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Thakkar HV, Cheng M, Better N. "False-positive" Myocardial Perfusion Scan in a patient presenting with sickle cell crisis. J Nucl Cardiol 2021; 28:2412-2414. [PMID: 32909241 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-020-02341-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harsh V Thakkar
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Melissa Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nathan Better
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
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Niss O, Taylor MD. Applications of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in sickle cell disease. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2017; 67:126-134. [PMID: 28818577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) has evolved from an effective research tool to a non-invasive clinical modality with versatile applications. The accuracy of volume measurements and functional assessment and the ability to identify unique myocardial tissue characteristics non-invasively are the primary advantages of CMR. The use of CMR in sickle cell disease (SCD) has been limited clinically to myocardial iron assessment. The use of other CMR applications to characterize the cardiac pathology in SCD is slowly emerging but remains limited to research level. In this review, we discuss some of the applications of CMR in studying cardiovascular diseases and its potential uses in SCD for research and clinical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Niss
- Divisions of Hematology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Division of Cardiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Hadeed K, Hascoet S, Castex MP, Munzer C, Acar P, Dulac Y. Endothelial Function and Vascular Properties in Children with Sickle Cell Disease. Echocardiography 2014; 32:1285-90. [PMID: 25470331 DOI: 10.1111/echo.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited disorder characterized by recurrent painful crises with ischemia resulting from vascular occlusion. Adults with SCD have increased arterial stiffness and reduced flow-mediated dilation (FMD), due to impaired release of substances such as nitric oxide. AIM We aimed to assess the vascular properties of carotid and brachial arteries in children with SCD compared with a control group without cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS Thirty patients with SCD, mean age 12.3 ± 4.5 years, were prospectively enrolled. A control group was made up of 30 age- and gender-matched healthy subjects. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), cross-sectional compliance (CSC), cross-sectional distensibility (CSD), diastolic wall stress (DWS), incremental elastic modulus (Einc), and FMD were determined in both groups. RESULTS There was no significant difference in FMD between the two groups (8.2 ± 5.0% in the SCD group vs. 9.3 ± 4.2% in the control group, P = 0.15). There was no significant correlation between FMD and age, hemoglobin, LDH level, or transcranial Doppler findings. CSD was significantly elevated in the SCD group (0.96 ± 0.44 vs. 0.59 ± 0.21, P = 0.0002), whereas DWS and Einc were significantly lower in the SCD group. CSC did not differ significantly between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Children with SCD have no marked endothelial dysfunction or change in arterial stiffness. These manifestations may be related to disease severity and duration. Changes may become evident later in life as the disease progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Hadeed
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Sébastien Hascoet
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Caroline Munzer
- Department of Pediatric Clinical Research, Children's Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Acar
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Yves Dulac
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital, Toulouse, France
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Poludasu S, Ramkissoon K, Salciccioli L, Kamran H, Lazar JM. Left ventricular systolic function in sickle cell anemia: a meta-analysis. J Card Fail 2013; 19:333-41. [PMID: 23663816 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We sought to evaluate whether patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) have left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted a Medline, Embase, Ebscohost, and Google scholar literature search articles published before April 2010. All studies that compared any measure of LV function (eg, ejection fraction [EF], fractional shortening [FS], or cardiac index [CI]) between normal control subjects and SCA (hemoglobin SS) patients were included. Among 57 studies that qualified for review, 19 studies including 841 SCA patients and 554 control subjects met the inclusion criteria. There were no significant differences in either LVEF (Hedge g = 0.15; 95% confidence interval -0.84 to 1.14; P = .76) or FS (P = .28) between SCA patients and control subjects. CI was significantly higher (P < .001) and LV end-systolic stress-volume index (load independent) was significantly lower (P < .001) in SCA patients. All LV systolic measures inversely correlated with age (all P < .001). LV end-systolic and -diastolic dimensions were significantly higher in SCA patients and increased with age. CONCLUSIONS SCA patients have similar load-dependent but lower load-independent measures of LV systolic function than control subjects. SCA is associated with LV dilation. LV structural and functional abnormalities appear to be age dependent with progressive LV dilation and impairment over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Poludasu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
