore, the review highlights the diverse applications of cell-specific mRNA therapeutics in addressing various aspects of cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and arrhythmias. By modulating key regulatory genes involved in cardiomyocyte proliferation, inflammation, angiogenesis, tissue repair, and cell survival, mRNA therapeutics hold the potential to intervene at multiple stages of CVD pathogenesis. Despite its immense potential, this abstract acknowledges the challenges in translating cell-specific mRNA therapeutics from preclinical studies to clinical applications like off-target effects and delivery. In conclusion, cell-specific mRNA therapeutics have emerged as a revolutionary gene therapy approach for CVD, offering targeted interventions with the potential to significantly improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kishore
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Ajit Magadum
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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10
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Nelson AL, Fontana G, Chubb L, Choe J, Williams K, Regan D, Huard J, Murphy W, Ehrhart N, Bahney C. Mineral coated microparticles doped with fluoride and complexed with mRNA prolong transfection in fracture healing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 11:1295313. [PMID: 38264578 PMCID: PMC10803474 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1295313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Impaired fracture healing, specifically non-union, has been found to occur up to 14% in tibial shaft fractures. The current standard of care to treat non-union often requires additional surgeries which can result in long recovery times. Injectable-based therapies to accelerate fracture healing have the potential to mitigate the need for additional surgeries. Gene therapies have recently undergone significant advancements due to developments in nanotechnology, which improve mRNA stability while reducing immunogenicity. Methods: In this study, we tested the efficacy of mineral coated microparticles (MCM) and fluoride-doped MCM (FMCM) to effectively deliver firefly luciferase (FLuc) mRNA lipoplexes (LPX) to the fracture site. Here, adult mice underwent a tibia fracture and stabilization method and all treatments were locally injected into the fracture. Level of osteogenesis and amount of bone formation were assessed using gene expression and histomorphometry respectively. Localized and systemic inflammation were measured through gene expression, histopathology scoring and measuring C-reactive protein (CRP) in the serum. Lastly, daily IVIS images were taken to track and measure transfection over time. Results: MCM-LPX-FLuc and FMCM-LPX-FLuc were not found to cause any cytotoxic effects when tested in vitro. When measuring the osteogenic potential of each mineral composition, FMCM-LPX-FLuc trended higher in osteogenic markers through qRT-PCR than the other groups tested in a murine fracture and stabilization model. Despite FMCM-LPX-FLuc showing slightly elevated il-1β and il-4 levels in the fracture callus, inflammation scoring of the fracture callus did not result in any differences. Additionally, an acute systemic inflammatory response was not observed in any of the samples tested. The concentration of MCM-LPX-FLuc and FMCM-LPX-FLuc that was used in the murine fracture model did not stimulate bone when analyzed through stereological principles. Transfection efficacy and kinetics of delivery platforms revealed that FMCM-LPX-FLuc prolongs the luciferase signal both in vitro and in vivo. Discussion: These data together reveal that FMCM-LPX-FLuc could serve as a promising mRNA delivery platform for fracture healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Laura Nelson
- Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute (SPRI), Vail, CO, United States
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Gianluca Fontana
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Laura Chubb
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Josh Choe
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Katherine Williams
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Dan Regan
- Department of Microbiology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Johnny Huard
- Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute (SPRI), Vail, CO, United States
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - William Murphy
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Nicole Ehrhart
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Chelsea Bahney
- Center for Regenerative and Personalized Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute (SPRI), Vail, CO, United States
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
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11
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Wang AYL, Chang YC, Chen KH, Loh CYY. Potential Application of Modified mRNA in Cardiac Regeneration. Cell Transplant 2024; 33:9636897241248956. [PMID: 38715279 PMCID: PMC11080755 DOI: 10.1177/09636897241248956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart failure remains the leading cause of human death worldwide. After a heart attack, the formation of scar tissue due to the massive death of cardiomyocytes leads to heart failure and sudden death in most cases. In addition, the regenerative ability of the adult heart is limited after injury, partly due to cell-cycle arrest in cardiomyocytes. In the current post-COVID-19 era, urgently authorized modified mRNA (modRNA) vaccines have been widely used to prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Therefore, modRNA-based protein replacement may act as an alternative strategy for improving heart disease. It is a safe, effective, transient, low-immunogenic, and integration-free strategy for in vivo protein expression, in addition to recombinant protein and stem-cell regenerative therapies. In this review, we provide a summary of various cardiac factors that have been utilized with the modRNA method to enhance cardiovascular regeneration, cardiomyocyte proliferation, fibrosis inhibition, and apoptosis inhibition. We further discuss other cardiac factors, modRNA delivery methods, and injection methods using the modRNA approach to explore their application potential in heart disease. Factors for promoting cardiomyocyte proliferation such as a cocktail of three genes comprising FoxM1, Id1, and Jnk3-shRNA (FIJs), gp130, and melatonin have potential to be applied in the modRNA approach. We also discuss the current challenges with respect to modRNA-based cardiac regenerative medicine that need to be overcome to apply this approach to heart disease. This review provides a short description for investigators interested in the development of alternative cardiac regenerative medicines using the modRNA platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Yen Ling Wang
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ching Chang
- Department of Health Industry Technology Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hung Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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12
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Zeng Y, Estapé Senti M, Labonia MCI, Papadopoulou P, Brans MAD, Dokter I, Fens MH, van Mil A, Sluijter JPG, Schiffelers RM, Vader P, Kros A. Fusogenic Coiled-Coil Peptides Enhance Lipid Nanoparticle-Mediated mRNA Delivery upon Intramyocardial Administration. ACS NANO 2023; 17:23466-23477. [PMID: 37982378 PMCID: PMC10722601 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is a serious condition that results from the extensive loss of specialized cardiac muscle cells called cardiomyocytes (CMs), typically caused by myocardial infarction (MI). Messenger RNA (mRNA) therapeutics are emerging as a very promising gene medicine for regenerative cardiac therapy. To date, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) represent the most clinically advanced mRNA delivery platform. Yet, their delivery efficiency has been limited by their endosomal entrapment after endocytosis. Previously, we demonstrated that a pair of complementary coiled-coil peptides (CPE4/CPK4) triggered efficient fusion between liposomes and cells, bypassing endosomal entrapment and resulting in efficient drug delivery. Here, we modified mRNA-LNPs with the fusogenic coiled-coil peptides and demonstrated efficient mRNA delivery to difficult-to-transfect induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs). As proof of in vivo applicability of these fusogenic LNPs, local administration via intramyocardial injection led to significantly enhanced mRNA delivery and concomitant protein expression. This represents the successful application of the fusogenic coiled-coil peptides to improve mRNA-LNPs transfection in the heart and provides the potential for the advanced development of effective regenerative therapies for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zeng
- Department
of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of
Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mariona Estapé Senti
- CDL
Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M. Clara I. Labonia
- Department
of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Panagiota Papadopoulou
- Department
of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of
Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maike A. D. Brans
- Department
of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Dokter
- Department
of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative
Medicine Center Utrecht, University Utrecht,
University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel H. Fens
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alain van Mil
- Department
of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative
Medicine Center Utrecht, University Utrecht,
University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost P. G. Sluijter
- Department
of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative
Medicine Center Utrecht, University Utrecht,
University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Pieter Vader
- CDL
Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department
of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Kros
- Department
of Supramolecular & Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of
Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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13
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Antony JS, Birrer P, Bohnert C, Zimmerli S, Hillmann P, Schaffhauser H, Hoeflich C, Hoeflich A, Khairallah R, Satoh AT, Kappeler I, Ferreira I, Zuideveld KP, Metzger F. Local application of engineered insulin-like growth factor I mRNA demonstrates regenerative therapeutic potential in vivo. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 34:102055. [PMID: 37928443 PMCID: PMC10622308 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.102055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is a growth-promoting anabolic hormone that fosters cell growth and tissue homeostasis. IGF-I deficiency is associated with several diseases, including growth disorders and neurological and musculoskeletal diseases due to impaired regeneration. Despite the vast regenerative potential of IGF-I, its unfavorable pharmacokinetic profile has prevented it from being used therapeutically. In this study, we resolved these challenges by the local administration of IGF-I mRNA, which ensures desirable homeostatic kinetics and non-systemic, local dose-dependent expression of IGF-I protein. Furthermore, IGF-I mRNA constructs were sequence engineered with heterologous signal peptides, which improved in vitro protein secretion (2- to 6-fold) and accelerated in vivo functional regeneration (16-fold) over endogenous IGF-I mRNA. The regenerative potential of engineered IGF-I mRNA was validated in a mouse myotoxic muscle injury and rabbit spinal disc herniation models. Engineered IGF-I mRNA had a half-life of 17-25 h in muscle tissue and showed dose-dependent expression of IGF-I over 2-3 days. Animal models confirm that locally administered IGF-I mRNA remained at the site of injection, contributing to the safety profile of mRNA-based treatment in regenerative medicine. In summary, we demonstrate that engineered IGF-I mRNA holds therapeutic potential with high clinical translatability in different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sina Zimmerli
- Versameb AG, Technology Park, 4057 Basel, Switzerland
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14
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Youssef M, Hitti C, Puppin Chaves Fulber J, Kamen AA. Enabling mRNA Therapeutics: Current Landscape and Challenges in Manufacturing. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1497. [PMID: 37892179 PMCID: PMC10604719 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances and discoveries in the structure and role of mRNA as well as novel lipid-based delivery modalities have enabled the advancement of mRNA therapeutics into the clinical trial space. The manufacturing of these products is relatively simple and eliminates many of the challenges associated with cell culture production of viral delivery systems for gene and cell therapy applications, allowing rapid production of mRNA for personalized treatments, cancer therapies, protein replacement and gene editing. The success of mRNA vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the immense potential of this technology as a vaccination platform, but there are still particular challenges to establish mRNA as a widespread therapeutic tool. Immunostimulatory byproducts can pose a barrier for chronic treatments and different production scales may need to be considered for these applications. Moreover, long-term storage of mRNA products is notoriously difficult. This review provides a detailed overview of the manufacturing steps for mRNA therapeutics, including sequence design, DNA template preparation, mRNA production and formulation, while identifying the challenges remaining in the dose requirements, long-term storage and immunotolerance of the product.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amine A. Kamen
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada; (M.Y.); (C.H.); (J.P.C.F.)
