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Liu Q, Zhang L, Chen Z, He Y, Huang Y, Qiu C, Zhu C, Zhou D, Gan Z, Gao X, Wan G. Metabolic Profiling of Cochlear Organoids Identifies α-Ketoglutarate and NAD + as Limiting Factors for Hair Cell Reprogramming. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2308032. [PMID: 38993037 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Cochlear hair cells are the sensory cells responsible for transduction of acoustic signals. In mammals, damaged hair cells do not regenerate, resulting in permanent hearing loss. Reprogramming of the surrounding supporting cells to functional hair cells represent a novel strategy to hearing restoration. However, cellular processes governing the efficient and functional hair cell reprogramming are not completely understood. Employing the mouse cochlear organoid system, detailed metabolomic characterizations of the expanding and differentiating organoids are performed. It is found that hair cell differentiation is associated with increased mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) activity and reactive oxidative species generation. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses indicate reduced expression of oxidoreductases and tricyclic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites. The metabolic decoupling between ETC and TCA cycle limits the availability of the key metabolic cofactors, α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Reduced expression of NAD+ in cochlear supporting cells by PGC1α deficiency further impairs hair cell reprogramming, while supplementation of α-KG and NAD+ promotes hair cell reprogramming both in vitro and in vivo. These findings reveal metabolic rewiring as a central cellular process during hair cell differentiation, and highlight the insufficiency of key metabolites as a metabolic barrier for efficient hair cell reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Linqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
| | - Yihan He
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
| | - Yuhang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
| | - Cui Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
| | - Chengwen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Danxia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
| | - Zhenji Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
| | - Xia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Guoqiang Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
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Bhatt IS, Garay JAR, Bhagavan SG, Ingalls V, Dias R, Torkamani A. A genome-wide association study reveals a polygenic architecture of speech-in-noise deficits in individuals with self-reported normal hearing. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13089. [PMID: 38849415 PMCID: PMC11161523 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63972-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Speech-in-noise (SIN) perception is a primary complaint of individuals with audiometric hearing loss. SIN performance varies drastically, even among individuals with normal hearing. The present genome-wide association study (GWAS) investigated the genetic basis of SIN deficits in individuals with self-reported normal hearing in quiet situations. GWAS was performed on 279,911 individuals from the UB Biobank cohort, with 58,847 reporting SIN deficits despite reporting normal hearing in quiet. GWAS identified 996 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), achieving significance (p < 5*10-8) across four genomic loci. 720 SNPs across 21 loci achieved suggestive significance (p < 10-6). GWAS signals were enriched in brain tissues, such as the anterior cingulate cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex, frontal cortex, hippocampus, and inferior temporal cortex. Cochlear cell types revealed no significant association with SIN deficits. SIN deficits were associated with various health traits, including neuropsychiatric, sensory, cognitive, metabolic, cardiovascular, and inflammatory conditions. A replication analysis was conducted on 242 healthy young adults. Self-reported speech perception, hearing thresholds (0.25-16 kHz), and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (1-16 kHz) were utilized for the replication analysis. 73 SNPs were replicated with a self-reported speech perception measure. 211 SNPs were replicated with at least one and 66 with at least two audiological measures. 12 SNPs near or within MAPT, GRM3, and HLA-DQA1 were replicated for all audiological measures. The present study highlighted a polygenic architecture underlying SIN deficits in individuals with self-reported normal hearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishan Sunilkumar Bhatt
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, 250 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Juan Antonio Raygoza Garay
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, 250 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Srividya Grama Bhagavan
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, 250 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Valerie Ingalls
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, 250 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Raquel Dias
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Ali Torkamani
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
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Foster T, Lim P, Jones M, Wagle SR, Kovacevic B, Ionescu CM, Wong EYM, Mooranian A, Al-Salami H. Polymer-Based Nanoparticles for Inner Ear Targeted Trans Differentiation Gene Therapy. ChemMedChem 2024:e202400038. [PMID: 38818625 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Hearing loss is a significant disability that often goes under recognised, largely due to poor identification, prevention, and treatment. Steps are being made to amend these pitfalls in the investigation of hearing loss, however, the development of a cure to reverse advanced forms remains distant. This review details some current advances in the treatment of hearing loss, with a particular focus on genetic-based nanotechnology and how it may provide a useful avenue for further research. This review presents a broad background on the pathophysiology of hearing loss and some current interventions. We also highlight some potential genes that may be useful in the amelioration of hearing loss. Pathways of cellular differentiation from stem or supporting cell to functional hair cell are covered in detail, as this mechanism represents a key means of regenerating these cell types. Overall, we believe that polymer-based nanotechnology coupled with novel excipients represents a useful area of further research in the treatment of hearing loss, although further studies in this area are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Foster
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, 6102, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Pathwest Laboratory Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, 6000, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Patrick Lim
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, 6102, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Melissa Jones
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, 6102, Western Australia, Australia
- Hearing Therapeutics Department, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands 6009, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Susbin Raj Wagle
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, 6102, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Bozica Kovacevic
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, 6102, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Corina Mihaela Ionescu
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, 6102, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Elaine Y M Wong
- Hearing Therapeutics Department, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands 6009, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Armin Mooranian
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, 6102, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Hani Al-Salami
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, 6102, Western Australia, Australia
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
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Thulasiram MR, Yamamoto R, Olszewski RT, Gu S, Morell RJ, Hoa M, Dabdoub A. Molecular differences between neonatal and adult stria vascularis from organotypic explants and transcriptomics. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.24.590986. [PMID: 38712156 PMCID: PMC11071502 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.24.590986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Summary The stria vascularis (SV), part of the blood-labyrinth barrier, is an essential component of the inner ear that regulates the ionic environment required for hearing. SV degeneration disrupts cochlear homeostasis, leading to irreversible hearing loss, yet a comprehensive understanding of the SV, and consequently therapeutic availability for SV degeneration, is lacking. We developed a whole-tissue explant model from neonatal and adult mice to create a robust platform for SV research. We validated our model by demonstrating that the proliferative behaviour of the SV in vitro mimics SV in vivo, providing a representative model and advancing high-throughput SV research. We also provided evidence for pharmacological intervention in our system by investigating the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in SV proliferation. Finally, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing from in vivo neonatal and adult mouse SV and revealed key genes and pathways that may play a role in SV proliferation and maintenance. Together, our results contribute new insights into investigating biological solutions for SV-associated hearing loss. Significance Hearing loss impairs our ability to communicate with people and interact with our environment. This can lead to social isolation, depression, cognitive deficits, and dementia. Inner ear degeneration is a primary cause of hearing loss, and our study provides an in depth look at one of the major sites of inner ear degeneration: the stria vascularis. The stria vascularis and associated blood-labyrinth barrier maintain the functional integrity of the auditory system, yet it is relatively understudied. By developing a new in vitro model for the young and adult stria vascularis and using single cell RNA sequencing, our study provides a novel approach to studying this tissue, contributing new insights and widespread implications for auditory neuroscience and regenerative medicine. Highlights - We established an organotypic explant system of the neonatal and adult stria vascularis with an intact blood-labyrinth barrier. - Proliferation of the stria vascularis decreases with age in vitro , modelling its proliferative behaviour in vivo . - Pharmacological studies using our in vitro SV model open possibilities for testing injury paradigms and therapeutic interventions. - Inhibition of Wnt signalling decreases proliferation in neonatal stria vascularis.- We identified key genes and transcription factors unique to developing and mature SV cell types using single cell RNA sequencing.
