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Lizarraga LE, Suter GW, Lambert JC, Patlewicz G, Zhao JQ, Dean JL, Kaiser P. Advancing the science of a read-across framework for evaluation of data-poor chemicals incorporating systematic and new approach methods. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 137:105293. [PMID: 36414101 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The assessment of human health hazards posed by chemicals traditionally relies on toxicity studies in experimental animals. However, most chemicals currently in commerce do not meet the minimum data requirements for hazard identification and dose-response analysis in human health risk assessment. Previously, we introduced a read-across framework designed to address data gaps for screening-level assessment of chemicals with insufficient in vivo toxicity information (Wang et al., 2012). It relies on inference by analogy from suitably tested source analogues to a target chemical, based on structural, toxicokinetic, and toxicodynamic similarity. This approach has been used for dose-response assessment of data-poor chemicals relevant to the U.S. EPA's Superfund program. We present herein, case studies of the application of this framework, highlighting specific examples of the use of biological similarity for chemical grouping and quantitative read-across. Based on practical knowledge and technological advances in the fields of read-across and predictive toxicology, we propose a revised framework. It includes important considerations for problem formulation, systematic review, target chemical analysis, analogue identification, analogue evaluation, and incorporation of new approach methods. This work emphasizes the integration of systematic methods and alternative toxicity testing data and tools in chemical risk assessment to inform regulatory decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucina E Lizarraga
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin L. King Drive, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA.
| | - Glenn W Suter
- Office of Research and Development, Emeritus, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin L. King Drive, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
| | - Jason C Lambert
- Center for Computational Toxicology & Exposure (CCTE), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Grace Patlewicz
- Center for Computational Toxicology & Exposure (CCTE), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Jay Q Zhao
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin L. King Drive, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
| | - Jeffry L Dean
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin L. King Drive, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
| | - Phillip Kaiser
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin L. King Drive, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
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Amano Y, Yamane M, Honda H. RAID: Regression Analysis–Based Inductive DNA Microarray for Precise Read-Across. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:879907. [PMID: 35935858 PMCID: PMC9354856 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.879907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical structure-based read-across represents a promising method for chemical toxicity evaluation without the need for animal testing; however, a chemical structure is not necessarily related to toxicity. Therefore, in vitro studies were often used for read-across reliability refinement; however, their external validity has been hindered by the gap between in vitro and in vivo conditions. Thus, we developed a virtual DNA microarray, regression analysis–based inductive DNA microarray (RAID), which quantitatively predicts in vivo gene expression profiles based on the chemical structure and/or in vitro transcriptome data. For each gene, elastic-net models were constructed using chemical descriptors and in vitro transcriptome data to predict in vivo data from in vitro data (in vitro to in vivo extrapolation; IVIVE). In feature selection, useful genes for assessing the quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) and IVIVE were identified. Predicted transcriptome data derived from the RAID system reflected the in vivo gene expression profiles of characteristic hepatotoxic substances. Moreover, gene ontology and pathway analysis indicated that nuclear receptor-mediated xenobiotic response and metabolic activation are related to these gene expressions. The identified IVIVE-related genes were associated with fatty acid, xenobiotic, and drug metabolisms, indicating that in vitro studies were effective in evaluating these key events. Furthermore, validation studies revealed that chemical substances associated with these key events could be detected as hepatotoxic biosimilar substances. These results indicated that the RAID system could represent an alternative screening test for a repeated-dose toxicity test and toxicogenomics analyses. Our technology provides a critical solution for IVIVE-based read-across by considering the mode of action and chemical structures.
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Nakagawa S, Hayashi A, Nukada Y, Yamane M. Comparison of toxicological effects and exposure levels between triclosan and its structurally similar chemicals using in vitro tests for read-across case study. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 132:105181. [PMID: 35526779 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Read-across based on structural and biological similarities is expected to be a promising alternative method for assessing systemic toxicity. A concrete strategy for quantitative chemical risk assessment would be to stack read-across case studies and extract key considerations from them. Thus, we developed a read-across case study by comparing the toxicological effects based on adverse outcome pathways and exposure levels of different structurally similar chemicals for a target organ. In this study, we selected the hepatotoxicity of triclosan and its structurally similar chemicals including diclosan and 1-chloro-3-(4-chlorophenoxy)benzene. The results of in vitro toxicogenomics showed that disorders of cholesterol synthesis were commonly detected with both triclosan and diclosan. The decrease in hepatocellular cholesterol levels was similar in the cells treated with triclosan and diclosan. Furthermore, the exposure levels of triclosan and diclosan for the liver were similar. Collectively, these results suggest that triclosan and diclosan show similar toxicological effects and severity of hepatotoxicity. Considering the existing repeated dose toxicity data, our prediction results are reasonable regarding the toxicological effect and its severity. Thus, the present study demonstrated the usability of comparing toxicological effects and exposure levels using read-across for quantitative chemical risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Nakagawa
- Kao Corporation, Safety Science Research, 2606, Akabane, Ichikai-Machi, Haga-Gun Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan.