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15
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Huang C, Jia J, Jin K, Zou Y, Tan S, Lu J, Zhu Y, Lin J, Dai Y, Gong H. Optimization of Strategy for Modified mRNA Inducing Cardiac-Specific Expression in Mice. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2023; 16:1078-1084. [PMID: 37155138 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10392-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-coated-modified RNA(modRNA) has been developed for enhancing the stability of modRNA, but it tends to accumulate in liver. The current study aimed to optimize strategy for increasing cardiac expression efficiency of modRNA. We synthesized Luciferase (Luc)-modRNA, and also developed 122Luc modRNA, a liver silencing Luc modRNA. Intramyocardial injection of naked Luc modRNA induced high bioluminescence signal in heart, but very low in other organs including liver. Luc modRNA-LNP injection showed the signal was increased by 5 folds in the heart and by 15,000 folds in the liver, compared to naked Luc modRNA group. In comparison with Luc modRNA-LNP group, the liver signal was decreased to 0.17%, while cardiac signal showed a slight drop by intramyocardial injection of 122Luc-modRNA-LNP. Our data revealed that intramyocardial injection of naked modRNA could effectively induced cardiac-specific expression. For cardiac delivery of Luc modRNA-LNP, 122modRNA-LNP enhances specificity of cardiac expression by abolishing liver signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxing Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jianguo Jia
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Kejia Jin
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan Zou
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shudan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Shanghai RNACure Biopharma Co., 200438, Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Yizhun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Jinzhong Lin
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yuxiang Dai
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Medical College and Zhongshan Hospital Immunotherapy Translational Research Center, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Hui Gong
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Medical College and Zhongshan Hospital Immunotherapy Translational Research Center, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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16
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Sun J, Wang L, Matthews RC, Walcott GP, Yu-An L, Wei Y, Zhou Y, Zangi L, Zhang J. CCND2 Modified mRNA Activates Cell Cycle of Cardiomyocytes in Hearts With Myocardial Infarction in Mice and Pigs. Circ Res 2023; 133:484-504. [PMID: 37565345 PMCID: PMC10529295 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.322929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experiments in mammalian models of cardiac injury suggest that the cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of CCND2 (cyclin D2, in humans) improves recovery from myocardial infarction (MI). The primary objective of this investigation was to demonstrate that our specific modified mRNA translation system (SMRTs) can induce CCND2 expression in cardiomyocytes and replicate the benefits observed in other studies of cardiomyocyte-specific CCND2 overexpression for myocardial repair. METHODS The CCND2-cardiomyocyte-specific modified mRNA translation system (cardiomyocyte SMRTs) consists of 2 modRNA constructs: one codes for CCND2 and contains a binding site for L7Ae, and the other codes for L7Ae and contains recognition elements for the cardiomyocyte-specific microRNAs miR-1 and miR-208. Thus, L7Ae suppresses CCND2 translation in noncardiomyocytes but is itself suppressed by endogenous miR-1 and -208 in cardiomyocytes, thereby facilitating cardiomyocyte-specific CCND2 expression. Experiments were conducted in both mouse and pig models of MI, and control assessments were performed in animals treated with an SMRTs coding for the cardiomyocyte-specific expression of luciferase or green fluorescent protein (GFP), in animals treated with L7Ae modRNA alone or with the delivery vehicle, and in Sham-operated animals. RESULTS CCND2 was abundantly expressed in cultured, postmitotic cardiomyocytes 2 days after transfection with the CCND2-cardiomyocyte SMRTs, and the increase was accompanied by the upregulation of markers for cell-cycle activation and proliferation (eg, Ki67 and Aurora B kinase). When the GFP-cardiomyocyte SMRTs were intramyocardially injected into infarcted mouse hearts, the GFP signal was observed in cardiomyocytes but no other cell type. In both MI models, cardiomyocyte proliferation (on day 7 and day 3 after treatment administration in mice and pigs, respectively) was significantly greater, left-ventricular ejection fractions (days 7 and 28 in mice, days 10 and 28 in pigs) were significantly higher, and infarcts (day 28 in both species) were significantly smaller in animals treated with the CCND2-cardiomyocyte SMRTs than in any other group that underwent MI induction. CONCLUSIONS Intramyocardial injections of the CCND2-cardiomyocyte SMRTs promoted cardiomyocyte proliferation, reduced infarct size, and improved cardiac performance in small and large mammalian hearts with MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Rachel C. Matthews
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Gregory P. Walcott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Lu Yu-An
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Yuhua Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Lior Zangi
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
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Żak MM, Kaur K, Yoo J, Kurian AA, Adjmi M, Mainkar G, Yoon S, Zangi L. Modified mRNA Formulation and Stability for Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2176. [PMID: 37765147 PMCID: PMC10535735 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Directly injecting naked or lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated modified mRNA (modRNA) allows rapid and efficient protein expression. This non-viral technology has been used successfully in modRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. The main challenges in using modRNA vaccines were the initial requirement for an ultra-cold storage to preserve their integrity and concerns regarding unwanted side effects from this new technology. Here, we showed that naked modRNA maintains its integrity when stored up to 7 days at 4 °C, and LNP-encapsulated modRNA for up to 7 days at room temperature. Naked modRNA is predominantly expressed at the site of injection when delivered into cardiac or skeletal muscle. In comparison, LNP-encapsulated modRNA granted superior protein expression but also additional protein expression beyond the cardiac or skeletal muscle injection site. To overcome this challenge, we developed a skeletal-muscle-specific modRNA translation system (skeletal muscle SMRTs) for LNP-encapsulated modRNA. This system allows controlled protein translation predominantly at the site of injection to prevent potentially detrimental leakage and expression in major organs. Our study revealed the potential of the SMRTs platform for controlled expression of mRNA payload delivered intramuscularly. To conclude, our SMRTs platform for LNP-encapsulated modRNA can provide safe, stable, efficient and targeted gene expression at the site of injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena M Żak
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Keerat Kaur
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jimeen Yoo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ann Anu Kurian
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Matthew Adjmi
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Gayatri Mainkar
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Seonghun Yoon
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lior Zangi
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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18
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Periyasamy K, Maloverjan M, Biswas A, Remm A, Pook M, Rebane A, Pooga M. PepFect14 mediates the delivery of mRNA into human primary keratinocytes and in vivo. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1219761. [PMID: 37521463 PMCID: PMC10374019 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1219761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
mRNA-based vaccines and candidate therapeutics have great potential in various medical fields. For the delivery of mRNA into target cells and tissues, lipid formulations are often employed. However, this approach could cause the activation of immune responses, making it unsuitable for the treatment of inflammatory conditions. Therefore, alternative delivery systems are highly demanded. In this study, we evaluated the transport efficiency and characteristics of cell-penetrating peptide PepFect14 (PF14) and mRNA nanoparticles in the presence of different additives. Our results show that all PF14-mRNA formulations entered cultured cells, while calcium chloride enhanced the transport and production of the encoded protein in HeLa and HaCaT cell lines, and polysorbate 80 did so in primary human keratinocytes. All formulations had similar physical properties and did not remarkably affect cell viability. By selectively blocking endocytosis pathways, we show that PF14-mRNA nanoparticles primarily entered HeLa cells via macropinocytosis and HaCaT cells via both macropinocytosis and clathrin-mediated endocytosis, while none of the blockers significantly affected the delivery into primary keratinocytes. Finally, subcutaneous injection of PF14-mRNA nanoparticles before inducing mouse irritant contact dermatitis resulted in the expression of a reporter protein without provoking harmful immune responses in the skin. Together, our findings suggest that PF14-mRNA nanoparticles have the potential for developing mRNA-based therapeutics for treating inflammatory skin conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapilraj Periyasamy
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Abhijit Biswas
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anu Remm
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Martin Pook
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ana Rebane
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Margus Pooga
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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19
