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Foster SF, Rundle AG, Tsai I, Genkinger JM, Burns NR, Hoepner LA, Abrego MR, Dube S, Nichols AR, Ramirez-Carvey J, Oberfield SE, Hassoun A, Perera F, Widen EM. Postpartum Obesity Is Associated With Increases in Child Adiposity in Midchildhood in a Cohort of Black and Dominican Youth. Curr Dev Nutr 2024; 8:103770. [PMID: 38948110 PMCID: PMC11214177 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.103770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity disproportionately affects marginalized and low-income populations. Birth parent obesity from the prenatal period and childhood has been associated with child obesity. It is unknown whether prenatal or postnatal birth parent obesity has differential effects on subsequent changes in adiposity and metabolic health in children. Objectives We evaluated how birth parent obesity 7 y after delivery was associated with child body composition changes and cardiometabolic health in midchildhood and further assessed the influence of the perinatal and postpartum period on associations. Methods Black and Dominican pregnant individuals were enrolled, and dyads (n = 319) were followed up at child age 7 and 9 y. Measures included, height, weight, waist circumference (WC), and percent body fat (BF%). Multiple linear regression was used to relate postpartum weight status with child outcomes accounting for attrition, and a series of secondary analyses were conducted with additional adjustment for perinatal weight status, gestational weight gain (GWG), and/or long-term weight retention to evaluate how these factors influenced associations. Results Almost one-quarter (23%) of birth parents and 24.1% children were classified with obesity at child age 7 y, while at 9 y, 30% of children had obesity. Birth parent obesity at child age 7 y was associated with greater changes, from ages 7 to 9 y, in child BMI z-score (β: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.24) and BF% (β: 1.15; 95% CI: 0.22, 2.09) but not obesity at age 9 y. All observed associations crossed the null after additional adjustment for prenatal factors. Conclusions Birth parent obesity at 7-y postpartum is associated with greater gains in child BMI z-score and BF% in midchildhood. These associations diminish after accounting for prenatal size, suggesting a lasting impact of the perinatal environment and that interventions supporting families from the prenatal period through childhood are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saralyn F Foster
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Andrew G Rundle
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Irene Tsai
- School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Jeanine M Genkinger
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Natalie R Burns
- Department of Statistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Lori A Hoepner
- Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Marcela R Abrego
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Sara Dube
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Amy R Nichols
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Judyth Ramirez-Carvey
- Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sharon E Oberfield
- Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
| | - Abeer Hassoun
- Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
| | - Frederica Perera
- Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Elizabeth M Widen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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Hajat A, Andrea SB, Oddo VM, Winkler MR, Ahonen EQ. Ramifications of Precarious Employment for Health and Health Inequity: Emerging Trends from the Americas. Annu Rev Public Health 2024; 45:235-251. [PMID: 38012123 PMCID: PMC11128534 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071321-042437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Precarious employment (PE), which encompasses the power relations between workers and employers, is a well-established social determinant of health that has strong ramifications for health and health inequity. In this review, we discuss advances in the measurement of this multidimensional construct and provide recommendations for overcoming continued measurement challenges. We then evaluate recent evidence of the negative health impacts of PE, with a focus on the burgeoning studies from North America and South America. We also establish the role of PE in maintaining and perpetuating health inequities and review potential policy solutions to help alleviate its health burden. Last, we discuss future research directions with a call for a better understanding of the heterogeneity within PE and for research that focuses both on upstream drivers that shape PE and its impacts on health, as well as on the mechanisms by which PE causes poor health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjum Hajat
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
| | - Sarah B Andrea
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health and Sciences University-Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Vanessa M Oddo
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Megan R Winkler
- Department of Behavioral, Social and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Emily Q Ahonen
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Baek SU, Kim MS, Lim MH, Kim T, Yoon JH, Won JU. Characteristics and Socio-Demographic Distribution of Precarious Employment Among Korean Wage Workers: A Proposition of Multidimensional Approach Using a Summative Score. Saf Health Work 2023; 14:476-482. [PMID: 38187208 PMCID: PMC10770101 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is a growing global interest in the issue of precarious employment. We aimed to analyze the characteristics and socio-demographic distribution of precarious employment using a summative score approach. Methods To operationalize precarious employment, we utilized data from the Korean Working Conditions Survey and focused on three distinct dimensions: employment insecurity, income inadequacy, and a lack of rights and protections. By constructing a summative scale ranging from -16 to 2, with lower scores indicating higher precariousness, we measured employment precariousness among Korean wage workers. To compare employment precariousness according to survey participant characteristics, we employed the Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test. Results We analyzed a weighted number of 38,432 workers. The overall sample showed a median (Q1, Q3) summative scale score of -3 (-6, -1). The median summative score was lower for women compared to men (men: -2; women: -5; p < 0.001), as well as for young or older workers compared to middle-aged workers (young: -4; middle-aged: -2; older: -5; p < 0.001). Similarly, workers with lower educational levels (middle school or below: -8; high school: -5; college or above: -2; p < 0.001) and non-white collar workers (blue collar: -5; service/sales worker: -6; white collar: -2; p < 0.001) experienced higher levels of employment precariousness. Conclusion Our findings indicate that certain vulnerable groups, such as women, young or older adults, workers with low educational attainment, and caregiving or low-skilled elementary workers, are disproportionately exposed to high employment precariousness. Active policy interventions are needed to improve the employment quality of vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Uk Baek
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myeong-Hun Lim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Taeyeon Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Ha Yoon
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Uk Won
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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