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Abnormal myocardial perfusion-fibrosis pattern in sickle cell disease assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Int J Cardiol 2013; 166:e75-6. [PMID: 23410484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Karakaş MF, Büyükkaya E, Kurt M, Çelik M, Karakaş E, Büyükkaya S, Akçay AB, Sen N. Left ventricular dyssynchrony is an early manifestation of heart involvement in sickle cell anemia. Echocardiography 2013; 30:521-6. [PMID: 23305504 DOI: 10.1111/echo.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is the most common inherited anemia. Although heart involvement in SCA is well-established, there is no data about changes of contraction synchrony in SCA. Therefore, we aimed to study the left ventricular contraction synchrony in SCA patients with narrow QRS and normal ejection fraction (EF). METHODS Thirty-six patients with SCA and 37 age- and gender-matched control subjects were included in the study. Left ventricular dyssynchrony was investigated by color-coded tissue Doppler imaging. RESULTS The SCA patients had lower hemoglobin (Hb) and higher ferritin, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, left ventricular end-systolic diameter, left ventricular mass index (LVMI), and pulmonary artery pressure. Peak A velocity, Dt, and E/E' values were higher in the SCA group however, E/A ratio and average Em were higher in the control group. LV systolic dyssynchrony parameters including Ts-SD-12, Ts-12, Ts-SD-6, and Ts-6 were found to be higher in SCA group when compared with controls. In addition to that, the patients with ventricular dyssynchrony (a Ts-SD-12 > 34.4 msec) were higher in the SCA group than the control group (55.6% vs. 8.1%, P < 0.001). In the correlation analysis, systolic dyssynchrony parameters were found to be correlated with Hb, ferritin, LVMI, E/A, Dt, Em. CONCLUSION Our results revealed that in SCA patients with normal EF and narrow QRS, left ventricular systolic dyssynchrony was an early manifestation of heart involvement and might be coexisted with or preceding diastolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Fatih Karakaş
- Department of Cardiology, Tayfur Ata Sokmen Medical School, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey.
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Myocardial infarction in sickle cell disease: use of translational imaging to diagnose an under-recognized problem. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2012. [PMID: 23179134 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-012-9426-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited disorder in which microvascular occlusion causes complications across multiple organ systems. The precise incidence of myocardial ischemia and infarction (MI), potentially under-recognized microvascular disease-related complications, remains unknown. The absence of typical atherosclerotic lesions seen in other patients with MI suggests a microvascular mechanism of myocardial injury. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) can demonstrate microvascular disease, making it an appealing modality to assess symptomatic SCD patients. We demonstrate in several dramatic instances how CMR is uniquely able to depict cardiac microvascular obstruction in patients with SCD and chest pain, without which the possibility of myocardial injury would almost certainly be otherwise neglected. Much remains unknown regarding ischemic heart disease in patients with SCD including prevalence, detection, and management. Further work to define evaluation and management algorithms for chest pain in SCD and to develop risk assessment tools may reduce sudden cardiac death in this population.
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Hallioglu O, Ceylan Gunay E, Unal S, Erdogan A, Balci S, Citirik D. Gated myocardial perfusion scintigraphy in children with sickle cell anemia: correlation with echocardiography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 30:354-9. [PMID: 21458111 DOI: 10.1016/j.remn.2011.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Revised: 12/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The heart is one of the organs affected by sickle cell anemia (SCA). This prospective study has aimed to evaluate myocardial perfusion and left ventricle (LV) function in children with SCA by gated myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (G-MPS) and to compare the results with echocardiographic parameters. METHODS Forty-three patients with SCA were evaluated by G-MPS and echocardiography. Myocardial perfusion and motion with thickening function were analyzed both visually and quantitatively. End-diastolic (EDV), end-systolic volumes (ESV), ejection fraction (EF), lung-to-heart (L/H) ratio were also calculated. RESULTS None of the patients showed stress perfusion impairment in G-MPS. LV dilatation in 15 patients was observed both by G-MPS and echocardiography. EF values were within normal limits. Correlation between EF values