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Zhang R, Ma Z, Wang J, Fan C. HIF signaling overactivation inhibits lateral line neuromast development through Wnt in zebrafish. Gene 2024; 898:148077. [PMID: 38097093 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.148077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
The lateral line is critical for prey detection, predator avoidance, schooling, and rheotaxis behavior in fish. As similar to hair cells in the mammalian inner ear, the lateral line sensory organ called neuromasts is a popular model for hair cell regeneration. However, the mechanism of lateral line development has not been fully understood. In this study, we showed for the first time that hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling is involved in lateral line development in zebrafish. hif1ab and epas1b were highly expressed in neuromasts during lateral line development. Hypoxia response induced by a prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing proteins (PHD) inhibitor treatment or vhl gene knockout significantly reduced hair cells and support cells in neuromast during lateral line development. In addition, inhibition of Hif-1α or Epas1 could partially rescue hair cells in the larvae with increased HIF activity, respectively. Moreover, the support cell proliferation and the expression of Wnt target genes decreased in vhl mutants which suggests that Wnt signaling mediated the role of HIF signaling in lateral line development. Collectively, our results demonstrate that HIF signaling overactivation inhibits lateral line development in zebrafish and suggest that inhibition of HIF signaling might be a potential therapeutic method for hair cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyue Ma
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chunxin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Marine Biomedical Science and Technology Innovation Platform of Lingang New Area, Shanghai, China.
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Wang L, Li W, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Chen G, Zhou X, Xv D, Wu Q. Resveratrol prevents age-related heart impairment through inhibiting the Notch/NF-κB pathway. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:1035-1045. [PMID: 38370061 PMCID: PMC10867470 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural polyphenol compound found in various plants that has been shown to have potential benefits for preventing aging and supporting cardiovascular health. However, the specific signal pathway by which RSV protects the aging heart is not yet well understood. This study aimed to explore the protective effects of RSV against age-related heart injury and investigate the underlying mechanisms using a D-galactose-induced aging model. The results of the study indicated that RSV provided protection against age-related heart impairment in mice. This was evidenced by the reduction of cardiac histopathological changes as well as the attenuation of apoptosis. RSV-induced cardioprotection was linked to a significant increase in antioxidant activity and mitochondrial transmembrane potential, as well as a reduction in oxidative damage. Additionally, RSV inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Furthermore, the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor kappa-B p65 (NF-κB p65), and notch 1 protein were inhibited by RSV, indicating that inhibiting the Notch/NF-κB pathway played a critical role in RSV-triggered heart protection in aging mice. Moreover, further data on intestinal function demonstrated that RSV significantly increased short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in intestinal contents and reduced the pH value in the feces of aging mice. RSV alleviated aging-induced cardiac dysfunction through the suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation via the Notch/NF-κB pathway in heart tissue. Furthermore, this therapeutic effect was found to be associated with its protective roles in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le‐Feng Wang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory MedicineDepartment of Clinical LaboratoryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
- Department of OphthalmologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Wen‐Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Xian‐Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Yi‐Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Guang‐Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Xing‐Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Dong‐Mei Xv
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Qiong Wu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory MedicineDepartment of Clinical LaboratoryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
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Young CA, Burt E, Munnamalai V. Sensory progenitors influence patterning of the mammalian auditory sensory epithelium. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.13.566920. [PMID: 38014307 PMCID: PMC10680690 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.13.566920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
During embryonic development Wnt signaling has been shown to influence proliferation and sensory formation in the cochlea. How the dual nature of Wnt signaling is coordinated is unknown. In this study, we define a novel role for a Wnt regulated gene, Mybl2, which was already known to be important for proliferation, in influencing patterning and determining the size of the sensory epithelium in the murine cochlea. Using a quantitative spatial analysis approach and analyzing Mybl2 loss-of-function cochleas, we show that Mybl2 simultaneously specifies the progenitor niche and the size of the sensory domain, and influences the positioning of the medial sensory domain boundary via Jag1 regulation during the mid-gestational stages. Mybl2 conditional knockout resulted in a decrease of proliferation within the progenitor niche. During the late embryonic stages, conditional knockout of Mybl2 produced a wider sensory epithelium across the radial axis with an increase in ectopic inner hair cell formation. These data suggest that Mybl2 -positive progenitors play a role in boundary formation and patterning the sensory epithelium. Summary Statement Mybl2 is a Wnt-regulated gene encoding a transcription factor that is expressed in the cochlear progenitor niche and influences the boundary formation between the niche and the sensory domain during mid-cochlear developmental stages, thereby impacting the size of the sensory epithelium.
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Kempfle JS, Jung DH. Experimental drugs for the prevention or treatment of sensorineural hearing loss. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2023; 32:643-654. [PMID: 37598357 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2023.2242253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sensorineural hearing loss results in irreversible loss of inner ear hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons. Reduced sound detection and speech discrimination can span all ages, and sensorineural hearing rehabilitation is limited to amplification with hearing aids or cochlear implants. Recent insights into experimental drug treatments for inner ear regeneration and otoprotection have paved the way for clinical trials in order to restore a more physiological hearing experience. Paired with the development of innovative minimally invasive approaches for drug delivery to the inner ear, new, emerging treatments for hearing protection and restoration are within reach. AREAS COVERED This expert opinion provides an overview of the latest experimental drug therapies to protect from and to restore sensorineural hearing loss. EXPERT OPINION The degree and type of cellular damage to the cochlea, the responsiveness of remaining, endogenous cells to regenerative treatments, and the duration of drug availability within cochlear fluids will determine the success of hearing protection or restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith S Kempfle
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - David H Jung
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Xiao Y, Li D. The role of epigenetic modifications in sensory hair cell development, survival, and regulation. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1210279. [PMID: 37388412 PMCID: PMC10300351 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1210279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The cochlea is the sensory organ in the periphery, and hair cells are its main sensory cells. The development and survival of hair cells are highly controlled processes. When cells face intracellular and environmental stimuli, epigenetic regulation controls the structure and function of the genome in response to different cell fates. During sensory hair cell development, different histone modifications can induce normal numbers of functional hair cells to generate. When individuals are exposed to environmental-related hair cell damage, epigenetic modification also plays a significant role in the regulation of hair cell fate. Since mammalian hair cells cannot regenerate, their loss can cause permanent sensorineural hearing loss. Many breakthroughs have been achieved in recent years in understanding the signaling pathways that determine hair cell regeneration, and it is fascinating to note that epigenetic regulation plays a significant role in hair cell regeneration. In this review, we discuss the role of epigenetics in inner ear cell development, survival and regeneration and the significant impact on hearing protection.
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Hosoya M, Fujioka M, Okano H, Ozawa H. Mapping of Notch signaling in the developing organ of Corti in common marmosets. Front Neuroanat 2023; 17:1188886. [PMID: 37351521 PMCID: PMC10282542 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2023.1188886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The well-regulated development of the sensory epithelium is essential for hearing. This process involves the specification of a pro-sensory epithelium containing common progenitors that differentiate into hair and supporting cells. Notch signaling is one of the most critical pathways during these processes, and its modification is thought to be a feasible approach for treating hearing loss. Despite interspecies differences between rodents and primates or humans, most of our current knowledge regarding cochlear development has been obtained from rodent models. Methods We therefore examined and mapped the expression patterns of Notch signal components in the developing cochlea of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a small monkey species native to the New World, a primate model animal. Results In contrast to the preserved expression patterns of the Notch signaling components in the hair cell differentiation between primates and rodents, we unveiled relatively large interspecies differences during the maturation of supporting cells. Discussion This improved knowledge of Notch signaling during primate cochlear development will facilitate the development of future regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hosoya
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku City, Japan
| | - Masato Fujioka
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku City, Japan
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ozawa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku City, Japan
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Brown AD, Hayward T, Portfors CV, Coffin AB. On the value of diverse organisms in auditory research: From fish to flies to humans. Hear Res 2023; 432:108754. [PMID: 37054531 PMCID: PMC10424633 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2023.108754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Historically, diverse organisms have contributed to our understanding of auditory function. In recent years, the laboratory mouse has become the prevailing non-human model in auditory research, particularly for biomedical studies. There are many questions in auditory research for which the mouse is the most appropriate (or the only) model system available. But mice cannot provide answers for all auditory problems of basic and applied importance, nor can any single model system provide a synthetic understanding of the diverse solutions that have evolved to facilitate effective detection and use of acoustic information. In this review, spurred by trends in funding and publishing and inspired by parallel observations in other domains of neuroscience, we highlight a few examples of the profound impact and lasting benefits of comparative and basic organismal research in the auditory system. We begin with the serendipitous discovery of hair cell regeneration in non-mammalian vertebrates, a finding that has fueled an ongoing search for pathways to hearing restoration in humans. We then turn to the problem of sound source localization - a fundamental task that most auditory systems have been compelled to solve despite large variation in the magnitudes and kinds of spatial acoustic cues available, begetting varied direction-detecting mechanisms. Finally, we consider the power of work in highly specialized organisms to reveal exceptional solutions to sensory problems - and the diverse returns of deep neuroethological inquiry - via the example of echolocating bats. Throughout, we consider how discoveries made possible by comparative and curiosity-driven organismal research have driven fundamental scientific, biomedical, and technological advances in the auditory field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Brown
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, 1417 NE 42nd St, Seattle, WA, 98105 USA; Virginia-Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, 1701 NE Columbia Rd, Seattle, WA, 98195 USA.