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Aviña AE, De Paz D, Huang SC, Chen KH, Chang YC, Lee CM, Lin CH, Wei FC, Wang AYL. IL-10 modified mRNA monotherapy prolongs survival after composite facial allografting through the induction of mixed chimerism. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 31:610-627. [PMID: 36910717 PMCID: PMC9996371 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Vascularized composite allotransplantation has great potential in face transplantation by supporting functional restoration following tissue grafting. However, the need for lifelong administration of immunosuppressive drugs still limits its wide use. Modified mRNA (modRNA) technology provides an efficient and safe method to directly produce protein in vivo. Nevertheless, the use of IL-10 modRNA-based protein replacement, which exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, has not been shown to prolong composite facial allograft survival. In this study, IL-10 modRNA was demonstrated to produce functional IL-10 protein in vitro, which inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines and in vivo formation of an anti-inflammatory environments. We found that without any immunosuppression, C57BL/6J mice with fully major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-mismatched facial allografts and local injection of IL-10 modRNA had a significantly prolonged survival rate. Decreased lymphocyte infiltration and pro-inflammatory T helper 1 subsets and increased anti-inflammatory regulatory T cells (Tregs) were seen in IL-10 modRNA-treated mice. Moreover, IL-10 modRNA induced multilineage chimerism, especially the development of donor Treg chimerism, which protected allografts from destruction because of recipient alloimmunity. These results support the use of monotherapy based on immunomodulatory IL-10 cytokines encoded by modRNA, which inhibit acute rejection and prolong allograft survival through the induction of donor Treg chimerism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Elena Aviña
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Clinical Fellow, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Chang Gung University and Medical College, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Dante De Paz
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Department of Plastic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Police Hospital, Lima 15072, Peru
| | - Shu-Chun Huang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, New Taipei Municipal Tucheng Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, New Taipei 236, Taiwan.,Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hung Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ching Chang
- Department of Health Industry Technology Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Ming Lee
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsien Lin
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chan Wei
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,Department of Plastic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Aline Yen Ling Wang
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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20
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Wang Y, Wu M, Guo H. Modified mRNA as a Treatment for Myocardial Infarction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054737. [PMID: 36902165 PMCID: PMC10003380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a severe disease with high mortality worldwide. However, regenerative approaches remain limited and with poor efficacy. The major difficulty during MI is the substantial loss of cardiomyocytes (CMs) with limited capacity to regenerate. As a result, for decades, researchers have been engaged in developing useful therapies for myocardial regeneration. Gene therapy is an emerging approach for promoting myocardial regeneration. Modified mRNA (modRNA) is a highly potential delivery vector for gene transfer with its properties of efficiency, non-immunogenicity, transiency, and relative safety. Here, we discuss the optimization of modRNA-based therapy, including gene modification and delivery vectors of modRNA. Moreover, the effective of modRNA in animal MI treatment is also discussed. We conclude that modRNA-based therapy with appropriate therapeutical genes can potentially treat MI by directly promoting proliferation and differentiation, inhibiting apoptosis of CMs, as well as enhancing paracrine effects in terms of promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting fibrosis in heart milieu. Finally, we summarize the current challenges of modRNA-based cardiac treatment and look forward to the future direction of such treatment for MI. Further advanced clinical trials incorporating more MI patients should be conducted in order for modRNA therapy to become practical and feasible in real-world treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Meiping Wu
- Science and Technology Department, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Correspondence: (M.W.); (H.G.)
| | - Haidong Guo
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Correspondence: (M.W.); (H.G.)
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21
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Safe and Effective Delivery of mRNA Using Modified PEI-Based Lipopolymers. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020410. [PMID: 36839732 PMCID: PMC9967631 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemically modified mRNA (modRNA) has proven to be a versatile tool for the treatment of various cancers and infectious diseases due to recent technological advancements. However, a safe and effective delivery system to overcome the complex extracellular and intracellular barriers is required in order to achieve higher therapeutic efficacy and broaden clinical applications. Here, we explored All-Fect and Leu-Fect C as novel transfection reagents derived from lipopolymers, which demonstrated excellent biocompatibility, efficient delivery capabilities, and a robust ability to escape the lysosomes. These properties directly increase mRNA stability by preventing mRNA degradation by nucleases and simultaneously promote efficient gene translation in vitro and in vivo. The modRNA delivered with lipopolymer vectors sustained effective transfection in mouse hearts following direct intramyocardial injection, as well as in major organs (liver and spleen) after systemic administration. No observable immune reactions or systemic toxicity were detected following the systemic administration of lipopolymer-mRNA complexes to additional solid organs. This study identified commercial reagents for the effective delivery of modRNA and may help facilitate the advancement of gene-based interventions involving the safe and effective delivery of nucleic acid drug substances.
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22
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Iacomino G. miRNAs: The Road from Bench to Bedside. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020314. [PMID: 36833241 PMCID: PMC9957002 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that control gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. It has been recognised that miRNA dysregulation reflects the state and function of cells and tissues, contributing to their dysfunction. The identification of hundreds of extracellular miRNAs in biological fluids has underscored their potential in the field of biomarker research. In addition, the therapeutic potential of miRNAs is receiving increasing attention in numerous conditions. On the other hand, many operative problems including stability, delivery systems, and bioavailability, still need to be solved. In this dynamic field, biopharmaceutical companies are increasingly engaged, and ongoing clinical trials point to anti-miR and miR-mimic molecules as an innovative class of molecules for upcoming therapeutic applications. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of current knowledge on several pending issues and new opportunities offered by miRNAs in the treatment of diseases and as early diagnostic tools in next-generation medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Iacomino
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Via Roma, 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy
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23
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Vavilis T, Stamoula E, Ainatzoglou A, Sachinidis A, Lamprinou M, Dardalas I, Vizirianakis IS. mRNA in the Context of Protein Replacement Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010166. [PMID: 36678793 PMCID: PMC9866414 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein replacement therapy is an umbrella term used for medical treatments that aim to substitute or replenish specific protein deficiencies that result either from the protein being absent or non-functional due to mutations in affected patients. Traditionally, such an approach requires a well characterized but arduous and expensive protein production procedure that employs in vitro expression and translation of the pharmaceutical protein in host cells, followed by extensive purification steps. In the wake of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, mRNA-based pharmaceuticals were recruited to achieve rapid in vivo production of antigens, proving that the in vivo translation of exogenously administered mRNA is nowadays a viable therapeutic option. In addition, the urgency of the situation and worldwide demand for mRNA-based medicine has led to an evolution in relevant technologies, such as in vitro transcription and nanolipid carriers. In this review, we present preclinical and clinical applications of mRNA as a tool for protein replacement therapy, alongside with information pertaining to the manufacture of modified mRNA through in vitro transcription, carriers employed for its intracellular delivery and critical quality attributes pertaining to the finished product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theofanis Vavilis
- Laboratory of Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Dentistry, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
- Correspondence:
| | - Eleni Stamoula
- Centre of Systems Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexandra Ainatzoglou
- Centre of Systems Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasios Sachinidis
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Malamatenia Lamprinou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Dardalas
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis S. Vizirianakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Life & Health Sciences, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 1700, Cyprus
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24
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Sanchez L, Mesquita T, Zhang R, Liao K, Rogers R, Lin YN, Miguel-dos-Santos R, Akhmerov A, Li L, Nawaz A, Holm K, Marbán E, Cingolani E. MicroRNA-dependent suppression of biological pacemaker activity induced by TBX18. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100871. [PMID: 36543116 PMCID: PMC9798022 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chemically modified mRNA (CMmRNA) with selectively altered nucleotides are used to deliver transgenes, but translation efficiency is variable. We have transfected CMmRNA encoding human T-box transcription factor 18 (CMmTBX18) into heart cells or the left ventricle of rats with atrioventricular block. TBX18 protein expression from CMmTBX18 is weak and transient, but Acriflavine, an Argonaute 2 inhibitor, boosts TBX18 levels. Small RNA sequencing identified two upregulated microRNAs (miRs) in CMmTBX18-transfected cells. Co-administration of miR-1-3p and miR-1b antagomiRs with CMmTBX18 prolongs TBX18 expression in vitro and in vivo and is sufficient to generate electrical stimuli capable of pacing the heart. Different suppressive miRs likewise limit the expression of VEGF-A CMmRNA. Cells therefore resist translation of CMmRNA therapeutic transgenes by upregulating suppressive miRs. Blockade of suppressive miRs enhances CMmRNA expression of genes driving biological pacing or angiogenesis. Such counterstrategies constitute an approach to boost the efficacy and efficiency of CMmRNA therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizbeth Sanchez
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S San Vicente Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Thassio Mesquita
