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Ashwini K, Siva B, Poornima P, Reddy SD, Sastry VG, Babu KS. New cytotoxic spatane diterpenoids from marine alga Stoechospermum marginatum. Fitoterapia 2024; 177:106071. [PMID: 38906385 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Three new spatane diterpenoids (1-3) were isolated from the brown alga Stoechospermum marginatum together with three known compounds (4-6). The structures of these compounds were determined by the detailed NMR spectroscopic and Mass spectrometric analyses. All the isolated compounds were screened for their cytotoxic potentials against a panel of four human cancer cell lines, which include DU145 (Prostate), B16F10 (Melanoma), MDA MB-231 (Breast), and HeLa (Cervical) along with a normal cell line (HEK). The screening results indicated that compounds 1, 4 and 5 displayed significant activities against B16F10 [IC50, 6.21 ± 0.14, 5.88 ± 0.21, 5.31 ± 0.24 μM] and MDA MB-231 [9.25 ± 0.61, 4.59 ± 0.14, 4.19 ± 0.13 μM] cell lines, respectively. In view of their significant activity, these compounds 1, 4 and 5 were further taken up for detailed fluorescence assays, scratch assay and flow cytometry analysis, which revealed that they diminished proliferation and arrested cell cycle in the S phase and G2/M phase, which induced cell death by apoptosis. Overall, based on their considerable results, these compounds could serve as lead molecules in the development of anticancer drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolukula Ashwini
- Department of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India
| | - Bandi Siva
- Department of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India
| | - Penta Poornima
- Department of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India
| | - Solipeta Divya Reddy
- Department of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India
| | - Vedula Girija Sastry
- AU College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Katragadda Suresh Babu
- Department of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India.
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Xing J, Wang K, Xu YC, Pei ZJ, Yu QX, Liu XY, Dong YL, Li SF, Chen Y, Zhao YJ, Yao F, Ding J, Hu W, Zhou RP. Efferocytosis: Unveiling its potential in autoimmune disease and treatment strategies. Autoimmun Rev 2024; 23:103578. [PMID: 39004157 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Efferocytosis is a crucial process whereby phagocytes engulf and eliminate apoptotic cells (ACs). This intricate process can be categorized into four steps: (1) ACs release "find me" signals to attract phagocytes, (2) phagocytosis is directed by "eat me" signals emitted by ACs, (3) phagocytes engulf and internalize ACs, and (4) degradation of ACs occurs. Maintaining immune homeostasis heavily relies on the efficient clearance of ACs, which eliminates self-antigens and facilitates the generation of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive signals that maintain immune tolerance. However, any disruptions occurring at any of the efferocytosis steps during apoptosis can lead to a diminished efficacy in removing apoptotic cells. Factors contributing to this inefficiency encompass dysregulation in the release and recognition of "find me" or "eat me" signals, defects in phagocyte surface receptors, bridging molecules, and other signaling pathways. The inadequate clearance of ACs can result in their rupture and subsequent release of self-antigens, thereby promoting immune responses and precipitating the onset of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. A comprehensive understanding of the efferocytosis process and its implications can provide valuable insights for developing novel therapeutic strategies that target this process to prevent or treat autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xing
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; School of pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yu-Cai Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; School of pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ze-Jun Pei
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; School of pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Qiu-Xia Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; School of pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xing-Yu Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; School of pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ya-Lu Dong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; School of pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Shu-Fang Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Ying-Jie Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Feng Yao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Ren-Peng Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China.
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Sarantidi E, Ainatzoglou A, Papadimitriou C, Stamoula E, Maghiorou K, Miflidi A, Trichopoulou A, Mountzouris KC, Anagnostopoulos AK. Egg White and Yolk Protein Atlas: New Protein Insights of a Global Landmark Food. Foods 2023; 12:3470. [PMID: 37761179 PMCID: PMC10528800 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The chicken egg is an animal product of great agronomic interest. The egg white and yolk constitute high-quality protein sources for humans with high digestibility and well-balanced amino acid profiles. Despite the egg white and yolk protein's undisputed value, research to unravel their full proteome content and its properties is still ongoing. We aimed to exhaustively analyze the proteome of egg white and yolk by applying intrinsic proteomics and bioinformatics approaches in order to unravel the full protein potential of this landmark food. (2) Methods: A total of 45 freshly laid, unfertilized, chicken eggs were subjected to nanoLC-MS/MS Orbitrap analysis following a peptide pre-fractionation step. A comprehensive bioinformatics processing step was undertaken towards elucidating potential activities and roles of identified molecules. In parallel, the literature was mined concerning all reported egg white and yolk protein identifications. (3) Results: Our analysis revealed 371 and 428 new proteins, reported for the first time to be present in the egg white and yolk, respectively. From the bioactivity standpoint, egg white and yolk proteins showed high enrichment for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory processes, while exerting high relevance for the apoptosis and focal adhesion pathways. (4) Conclusions: Egg white and yolk proteins exert diverse and multifaceted properties. A total of 799 proteins were reported for the first time as being part of the egg and yolk. Our novel protein data enriched those already published in the literature and the first ever chicken egg white and yolk Protein Atlas, comprising 1392 protein entries, was generated. This dataset will provide a cornerstone reference for future studies involving egg proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleana Sarantidi
- Department of Biotechnology, Center of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra Ainatzoglou
- Department of Biotechnology, Center of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Christine Papadimitriou
- Department of Biotechnology, Center of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Stamoula
- Department of Biotechnology, Center of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina Maghiorou
- Department of Biotechnology, Center of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Argyro Miflidi
- Department of Biotechnology, Center of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Athanasios K. Anagnostopoulos
- Department of Biotechnology, Center of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Mitochondrial Apoptotic Signaling Involvement in Remodeling During Myogenesis and Skeletal Muscle Atrophy. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 143:66-74. [PMID: 35241367 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a major role in apoptotic signaling. In addition to its role in eliminating dysfunctional cells, mitochondrial apoptotic signaling is implicated as a key component of myogenic differentiation and skeletal muscle atrophy. For example, the activation of cysteine-aspartic proteases (caspases; CASP's) can aid in the initial remodeling stages of myogenic differentiation by cleaving protein kinases, transcription factors, and cytoskeletal proteins. Precise regulation of these signals is needed to prevent excessive cell disassemble and subsequent cell death. During skeletal muscle atrophy, the activation of CASP's and mitochondrial derived nucleases participate in myonuclear fragmentation, a potential loss of myonuclei, and cleavage of contractile structures within skeletal muscle. The B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (BCL2) family of proteins play a significant role in regulating myogenesis and skeletal muscle atrophy by governing the initiating steps of mitochondrial apoptotic signaling. This review discusses the role of mitochondrial apoptotic signaling in skeletal muscle remodeling during myogenic differentiation and skeletal muscle pathological states, including aging, disuse, and muscular dystrophy.