| | - Tamasen Hayward
- College of Arts and Sciences, Washington State University, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA
| | - Christine V Portfors
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA
| | - Allison B Coffin
- College of Arts and Sciences, Washington State University, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA; School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA; Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA.
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12
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Future Pharmacotherapy for Sensorineural Hearing Loss by Protection and Regeneration of Auditory Hair Cells. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030777. [PMID: 36986638 PMCID: PMC10054686 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss has been a global burden of diseases for decades. However, according to recent progress in experimental studies on hair cell regeneration and protection, clinical trials of pharmacotherapy for sensorineural hearing loss have rapidly progressed. In this review, we focus on recent clinical trials for hair cell protection and regeneration and outline mechanisms based on associated experimental studies. Outcomes of recent clinical trials provided valuable data regarding the safety and tolerability of intra-cochlear and intra-tympanic applications as drug delivery methods. Recent findings in molecular mechanisms of hair cell regeneration suggested the realization of regenerative medicine for sensorineural hearing loss in the near future.
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13
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Qiao L, Gu Y, Guo S, Li S, Wang J, Hao Z, Luo Y, Liu X, Li S, Zhao F, Li M. The Identification and Characteristics of miRNAs Related to Cashmere Fiber Traits in Skin Tissue of Cashmere Goats. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:473. [PMID: 36833400 PMCID: PMC9957446 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the regulation of biological phenomena by down-regulating the expression of mRNAs. In this study, Liaoning cashmere (LC) goats (n = 6) and Ziwuling black (ZB) goats (n = 6) with different cashmere fiber production performances were selected. We supposed that miRNAs are responsible for the cashmere fiber trait differences. To test the hypothesis, the expression profiles of miRNAs from the skin tissue of the two caprine breeds were compared using small RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). A total of 1293 miRNAs were expressed in the caprine skin samples, including 399 known caprine miRNAs, 691 known species-conserved miRNAs, and 203 novel miRNAs. Compared with ZB goats, 112 up-regulated miRNAs, and 32 down-regulated miRNAs were found in LC goats. The target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs were remarkably concentrated on some terms and pathways associated with cashmere fiber performance, including binding, cell, cellular protein modification process, and Wnt, Notch, and MAPK signaling pathways. The miRNA-mRNA interaction network found that 14 miRNAs selected may contribute to cashmere fiber traits regulation by targeting functional genes associated with hair follicle activities. The results have reinforced others leading to a solid foundation for further investigation of the influences of individual miRNAs on cashmere fiber traits in cashmere goats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jiqing Wang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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14
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Wang J, Zheng J, Wang H, He H, Li S, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Xu X, Wang S. Gene therapy: an emerging therapy for hair cells regeneration in the cochlea. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1177791. [PMID: 37207182 PMCID: PMC10188948 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1177791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss is typically caused by damage to the cochlear hair cells (HCs) due to external stimuli or because of one's genetic factors and the inability to convert sound mechanical energy into nerve impulses. Adult mammalian cochlear HCs cannot regenerate spontaneously; therefore, this type of deafness is usually considered irreversible. Studies on the developmental mechanisms of HC differentiation have revealed that nonsensory cells in the cochlea acquire the ability to differentiate into HCs after the overexpression of specific genes, such as Atoh1, which makes HC regeneration possible. Gene therapy, through in vitro selection and editing of target genes, transforms exogenous gene fragments into target cells and alters the expression of genes in target cells to activate the corresponding differentiation developmental program in target cells. This review summarizes the genes that have been associated with the growth and development of cochlear HCs in recent years and provides an overview of gene therapy approaches in the field of HC regeneration. It concludes with a discussion of the limitations of the current therapeutic approaches to facilitate the early implementation of this therapy in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jipeng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianwei Zheng
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haoying He
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - You Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: You Wang,
| | - Xiaoxiang Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Xiaoxiang Xu,
| | - Shuyi Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Shuyi Wang,
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15
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Chen X, Wan H, Bai Y, Zhang Y, Hua Q. Advances in Understanding the Notch Signaling Pathway in the Cochlea. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:3266-3273. [PMID: 37990430 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128273532231103110910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The cochlear structure is highly complex and specific, and its development is regulated by multiple signaling pathways. Abnormalities in cochlear development can lead to different degrees of loss of function. Hair cells (HCs), which are difficult to regenerate in the mature mammalian cochlea, are susceptible to damage from noise and ototoxic drugs, and damage to HCs can cause hearing loss to varying degrees. Notch, a classical developmental signaling molecule, has been shown to be closely associated with embryonic cochlear development and plays an important role in HC regeneration in mammals, suggesting that the Notch signaling pathway may be a potential therapeutic target for cochlear development and hearing impairment due to HC damage. In recent years, the important role of the Notch signaling pathway in the cochlea has received increasing attention. In this paper, we review the role of Notch signaling in cochlear development and HC regeneration, with the aim of providing new research ideas for the prevention and treatment of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Huanzhi Wan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yutong Bai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Qingquan Hua
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
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16
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Zhang Z, Chai R. Hear the sounds: The role of G Protein-Coupled Receptors in the cochlea. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C1088-C1099. [PMID: 35938679 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00453.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sound is converted by hair cells in the cochlea into electrical signals, which are transmitted by spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) and heard by the auditory cortex. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are crucial receptors that regulate a wide range of physiological functions in different organ and tissues. The research of GPCRs in the cochlea is essential for the understanding of the cochlea development, hearing disorders, and the treatment for hearing loss. Recently, several GPCRs have been found to play important roles in the cochlea. Frizzleds and Lgrs are dominant GPCRs that regulate stem cell self-renew abilities. Moreover, Frizzleds and Celsrs have been demonstrated to play core roles in the modulation of cochlear planar cell polarity (PCP). In addition, hearing loss can be caused by mutations of certain GPCRs, such as Vlgr1, Gpr156, S1P2 and Gpr126. And A1, A2A and CB2 activation by agonists have protective functions on noise- or drug-induced hearing loss. Here, we review the key findings of GPCR in the cochlea, and discuss the role of GPCR in the cochlea, such as stem cell fate, PCP, hearing loss, and hearing protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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17
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Huang J, Sun X, Wang H, Chen R, Yang Y, Hu J, Zhang Y, Gui F, Huang J, Yang L, Hong Y. Conditional overexpression of neuritin in supporting cells (SCs) mitigates hair cell (HC) damage and induces HC regeneration in the adult mouse cochlea after drug-induced ototoxicity. Hear Res 2022; 420:108515. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2022.108515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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18
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Ma X, Zhang S, Qin S, Guo J, Yuan J, Qiang R, Zhou S, Cao W, Yang J, Ma F, Chai R. Transcriptomic and epigenomic analyses explore the potential role of H3K4me3 in neomycin-induced cochlear Lgr5+ progenitor cell regeneration of hair cells. Hum Cell 2022; 35:1030-1044. [DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00727-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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19
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Foster AC, Jacques BE, Piu F. Hearing loss: The final frontier of pharmacology. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2022; 10:e00970. [PMID: 35599339 PMCID: PMC9124819 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite a prevalence greater than cancer or diabetes, there are no currently approved drugs for the treatment of hearing loss. Research over the past two decades has led to a vastly improved understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms in the cochlea that lead to hearing deficits and the advent of novel strategies to combat them. Combined with innovative methods that enable local drug delivery to the inner ear, these insights have paved the way for promising therapies that are now under clinical investigation. In this review, we will outline this renaissance of cochlear biology and drug development, focusing on noise, age-related, and chemotherapy-induced hearing dysfunction.