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S San Vicente Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S San Vicente Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Ke Liao
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S San Vicente Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Russell Rogers
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S San Vicente Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Yen-Nien Lin
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S San Vicente Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Rodrigo Miguel-dos-Santos
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S San Vicente Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Akbarshakh Akhmerov
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S San Vicente Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Liang Li
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S San Vicente Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Asma Nawaz
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S San Vicente Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Kevin Holm
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S San Vicente Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Eduardo Marbán
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S San Vicente Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Eugenio Cingolani
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S San Vicente Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA,Corresponding author
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25
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Magadum A. Modified mRNA Therapeutics for Heart Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415514. [PMID: 36555159 PMCID: PMC9779737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain a substantial global health problem and the leading cause of death worldwide. Although many conventional small-molecule treatments are available to support the cardiac function of the patient with CVD, they are not effective as a cure. Among potential targets for gene therapy are severe cardiac and peripheral ischemia, heart failure, vein graft failure, and some forms of dyslipidemias. In the last three decades, multiple gene therapy tools have been used for heart diseases caused by proteins, plasmids, adenovirus, and adeno-associated viruses (AAV), but these remain as unmet clinical needs. These gene therapy methods are ineffective due to poor and uncontrolled gene expression, low stability, immunogenicity, and transfection efficiency. The synthetic modified mRNA (modRNA) presents a novel gene therapy approach which provides a transient, stable, safe, non-immunogenic, controlled mRNA delivery to the heart tissue without any risk of genomic integration, and achieves a therapeutic effect in different organs, including the heart. The mRNA translation starts in minutes, and remains stable for 8-10 days (pulse-like kinetics). The pulse-like expression of modRNA in the heart induces cardiac repair, cardiomyocyte proliferation and survival, and inhibits cardiomyocyte apoptosis post-myocardial infarction (MI). Cell-specific (cardiomyocyte) modRNA translation developments established cell-specific modRNA therapeutics for heart diseases. With these laudable characteristics, combined with its expression kinetics in the heart, modRNA has become an attractive therapeutic for the treatment of CVD. This review discusses new developments in modRNA therapy for heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Magadum
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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26
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Nelson AL, Fontana G, Miclau E, Rongstad M, Murphy W, Huard J, Ehrhart N, Bahney C. Therapeutic approaches to activate the canonical Wnt pathway for bone regeneration. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 16:961-976. [PMID: 36112528 PMCID: PMC9826348 DOI: 10.1002/term.3349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the canonical Wingless-related integration site (Wnt) pathway has been shown to increase bone formation and therefore has therapeutic potential for use in orthopedic conditions. However, attempts at developing an effective strategy to achieve Wnt activation has been met with several challenges. The inherent hydrophobicity of Wnt ligands makes isolating and purifying the protein difficult. To circumvent these challenges, many have sought to target extracellular inhibitors of the Wnt pathway, such as Wnt signaling pathway inhibitors Sclerostin and Dickkopf-1, or to use small molecules, ions and proteins to increase target Wnt genes. Here, we review systemic and localized bioactive approaches to enhance bone formation or improve bone repair through antibody-based therapeutics, synthetic Wnt surrogates and scaffold doping to target canonical Wnt. We conclude with a brief review of emerging technologies, such as mRNA therapy and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats technology, which serve as promising approaches for future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Laura Nelson
- Center for Regenerative and Personalized MedicineSteadman Philippon Research Institute (SPRI)VailColoradoUSA,School of Biomedical EngineeringColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - GianLuca Fontana
- Department of Orthopedics and RehabilitationUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Elizabeth Miclau
- Center for Regenerative and Personalized MedicineSteadman Philippon Research Institute (SPRI)VailColoradoUSA
| | - Mallory Rongstad
- Department of Orthopedics and RehabilitationUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - William Murphy
- Department of Orthopedics and RehabilitationUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA,Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Johnny Huard
- Center for Regenerative and Personalized MedicineSteadman Philippon Research Institute (SPRI)VailColoradoUSA,Department of Clinical SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Nicole Ehrhart
- School of Biomedical EngineeringColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA,Department of Clinical SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Chelsea Bahney
- Center for Regenerative and Personalized MedicineSteadman Philippon Research Institute (SPRI)VailColoradoUSA,School of Biomedical EngineeringColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA,Department of Clinical SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA,Orthopaedic Trauma InstituteUniversity of California, San Francisco (UCSF)San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
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27
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Andrée L, Oude Egberink R, Dodemont J, Hassani Besheli N, Yang F, Brock R, Leeuwenburgh SCG. Gelatin Nanoparticles for Complexation and Enhanced Cellular Delivery of mRNA. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3423. [PMID: 36234551 PMCID: PMC9565693 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is increasingly gaining interest as a modality in vaccination and protein replacement therapy. In regenerative medicine, the mRNA-mediated expression of growth factors has shown promising results. In contrast to protein delivery, successful mRNA delivery requires a vector to induce cellular uptake and subsequent endosomal escape to reach its end destination, the ribosome. Current non-viral vectors such as lipid- or polymer-based nanoparticles have been successfully used to express mRNA-encoded proteins. However, to advance the use of mRNA in regenerative medicine, it is required to assess the compatibility of mRNA with biomaterials that are typically applied in this field. Herein, we investigated the complexation, cellular uptake and maintenance of the integrity of mRNA complexed with gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs). To this end, GNPs with positive, neutral or negative surface charge were synthesized to assess their ability to bind and transport mRNA into cells. Positively charged GNPs exhibited the highest binding affinity and transported substantial amounts of mRNA into pre-osteoblastic cells, as assessed by confocal microscopy using fluorescently labeled mRNA. Furthermore, the GNP-bound mRNA remained stable. However, no expression of mRNA-encoded protein was detected, which is likely related to insufficient endosomal escape and/or mRNA release from the GNPs. Our results indicate that gelatin-based nanomaterials interact with mRNA in a charge-dependent manner and also mediate cellular uptake. These results create the basis for the incorporation of further functionality to yield endosomal release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Andrée
- Department of Dentistry—Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rik Oude Egberink
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Josephine Dodemont
- Department of Dentistry—Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Negar Hassani Besheli
- Department of Dentistry—Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Dentistry—Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roland Brock
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 329, Bahrain
| | - Sander C. G. Leeuwenburgh
- Department of Dentistry—Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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28
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Zadory M, Lopez E, Babity S, Gravel SP, Brambilla D. Current knowledge on the tissue distribution of mRNA nanocarriers for therapeutic protein expression. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:6077-6115. [PMID: 36097955 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00859a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Exogenously delivered mRNA-based drugs are emerging as a new class of therapeutics with the potential to treat several diseases. Over the last decade, advancements in the design of non-viral delivery tools have enabled mRNA to be evaluated for several therapeutic purposes including protein replacement therapies, gene editing, and vaccines. However, in vivo delivery of mRNA to targeted organs and cells remains a critical challenge. Evaluation of the biodistribution of mRNA vehicles is of utmost importance for the development of effective pharmaceutical candidates. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in the design of nanoparticles loaded with mRNA and extrapolate the key factors influencing their biodistribution following administration. Finally, we highlight the latest developments in the preclinical and clinical translation of mRNA therapeutics for protein supplementation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Zadory
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, 2940 Chemin de Polytechnique, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3T 1J4.
| | - Elliot Lopez
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, 2940 Chemin de Polytechnique, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3T 1J4.
| | - Samuel Babity
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, 2940 Chemin de Polytechnique, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3T 1J4.
| | - Simon-Pierre Gravel
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, 2940 Chemin de Polytechnique, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3T 1J4.
| | - Davide Brambilla
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, 2940 Chemin de Polytechnique, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3T 1J4.
