1
|
Chen T, Jin C. Immersive Media Presentation and Preschoolers’ Prosocial Behaviors: The Mediating Role of Theory of Mind. Front Psychol 2022; 13:889475. [PMID: 35719464 PMCID: PMC9204192 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.889475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although scholars have asserted that it is necessary to explore the effect of immersive media presentation on preschoolers’ prosocial behaviors, the empirical research, as well as the moderating roles of this link, remained limited. One hundred and twenty preschoolers (mean age = 5.4 years) were involved in three experiments of four waves. This study empirically examined the effect of media presentation, including immersive media presentation and traditional media presentation, on preschoolers’ prosocial behaviors and the moderating effect of theory of mind (ToM) on such links. After the experimental intervention, we find that the extent to which traditional media presentation and immersive media presentation impact preschoolers’ prosocial behaviors is different. First, the results show that preschoolers, who have been involved in traditional media presentation, do not notably reveal the development of their prosocial behaviors. However, in the group of high ToM, we find that traditional media presentation positively and significantly relates to preschoolers’ prosocial behaviors. That is to say, the positive influence of traditional media presentation depends on ToM. Second, the results also show that immersive media presentation positively and significantly relates to preschoolers’ prosocial behaviors whether ToM is high or not. Furthermore, ToM encourages the positive influence of immersive media presentation on preschoolers’ prosocial behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- School of Humanities and Communication, Anhui Xinhua University, Hefei, China
| | - Chenglin Jin
- School of Business, Anhui Xinhua University, Hefei, China
- School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Chenglin Jin,
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jeske S, Bianchi TF, Leon ÍF, Villela MM. Neoplastic patients' knowledge about intestinal parasitoses in southern Brazil. BRAZ J BIOL 2019; 80:386-392. [PMID: 31411251 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.211560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Since oncologic patients have been considered an important risk group for parasitic infections, it is fundamental to find out what they know about intestinal parasites. This study aimed at evaluating knowledge that the adult oncologic patients undergoing chemotherapy in the main centers of treatment for cancer in the city of Pelotas, Brazil, has about intestinal parasites. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for collecting data from two hundred oncologic patients who were undergoing chemotherapy. Results showed that 69.5% know what intestinal parasites are and cited Ascaris lumbricoides and Taenia sp. as being the most known ones. The statistical comparison between the group that knows intestinal parasites and the one that does not know about them - associated with socioeconomic variables -, showed that factors that significantly influenced their knowledge were their place of residence, schooling and household income (p≤0.05). Only 36% stated that they know when they are infected with parasites and misdescribed some signs and symptoms. Regarding prevention, 52% mentioned that they do not know how to avoid parasitism. The population under study showed that there are some gaps in its knowledge of the theme under investigation. Therefore, it is important to implement socioeducational measures in hospitals and clinics that treat cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Jeske
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Parasitologia, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, Campus Universitário, Av. Eliseu Maciel, s/n, CEP 96160-000, Capão do Leão, RS, Brasil
| | - T F Bianchi
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Parasitologia, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, Campus Universitário, Av. Eliseu Maciel, s/n, CEP 96160-000, Capão do Leão, RS, Brasil
| | - Í F Leon
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Parasitologia, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, Campus Universitário, Av. Eliseu Maciel, s/n, CEP 96160-000, Capão do Leão, RS, Brasil
| | - M M Villela
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Parasitologia, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, Campus Universitário, Av. Eliseu Maciel, s/n, CEP 96160-000, Capão do Leão, RS, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gabriël S, Dorny P, Mwape KE, Trevisan C, Braae UC, Magnussen P, Thys S, Bulaya C, Phiri IK, Sikasunge CS, Makungu C, Afonso S, Nicolau Q, Johansen MV. Control of Taenia solium taeniasis/cysticercosis: The best way forward for sub-Saharan Africa? Acta Trop 2017; 165:252-260. [PMID: 27140860 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Taenia solium taeniasis/cysticercosis is a neglected parasitic zoonosis with significant economic and public health impacts. Control measures can be broadly grouped into community health education, improvements in hygiene and sanitary conditions, proper meat handling at household and community level, improved standards of meat inspection, pig management, treatment of individual patients and possibly human populations, and treatment and/or vaccination of porcine populations. This manuscript looks critically into currently existing control options and provides suggestions on which (combination of) tools would be most effective in the control of T. solium taeniasis/cysticercosis in sub-Saharan Africa. Field data and disease transmission simulations suggest that implementation of a single intervention control strategy will not lead to a satisfactory reduction of disease morbidity or transmission. A feasible strategy to combat T. solium taeniasis/cysticercosis would include a combination of approaches focussing on both human (health education and treatment) and animal host (management, treatment and vaccination), which can vary for different communities and different geographical locations. Selection of the specific strategy depends on cost-effectiveness analyses based on solid field data, currently unavailable, though urgently needed; as well as on health priorities and resources of the country. A One Health approach involving medical, veterinary, environmental and social sectors is essential for T. solium to be controlled and eventually eliminated. Finally the success of any intervention is largely dependent on the level of societal and political acceptance, commitment and engagement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Gabriël
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - P Dorny
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - K E Mwape
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - C Trevisan
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - U C Braae
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - P Magnussen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - S Thys
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - C Bulaya
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - I K Phiri
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - C S Sikasunge
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - C Makungu
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - S Afonso
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Q Nicolau
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - M V Johansen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Enander RT, Ramirez Amaya A, Enander RA, Gute DM. Neurocysticercosis: risk and primary prevention strategies update. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2010; 20:329-365. [PMID: 20853197 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2010.482152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Neurocysticercosis results from the infestation of the central nervous system with invading tapeworm larvae. Though uncommon in the US prior to 1965, new cases are currently being diagnosed at an unprecedented rate. Drawing on environmental health, intervention and risk data retrieved from standard/alternative databases and in-country sources, we present an update and summary of modifiable risk factors and field-tested primary prevention measures. While points of intervention, subpopulations at risk and overall magnitude of the problem are addressed, particular attention is paid to defining risk reduction measures that can be adopted by individuals and high risk groups in the near-term to interrupt or eliminate pathways of exposure leading to disease transmission. Though global eradication is not attainable in the near future, effective preventative measures exist and should be taken now by international travellers and workers, US/foreign government agencies, and individuals living in endemic regions to reduce human suffering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard T Enander
- Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pawlowski Z, Allan J, Sarti E. Control of Taenia solium taeniasis/cysticercosis: From research towards implementation. Int J Parasitol 2005; 35:1221-32. [PMID: 16143335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2005.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2005] [Revised: 07/22/2005] [Accepted: 07/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Theoretically, considering the biology of its transmission and reservoirs, global eradication of Taenia solium taeniasis and cysticercosis is feasible. Recently much progress has been made in research on diagnosis, treatment and prevention of human taeniasis and porcine cysticercosis, although more operational research is still needed. In spite of this, global eradication of T. solium infection is still unlikely in the near future. Major obstacles to practical implementation of control measures include low levels of sanitation and health education amongst endemic populations, ineffective health services infrastructure and inadequate socioeconomic development in these areas. The continued public health impact of neurocysticercosis, especially fatalities and epilepsy, force us to identify improved options for control. In order to implement control measures in highly endemic areas the active involvement of medical services in controlling T. solium infection and more effective collaboration between medical and veterinary services is necessary. A switch is suggested from total reliance on meat inspection to active diagnosis and treatment of human taeniasis, protection of pigs against infection, promotion of health education and improved surveillance preparing chemotherapeutic and/or sanitary interventions. This could be implemented in areas where active transmission causes substantial morbidity and mortality provided there is the political will, social support, better financing and an effective organizational framework.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Pawlowski
- Clinic of Parasitic and Tropical Diseases, University of Medical Sciences, ul. Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|