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20
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Liu SS, Yang R. Inner Ear Drug Delivery for Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Current Challenges and Opportunities. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:867453. [PMID: 35685768 PMCID: PMC9170894 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.867453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most therapies for treating sensorineural hearing loss are challenged by the delivery across multiple tissue barriers to the hard-to-access anatomical location of the inner ear. In this review, we will provide a recent update on various pharmacotherapy, gene therapy, and cell therapy approaches used in clinical and preclinical studies for the treatment of sensorineural hearing loss and approaches taken to overcome the drug delivery barriers in the ear. Small-molecule drugs for pharmacotherapy can be delivered via systemic or local delivery, where the blood-labyrinth barrier hinders the former and tissue barriers including the tympanic membrane, the round window membrane, and/or the oval window hinder the latter. Meanwhile, gene and cell therapies often require targeted delivery to the cochlea, which is currently achieved via intra-cochlear or intra-labyrinthine injection. To improve the stability of the biomacromolecules during treatment, e.g., RNAs, DNAs, proteins, additional packing vehicles are often required. To address the diverse range of biological barriers involved in inner ear drug delivery, each class of therapy and the intended therapeutic cargoes will be discussed in this review, in the context of delivery routes commonly used, delivery vehicles if required (e.g., viral and non-viral nanocarriers), and other strategies to improve drug permeation and sustained release (e.g., hydrogel, nanocarriers, permeation enhancers, and microfluidic systems). Overall, this review aims to capture the important advancements and key steps in the development of inner ear therapies and delivery strategies over the past two decades for the treatment and prophylaxis of sensorineural hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie S. Liu
- Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Rong Yang
- Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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21
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Cai W, Shen K, Ji P, Jia Y, Han S, Zhang W, Hu X, Yang X, Han J, Hu D. The Notch pathway attenuates burn-induced acute lung injury in rats by repressing reactive oxygen species. BURNS & TRAUMA 2022; 10:tkac008. [PMID: 35441079 PMCID: PMC9014447 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkac008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common complication following severe burns. The underlying mechanisms of ALI are incompletely understood; thus, available treatments are not sufficient to repair the lung tissue after ALI. Methods To investigate the relationship between the Notch pathway and burn-induced lung injury, we established a rat burn injury model by scalding and verified lung injury via lung injury evaluations, including hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, lung injury scoring, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and wet/dry ratio analyses, myeloperoxidase immunohistochemical staining and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation analysis. To explore whether burn injury affects Notch1 expression, we detected the expression of Notch1 and Hes1 after burn injury. Then, we extracted pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) and conducted Notch pathway inhibition and activation experiments, via a γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI) and OP9-DLL1 coculture, respectively, to verify the regulatory effect of the Notch pathway on ROS accumulation and apoptosis in burn-serum-stimulated PMVECs. To investigate the regulatory effect of the Notch pathway on ROS accumulation, we detected the expression of oxidative-stress-related molecules such as superoxide dismutase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) 2, NOX4 and cleaved caspase-3. NOX4-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) and the inhibitor GKT137831 were used to verify the regulatory effect of the Notch pathway on ROS via NOX4. Results We successfully established a burn model and revealed that lung injury, excessive ROS accumulation and an inflammatory response occurred. Notch1 detection showed that the expression of Notch1 was significantly increased after burn injury. In PMVECs challenged with burn serum, ROS and cell death were elevated. Moreover, when the Notch pathway was suppressed by GSI, ROS and cell apoptosis levels were significantly increased. Conversely, these parameters were reduced when the Notch pathway was activated by OP9-DLL1. Mechanistically, the inhibition of NOX4 by siRNA and GKT137831 showed that the Notch pathway reduced ROS production and cell apoptosis by downregulating the expression of NOX4 in PMVECs. Conclusions The Notch pathway reduced ROS production and apoptosis by downregulating the expression of NOX4 in burn-stimulated PMVECs. The Notch-NOX4 pathway may be a novel therapeutic target to treat burn-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixia Cai
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Kuo Shen
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Peng Ji
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yanhui Jia
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Shichao Han
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wanfu Zhang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiaolong Hu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xuekang Yang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Juntao Han
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Dahai Hu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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22
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Hu Z, Singh A, Bojrab D, Sim N. Insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating mammalian hair cell regeneration. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 29:400-406. [PMID: 34374666 DOI: 10.1097/moo.0000000000000752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To give an overview of recent advances in mammalian auditory hair cell regeneration. RECENT FINDINGS Supporting cells act as progenitors to regenerate hair cells in the prehearing mammalian cochlea but not in the mature cochlea. To overcome this developmental obstacle, manipulation of multiple genes and intracellular pathways has been investigated, which has obtained promising data. This review focuses on recent advances in auditory hair cell regeneration, including synergic gene regulation associated with Atoh1 and Notch signaling, epigenetics, and functional recovery of regenerated hair cells. Co-manipulation of genes critical for hair cell development and cell cycle re-entry, including Atoh1, Isl1, Pou4f3, Gata3, Gfi1, P27kip1, RB, Myc, and Notch-signaling genes, has generated hair cell-like cells in the adult cochlea both in vitro and in vivo. The epigenetic mechanism has been studied in hair cell development and regeneration. Regeneration of hair cell function has a very limited progress, which lacks in-vitro and in-vivo electrophysiology data. SUMMARY Regeneration of adult auditory hair cells remains a major challenge. Manipulation of multiple genes and pathways together with epigenetic regulation might potentially regenerate functional hair cells in the adult mammalian cochlea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqing Hu
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit
| | - Aditi Singh
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit
| | - Dennis Bojrab
- Michigan Ear Institute, Farmington Hills, Michigan, USA
| | - Nathan Sim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit
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23
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Liu Q, Zhang L, Zhu MS, Wan G. High-throughput screening on cochlear organoids identifies VEGFR-MEK-TGFB1 signaling promoting hair cell reprogramming. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:2257-2273. [PMID: 34525385 PMCID: PMC8452601 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hair cell degeneration is a major cause of sensorineural hearing loss. Hair cells in mammalian cochlea do not spontaneously regenerate, posing a great challenge for restoration of hearing. Here, we establish a robust, high-throughput cochlear organoid platform that facilitates 3D expansion of cochlear progenitor cells and differentiation of hair cells in a temporally regulated manner. High-throughput screening of the FDA-approved drug library identified regorafenib, a VEGFR inhibitor, as a potent small molecule for hair cell differentiation. Regorafenib also promotes reprogramming and maturation of hair cells in both normal and neomycin-damaged cochlear explants. Mechanistically, inhibition of VEGFR suppresses TGFB1 expression via the MEK pathway and TGFB1 downregulation directly mediates the effect of regorafenib on hair cell reprogramming. Our study not only demonstrates the power of a cochlear organoid platform in high-throughput analyses of hair cell physiology but also highlights VEGFR-MEK-TGFB1 signaling crosstalk as a potential target for hair cell regeneration and hearing restoration. Cochlear organoids can be derived from both LGR5+ and LGR5– supporting cells HTS using cochlear organoids identifies regorafenib for hair cell differentiation Regorafenib promotes hair cell reprogramming and maturation in cochlear explants Regorafenib acts via a NOTCH-independent and VEGFR-MEK-TGFB1-dependent mechanism
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210032, China
| | - Linqing Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210032, China
| | - Min-Sheng Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210032, China
| | - Guoqiang Wan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210032, China; Research Institute of Otolaryngology, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, 210008 Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210032, China; Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210032, China.