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29
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Shazly T, Smith A, Uline MJ, Spinale FG. Therapeutic payload delivery to the myocardium: Evolving strategies and obstacles. JTCVS OPEN 2022; 10:185-194. [PMID: 36004211 PMCID: PMC9390211 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjon.2022.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Key Words
- BMC, bone marrow cell
- HF, heart failure
- ID, intracoronary delivery
- IMD, intramyocardial delivery
- IPD, intrapericardial delivery
- LV, left ventricle
- MI, myocardial infarct
- MSC, mesenchymal stem cell
- TED, transendocardial delivery
- bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor
- biomaterial
- cardiac
- injection
- local delivery
- myocardium
- payload
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Shazly
- College of Engineering and Computing, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Arianna Smith
- College of Arts and Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Fla
| | - Mark J. Uline
- College of Engineering and Computing, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Francis G. Spinale
- College of Engineering and Computing, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
- Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC
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30
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Sasso J, Ambrose BJB, Tenchov R, Datta RS, Basel MT, DeLong RK, Zhou QA. The Progress and Promise of RNA Medicine─An Arsenal of Targeted Treatments. J Med Chem 2022; 65:6975-7015. [PMID: 35533054 PMCID: PMC9115888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, there has been a shift in research, clinical development, and commercial activity to exploit the many physiological roles of RNA for use in medicine. With the rapid success in the development of lipid-RNA nanoparticles for mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 and with several approved RNA-based drugs, RNA has catapulted to the forefront of drug research. With diverse functions beyond the role of mRNA in producing antigens or therapeutic proteins, many classes of RNA serve regulatory roles in cells and tissues. These RNAs have potential as new therapeutics, with RNA itself serving as either a drug or a target. Here, based on the CAS Content Collection, we provide a landscape view of the current state and outline trends in RNA research in medicine across time, geography, therapeutic pipelines, chemical modifications, and delivery mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet
M. Sasso
- CAS,
a division of the American Chemical Society 2540 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Barbara J. B. Ambrose
- CAS,
a division of the American Chemical Society 2540 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Rumiana Tenchov
- CAS,
a division of the American Chemical Society 2540 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Ruchira S. Datta
- CAS,
a division of the American Chemical Society 2540 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Matthew T. Basel
- College
of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Robert K. DeLong
- Nanotechnology
Innovation Center Kansas State, Kansas State
University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Qiongqiong Angela Zhou
- CAS,
a division of the American Chemical Society 2540 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
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31
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Yiangou L, Blanch-Asensio A, de Korte T, Miller DC, van Meer BJ, Mol MPH, van den Brink L, Brandão KO, Mummery CL, Davis RP. Optogenetic reporters delivered as mRNA facilitate repeatable action potential and calcium handling assessment in human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Stem Cells 2022; 40:655-668. [PMID: 35429386 PMCID: PMC9332902 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Electrical activity and intracellular Ca 2+ transients are key features of cardiomyocytes. They can be measured using organic voltage- and Ca 2+-sensitive dyes but their photostability and phototoxicity means they are unsuitable for long-term measurements. Here, we investigated whether genetically-encoded voltage and Ca 2+ indicators (GEVIs and GECIs) delivered as modified mRNA (modRNA) into human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) would be accurate alternatives allowing measurements over long periods. These indicators were detected in hiPSC-CMs for up to 7 days after transfection and did not affect responses to proarrhythmic compounds. Furthermore, using the GEVI ASAP2f we observed action potential prolongation in long QT syndrome models, while the GECI jRCaMP1b facilitated the repeated evaluation of Ca 2+ handling responses for various tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This study demonstrated that modRNAs encoding optogenetic constructs report cardiac physiology in hiPSC-CMs without toxicity or the need for stable integration, illustrating their value as alternatives to organic dyes or other gene delivery methods for expressing transgenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loukia Yiangou
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Blanch-Asensio
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Tessa de Korte
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Duncan C Miller
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
- Present Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Berend J van Meer
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Mervyn P H Mol
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Lettine van den Brink
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Karina O Brandão
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Richard P Davis
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
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32
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Evers MJW, Du W, Yang Q, Kooijmans SAA, Vink A, van Steenbergen M, Vader P, de Jager SCA, Fuchs SA, Mastrobattista E, Sluijter JPG, Lei Z, Schiffelers R. Delivery of modified mRNA to damaged myocardium by systemic administration of lipid nanoparticles. J Control Release 2022; 343:207-216. [PMID: 35077739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Lipid Nanoparticles (LNPs) are a promising drug delivery vehicle for clinical siRNA delivery. Modified mRNA (modRNA) has recently gained great attention as a therapeutic molecule in cardiac regeneration. However, for mRNA to be functional, it must first reach the diseased myocardium, enter the target cell, escape from the endosomal compartment into the cytosol and be translated into a functional protein. However, it is unknown if LNPs can effectively deliver mRNA, which is much larger than siRNA, to the ischemic myocardium. Here, we evaluated the ability of LNPs to deliver mRNA to the myocardium upon ischemia-reperfusion injury functionally. By exploring the bio-distribution of fluorescently labeled LNPs, we observed that, upon reperfusion, LNPs accumulated in the infarct area of the heart. Subsequently, the functional delivery of modRNA was evaluated by the administration of firefly luciferase encoding modRNA. Concomitantly, a significant increase in firefly luciferase expression was observed in the heart upon myocardial reperfusion when compared to sham-operated animals. To characterize the targeted cells within the myocardium, we injected LNPs loaded with Cre modRNA into Cre-reporter mice. Upon LNP infusion, Tdtomato+ cells, derived from Cre mediated recombination, were observed in the infarct region as well as the epicardial layer upon LNP infusion. Within the infarct area, most targeted cells were cardiac fibroblasts but also some cardiomyocytes and macrophages were found. Although the expression levels were low compared to LNP-modRNA delivery into the liver, our data show the ability of LNPs to functionally deliver modRNA therapeutics to the damaged myocardium, which holds great promise for modRNA-based cardiac therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenjuan Du
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Circulatory Health Laboratory, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | | | | | - Aryan Vink
- Department of Pathology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mies van Steenbergen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter Vader
- CDL Research, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Experimental Cardiology, Circulatory Health Laboratory, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia C A de Jager
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Circulatory Health Laboratory, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sabine A Fuchs
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Enrico Mastrobattista
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Circulatory Health Laboratory, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Regenerative medicine Centre, UMC Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Zhiyong Lei
- CDL Research, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Experimental Cardiology, Circulatory Health Laboratory, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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33
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Abouleisa RR, Salama ABM, Ou Q, Tang XL, Solanki M, Guo Y, Nong Y, McNally L, Lorkiewicz PK, Kassem KM, Ahern BM, Choudhary K, Thomas R, Huang Y, Juhardeen HR, Siddique A, Ifthikar Z, Hammad SK, El-Baz AS, Ivey KN, Conklin DJ, Satin J, Hill BG, Srivastava D, Bolli R, Mohamed TM. Transient Cell Cycle Induction in Cardiomyocytes to Treat Subacute Ischemic Heart Failure. Circulation 2022; 145:1339-1355. [PMID: 35061545 PMCID: PMC9038650 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.057641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The regenerative capacity of the heart after myocardial infarction (MI) is limited. Our previous study showed that ectopic introduction of Cdk1/CyclinB1 and Cdk4/CyclinD1 complexes (4F) promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation in 15-20% of infected cardiomyocytes
in vitro
and
in vivo
and improves cardiac function after MI in mice.
Methods:
Here, using temporal single-cell RNAseq we aimed to identify the necessary reprogramming stages during the forced cardiomyocyte proliferation with 4F on a single cell basis. Also, using rat and pig models of ischemic heart failure, we aimed to start the first preclinical testing to introduce 4F gene therapy as a candidate for the treatment of ischemia-induced heart failure.
Results:
Temporal bulk and single-cell RNAseq and further biochemical validations of mature hiPS-CMs treated with either LacZ or 4F adenoviruses revealed full cell cycle reprogramming in 15% of the cardiomyocyte population at 48 h post-infection with 4F, which was mainly associated with sarcomere disassembly and metabolic reprogramming (n=3/timepoint/group). Transient overexpression of 4F, specifically in cardiomyocytes, was achieved using a polycistronic non-integrating lentivirus (NIL) encoding the 4F; each is driven by a TNNT2 promoter (TNNT2-4Fpolycistronic-NIL). TNNT2-4Fpolycistronic-NIL or control virus was injected intramyocardially one week after MI in rats (n=10/group) or pigs (n=6-7/group). Four weeks post-injection, TNNT2-4Fpolycistronic-NIL treated animals showed significant improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction and scar size compared with the control virus treated animals. At four months after treatment, rats that received TNNT2-4Fpolycistronic-NIL still showed a sustained improvement in cardiac function and no obvious development of cardiac arrhythmias or systemic tumorigenesis (n=10/group).
