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Shwetha H, Rudraswamy S, Sharath S, Guruprasad B. MEMS based metal oxide semiconductor carbon dioxide gas sensor. MICRO AND NANO ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mne.2022.100156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Karlsson O, Rocklöv J, Lehoux AP, Bergquist J, Rutgersson A, Blunt MJ, Birnbaum LS. The human exposome and health in the Anthropocene. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 50:378-389. [PMID: 33349868 PMCID: PMC8128460 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaa231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Karlsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joacim Rocklöv
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Alizée P Lehoux
- Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Analytical Chemistry and Neurochemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Rutgersson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin J Blunt
- Department of Earth Science & Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Linda S Birnbaum
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Toxicology Program, Durham, NC, USA
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Wang H, Chen M, Rong Q, Zhang Y, Hu J, Zhang D, Zhou S, Zhao X, Zhang J, Zhu Z, Liu Q. Ultrasensitive xylene gas sensor based on flower-like SnO 2/Co 3O 4 nanorods composites prepared by facile two-step synthesis method. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:255501. [PMID: 31995528 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab70d1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Xylene is a volatile organic compound which is harmful to the human health and requires precise detection. The detection of xylene by an oxide semiconductor gas sensor is an important research direction. In this work, Co3O4 decorated flower-like SnO2 nanorods (SnO2/Co3O4 NRs) were synthesized by a simple and effective two-step method. The SnO2/Co3O4 NRs show high xylene response (R g/R a = 47.8 for 100 ppm) and selectivity at the operating temperature of 280 °C, and exhibit high stability in continuous testing. The resulting SnO2/Co3O4 NRs nanocomposites show superior sensing performance towards xylene in comparison with pure SnO2 nanorods. The remarkable enhancement in the gas-sensing properties of SnO2/Co3O4 NRs are attributed to larger specific surface area and the formation of p-n heterojunction between Co3O4 and SnO2. These results demonstrate that particular nanostructures and synergistic effect of SnO2 and Co3O4 enable gas sensors to selectively detect xylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huapeng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/nano Materials & Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
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Hussein MMA, Elsadaawy HA, El-Murr A, Ahmed MM, Bedawy AM, Tukur HA, Swelum AAA, Saadeldin IM. Endosulfan toxicity in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and the use of lycopene as an ameliorative agent. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 224:108573. [PMID: 31306802 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Endosulfan is a broad-spectrum organochlorine insecticide that has been commercially in use for decades to control insect pests and has been found to pollute the aquatic environment. The current study was carried out to investigate the toxic effects of endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide, on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), a freshwater fish, and the alleviating effects of lycopene on the induced toxicity. METHODS Four treatment groups of fish were investigated (3 replicates of 15 fish for each group): (1) a control group, (2) a group exposed to endosulfan, (3) a group that was fed on a basal diet supplemented with lycopene, and (4) a group that was fed on a basal diet supplemented with lycopene and exposed to endosulfan. The experiment was carried out over a 4-week period. RESULTS Endosulfan negatively affected liver function, including liver enzymes and plasma proteins. Endosulfan affected blood parameters of fish and reduced the counts of red blood cells (RBCs) and white blood cells (WBCs), as well as affected immunological parameters. Endosulfan caused oxidative stress, as it decreased the values of antioxidants catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione (GSH), and increased the level of lipid peroxide malondialdehyde (MDA). Additionally, endosulfan increased cytochrome P450 (CYP450) levels, while it decreased glutathione S-transferase (GST) mRNA transcript levels and distorted the normal histological structure of the liver, gills, and spleen of affected fish. Conversely, lycopene partially restored the aforementioned parameters when administered concomitantly with endosulfan. CONCLUSION The results showed the beneficial effects of supplementing fish diets with lycopene as a natural antioxidant for ameliorating the toxicity caused by endosulfan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M A Hussein
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Hamad A Elsadaawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Abdelhakeem El-Murr
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mona M Ahmed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Aya M Bedawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hammed A Tukur
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Abdel-Aziz Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Islam M Saadeldin
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt.