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24
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Xu S, Yang N. Research Progress on the Mechanism of Cochlear Hair Cell Regeneration. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:732507. [PMID: 34489646 PMCID: PMC8417573 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.732507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian inner ear hair cells do not have the ability to spontaneously regenerate, so their irreversible damage is the main cause of sensorineural hearing loss. The damage and loss of hair cells are mainly caused by factors such as aging, infection, genetic factors, hypoxia, autoimmune diseases, ototoxic drugs, or noise exposure. In recent years, research on the regeneration and functional recovery of mammalian auditory hair cells has attracted more and more attention in the field of auditory research. How to regenerate and protect hair cells or auditory neurons through biological methods and rebuild auditory circuits and functions are key scientific issues that need to be resolved in this field. This review mainly summarizes and discusses the recent research progress in gene therapy and molecular mechanisms related to hair cell regeneration in the field of sensorineural hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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25
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Erni ST, Gill JC, Palaferri C, Fernandes G, Buri M, Lazarides K, Grandgirard D, Edge ASB, Leib SL, Roccio M. Hair Cell Generation in Cochlear Culture Models Mediated by Novel γ-Secretase Inhibitors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:710159. [PMID: 34485296 PMCID: PMC8414802 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.710159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss is prevalent within society affecting the quality of life of 460 million worldwide. In the majority of cases, this is due to insult or degeneration of mechanosensory hair cells in the cochlea. In adult mammals, hair cell loss is irreversible as sensory cells are not replaced spontaneously. Genetic inhibition of Notch signaling had been shown to induce hair cell formation by transdifferentiation of supporting cells in young postnatal rodents and provided an impetus for targeting Notch pathway with small molecule inhibitors for hearing restoration. Here, the oto-regenerative potential of different γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) was evaluated in complementary assay models, including cell lines, organotypic cultures of the organ of Corti and cochlear organoids to characterize two novel GSIs (CPD3 and CPD8). GSI-treatment induced hair cell gene expression in all these models and was effective in increasing hair cell numbers, in particular outer hair cells, both in baseline conditions and in response to ototoxic damage. Hair cells were generated from transdifferentiation of supporting cells. Similar findings were obtained in cochlear organoid cultures, used for the first time to probe regeneration following sisomicin-induced damage. Finally, effective absorption of a novel GSI through the round window membrane and hair cell induction was attained in a whole cochlea culture model and in vivo pharmacokinetic comparisons of transtympanic delivery of GSIs and different vehicle formulations were successfully conducted in guinea pigs. This preclinical evaluation of targeting Notch signaling with novel GSIs illustrates methods of characterization for hearing restoration molecules, enabling translation to more complex animal studies and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia T Erni
- Neuroinfection Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Cluster for Regenerative Neuroscience, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Inner Ear Research, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - John C Gill
- Audion Therapeutics B.V., Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carlotta Palaferri
- Neuroinfection Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Cluster for Regenerative Neuroscience, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Inner Ear Research, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gabriella Fernandes
- Neuroinfection Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Cluster for Regenerative Neuroscience, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Inner Ear Research, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michelle Buri
- Neuroinfection Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Cluster for Regenerative Neuroscience, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Inner Ear Research, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Denis Grandgirard
- Neuroinfection Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Cluster for Regenerative Neuroscience, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Albert S B Edge
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Stephen L Leib
- Neuroinfection Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Cluster for Regenerative Neuroscience, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marta Roccio
- Cluster for Regenerative Neuroscience, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Inner Ear Research, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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26
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Elliott KL, Pavlinkova G, Chizhikov VV, Yamoah EN, Fritzsch B. Neurog1, Neurod1, and Atoh1 are essential for spiral ganglia, cochlear nuclei, and cochlear hair cell development. Fac Rev 2021; 10:47. [PMID: 34131657 PMCID: PMC8170689 DOI: 10.12703/r/10-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We review the molecular basis of three related basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) genes (Neurog1, Neurod1, and Atoh1) and upstream regulators Eya1/Six1, Sox2, Pax2, Gata3, Fgfr2b, Foxg1, and Lmx1a/b during the development of spiral ganglia, cochlear nuclei, and cochlear hair cells. Neuronal development requires early expression of Neurog1, followed by its downstream target Neurod1, which downregulates Atoh1 expression. In contrast, hair cells and cochlear nuclei critically depend on Atoh1 and require Neurod1 and Neurog1 expression for various aspects of development. Several experiments show a partial uncoupling of Atoh1/Neurod1 (spiral ganglia and cochlea) and Atoh1/Neurog1/Neurod1 (cochlear nuclei). In this review, we integrate the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate the development of auditory system and provide novel insights into the restoration of hearing loss, beyond the limited generation of lost sensory neurons and hair cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Elliott
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Gabriela Pavlinkova
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Victor V Chizhikov
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Ebenezer N Yamoah
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Bernd Fritzsch
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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27
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Warnecke A, Giesemann A. Embryology, Malformations, and Rare Diseases of the Cochlea. Laryngorhinootologie 2021; 100:S1-S43. [PMID: 34352899 PMCID: PMC8354575 DOI: 10.1055/a-1349-3824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite the low overall prevalence of individual rare diseases, cochlear
dysfunction leading to hearing loss represents a symptom in a large
proportion. The aim of this work was to provide a clear overview of rare
cochlear diseases, taking into account the embryonic development of the
cochlea and the systematic presentation of the different disorders. Although
rapid biotechnological and bioinformatic advances may facilitate the
diagnosis of a rare disease, an interdisciplinary exchange is often required
to raise the suspicion of a rare disease. It is important to recognize that
the phenotype of rare inner ear diseases can vary greatly not only in
non-syndromic but also in syndromic hearing disorders. Finally, it becomes
clear that the phenotype of the individual rare diseases cannot be
determined exclusively by classical genetics even in monogenetic
disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasia Warnecke
- Klinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover.,Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Exzellenzcluster"Hearing4all" - EXC 2177/1 - Project ID 390895286
| | - Anja Giesemann
- Institut für Neuroradiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover
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28
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Gao J, Fan L, Zhao L, Su Y. The interaction of Notch and Wnt signaling pathways in vertebrate regeneration. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 10:11. [PMID: 33791915 PMCID: PMC8012441 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-020-00072-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration is an evolutionarily conserved process in animal kingdoms, however, the regenerative capacities differ from species and organ/tissues. Mammals possess very limited regenerative potential to replace damaged organs, whereas non-mammalian species usually have impressive abilities to regenerate organs. The regeneration process requires proper spatiotemporal regulation from key signaling pathways. The canonical Notch and Wnt signaling pathways, two fundamental signals guiding animal development, have been demonstrated to play significant roles in the regeneration of vertebrates. In recent years, increasing evidence has implicated the cross-talking between Notch and Wnt signals during organ regeneration. In this review, we summarize the roles of Notch signaling and Wnt signaling during several representative organ regenerative events, emphasizing the functions and molecular bases of their interplay in these processes, shedding light on utilizing these two signaling pathways to enhance regeneration in mammals and design legitimate therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Gao
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China.,College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Lixia Fan
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China.,College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Long Zhao
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China. .,College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China.
| | - Ying Su
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China. .,College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China.