Conclusions:
This study provides mechanistic insights into the process of forced cardiomyocyte proliferation and advances the clinical feasibility of this approach by minimizing the oncogenic potential of the cell cycle factors thanks to the use of a novel transient and cardiomyocyte-specific viral construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riham R.E. Abouleisa
- From the Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY
| | - Abou Bakr M. Salama
- From the Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY; Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Qinghui Ou
- From the Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY
| | - Xian-Liang Tang
- From the Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY
| | - Mitesh Solanki
- From the Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY
| | - Yiru Guo
- From the Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY
| | - Yibing Nong
- From the Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY
| | - Lindsey McNally
- Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY
| | - Pawel K. Lorkiewicz
- Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY
| | - Kamal M. Kassem
- From the Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY
| | | | | | | | - Yu Huang
- Gladstone Institute, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Aisha Siddique
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainab Ifthikar
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sally K. Hammad
- From the Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY; Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ayman S. El-Baz
- Department of Bioengineering, Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, KY
| | | | - Daniel J. Conklin
- Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY
| | | | - Bradford G. Hill
- Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY
| | | | - Roberto Bolli
- From the Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY
| | - Tamer M.A. Mohamed
- From the Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY; Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY; Department of Bioengineering, Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, KY; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, KY; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, U.K
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34
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Wu H, Peng Z, Xu Y, Sheng Z, Liu Y, Liao Y, Wang Y, Wen Y, Yi J, Xie C, Chen X, Hu J, Yan B, Wang H, Yao X, Fu W, Ouyang H. Engineered adipose-derived stem cells with IGF-1-modified mRNA ameliorates osteoarthritis development. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:19. [PMID: 35033199 PMCID: PMC8760691 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02695-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA), a prevalent degenerative disease characterized by degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM), still lacks effective disease-modifying therapy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation has been regarded as the most promising approach for OA treatment while engrafting cells alone might not be adequate for effective regeneration. Genetic modification has been used to optimize MSC-based therapy; however, there are still significant limitations that prevent the clinical translation of this therapy including low efficacy and safety concerns. Recently, chemically modified mRNA (modRNA) represents a promising alternative for the gene-enhanced MSC therapy. In this regard, we hypothesized that adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) engineered with modRNA encoding insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) were superior to native ADSCs on ameliorating OA development. METHODS Mouse ADSCs were acquired from adipose tissue and transfected with modRNAs. First, the kinetics and efficacy of modRNA-mediated gene transfer in mouse ADSCs were analyzed in vitro. Next, we applied an indirect co-culture system to analyze the pro-anabolic potential of IGF-1 modRNA engineered ADSCs (named as IGF-1-ADSCs) on chondrocytes. Finally, we evaluated the cell retention and chondroprotective effect of IGF-1-ADSCs in vivo using fluorescent labeling, histology and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS modRNA transfected mouse ADSCs with high efficiency (85 ± 5%) and the IGF-1 modRNA-transfected ADSCs facilitated burst-like production of bio-functional IGF-1 protein. In vitro, IGF-1-ADSCs induced increased anabolic markers expression of chondrocytes in inflammation environment compared to untreated ADSCs. In a murine OA model, histological and immunohistochemical analysis of knee joints harvested at 4 weeks and 8 weeks after OA induction suggested IGF-1-ADSCs had superior therapeutic effect over native ADSCs demonstrated by lower histological OARSI score and decreased loss of cartilage ECM. CONCLUSIONS These findings collectively supported the therapeutic potential of IGF-1-ADSCs for clinical OA management and cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Wu
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Peng
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zixuan Sheng
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanshan Liu
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youguo Liao
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ya Wen
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junzhi Yi
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chang Xie
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuri Chen
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiajie Hu
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingqian Yan
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 310003, China
| | - Huijing Wang
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 310003, China
| | - Xudong Yao
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 310003, China.
| | - Hongwei Ouyang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. .,Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. .,China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, China.
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35
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Optimization of Synthesis of Modified mRNA. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2573:77-87. [PMID: 36040588 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2707-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Modified mRNA (modRNA) is a safe and effective vector for gene-based therapies. Notably, the safety of modRNA has been validated through COVID-19 vaccines which incorporate modRNA technology to translate spike proteins. Alternative gene delivery methods using plasmids, lentiviruses, adenoviruses, and adeno-associated viruses have suffered from key challenges such as genome integration, delayed and uncontrolled expression, and immunogenic responses. However, modRNA poses no risk of genome integration, has transient and rapid expression, and lacks an immunogenic response. Our lab utilizes modRNA-based therapies to promote cardiac regeneration following myocardial infarction and heart failure. We have also developed and refined an optimized and economical method for synthesis of modRNA. Here, we provide an updated methodology with improved translational efficiency for in vitro and in vivo application.
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36
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Mansouri F, Seyed Mohammadzad MH. Up-Regulation of Cell-Free MicroRNA-1 and MicroRNA-221-3p Levels in Patients with Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Coronary Angiography. Adv Pharm Bull 2021; 11:719-727. [PMID: 34888219 PMCID: PMC8642802 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2021.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Myocardial infarction (MI), known as a multifactorial disease, remains the predominant cause of mortality and sudden deaths annually. The current study aimed to measure the expression of microRNA-1 and microRNA-221-3p in MI patients. Methods: In the current study, 100 healthy controls (with no history of heart disease) and 200 patients with MI were selected. Patients were divided into two groups based on angiography results: normal (no significant artery stenosis) and primary percutaneous coronary intervention (primary PCI, significant artery stenosis). The levels of microRNA-1 and microRNA-221-3p were quantified using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The correlation between levels of microRNAs and the common cardiac markers were analyzed statistically. Results: In comparison to fold change, microRNA-1 elevations were 8.5-fold in normal patients and 60-fold in patients with primary PCI; while microRNA-221-3p levels were 210- fold higher in primary PCI and 31.31-fold higher in normal cases compared with the healthy controls. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for circulating microRNA-1 and microRNA-221 were 0.903 and 0.958 in normal patients and 0.927 and 0.985 in primary PCI patients (p < 0.0001), respectively. Pearson correlation (ρ) analysis showed that circulation of microRNA-1 correlated with serum levels of cardiac troponin I (CTnI) (ρ =0.24), creatinine (ρ =0.34), creatinine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB) (ρ =0.31), and microRNA-221-3p was significantly correlated with serum levels of CTnI (ρ =0.6), creatinine (ρ =0.41), and CK-MB (ρ =0.37), (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: The study underscored the potential of microRNA-1 and microRNA-221-3p as informative biomarkers and positively correlated with artery stenosis in MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mansouri
- Department of Genetics and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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37
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Baptista B, Carapito R, Laroui N, Pichon C, Sousa F. mRNA, a Revolution in Biomedicine. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:2090. [PMID: 34959371 PMCID: PMC8707022 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The perspective of using messenger RNA (mRNA) as a therapeutic molecule first faced some uncertainties due to concerns about its instability and the feasibility of large-scale production. Today, given technological advances and deeper biomolecular knowledge, these issues have started to be addressed and some strategies are being exploited to overcome the limitations. Thus, the potential of mRNA has become increasingly recognized for the development of new innovative therapeutics, envisioning its application in immunotherapy, regenerative medicine, vaccination, and gene editing. Nonetheless, to fully potentiate mRNA therapeutic application, its efficient production, stabilization and delivery into the target cells are required. In recent years, intensive research has been carried out in this field in order to bring new and effective solutions towards the stabilization and delivery of mRNA. Presently, the therapeutic potential of mRNA is undoubtedly recognized, which was greatly reinforced by the results achieved in the battle against the COVID-19 pandemic, but there are still some issues that need to be improved, which are critically discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Baptista
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (B.B.); (R.C.)
| | - Rita Carapito
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (B.B.); (R.C.)
| | - Nabila Laroui
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire (CBM), UPR 4301 CNRS, University of Orléans, 45071 Orléans, France;
| | - Chantal Pichon
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire (CBM), UPR 4301 CNRS, University of Orléans, 45071 Orléans, France;
| | - Fani Sousa
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (B.B.); (R.C.)
