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Dempsey AF, Maertens J, Sevick C, Jimenez-Zambrano A, Juarez-Colunga E. A randomized, controlled, pragmatic trial of an iPad-based, tailored messaging intervention to increase human papillomavirus vaccination among Latinos. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 15:1577-1584. [PMID: 30689494 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1559685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes a number of cancers that disproportionally affect Latinos yet there is a paucity of research on interventions to increase HPV vaccination among this population. We sought to evaluate the efficacy of a web-based, individually customizable intervention, called CHICOs (Combatting HPV Infection and Cancers, tailored intervention) for its impact on HPV vaccine utilization. We conducted a three-armed, randomized, controlled trial in the waiting rooms of five family medicine practices from June 2014-February 2016 where CHICOS was compared to an iPad-based version of the Vaccine Information Sheet from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (untailored intervention), and usual care. Pair-wise comparisons between study arms of 6 different measures of HPV vaccine uptake were assessed, with analyses stratified by adolescents versus young adults. Of the 1,294 participants enrolled in the study, 1,013 individuals could be assessed for vaccination. Across study arms, 265 adolescents, but only 18 young adults, received an HPV vaccine dose during the study period. In both intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses there were essentially no differences between the CHICOS and untailored arms in any vaccination measure, or between the untailored or CHICOS arms and usual care. Our study suggests that a tailored educational intervention may not be effective for increasing HPV vaccine uptake among Latino adolescents or young adults. However, the higher than expected baseline levels of positive vaccination attitudes of study participants could have diminished the statistical power of the study. Trial Registration Number: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02145156).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda F Dempsey
- a Adult and Child Consortium for Outcomes Research and Dissemination Science, University of Colorado , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Julie Maertens
- a Adult and Child Consortium for Outcomes Research and Dissemination Science, University of Colorado , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Carter Sevick
- a Adult and Child Consortium for Outcomes Research and Dissemination Science, University of Colorado , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Andrea Jimenez-Zambrano
- a Adult and Child Consortium for Outcomes Research and Dissemination Science, University of Colorado , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Elizabeth Juarez-Colunga
- a Adult and Child Consortium for Outcomes Research and Dissemination Science, University of Colorado , Aurora, CO , USA.,b Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado , Aurora , CO , USA
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Shelton J, Lu X, Hollenbaugh JA, Cho JH, Amblard F, Schinazi RF. Metabolism, Biochemical Actions, and Chemical Synthesis of Anticancer Nucleosides, Nucleotides, and Base Analogs. Chem Rev 2016; 116:14379-14455. [PMID: 27960273 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nucleoside, nucleotide, and base analogs have been in the clinic for decades to treat both viral pathogens and neoplasms. More than 20% of patients on anticancer chemotherapy have been treated with one or more of these analogs. This review focuses on the chemical synthesis and biology of anticancer nucleoside, nucleotide, and base analogs that are FDA-approved and in clinical development since 2000. We highlight the cellular biology and clinical biology of analogs, drug resistance mechanisms, and compound specificity towards different cancer types. Furthermore, we explore analog syntheses as well as improved and scale-up syntheses. We conclude with a discussion on what might lie ahead for medicinal chemists, biologists, and physicians as they try to improve analog efficacy through prodrug strategies and drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadd Shelton
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , 1760 Haygood Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Xiao Lu
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , 1760 Haygood Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Joseph A Hollenbaugh
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , 1760 Haygood Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Jong Hyun Cho
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , 1760 Haygood Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Franck Amblard
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , 1760 Haygood Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Raymond F Schinazi
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine , 1760 Haygood Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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Dempsey AF, Zimet GD. Interventions to Improve Adolescent Vaccination: What May Work and What Still Needs to Be Tested. Am J Prev Med 2015; 49:S445-54. [PMID: 26272849 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Since the development of the "adolescent platform" of vaccination in 1997, hundreds of studies have been conducted, identifying barriers to and facilitators of adolescent vaccination. More recent research has focused on developing and evaluating interventions to increase uptake of adolescent vaccines. This review describes a selection of recent intervention studies for increasing adolescent vaccination, divided into three categories: those with promising results that may warrant more widespread implementation, those with mixed results requiring more research, and those with proven effectiveness in other domains that have not yet been tested with regard to adolescent vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda F Dempsey
- Adult and Child Center for Outcomes Research and Dissemination Science program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado.
| | - Gregory D Zimet
- Section of Adolescent Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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