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Pelletier M, Glorennec P, Mandin C, Le Bot B, Ramalho O, Mercier F, Bonvallot N. Chemical-by-chemical and cumulative risk assessment of residential indoor exposure to semivolatile organic compounds in France. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 117:22-32. [PMID: 29705548 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The toxic effects of environmental exposure to chemicals are increasingly being studied and confirmed, notably for semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs). These are found in many products and housing materials, from which they are emitted to indoor air, settled dust and other surfaces. OBJECTIVES The objective of this work is to assess the human health risk posed by residential indoor exposure to 32 SVOCs, assessed in previous nationwide studies. METHODS A chemical-by-chemical risk assessment, using a hazard quotient (HQ) or excess risk (ER) method, was supplemented by a cumulative risk assessment (CRA). For CRA, a hazard index (HI) method, as well as higher tier approaches using relative potency factors (RPFs) or toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) were used for the following endpoints: neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, genotoxicity and immunotoxicity. RESULTS HQs were above 1 for 50% of French children from birth to 2 years for BDE 47, and for 5% of children for lindane and dibutyl phthalate (DBP). Corresponding hazards are reprotoxic for BDE 47 and DBP, and immunotoxic for lindane. The CRA approach provided additional information of reprotoxic risks (HI > 1) that may occur for 95% of children and for 5% of the offspring for pregnant women's exposure. The SVOCs contributing most to these risks were PCB 101 and 118, BDE 47, and DBP. The higher tier CRA approaches showed that exposure to dwellings' SVOC mixtures were of concern for 95% of children for neurotoxic compounds having effects linked with neuronal death. To a lesser extent, effects mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) or by a decrease in testosterone levels may concern 5% of children and adults. Lastly, unacceptable immunotoxic risk related to exposure to 8 indoor PCBs was also observed for 5% of children. CONCLUSIONS In view of uncertainties related to compounds' toxicity for humans, these results justify the implementation of preventive measures, as well as the production of more standardized and comprehensive toxicological data for some compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Pelletier
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Philippe Glorennec
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Corinne Mandin
- University of Paris-Est, Scientific and Technical Center for Building (CSTB), Health and Comfort Department, French Indoor Air Quality Observatory (OQAI), 84 Avenue Jean Jaurès, Champs sur Marne, 77447, Marne la Vallée Cedex 2, France
| | - Barbara Le Bot
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Ramalho
- University of Paris-Est, Scientific and Technical Center for Building (CSTB), Health and Comfort Department, French Indoor Air Quality Observatory (OQAI), 84 Avenue Jean Jaurès, Champs sur Marne, 77447, Marne la Vallée Cedex 2, France
| | - Fabien Mercier
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Nathalie Bonvallot
- Univ Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
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Narayana Kurup JK, Mohanty SP. Congenital scoliosis: an anomalous association with endosulfan. BMJ Case Rep 2017; 2017:bcr-2017-220803. [PMID: 29246930 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-220803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Endosulfan is an organochlorine pesticide that is used extensively across the world to kill insects. Incidence of acute and chronic toxicity with endosulfan poisoning has been reported, and nearly 80 countries have banned its use. However, it is still being used in many low-income/middle-income countries. One of the most severe tragedies because of endosulfan poisoning has taken place in the Indian state of Kerala due to persistent aerial spraying of endosulfan. Even though there are reports of skeletal and other congenital abnormalities in humans and experimental animals following exposure to endosulfan, very few have been documented. We report two cases of congenital scoliosis in siblings living in a community affected by high levels of endosulfan in the environment. High index of suspicion is essential during the screening of school children exposed to endosulfan. Congenital scoliosis is a progressive deformity that leads to severe disability, unless detected and corrected at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simanchal P Mohanty
- Department of Orthopaedics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India
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Faroon O, Keith S, Mumtaz M, Ruiz P. Minimal Risk Level Derivation for Cadmium: Acute and Intermediate Duration Exposures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 1:1-12. [PMID: 34414376 DOI: 10.14302/issn.2641-7669.ject-17-1725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) lists cadmium as one of its priority hazardous substances. The agency conducted a comprehensive literature review of cadmium and used the information to develop a toxicological profile that identified the full range of health effects associated with exposure to cadmium. It included an assessment that identified screening levels, termed health guidance values or minimal risk levels (MRLs), below which adverse health effects are not expected. In this paper, we describe how MRLs for cadmium are derived. For the acute inhalation MRL, the traditional no observed adverse effect level or lowest observed adverse effect level (NOAEL/LOAEL) approach is used; for the oral intermediate MRL, the benchmark dose (BMD) approach is used. MRLs were developed for the most sensitive route-specific end points, other than mortality and cancer that were sufficiently supported and justified by the data. These included an acute duration (1-14 day exposure) inhalation MRL of 0.03 µg Cd/m3 for alveolar histiocytic infiltration and focal inflammation in alveolar septa and an intermediate duration (15-365 day exposure) oral MRL of 0.5 µg Cd/kg/day for decreased bone mineral density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obaid Faroon
- Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sam Keith
- Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Moiz Mumtaz
- Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Patricia Ruiz
- Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, Georgia
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He Y, Nie E, Li C, Ye Q, Wang H. Uptake and subcellular distribution of triclosan in typical hydrophytes under hydroponic conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 220:400-406. [PMID: 27692886 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The increasing discharge of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) into the environment has generated serious public concern. The recent awareness of the environmental impact of this emerging class of pollutants and their potential adverse effects on human health have been documented in many reports. However, information regarding uptake and intracellular distribution of PPCPs in hydrophytes under hydroponic conditions, and potential human exposure is very limited. A laboratory experiment was conducted using 14C-labeled triclosan (TCS) to investigate uptake and distribution of TCS in six aquatic plants (water spinach, purple perilla, cress, penny grass, cane shoot, and rice), and the subcellular distribution of 14C-TCS was determined in these plants. The results showed that the uptake and removal rate of TCS from nutrient solution by hydrophytes followed the order of cress (96%) > water spinach (94%) > penny grass (87%) > cane shoot (84%) > purple perilla (78%) > rice (63%) at the end of incubation period (192 h). The range of 14C-TCS content in the roots was 94.3%-99.0% of the added 14C-TCS, and the concentrations in roots were 2-3 orders of magnitude greater than those in shoots. Furthermore, the subcellular fraction-concentration factor (3.6 × 102-2.6 × 103 mL g-1), concentration (0.58-4.47 μg g-1), and percentage (30%-61%) of 14C-TCS in organelles were found predominantly greater than those in cell walls and/or cytoplasm. These results indicate that for these plants, the roots are the primary storage for TCS, and within plant cells organelles are the major domains for TCS accumulation. These findings provide a better understanding of translocation and accumulation of TCS in aquatic plants at the cellular level, which is valuable for environmental and human health assessments of TCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng He
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Enguang Nie
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Chengming Li
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Qingfu Ye
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
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Scinicariello F, Portier C. A simple procedure for estimating pseudo risk ratios from exposure to non-carcinogenic chemical mixtures. Arch Toxicol 2015; 90:513-23. [PMID: 25667015 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1467-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Non-cancer risk assessment traditionally assumes a threshold of effect, below which there is a negligible risk of an adverse effect. The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry derives health-based guidance values known as Minimal Risk Levels (MRLs) as estimates of the toxicity threshold for non-carcinogens. Although the definition of an MRL, as well as EPA reference dose values (RfD and RfC), is a level that corresponds to "negligible risk," they represent daily exposure doses or concentrations, not risks. We present a new approach to calculate the risk at exposure to specific doses for chemical mixtures, the assumption in this approach is to assign de minimis risk at the MRL. The assigned risk enables the estimation of parameters in an exponential model, providing a complete dose-response curve for each compound from the chosen point of departure to zero. We estimated parameters for 27 chemicals. The value of k, which determines the shape of the dose-response curve, was moderately insensitive to the choice of the risk at the MRL. The approach presented here allows for the calculation of a risk from a single substance or the combined risk from multiple chemical exposures in a community. The methodology is applicable from point of departure data derived from quantal data, such as data from benchmark dose analyses or from data that can be transformed into probabilities, such as lowest-observed-adverse-effect level. The individual risks are used to calculate risk ratios that can facilitate comparison and cost-benefit analyses of environmental contamination control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Scinicariello
- National Center for Environmental Health/Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, MS F57, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA.
| | - Christopher Portier
- National Center for Environmental Health/Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, MS F57, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA.