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29
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Hu Y, Ma X. Icariin Treatment Protects Against Gentamicin-Induced Ototoxicity via Activation of the AMPK-SIRT3 Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:620741. [PMID: 33679402 PMCID: PMC7930742 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.620741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ototoxicity is a serious health problem that greatly affects millions of people worldwide. This condition is caused by the entry of aminoglycosides into auditory hair cells, subsequently inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and accumulation. Several strategies have been adopted to overcome irreversible ROS-induced hair cell loss in mammals. In recent years, icariin, a major active component of the traditional herb Epimedium, has been widely studied and revealed to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. In this study, we found that icariin pretreatment improved the survival rate of gentamicin-treated House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 (HEI-OC1) cells and cochlear explants. Icariin remarkably suppressed HEI-OC1 cell apoptosis and inhibited ROS production in cells. Notably, icariin upregulated PGC-1α (SIRT3 promoter) and SIRT3 expression in HEI-OC1 cells. In addition, SIRT3 inhibition significantly attenuated the anti-apoptotic effect of icariin. We also found that icariin can increase AMPK phosphorylation. Further studies showed that inhibition of SIRT3 activity had no significant effect on AMPK phosphorylation. Furthermore, the AMPK inhibitor compound C significantly suppressed SIRT3 expression, meaning that AMPK, as an upstream molecule, regulates SIRT3 expression. Meanwhile, inhibition of AMPK activity significantly reduced the protective effect of icariin on gentamicin ototoxicity. Based on these results, icariin exerts its protective effect on gentamicin-induced ototoxicity via activation of the AMPK-SIRT3 signaling pathway, thus providing a new strategy for treating ototoxicity caused by aminoglycoside antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiulan Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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30
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Borse V, Barton M, Arndt H, Kaur T, Warchol ME. Dynamic patterns of YAP1 expression and cellular localization in the developing and injured utricle. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2140. [PMID: 33495483 PMCID: PMC7835353 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77775-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway is a key regulator of tissue development and regeneration. Activation of the Hippo pathway leads to nuclear translocation of the YAP1 transcriptional coactivator, resulting in changes in gene expression and cell cycle entry. Recent studies have demonstrated the nuclear translocation of YAP1 during the development of the sensory organs of the inner ear, but the possible role of YAP1 in sensory regeneration of the inner ear is unclear. The present study characterized the cellular localization of YAP1 in the utricles of mice and chicks, both under normal conditions and after HC injury. During neonatal development, YAP1 expression was observed in the cytoplasm of supporting cells, and was transiently expressed in the cytoplasm of some differentiating hair cells. We also observed temporary nuclear translocation of YAP1 in supporting cells of the mouse utricle after short periods in organotypic culture. However, little or no nuclear translocation of YAP1 was observed in the utricles of neonatal or mature mice after ototoxic injury. In contrast, substantial YAP1 nuclear translocation was observed in the chicken utricle after streptomycin treatment in vitro and in vivo. Together, these data suggest that differences in YAP1 signaling may partially account for the differing regenerative abilities of the avian vs. mammalian inner ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikrant Borse
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, 660 South Euclid Ave, Box 8115, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Matthew Barton
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, 660 South Euclid Ave, Box 8115, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Harry Arndt
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, 660 South Euclid Ave, Box 8115, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Tejbeer Kaur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Nebraska, USA
| | - Mark E Warchol
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, 660 South Euclid Ave, Box 8115, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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31
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Kubota M, Scheibinger M, Jan TA, Heller S. Greater epithelial ridge cells are the principal organoid-forming progenitors of the mouse cochlea. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108646. [PMID: 33472062 PMCID: PMC7847202 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals, hearing loss is irreversible due to the lack of regenerative potential of non-sensory cochlear cells. Neonatal cochlear cells, however, can grow into organoids that harbor sensory epithelial cells, including hair cells and supporting cells. Here, we purify different cochlear cell types from neonatal mice, validate the composition of the different groups with single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and assess the various groups' potential to grow into inner ear organoids. We find that the greater epithelial ridge (GER), a transient cell population that disappears during post-natal cochlear maturation, harbors the most potent organoid-forming cells. We identified three distinct GER cell groups that correlate with a specific spatial distribution of marker genes. Organoid formation was synergistically enhanced when the cells were cultured at increasing density. This effect is not due to diffusible signals but requires direct cell-to-cell contact. Our findings improve the development of cell-based assays to study culture-generated inner ear cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Kubota
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Mirko Scheibinger
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Taha A Jan
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Stefan Heller
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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32
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Lee S, Song JJ, Beyer LA, Swiderski DL, Prieskorn DM, Acar M, Jen HI, Groves AK, Raphael Y. Combinatorial Atoh1 and Gfi1 induction enhances hair cell regeneration in the adult cochlea. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21397. [PMID: 33293609 PMCID: PMC7722738 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78167-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mature mammalian cochlear hair cells (HCs) do not spontaneously regenerate once lost, leading to life-long hearing deficits. Attempts to induce HC regeneration in adult mammals have used over-expression of the HC-specific transcription factor Atoh1, but to date this approach has yielded low and variable efficiency of HC production. Gfi1 is a transcription factor important for HC development and survival. We evaluated the combinatorial effects of Atoh1 and Gfi1 over-expression on HC regeneration using gene transfer methods in neonatal cochlear explants, and in vivo in adult mice. Adenoviral over-expression of Atoh1 and Gfi1 in cultured neonatal cochlear explants resulted in numerous ectopic HC-like cells (HCLCs), with significantly more cells in Atoh1 + Gfi1 cultures than Atoh1 alone. In vitro, ectopic HCLCs emerged in regions medial to inner HCs as well as in the stria vascularis. In vivo experiments were performed in mature Pou4f3DTR mice in which HCs were completely and specifically ablated by administration of diphtheria toxin. Adenoviral expression of Atoh1 or Atoh1 + Gfi1 in cochlear supporting cells induced appearance of HCLCs, with Atoh1 + Gfi1 expression leading to 6.2-fold increase of new HCLCs after 4 weeks compared to Atoh1 alone. New HCLCs were detected throughout the cochlea, exhibited immature stereocilia and survived for at least 8 weeks. Combinatorial Atoh1 and Gfi1 induction is thus a promising strategy to promote HC regeneration in the mature mammalian cochlea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungsu Lee
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jae-Jun Song
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Lisa A Beyer
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Donald L Swiderski
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Diane M Prieskorn
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Melih Acar
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hsin-I Jen
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Andrew K Groves
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Yehoash Raphael
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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33
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Matsunaga M, Kita T, Yamamoto R, Yamamoto N, Okano T, Omori K, Sakamoto S, Nakagawa T. Initiation of Supporting Cell Activation for Hair Cell Regeneration in the Avian Auditory Epithelium: An Explant Culture Model. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:583994. [PMID: 33281558 PMCID: PMC7688741 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.583994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss is a common disability often caused by the loss of sensory hair cells in the cochlea. Hair cell (HCs) regeneration has long been the main target for the development of novel therapeutics for sensorineural hearing loss. In the mammalian cochlea, hair cell regeneration is limited, but the auditory epithelia of non-mammalian organisms retain the capacity for hair cell regeneration. In the avian basilar papilla (BP), supporting cells (SCs), which give rise to regenerated hair cells, are usually quiescent. Hair cell loss induces both direct transdifferentiation and mitotic division of supporting cells. Here, we established an explant culture model for hair cell regeneration in chick basilar papillae and validated it for investigating the initial phase of hair cell regeneration. The histological assessment demonstrated hair cell regeneration via direct transdifferentiation of supporting cells. Labeling with 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) revealed the occurrence of mitotic division in the supporting cells at specific locations in the basilar papillae, while no EdU labeling was observed in newly generated hair cells. RNA sequencing indicated alterations in known signaling pathways associated with hair cell regeneration, consistent with previous findings. Also, unbiased analyses of RNA sequencing data revealed novel genes and signaling pathways that may be related to the induction of supporting cell activation in the chick basilar papillae. These results indicate the advantages of our explant culture model of the chick basilar papillae for exploring the molecular mechanisms of hair cell regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Matsunaga
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kita
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Yamamoto
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Okano
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Omori
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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34
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Research Progress of Hair Cell Protection Mechanism. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:8850447. [PMID: 33133179 PMCID: PMC7568815 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8850447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
How to prevent and treat hearing-related diseases through the protection of hair cells (HCs) is the focus in the field of hearing in recent years. Hearing loss caused by dysfunction or loss of HCs is the main cause of hearing diseases. Therefore, clarifying the related mechanisms of HC development, apoptosis, protection, and regeneration is the main goal of current hearing research. This review introduces the latest research on mechanism of HC protection and regeneration.