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Steinle H, Weber J, Stoppelkamp S, Große-Berkenbusch K, Golombek S, Weber M, Canak-Ipek T, Trenz SM, Schlensak C, Avci-Adali M. Delivery of synthetic mRNAs for tissue regeneration. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 179:114007. [PMID: 34710530 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, nucleic acid-based therapeutics have gained increasing importance as novel treatment options for disease prevention and treatment. Synthetic messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are promising nucleic acid-based drugs to transiently express desired proteins that are missing or defective. Recently, synthetic mRNA-based vaccines encoding viral proteins have been approved for emergency use against COVID-19. Various types of vehicles, such as lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) and liposomes, are being investigated to enable the efficient uptake of mRNA molecules into desired cells. In addition, the introduction of novel chemical modifications into mRNAs increased the stability, enabled the modulation of nucleic acid-based drugs, and increased the efficiency of mRNA-based therapeutic approaches. In this review, novel and innovative strategies for the delivery of synthetic mRNA-based therapeutics for tissue regeneration are discussed. Moreover, with this review, we aim to highlight the versatility of synthetic mRNA molecules for various applications in the field of regenerative medicine and also discuss translational challenges and required improvements for mRNA-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidrun Steinle
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Josefin Weber
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Stoppelkamp
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Große-Berkenbusch
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sonia Golombek
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Marbod Weber
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tuba Canak-Ipek
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sarah-Maria Trenz
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian Schlensak
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Meltem Avci-Adali
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
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Chabanovska O, Galow AM, David R, Lemcke H. mRNA - A game changer in regenerative medicine, cell-based therapy and reprogramming strategies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 179:114002. [PMID: 34653534 PMCID: PMC9418126 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
After thirty years of intensive research shaping and optimizing the technology, the approval of the first mRNA-based formulation by the EMA and FDA in order to stop the COVID-19 pandemic was a breakthrough in mRNA research. The astonishing success of these vaccines have brought the mRNA platform into the spotlight of the scientific community. The remarkable persistence of the groundwork is mainly attributed to the exceptional benefits of mRNA application, including the biological origin, immediate but transitory mechanism of action, non-integrative properties, safe and relatively simple manufacturing as well as the flexibility to produce any desired protein. Based on these advantages, a practical implementation of in vitro transcribed mRNA has been considered in most areas of medicine. In this review, we discuss the key preconditions for the rise of the mRNA in the medical field, including the unique structural and functional features of the mRNA molecule and its vehicles, which are crucial aspects for a production of potent mRNA-based therapeutics. Further, we focus on the utility of mRNA tools particularly in the scope of regenerative medicine, i.e. cell reprogramming approaches or manipulation strategies for targeted tissue restoration. Finally, we highlight the strong clinical potential but also the remaining hurdles to overcome for the mRNA-based regenerative therapy, which is only a few steps away from becoming a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandra Chabanovska
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy (RTC), Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany,Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, Department Life, Light & Matter, University Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Anne-Marie Galow
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Robert David
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy (RTC), Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany,Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, Department Life, Light & Matter, University Rostock, Rostock, Germany,Corresponding author at: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy (RTC), Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Heiko Lemcke
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy (RTC), Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany,Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, Department Life, Light & Matter, University Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Lipid Nanoparticles for Organ-Specific mRNA Therapeutic Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101675. [PMID: 34683969 PMCID: PMC8538155 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This article belongs to the Special Issue mRNA Therapeutics: A Themed Issue in Honor of Professor Katalin Karikó. Abstract Advances in the using in vitro transcribed (IVT) modRNA in the past two decades, especially the tremendous recent success of mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, have brought increased attention to IVT mRNA technology. Despite its well-known use in infectious disease vaccines, IVT modRNA technology is being investigated mainly in cancer immunotherapy and protein replacement therapy, with ongoing clinical trials in both areas. One of the main barriers to progressing mRNA therapeutics to the clinic is determining how to deliver mRNA to target cells and protect it from degradation. Over the years, many different vehicles have been developed to tackle this issue. Desirable vehicles must be safe, stable and preferably organ specific for successful mRNA delivery to clinically relevant cells and tissues. In this review we discuss various mRNA delivery platforms, with particular focus on attempts to create organ-specific vehicles for therapeutic mRNA delivery.
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Brittan M, Zimmermann WH. Cell programming to protect the ischemic heart and limb. Mol Ther 2021; 29:2894-2895. [PMID: 34555312 PMCID: PMC8551401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mairi Brittan
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Wolfram-Hubertus Zimmermann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Göttingen, Germany.
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Yoo S, Geist GE, Pfenniger A, Rottmann M, Arora R. Recent advances in gene therapy for atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2021; 32:2854-2864. [PMID: 34053133 PMCID: PMC9281901 DOI: 10.1111/jce.15116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common heart rhythm disorder in adults and a major cause of stroke. Unfortunately, current treatments for AF are suboptimal as they are not targeting the molecular mechanisms underlying AF. In this regard, gene therapy is emerging as a promising approach for mechanism-based treatment of AF. In this review, we summarize recent advances and challenges in gene therapy for this important cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Yoo
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gail Elizabeth Geist
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Anna Pfenniger
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Markus Rottmann
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rishi Arora
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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43
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Buonaiuto G, Desideri F, Taliani V, Ballarino M. Muscle Regeneration and RNA: New Perspectives for Ancient Molecules. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102512. [PMID: 34685492 PMCID: PMC8533951 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of the ribonucleic acid (RNA) to self-replicate, combined with a unique cocktail of chemical properties, suggested the existence of an RNA world at the origin of life. Nowadays, this hypothesis is supported by innovative high-throughput and biochemical approaches, which definitively revealed the essential contribution of RNA-mediated mechanisms to the regulation of fundamental processes of life. With the recent development of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-based vaccines, the potential of RNA as a therapeutic tool has received public attention. Due to its intrinsic single-stranded nature and the ease with which it is synthesized in vitro, RNA indeed represents the most suitable tool for the development of drugs encompassing every type of human pathology. The maximum effectiveness and biochemical versatility is achieved in the guise of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which are emerging as multifaceted regulators of tissue specification and homeostasis. Here, we report examples of coding and ncRNAs involved in muscle regeneration and discuss their potential as therapeutic tools. Small ncRNAs, such as miRNA and siRNA, have been successfully applied in the treatment of several diseases. The use of longer molecules, such as lncRNA and circRNA, is less advanced. However, based on the peculiar properties discussed below, they represent an innovative pool of RNA biomarkers and possible targets of clinical value.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- COVID-19
- Homeostasis
- Humans
- Mice
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/virology
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Origin of Life
- RNA, Circular
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- RNA, Small Untranslated/genetics
- RNA, Untranslated/genetics
- RNA, Viral/metabolism
- Regeneration
- SARS-CoV-2/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Buonaiuto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (F.D.); (V.T.)
| | - Fabio Desideri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (F.D.); (V.T.)
- Center for Life Nano & Neuro-Science of Instituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Taliani
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (F.D.); (V.T.)
| | - Monica Ballarino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (F.D.); (V.T.)
- Correspondence:
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Järveläinen N, Halonen P, Nurro J, Hätinen OP, Korpela H, Mäkinen P, Gan LM, Fritsche-Danielson R, Ylä-Herttuala S. Citrate-Saline-Formulated mRNA Delivery into the Heart Muscle with an Electromechanical Mapping and Injection Catheter Does Not Lead to Therapeutic Effects in a Porcine Chronic Myocardial Ischemia Model. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 32:1295-1307. [PMID: 34494459 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2021.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on recent success in using modified RNA in clinical applications, we tested the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of direct delivery of citrate-saline-formulated mRNA into an hibernating ischemic heart muscle using an electromechanical mapping and injection catheter system (NOGA/Myostar) in a porcine chronic myocardial ischemia model. Chronic ischemia was induced in domestic pigs (n = 24) using a bottleneck stent placed in the left anterior descending coronary artery. Low (1 mg) and high (7.5 mg) doses of citrate-saline-formulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A165 mRNA were administered in the study. LacZ mRNA and citrate-saline buffer were used as controls. Ten intramyocardial injections (200 μL each) of the mRNAs or citrate-saline buffer were given endovascularly into the hibernating ischemic myocardium using the NOGA catheter. Positron emission tomography 15O-radiowater imaging was performed 7 days after the induction of ischemia and 28 days after the mRNA delivery to measure quantitative myocardial blood perfusion. Coronary angiography, left ventricular function measurements, and clinical chemistry were obtained at each time point. Thirty-five days after the mRNA transfers, pigs were sacrificed, and infarct size and general histology were analyzed. LacZ mRNA pigs were sacrificed 24 h after the transduction. Citrate-saline-formulated mRNA delivery into the ischemic myocardium with endovascular injection catheter did not lead to meaningful transduction with the translation of VEGF-A165, nor therapeutic effects in the heart. VEGF-A165 mRNA showed no statistically significant improvements in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), cardiac output, myocardial perfusion, infarct size, collateral growth, or capillary area in the study groups. However, there was a trend in the high-dose group toward an improved LVEF and cardiac output at rest. No significant adverse effects were observed. In conclusion, the NOGA/Myostar injection catheter system is ineffective in delivering citrate-saline-formulated mRNAs into the heart muscle with the doses and methods used in a porcine chronic myocardial ischemia model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niko Järveläinen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Paavo Halonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jussi Nurro
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli-Pekka Hätinen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Henna Korpela
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Petri Mäkinen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Li-Ming Gan
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Regina Fritsche-Danielson
