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Chiu K, Racz R, Burkhart K, Florian J, Ford K, Iveth Garcia M, Geiger RM, Howard KE, Hyland PL, Ismaiel OA, Kruhlak NL, Li Z, Matta MK, Prentice KW, Shah A, Stavitskaya L, Volpe DA, Weaver JL, Wu WW, Rouse R, Strauss DG. New science, drug regulation, and emergent public health issues: The work of FDA's division of applied regulatory science. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:1109541. [PMID: 36743666 PMCID: PMC9893027 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1109541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Division of Applied Regulatory Science (DARS) moves new science into the drug review process and addresses emergent regulatory and public health questions for the Agency. By forming interdisciplinary teams, DARS conducts mission-critical research to provide answers to scientific questions and solutions to regulatory challenges. Staffed by experts across the translational research spectrum, DARS forms synergies by pulling together scientists and experts from diverse backgrounds to collaborate in tackling some of the most complex challenges facing FDA. This includes (but is not limited to) assessing the systemic absorption of sunscreens, evaluating whether certain drugs can convert to carcinogens in people, studying drug interactions with opioids, optimizing opioid antagonist dosing in community settings, removing barriers to biosimilar and generic drug development, and advancing therapeutic development for rare diseases. FDA tasks DARS with wide ranging issues that encompass regulatory science; DARS, in turn, helps the Agency solve these challenges. The impact of DARS research is felt by patients, the pharmaceutical industry, and fellow regulators. This article reviews applied research projects and initiatives led by DARS and conducts a deeper dive into select examples illustrating the impactful work of the Division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Chiu
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Rebecca Racz
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Keith Burkhart
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Jeffry Florian
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Kevin Ford
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - M. Iveth Garcia
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Robert M. Geiger
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Kristina E. Howard
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Paula L. Hyland
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Omnia A. Ismaiel
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Naomi L. Kruhlak
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Zhihua Li
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Murali K. Matta
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Kristin W. Prentice
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States,Booz Allen Hamilton, McLean, VA, United States
| | - Aanchal Shah
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States,Booz Allen Hamilton, McLean, VA, United States
| | - Lidiya Stavitskaya
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Donna A. Volpe
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - James L. Weaver
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Wendy W. Wu
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Rodney Rouse
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - David G. Strauss
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States,*Correspondence: David G. Strauss,
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Hasselgren C, Ahlberg E, Akahori Y, Amberg A, Anger LT, Atienzar F, Auerbach S, Beilke L, Bellion P, Benigni R, Bercu J, Booth ED, Bower D, Brigo A, Cammerer Z, Cronin MTD, Crooks I, Cross KP, Custer L, Dobo K, Doktorova T, Faulkner D, Ford KA, Fortin MC, Frericks M, Gad-McDonald SE, Gellatly N, Gerets H, Gervais V, Glowienke S, Van Gompel J, Harvey JS, Hillegass J, Honma M, Hsieh JH, Hsu CW, Barton-Maclaren TS, Johnson C, Jolly R, Jones D, Kemper R, Kenyon MO, Kruhlak NL, Kulkarni SA, Kümmerer K, Leavitt P, Masten S, Miller S, Moudgal C, Muster W, Paulino A, Lo Piparo E, Powley M, Quigley DP, Reddy MV, Richarz AN, Schilter B, Snyder RD, Stavitskaya L, Stidl R, Szabo DT, Teasdale A, Tice RR, Trejo-Martin A, Vuorinen A, Wall BA, Watts P, White AT, Wichard J, Witt KL, Woolley A, Woolley D, Zwickl C, Myatt GJ. Genetic toxicology in silico protocol. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 107:104403. [PMID: 31195068 PMCID: PMC7485926 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.104403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In silico toxicology (IST) approaches to rapidly assess chemical hazard, and usage of such methods is increasing in all applications but especially for regulatory submissions, such as for assessing chemicals under REACH as well as the ICH M7 guideline for drug impurities. There are a number of obstacles to performing an IST assessment, including uncertainty in how such an assessment and associated expert review should be performed or what is fit for purpose, as well as a lack of confidence that the results will be accepted by colleagues, collaborators and regulatory authorities. To address this, a project to develop a series of IST protocols for different hazard endpoints has been initiated and this paper describes the genetic toxicity in silico (GIST) protocol. The protocol outlines a hazard assessment framework including key effects/mechanisms and their relationships to endpoints such as gene mutation and clastogenicity. IST models and data are reviewed that support the assessment of these effects/mechanisms along with defined approaches for combining the information and evaluating the confidence in the assessment. This protocol has been developed through a consortium of toxicologists, computational scientists, and regulatory scientists across several industries to support the implementation and acceptance of in silico approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ernst Ahlberg