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35
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White PM. Perspectives on Human Hearing Loss, Cochlear Regeneration, and the Potential for Hearing Restoration Therapies. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10100756. [PMID: 33092183 PMCID: PMC7589617 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10100756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Most adults who acquire hearing loss find it to be a disability that is poorly corrected by current prosthetics. This gap drives current research in cochlear mechanosensory hair cell regeneration and in hearing restoration. Birds and fish can spontaneously regenerate lost hair cells through a process that has become better defined in the last few years. Findings from these studies have informed new research on hair cell regeneration in the mammalian cochlea. Hair cell regeneration is one part of the greater problem of hearing restoration, as hearing loss can stem from a myriad of causes. This review discusses these issues and recent findings, and places them in the greater social context of need and community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia M White
- Department of Neuroscience, Ernest J. Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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36
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Mahshid SS, Dabdoub A. Development of a novel electrochemical immuno-biosensor for circulating biomarkers of the inner ear. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 165:112369. [PMID: 32729501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Current approaches for diagnosis of hearing or vestibular disorders are mostly based on physical examinations that cannot provide information about the exact location of cellular damage inside the inner ear. Therefore, there is a need for new diagnostic methods capable of identifying the sites of damage through the detection of inner ear blood-circulating biomarkers. Here, we developed the first biosensor platform for rapid detection of otolin-1 and prestin, blood-circulating proteins specifically expressed in the vestibule and cochlea, respectively. The platform was designed on a DNA-based immunoassay that employed conjugated antibodies for target protein recognition, which when bound, altered the DNA-DNA hybridization on the surface, resulting in generation of a concentration-dependent signal. The signal was recorded when the redox moiety brought to the surface by the target enabled a selective electrochemical output directly in whole blood. Signal amplification was acquired by employing high-curvature nanostructured electrodes for sensitive sample analysis at picomolar concentrations with a three-fold quantitative range. The combination of nanostructuring and optimum density of the probes on the surface provided low-picomolar detection limits while utilizing small 10 μL sample volume with a 10-min response time. The proposed immuno-biosensor is highly selective and quantitative and can easily be adapted for rapid detection of any blood-circulating protein using their specific antibodies as recognition elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar S Mahshid
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.
| | - Alain Dabdoub
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H2, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada.
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37
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Shibata SB, West MB, Du X, Iwasa Y, Raphael Y, Kopke RD. Gene therapy for hair cell regeneration: Review and new data. Hear Res 2020; 394:107981. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2020.107981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Aaron KA, Kim GS, Cheng AG. Advances in Inner Ear Therapeutics for Hearing Loss in Children. CURRENT OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY REPORTS 2020; 8:285-294. [DOI: 10.1007/s40136-020-00300-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Durán-Alonso MB. Stem cell-based approaches: Possible route to hearing restoration? World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:422-437. [PMID: 32742560 PMCID: PMC7360988 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i6.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Disabling hearing loss is the most common sensorineural disability worldwide. It affects around 466 million people and its incidence is expected to rise to around 900 million people by 2050, according to World Health Organization estimates. Most cases of hearing impairment are due to the degeneration of hair cells (HCs) in the cochlea, mechano-receptors that transduce incoming sound information into electrical signals that are sent to the brain. Damage to these cells is mainly caused by exposure to aminoglycoside antibiotics and to some anti-cancer drugs such as cisplatin, loud sounds, age, infections and genetic mutations. Hearing deficits may also result from damage to the spiral ganglion neurons that innervate cochlear HCs. Differently from what is observed in avian and non-mammalian species, there is no regeneration of missing sensory cell types in the adult mammalian cochlea, what makes hearing loss an irreversible process. This review summarizes the research that has been conducted with the aim of developing cell-based strategies that lead to sensory cell replacement in the adult cochlea and, ultimately, to hearing restoration. Two main lines of research are discussed, one directed toward the transplantation of exogenous replacement cells into the damaged tissue, and another that aims at reactivating the regenerative potential of putative progenitor cells in the adult inner ear. Results from some of the studies that have been conducted are presented and the advantages and drawbacks of the various approaches discussed.
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Dieter A, Keppeler D, Moser T. Towards the optical cochlear implant: optogenetic approaches for hearing restoration. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e11618. [PMID: 32227585 PMCID: PMC7136966 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201911618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cochlear implants (CIs) are considered the most successful neuroprosthesis as they enable speech comprehension in the majority of half a million CI users suffering from sensorineural hearing loss. By electrically stimulating the auditory nerve, CIs constitute an interface re-connecting the brain and the auditory scene, providing the patient with information regarding the latter. However, since electric current is hard to focus in conductive environments such as the cochlea, the precision of electrical sound encoding-and thus quality of artificial hearing-is limited. Recently, optogenetic stimulation of the cochlea has been suggested as an alternative approach for hearing restoration. Cochlear optogenetics promises increased spectral selectivity of artificial sound encoding, hence improved hearing, as light can conveniently be confined in space to activate the auditory nerve within smaller tonotopic ranges. In this review, we discuss the latest experimental and technological developments of cochlear optogenetics and outline the remaining challenges on the way to clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Dieter
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLabUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Göttingen Graduate School for NeurosciencesBiophysics and Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Daniel Keppeler
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLabUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Tobias Moser
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLabUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Auditory Neuroscience and Optogenetics LaboratoryGerman Primate CenterGöttingenGermany
- Auditory Neuroscience GroupMax Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingenGermany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells” (MBExC)University of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
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Brown R, Groves AK. Hear, Hear for Notch: Control of Cell Fates in the Inner Ear by Notch Signaling. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030370. [PMID: 32121147 PMCID: PMC7175228 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate inner ear is responsible for detecting sound, gravity, and head motion. These mechanical forces are detected by mechanosensitive hair cells, arranged in a series of sensory patches in the vestibular and cochlear regions of the ear. Hair cells form synapses with neurons of the VIIIth cranial ganglion, which convey sound and balance information to the brain. They are surrounded by supporting cells, which nourish and protect the hair cells, and which can serve as a source of stem cells to regenerate hair cells after damage in non-mammalian vertebrates. The Notch signaling pathway plays many roles in the development of the inner ear, from the earliest formation of future inner ear ectoderm on the side of the embryonic head, to regulating the production of supporting cells, hair cells, and the neurons that innervate them. Notch signaling is re-deployed in non-mammalian vertebrates during hair cell regeneration, and attempts have been made to manipulate the Notch pathway to promote hair cell regeneration in mammals. In this review, we summarize the different modes of Notch signaling in inner ear development and regeneration, and describe how they interact with other signaling pathways to orchestrate the fine-grained cellular patterns of the ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogers Brown
- Program in Developmental Biology; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Andrew K. Groves
- Program in Developmental Biology; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Department of Neuroscience; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-713-798-8743