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Heart Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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Wang AYL. Application of Modified mRNA in Somatic Reprogramming to Pluripotency and Directed Conversion of Cell Fate. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158148. [PMID: 34360910 PMCID: PMC8348611 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Modified mRNA (modRNA)-based somatic reprogramming is an effective and safe approach that overcomes the genomic mutation risk caused by viral integrative methods. It has improved the disadvantages of conventional mRNA and has better stability and immunogenicity. The modRNA molecules encoding multiple pluripotent factors have been applied successfully in reprogramming somatic cells such as fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, and amniotic fluid stem cells to generate pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Moreover, it also can be directly used in the terminal differentiation of stem cells and fibroblasts into functional therapeutic cells, which exhibit great promise in disease modeling, drug screening, cell transplantation therapy, and regenerative medicine. In this review, we summarized the reprogramming applications of modified mRNA in iPSC generation and therapeutic applications of functionally differentiated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Yen Ling Wang
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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46
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Kaur K, Hadas Y, Kurian AA, Żak MM, Yoo J, Mahmood A, Girard H, Komargodski R, Io T, Santini MP, Sultana N, Kabir Sharkar MT, Magadum A, Fargnoli A, Yoon S, Chepurko E, Chepurko V, Eliyahu E, Pinto D, Lebeche D, Kovacic JC, Hajjar RJ, Rafii S, Zangi L. Direct Reprogramming Induces Vascular Regeneration Post Muscle Ischemic Injury. Mol Ther 2021; 29:3042-3058. [PMID: 34332145 PMCID: PMC8531157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming non-cardiomyocytes (non-CMs) into cardiomyocyte (CM)-like cells is a promising strategy for cardiac regeneration in conditions such as ischemic heart disease. Here, we used a modified mRNA (modRNA) gene delivery platform to deliver a cocktail, termed 7G-modRNA, of four cardiac-reprogramming genes—Gata4 (G), Mef2c (M), Tbx5 (T), and Hand2 (H)—together with three reprogramming-helper genes—dominant-negative (DN)-TGFβ, DN-Wnt8a, and acid ceramidase (AC)—to induce CM-like cells. We showed that 7G-modRNA reprogrammed 57% of CM-like cells in vitro. Through a lineage-tracing model, we determined that delivering the 7G-modRNA cocktail at the time of myocardial infarction reprogrammed ∼25% of CM-like cells in the scar area and significantly improved cardiac function, scar size, long-term survival, and capillary density. Mechanistically, we determined that while 7G-modRNA cannot create de novo beating CMs in vitro or in vivo, it can significantly upregulate pro-angiogenic mesenchymal stromal cells markers and transcription factors. We also demonstrated that our 7G-modRNA cocktail leads to neovascularization in ischemic-limb injury, indicating CM-like cells importance in other organs besides the heart. modRNA is currently being used around the globe for vaccination against COVID-19, and this study proves this is a safe, highly efficient gene delivery approach with therapeutic potential to treat ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerat Kaur
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029
| | - Yoav Hadas
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029
| | - Ann Anu Kurian
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029
| | - Magdalena M Żak
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029
| | - Jimeen Yoo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029
| | - Asharee Mahmood
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029
| | - Hanna Girard
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029
| | - Rinat Komargodski
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029
| | - Toshiro Io
- Research Department, Ono Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan, 103-0023
| | - Maria Paola Santini
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029
| | - Nishat Sultana
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029
| | - Mohammad Tofael Kabir Sharkar
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029
| | - Ajit Magadum
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029
| | - Anthony Fargnoli
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029
| | - Seonghun Yoon
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029
| | - Elena Chepurko
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029
| | - Vadim Chepurko
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029
| | - Efrat Eliyahu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029; Multiscale Biology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029
| | - Dalila Pinto
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029; Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029; The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029; Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029
| | - Djamel Lebeche
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029
| | - Roger J Hajjar
- Phospholamban Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 1775 ZH
| | - Shahin Rafii
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029
| | - Lior Zangi
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA, 10029.
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Zhou W, Ma T, Ding S. Non-viral approaches for somatic cell reprogramming into cardiomyocytes. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 122:28-36. [PMID: 34238675 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Heart disease is the leading cause of human deaths worldwide. Due to lacking cardiomyocytes with replicative capacity and cardiac progenitor cells with differentiation potential in adult hearts, massive loss of cardiomyocytes after ischemic events produces permanent damage, ultimately leading to heart failure. Cellular reprogramming is a promising strategy to regenerate heart by induction of cardiomyocytes from other cell types, such as cardiac fibroblasts. In contrast to conventional virus-based cardiac reprogramming, non-viral approaches greatly reduce the potential risk that includes disruption of genome integrity by integration of foreign DNAs, expression of exogenous genes with oncogenic potential, and appearance of partially reprogrammed cells harmful for the physiological functions of tissues/organs, which impedes their in-vivo applications. Here, we review the recent progress in development of non-viral approaches to directly reprogram somatic cells towards cardiomyocytes and their therapeutic application for heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tianhua Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Sheng Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Borrelli MA, Turnquist HR, Little SR. Biologics and their delivery systems: Trends in myocardial infarction. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 173:181-215. [PMID: 33775706 PMCID: PMC8178247 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death around the world, in which myocardial infarction (MI) is a precipitating event. However, current therapies do not adequately address the multiple dysregulated systems following MI. Consequently, recent studies have developed novel biologic delivery systems to more effectively address these maladies. This review utilizes a scientometric summary of the recent literature to identify trends among biologic delivery systems designed to treat MI. Emphasis is placed on sustained or targeted release of biologics (e.g. growth factors, nucleic acids, stem cells, chemokines) from common delivery systems (e.g. microparticles, nanocarriers, injectable hydrogels, implantable patches). We also evaluate biologic delivery system trends in the entire regenerative medicine field to identify emerging approaches that may translate to the treatment of MI. Future developments include immune system targeting through soluble factor or chemokine delivery, and the development of advanced delivery systems that facilitate the synergistic delivery of biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Borrelli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 940 Benedum Hall, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Heth R Turnquist
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, 200 Darragh St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Steven R Little
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 940 Benedum Hall, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 302 Benedum Hall, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh, Forbes Tower, Suite 7057, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, 203 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Magadum A, Singh N, Kurian AA, Sharkar MTK, Sultana N, Chepurko E, Kaur K, Żak MM, Hadas Y, Lebeche D, Sahoo S, Hajjar R, Zangi L. Therapeutic Delivery of Pip4k2c-Modified mRNA Attenuates Cardiac Hypertrophy and Fibrosis in the Failing Heart. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2004661. [PMID: 34026458 PMCID: PMC8132051 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202004661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. One of the risk factors for HF is cardiac hypertrophy (CH), which is frequently accompanied by cardiac fibrosis (CF). CH and CF are controlled by master regulators mTORC1 and TGF-β, respectively. Type-2-phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate-4-kinase-gamma (Pip4k2c) is a known mTORC1 regulator. It is shown that Pip4k2c is significantly downregulated in the hearts of CH and HF patients as compared to non-injured hearts. The role of Pip4k2c in the heart during development and disease is unknown. It is shown that deleting Pip4k2c does not affect normal embryonic cardiac development; however, three weeks after TAC, adult Pip4k2c-/- mice has higher rates of CH, CF, and sudden death than wild-type mice. In a gain-of-function study using a TAC mouse model, Pip4k2c is transiently upregulated using a modified mRNA (modRNA) gene delivery platform, which significantly improve heart function, reverse CH and CF, and lead to increased survival. Mechanistically, it is shown that Pip4k2c inhibits TGFβ1 via its N-terminal motif, Pip5k1α, phospho-AKT 1/2/3, and phospho-Smad3. In sum, loss-and-gain-of-function studies in a TAC mouse model are used to identify Pip4k2c as a potential therapeutic target for CF, CH, and HF, for which modRNA is a highly translatable gene therapy approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Magadum
- Cardiovascular Research CenterIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Black Family Stem Cell InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
| | - Neha Singh
- Cardiovascular Research CenterIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Black Family Stem Cell InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
| | - Ann Anu Kurian
- Cardiovascular Research CenterIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Black Family Stem Cell InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
| | - Mohammad Tofael Kabir Sharkar
- Cardiovascular Research CenterIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Black Family Stem Cell InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
| | - Nishat Sultana
- Cardiovascular Research CenterIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Black Family Stem Cell InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
| | - Elena Chepurko
- Cardiovascular Research CenterIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Black Family Stem Cell InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
| | - Keerat Kaur
- Cardiovascular Research CenterIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Black Family Stem Cell InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
| | - Magdalena M. Żak
- Cardiovascular Research CenterIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Black Family Stem Cell InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
| | - Yoav Hadas
- Cardiovascular Research CenterIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Black Family Stem Cell InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
| | - Djamel Lebeche
- Cardiovascular Research CenterIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
| | - Susmita Sahoo
- Cardiovascular Research CenterIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
| | - Roger Hajjar
- Phospholamban FoundationAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Lior Zangi
- Cardiovascular Research CenterIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Black Family Stem Cell InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
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Luxán G, Dimmeler S. The vasculature: a therapeutic target in heart failure? Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:53-64. [PMID: 33620071 PMCID: PMC8752358 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that the vasculature plays a crucial role in maintaining oxygen and nutrients supply to the heart. Increasing evidence further suggest that the microcirculation has additional roles in supporting a healthy microenvironment. Heart failure is well known to be associated with changes and functional impairment of the microvasculature. The specific ablation of protective signals in endothelial cells in experimental models is sufficient to induce heart failure. Therefore, restoring a healthy endothelium and microcirculation may be a valuable therapeutic strategy to treat heart failure. The present review article will summarize the current understanding of the vascular contribution to heart failure with reduced or preserved ejection fraction. Novel therapeutic approaches including next generation pro-angiogenic therapies and non-coding RNA therapeutics, as well as the targeting of metabolites or metabolic signaling, vascular inflammation and senescence will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Luxán
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany, German Center for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Berlin, Germany, partner site Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Germany, Cardiopulmonary Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany, German Center for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Berlin, Germany, partner site Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Germany, Cardiopulmonary Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
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