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Zhao YZ, Jia J, Li YB, Guo CX, Zhou XQ, Sun ZW. Effects of endosulfan on the immune function of erythrocytes, and potential protection by testosterone propionate. J Toxicol Sci 2014; 39:701-10. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.39.701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Zhi Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Yanjing Medical College, Capital Medical University, China
- Department of Health Toxicology and Health Chemistry, Public Health College, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Jing Jia
- Department of Health Toxicology and Health Chemistry, Public Health College, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Yan-Bo Li
- Department of Health Toxicology and Health Chemistry, Public Health College, Capital Medical University, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Cai-Xia Guo
- Department of Health Toxicology and Health Chemistry, Public Health College, Capital Medical University, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Xian-Qing Zhou
- Department of Health Toxicology and Health Chemistry, Public Health College, Capital Medical University, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Sun
- Department of Health Toxicology and Health Chemistry, Public Health College, Capital Medical University, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, China
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Wu YH, Jia J, Li YB, Shi ZX, Zhou XQ, Sun ZW. Crry receptor and oxidative stress involved in erythrocyte immune toxicity of mice caused by endosulfan and protective effects of vitamin E. J Toxicol Sci 2013. [PMID: 23208437 DOI: 10.2131/jts.37.1225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate if Vitamin E could decrease the toxic-effects of endosulfan on erythrocyte immunity and its regulating mechanism. The levels of endosulfan and Vitamin E were (in mg/kg/d), respectively, 0 and 0 (control group), 0.8 and 0 (endosulfan-only group), 0.8 and 100 (experimental group). The results showed that Vitamin E inhibited endosulfan-induced decreases in rosette ratios of erythrocyte C(3)b receptor and increases in rosette ratios of erythrocyte immune complex. Vitamin E reversed the decline tendency of erythrocytes to regulate T-lymphocyte activity and the increase tendency of erythrocyte immunosuppressive factor activity in plasma induced by endosulfan. Further, Vitamin E alleviated the decreases of CD35 mRNA levels in spleen and CD35 expression on B-lymphocyte surfaces, antagonized a decline in Crry mRNA levels. Lastly, Vitamin E reversed induced decreases in total anti-oxidation capability and increases in malondi-aldehyde and free radical levels in spleen caused by endosulfan. The results suggested that Vitamin E relieved endosulfan-induced effects on erythrocytes immunity, reversed changes in expression of erythrocyte immune factors, and antagonized oxidative stress. Vitamin E could stabilize the expression of Crry receptor by inhibiting oxidative stress, and thereby reverse the decrease of erythrocyte immunity caused by endosulfan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hua Wu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, China
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12
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The relationship between repeat-dose toxicity and aromatic-ring class profile of high-boiling petroleum substances. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2013; 67:S30-45. [PMID: 23751816 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A study was undertaken within the context of the U.S. EPA HPV Chemical Challenge Program to (1) characterize relationships between PAC content and repeat-dose toxicities of high-boiling petroleum substances (HBPS) and (2) develop statistical models that could be used to predict the repeat-dose toxicity of similar untested substances. The study evaluated 47 repeat-dose dermal toxicity and 157 chemical compositional studies. The four most sensitive endpoints of repeat-dose toxicity were platelet count, hemoglobin concentration, relative liver weight and thymus weight. Predictive models were developed for the dose-response relationships between the wt.% concentration of each of seven ring classes of aromatic compounds (the "ARC profile") and specific effects, with high correlations (r=0.91-0.94) between the observed and model-predicted data. The development of the mathematical models used to generate the results reported in this study is described by Nicolich et al. (2013). Model-generated dose-response curves permit the prediction of either the effect at a given dose or the dose that causes a given effect. The models generate values that are consistent with other standard measures. The models, using compositional data, can be used for predicting the repeat-dose toxicity of untested HBPS.