| | - Akane Hayashi
- Kao Corporation, Safety Science Research, 2606, Akabane, Ichikai-Machi, Haga-Gun Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan
| | - Yuko Nukada
- Kao Corporation, Safety Science Research, 2606, Akabane, Ichikai-Machi, Haga-Gun Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamane
- Kao Corporation, Safety Science Research, 2606, Akabane, Ichikai-Machi, Haga-Gun Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan
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Nakagawa S, Okamoto M, Yoshihara K, Nukada Y, Morita O. Grouping of chemicals based on the potential mechanisms of hepatotoxicity of naphthalene and structurally similar chemicals using in vitro testing for read-across and its validation. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 121:104874. [PMID: 33493583 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.104874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Integrated Approaches to Testing and Assessment provides a framework to improve the reliability of read-across for chemical risk assessment of systemic toxicity without animal testing. However, the availability of only a few case studies hinders the use of this concept for regulatory purposes. Thus, we compared the biological similarity of structurally similar chemicals using in vitro testing to demonstrate the validity of this concept for grouping chemicals and to extract key considerations in read-across. We analyzed the hepatotoxicity of naphthalene and three chemicals structurally similar to naphthalene (2,7-naphthalenediol, 1,5-naphthalenediol, and 1-naphthol) for which 90-day repeated dose toxicity data are available. To elucidate and compare their potential mechanisms, we conducted in vitro microarray analysis using rat primary hepatocytes and validated the results using a biomarker and metabolic activation analysis. We observed that 2,7-naphthalenediol, 1,5-naphthalenediol, and 1-naphthol had similar potential mechanisms, namely, induction of oxidative stress by their metabolic activation. Conversely, naphthalene did not show a similar toxicity effect. The existing in vivo data confirmed our grouping of chemicals based on this potential mechanism. Thus, our findings suggest that in vitro toxicogenomics and related biochemical assays are useful for comparing biological similarities and grouping chemicals based on their toxicodynamics for read-across.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Nakagawa
- Kao Corporation, Safety Science Research, 2606, Akabane, Ichikai-Machi, Haga-Gun, Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan.
| | - Maiko Okamoto
- Kao Corporation, Safety Science Research, 2606, Akabane, Ichikai-Machi, Haga-Gun, Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan
| | - Keita Yoshihara
- Kao Corporation, Safety Science Research, 2606, Akabane, Ichikai-Machi, Haga-Gun, Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan
| | - Yuko Nukada
- Kao Corporation, Safety Science Research, 2606, Akabane, Ichikai-Machi, Haga-Gun, Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan
| | - Osamu Morita
- Kao Corporation, Safety Science Research, 2606, Akabane, Ichikai-Machi, Haga-Gun, Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan
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Duan D, Ye J, Cai X, Li K. Cobalt(II)-ion-exchanged Zn-bio-MOF-1 derived CoS/ZnS composites modified electrochemical sensor for chloroneb detection by differential pulse voltammetry. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:111. [PMID: 33666754 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04759-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
For the first time CoS-nanoparticles attached ZnS rods (CoS/ZnS composites) have been synthesized using cobalt(II)-ion-exchanged zinc-based biological metal-organic framework-1 (Zn-bio-MOF-1) as precursors by a solvothermal method. Among them, the cobalt(II)-ion-exchanged Zn-bio-MOF-1 was obtained by exchanging the dimethylammonium cations (Me2NH2+) of Zn-bio-MOF-1 with cobalt ions. A novel electrochemical sensor based on CoS/ZnS composites and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) was proposed for rapid, sensitive, and highly selective detection of organochlorine pesticide chloroneb. The MIP film was obtained by cyclic voltammetry (CV), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was used to detect chloroneb. Under the optimal conditions, the oxidation peak current density of chloroneb was linearly related to the concentration from 0.003 to 0.2 μM and 0.2 to 3.2 μM with a detection limit of 0.87 nM (S/N = 3) and a sensitivity of 52.27 μA·μM-1·cm-2. The proposed sensor exhibits a favorable selectivity, stability, and reproducibility, and was applied to detect chloroneb residues in licorice, cucumber, river water, and soil samples with satisfactory results.Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jianping Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xin Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Kang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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