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Hoa M, Olszewski R, Li X, Taukulis I, Gu S, DeTorres A, Lopez IA, Linthicum FH, Ishiyama A, Martin D, Morell RJ, Kelley MW. Characterizing Adult Cochlear Supporting Cell Transcriptional Diversity Using Single-Cell RNA-Seq: Validation in the Adult Mouse and Translational Implications for the Adult Human Cochlea. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:13. [PMID: 32116546 PMCID: PMC7012811 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss is a problem that impacts a significant proportion of the adult population. Cochlear hair cell (HC) loss due to loud noise, chemotherapy and aging is the major underlying cause. A significant proportion of these individuals are dissatisfied with available treatment options which include hearing aids and cochlear implants. An alternative approach to restore hearing would be to regenerate HCs. Such therapy would require a recapitulation of the complex architecture of the organ of Corti, necessitating regeneration of both mature HCs and supporting cells (SCs). Transcriptional profiles of the mature cell types in the cochlea are necessary to can provide a metric for eventual regeneration therapies. To assist in this effort, we sought to provide the first single-cell characterization of the adult cochlear SC transcriptome. We performed single-cell RNA-Seq on FACS-purified adult cochlear SCs from the LfngEGFP adult mouse, in which SCs express GFP. We demonstrate that adult cochlear SCs are transcriptionally distinct from their perinatal counterparts. We establish cell-type-specific adult cochlear SC transcriptome profiles, and we validate these expression profiles through a combination of both fluorescent immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization co-localization and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) of adult cochlear SCs. Furthermore, we demonstrate the relevance of these profiles to the adult human cochlea through immunofluorescent human temporal bone histopathology. Finally, we demonstrate cell cycle regulator expression in adult SCs and perform pathway analyses to identify potential mechanisms for facilitating mitotic regeneration (cell proliferation, differentiation, and eventually regeneration) in the adult mammalian cochlea. Our findings demonstrate the importance of characterizing mature as opposed to perinatal SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hoa
- Auditory Restoration and Development Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rafal Olszewski
- Auditory Restoration and Development Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- Auditory Restoration and Development Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ian Taukulis
- Auditory Restoration and Development Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Shoujun Gu
- Auditory Restoration and Development Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Alvin DeTorres
- Auditory Restoration and Development Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ivan A Lopez
- National Temporal Bone Laboratory at UCLA, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Cellular and Molecular Biology of the Inner Ear Laboratory, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Fred H Linthicum
- National Temporal Bone Laboratory at UCLA, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Cellular and Molecular Biology of the Inner Ear Laboratory, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Akira Ishiyama
- National Temporal Bone Laboratory at UCLA, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Cellular and Molecular Biology of the Inner Ear Laboratory, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Daniel Martin
- Biomedical Research Informatics Office, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Robert J Morell
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Matthew W Kelley
- Laboratory of Cochlear Development, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Novel insights into inner ear development and regeneration for targeted hearing loss therapies. Hear Res 2019; 397:107859. [PMID: 31810596 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2019.107859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss is the most common sensory deficit in humans. Despite the global scale of the problem, only limited treatment options are available today. The mammalian inner ear is a highly specialized postmitotic organ, which lacks proliferative or regenerative capacity. Since the discovery of hair cell regeneration in non-mammalian species however, much attention has been placed on identifying possible strategies to reactivate similar responses in humans. The development of successful regenerative approaches for hearing loss strongly depends on a detailed understanding of the mechanisms that control human inner ear cellular specification, differentiation and function, as well as on the development of robust in vitro cellular assays, based on human inner ear cells, to study these processes and optimize therapeutic interventions. We summarize here some aspects of inner ear development and strategies to induce regeneration that have been investigated in rodents. Moreover, we discuss recent findings in human inner ear development and compare the results with findings from animal models. Finally, we provide an overview of strategies for in vitro generation of human sensory cells from pluripotent and somatic progenitors that may provide a platform for drug development and validation of therapeutic strategies in vitro.
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Naz S, Friedman TB. Growth factor and receptor malfunctions associated with human genetic deafness. Clin Genet 2019; 97:138-155. [PMID: 31506927 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A variety of different signaling pathways are necessary for development and maintenance of the human auditory system. Normal hearing allows for the detection of soft sounds within the frequency range of 20 to 20 000 Hz, but more importantly to perceive the human voice frequency band of 250 to 6000 Hz. Loss of hearing is common, and is a clinically heterogeneous disorder that can be caused by environmental factors such as exposure to loud noise, infections and ototoxic drugs. In addition, variants of hundreds of genes have been reported to disrupt processes required for hearing. Noncoding regulatory variants and variants of additional genes necessary for hearing remain to be discovered as many individuals with inherited deafness are without a genetic diagnosis, despite the advent of whole exome sequencing. Here, we discuss in detail some of these deafness-causing variants of genes encoding a ligand or its receptor. Spotlighted in this review are three growth factor-receptor-pairs EDN3/EDNRB, HGF/MET and JAG/NOTCH, which individually are necessary for normal hearing. We also offer our perspective on unanswered questions, future challenges and potential opportunities for treatments emerging from molecular genetic and mechanistic studies of deafness due to these causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Naz
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Thomas B Friedman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Ma Y, Wise AK, Shepherd RK, Richardson RT. New molecular therapies for the treatment of hearing loss. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 200:190-209. [PMID: 31075354 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An estimated 466 million people suffer from hearing loss worldwide. Sensorineural hearing loss is characterized by degeneration of key structures of the sensory pathway in the cochlea such as the sensory hair cells, the primary auditory neurons and their synaptic connection to the hair cells - the ribbon synapse. Various strategies to protect or regenerate these sensory cells and structures are the subject of intensive research. Yet despite recent advances in our understandings of the capacity of the cochlea for repair and regeneration there are currently no pharmacological or biological interventions for hearing loss. Current research focusses on localized cochlear drug, gene and cell-based therapies. One of the more promising drug-based therapies is based on neurotrophic factors for the repair of the ribbon synapse after noise exposure, as well as preventing loss of primary auditory neurons and regrowth of the auditory neuron fibers after severe hearing loss. Drug therapy delivery technologies are being employed to address the specific needs of neurotrophin and other therapies for hearing loss that include the need for high doses, long-term delivery, localised or cell-specific targeting and techniques for their safe and efficacious delivery to the cochlea. Novel biomaterials are enabling high payloads of drugs to be administered to the cochlea with subsequent slow-release properties that are proving to be beneficial for treating hearing loss. In parallel, new gene therapy technologies are addressing the need for cell specificity and high efficacy for the treatment of both genetic and acquired hearing loss with promising reports of hearing recovery. Some biomaterials and cell therapies are being used in conjunction with the cochlear implant ensuring therapeutic benefit to the primary neurons during electrical stimulation. This review will introduce the auditory system, hearing loss and the potential for repair and regeneration in the cochlea. Drug delivery to the cochlea will then be reviewed, with a focus on new biomaterials, gene therapy technologies, cell therapy and the use of the cochlear implant as a vehicle for drug delivery. With the current pre-clinical research effort into therapies for hearing loss, including clinical trials for gene therapy, the future for the treatment for hearing loss is looking bright.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutian Ma
- Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Chemical Engineering, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew K Wise
- Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Medical Bionics Department, East Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery - Otolaryngology, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robert K Shepherd
- Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Medical Bionics Department, East Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery - Otolaryngology, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rachael T Richardson
- Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Medical Bionics Department, East Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery - Otolaryngology, East Melbourne, Australia.
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