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Zhang M, Wu YH, Zhou XQ, Zhou HN. The effects of endosulfan on the growth and erythrocyte immune function of Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2012; 34:754-62. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2011.653647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Leghrib R, Llobet E. Quantitative trace analysis of benzene using an array of plasma-treated metal-decorated carbon nanotubes and fuzzy adaptive resonant theory techniques. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 708:19-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Leghrib R, Felten A, Demoisson F, Reniers F, Pireaux J, Llobet E. Selective detection of benzene traces at room temperature using metal decorated carbon nanotubes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2010.09.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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16
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Tellez-Bañuelos MC, Santerre A, Casas-Solis J, Bravo-Cuellar A, Zaitseva G. Oxidative stress in macrophages from spleen of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to sublethal concentration of endosulfan. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 27:105-111. [PMID: 19049881 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2008.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Revised: 10/24/2008] [Accepted: 11/06/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Endosulfan is a widely used insecticide with immunosuppressive or immunopotentiating effects which alters the immune response of fish. The effects of the acute exposure to endosulfan on a series of parameters of the innate immune response (IIR) of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were investigated-phagocytosis, production of oxygen reactive species, lipoperoxidation as well as spleen cell viability, relative spleen weight and splenocyte concentration-to fully document the effects of this pesticide on Nile tilapia. Juvenile Nile tilapia were exposed in vivo and for 96h to each one of nine concentrations of endosulfan in order to determine the pesticide's acute toxicity level and calculate the lethal concentration of endosulfan to these organisms (LC(50)=12,795ppb). Functional assays showed that endosulfan, at a level equivalent to (1)/(2)LC(50), altered some parameters of the spleen macrophages of Nile tilapia. Phagocytosis, production of oxygen reactive species, and lipoperoxidation increased significantly in exposed fish. Spleen cell viability and relative spleen weight were lower in exposed organisms compared to non-exposed ones, without reaching statistical significance. Splenocyte concentration was not altered in the present experimental conditions. Thus, in vivo exposure (7ppb) of juvenile organisms stimulated the phagocytic activity up to significant oxidative stress levels as indicated by the increased lipid peroxidation in plasma. It can be concluded that short exposure to low concentration of endosulfan stimulated macrophage activity but that there was no significant reduction in the structural parameters of the IIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Cecilia Tellez-Bañuelos
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Universidad de Guadalajara, Carretera a Nogales Km 15.5, z.p. 45110, Las Agujas, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico.
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Ramos G, Limon-Flores AY, Ullrich SE. Dermal exposure to jet fuel suppresses delayed-type hypersensitivity: a critical role for aromatic hydrocarbons. Toxicol Sci 2007; 100:415-22. [PMID: 17890764 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfm247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermal exposure to military (JP-8) and/or commercial (Jet-A) jet fuel suppresses cell-mediated immune reactions. Immune regulatory cytokines and biological modifiers, including platelet activating factor (PAF), prostaglandin E(2), and interleukin-10, have been implicated in the pathway of events leading to immune suppression. It is estimated that approximately 260 different hydrocarbons are found in jet fuel, and the exact identity of the active immunotoxic agent(s) is unknown. The recent availability of synthetic jet fuel (S-8), which is refined from natural gas, and is devoid of aromatic hydrocarbons, made it feasible to design experiments to address this problem. Here we tested the hypothesis that the aromatic hydrocarbons present in jet fuel are responsible for immune suppression. We report that applying S-8 to the skin of mice does not upregulate the expression of epidermal cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) nor does it induce immune suppression. Adding back a cocktail of seven of the most prevalent aromatic hydrocarbons found in jet fuel (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, 1,2,4-trimethlybenzene, cyclohexylbenzene, and dimethylnaphthalene) to S-8 upregulated epidermal COX-2 expression and suppressed a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction. Injecting PAF receptor antagonists, or a selective cycloozygenase-2 inhibitor into mice treated with S-8 supplemented with the aromatic cocktail, blocked suppression of DTH, similar to data previously reported using JP-8. These findings identify the aromatic hydrocarbons found in jet fuel as the agents responsible for suppressing DTH, in part by the upregulation of COX-2, and the production of immune regulatory factors and cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Ramos
- Department of Immunology and The Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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