calculated by two methods was not statistically significant. However, LV dilatation detected by both methods and EDV-ESV values in G-MPS were correlated to end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters calculated in echocardiography (p<0.05). M-Mode echocardiography revealed higher myocardial performance index (LV-MPI) in patients with LV dilatation. There was also a significant relationship between LV dilatation and frequent blood transfusions (>5/years) and acute chest syndrome (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Myocardial perfusion impairment in children with SCA is not frequently observed. Thus, performing the scintigraphy only in patients with cardiac symptoms should be considered. Since EF values of the children with SCA are not deteriorated in early stages, LV-MPI and LV dilatation should be considered as a significant parameter other than EF or perfusion data.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Hallioglu
- Mersin University, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Turkey
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Fitzhugh CD, Lauder N, Jonassaint JC, Telen MJ, Zhao X, Wright EC, Gilliam FR, De Castro LM. Cardiopulmonary complications leading to premature deaths in adult patients with sickle cell disease. Am J Hematol 2010; 85:36-40. [PMID: 20029950 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.21569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with early mortality. We sought to determine the incidence, cause, and risk factors for death in an adult population of patients with SCD. All patients aged >/=18 years seen at the Adult Sickle Cell Center at Duke University Medical Center between January 2000 and April 2005 were enrolled. Forty-three patients (21 males and 22 females) died during the study period. The median age of survival was 39 years for females (95% CI: 34-56), 40 years for males (95% CI: 34-48), and 40 years overall (95% CI: 35-48). Cardiac causes of death accounted for 25.6% (11/43 patients); pulmonary, 14.0% (six patients); other SCD related, 32.6% (14 patients); unknown, 14.0% (six patients); and others, 14.0% (six patients). Pulseless electrical activity arrest, pulmonary emboli, multiorgan failure, and stroke were the most frequent causes of death. Among the deceased patients, the most common premorbid conditions were cardiopulmonary: acute chest syndrome/pneumonia (58.1%), Pulmonary hypertension (pHTN; 41.9%), systemic HTN (25.6%), congestive heart failure (25.6%), myocardial infarction (20.9%), and arrhythmias (14.0%). Tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity was significantly higher (3.1 m/sec vs. 2.6 m/sec, P < 0.001) and hemoglobin significantly lower (8.3 g/dL vs. 9.2 g/dL, P < 0.05) in deceased patients when compared with patients who lived, respectively. With improved preventive and therapeutic advances, including hydroxyurea therapy, acute complications such as infection are no longer the leading cause of death; instead, causes of death and premorbid conditions are shifting to chronic cardiopulmonary complications. Further, arrhythmia leading to premature death is under-recognized in SCD and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney D Fitzhugh
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases/NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Almeida AG, Araújo F, Rego F, David C, Lopes MG, Ducla-Soares J. Abnormal myocardial flow reserve in sickle cell disease: a myocardial contrast echocardiography study. Echocardiography 2008; 25:591-9. [PMID: 18652006 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8175.2008.00666.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sickle cell disease (SCD) is characterized by obstruction of microvessels leading to ischemia and necrosis. We have aimed to demonstrate whether myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) is able to detect myocardial perfusion abnormalities in SCD patients and to assess their relationship with left ventricle (LV) perfusion and systolic function. METHODS A group of 25 patients with SCD and a control group of 19 normal individuals were studied. Using MCE, myocardial perfusion reserve indices (A, beta, and A x beta) were obtained, before and after hyperemia with dypiridamole. LV function was also analyzed: ejection fraction (EF), index of myocardial performance (IMP), the ratio of transmitral early-diastolic flow velocity E and the pulsed tissue Doppler mitral annular early diastolic velocity Ea (E/Ea) (E/Ea), tissue Doppler mitral annular peak systolic velocity (Sa), and peak systolic strain (S) were obtained. RESULTS Myocardial velocity (beta) and myocardial blood flow (A x beta) reserves were lower in the patients than in controls (1.7 +/- 0.4 vs. 3.3 +/- 0.2, P = 0.000 and 2.1 +/- 0.6 vs. 4.1 +/- 0.2, P = 0.000, respectively). In SCD patients, a correlation was found between beta reserve and EF, IMP, Sa, E/Ea, and S% and between A x beta reserve and Sa. CONCLUSIONS MCE detected abnormal perfusion reserve in patients with SCD, which correlated with systolic function indices. This suggests that perfusion plays a role in SCD ventricular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana G Almeida
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Santa Maria, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-035 Lisbon Portugal.
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