- Predictive Compound ADME & Safety, Drug Safety & Metabolism, AstraZeneca IMED Biotech Unit, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Yumi Akahori
- Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, 1-4-25 Kouraku, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-0004, Japan
| | - Alexander Amberg
- Sanofi, R&D Preclinical Safety Frankfurt, Industriepark Hoechst, D-65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lennart T Anger
- Sanofi, R&D Preclinical Safety Frankfurt, Industriepark Hoechst, D-65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Franck Atienzar
- UCB BioPharma SPRL, Chemin du Foriest, B-1420 Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Scott Auerbach
- The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Division of the National Toxicology Program, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Lisa Beilke
- Toxicology Solutions Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Joel Bercu
- Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, CA, USA
| | - Ewan D Booth
- Syngenta, Product Safety Department, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Dave Bower
- Leadscope, Inc, 1393 Dublin Rd, Columbus, OH, 43215, USA
| | - Alessandro Brigo
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zoryana Cammerer
- Janssen Research & Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA, 19477, USA
| | - Mark T D Cronin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Ian Crooks
- British American Tobacco, Research and Development, Regents Park Road, Southampton, Hampshire, SO15 8TL, UK
| | - Kevin P Cross
- Leadscope, Inc, 1393 Dublin Rd, Columbus, OH, 43215, USA
| | - Laura Custer
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Drug Safety Evaluation, 1 Squibb Dr, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Krista Dobo
- Pfizer Global Research & Development, 558 Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA
| | - Tatyana Doktorova
- Douglas Connect GmbH, Technology Park Basel, Hochbergerstrasse 60C, CH-4057, Basel / Basel-Stadt, Switzerland
| | - David Faulkner
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, MS 70A-1161A, Berkeley, CA, 947020, USA
| | - Kevin A Ford
- Global Blood Therapeutics, 171 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Marie C Fortin
- Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 200 Princeton South Corporate Center, Suite 180, Ewing, NJ, 08628, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ, 08855, USA
| | | | | | - Nichola Gellatly
- National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs), Gibbs Building, 215 Euston Road, London, NW1 2BE, UK
| | - Helga Gerets
- UCB BioPharma SPRL, Chemin du Foriest, B-1420, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | | | - Susanne Glowienke
- Novartis Pharma AG, Pre-Clinical Safety, Werk Klybeck, CH, 4057, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jacky Van Gompel
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - James S Harvey
- GlaxoSmithKline Pre-Clinical Development, Park Road, Ware, Hertfordshire, SG12 0DP, UK
| | - Jedd Hillegass
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Drug Safety Evaluation, 1 Squibb Dr, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Masamitsu Honma
- Division of Genetics and Mutagenesis, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Jui-Hua Hsieh
- Kelly Government Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Chia-Wen Hsu
- FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Robert Jolly
- Toxicology Division, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - David Jones
- Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, 10 South Colonnade, Canary Wharf, London, E14 4PU, UK
| | - Ray Kemper
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., Predictive and Investigative Safety Assessment, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michelle O Kenyon
- Pfizer Global Research & Development, 558 Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA
| | - Naomi L Kruhlak
- FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Sunil A Kulkarni
- Existing Substances Risk Assessment Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Klaus Kümmerer
- Institute for Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Scharnhorststraße 1/C13.311b, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Penny Leavitt
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Drug Safety Evaluation, 1 Squibb Dr, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Scott Masten
- The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Division of the National Toxicology Program, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Scott Miller
- Leadscope, Inc, 1393 Dublin Rd, Columbus, OH, 43215, USA
| | | | - Wolfgang Muster
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Mark Powley
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA, 19486, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Ronald D Snyder
- RDS Consulting Services, 2936 Wooded Vista Ct, Mason, OH, 45040, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Brian A Wall
- Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Pete Watts
- Bibra, Cantium House, Railway Approach, Wallington, Surrey, SM6 0DZ, UK
| | - Angela T White
- GlaxoSmithKline Pre-Clinical Development, Park Road, Ware, Hertfordshire, SG12 0DP, UK
| | - Joerg Wichard
- Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals Division, Investigational Toxicology, Muellerstr. 178, D-13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristine L Witt
- The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Division of the National Toxicology Program, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Adam Woolley
- ForthTox Limited, PO Box 13550, Linlithgow, EH49 7YU, UK
| | - David Woolley
- ForthTox Limited, PO Box 13550, Linlithgow, EH49 7YU, UK
| | - Craig Zwickl
- Transendix LLC, 1407 Moores Manor, Indianapolis, IN, 46229, USA
| | - Glenn J Myatt
- Leadscope, Inc, 1393 Dublin Rd, Columbus, OH, 43215, USA
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