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Lee WY, Lee R, Park HJ. Tebuconazole Induces ER-Stress-Mediated Cell Death in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cell Lines. TOXICS 2023; 11:397. [PMID: 37112622 PMCID: PMC10144106 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11040397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Tebuconazole (TEB) is a triazole fungicide used to increase crop production by controlling fungi, insects, and weeds. Despite their extensive use, people are concerned about the health risks associated with pesticides and fungicides. Numerous studies have defined the cellular toxicity of triazole groups in pesticides, but the mechanisms of TEB toxicity in bovine mammary gland epithelial cells (MAC-T cells) have not yet been studied. Damage to the mammary glands of dairy cows directly affects milk production. This study investigated the toxicological effects of TEB on MAC-T cells. We found that TEB decreases both cell viability and proliferation and activates apoptotic cell death via the upregulation of pro-apoptotic proteins, such as cleaved caspases 3 and 8 and BAX. TEB also induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress via the upregulation of Bip/GRP78; PDI; ATF4; CHOP; and ERO1-Lα. We found that TEB induced mitochondria-mediated apoptotic MAC-T cell death by activating ER stress. This cell damage eventually led to a dramatic reduction in the expression levels of the milk-protein-synthesis-related genes LGB; LALA; CSN1S1; CSN1S2; and CSNK in MAC-T cells. Our data suggest that the exposure of dairy cows to TEB may negatively affect milk production by damaging the mammary glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Young Lee
- Department of Livestock, Korea National University of Agriculure and Fisheries, Jeonju-si 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Ran Lee
- Department of Livestock, Korea National University of Agriculure and Fisheries, Jeonju-si 54874, Republic of Korea
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sangji University, Wonju-si 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Park
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sangji University, Wonju-si 26339, Republic of Korea
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Hassan AK, El-Kalaawy AM, Abd El-Twab SM, Alblihed MA, Ahmed OM. Hesperetin and Capecitabine Abate 1,2 Dimethylhydrazine-Induced Colon Carcinogenesis in Wistar Rats via Suppressing Oxidative Stress and Enhancing Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Apoptotic Actions. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040984. [PMID: 37109513 PMCID: PMC10146346 DOI: 10.3390/life13040984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is a major cause of cancer-related death, with significantly increasing rates of incidence worldwide. The current study was designed to evaluate the anti-carcinogenic effects of hesperetin (HES) alone and in combination with capecitabine (CAP) on 1,2 dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon carcinogenesis in Wistar rats. The rats were given DMH at 20 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)/week for 12 weeks and were orally treated with HES (25 mg/kg b.w.) and/or CAP (200 mg/kg b.w.) every other day for 8 weeks. The DMH-administered rats exhibited colon-mucosal hyperplastic polyps, the formation of new glandular units and cancerous epithelial cells. These histological changes were associated with the significant upregulation of colon Ki67 expression and the elevation of the tumor marker, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), in the sera. The treatment of the DMH-administered rats with HES and/or CAP prevented these histological cancerous changes concomitantly with the decrease in colon-Ki67 expression and serum-CEA levels. The results also indicated that the treatments with HES and/or CAP showed a significant reduction in the serum levels of lipid peroxides, an elevation in the serum levels of reduced glutathione, and the enhancement of the activities of colon-tissue superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase. Additionally, the results showed an increase in the mRNA expressions of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-4, as well as the proapoptotic protein, p53, in the colon tissues of the DMH-administered rats treated with HES and/or CAP. The TGF-β1 decreased significantly in the DMH-administered rats and this effect was counteracted by the treatments with HES and/or CAP. Based on these findings, it can be suggested that both HES and CAP, singly or in combination, have the potential to exert chemopreventive effects against DMH-induced colon carcinogenesis via the suppression of oxidative stress, the stimulation of the antioxidant defense system, the attenuation of inflammatory effects, the reduction in cell proliferation and the enhancement of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa K Hassan
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M El-Kalaawy
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
| | - Sanaa M Abd El-Twab
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Alblihed
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama M Ahmed
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
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Wen S, Wang L, Zhang C, Song R, Zou H, Gu J, Liu X, Bian J, Liu Z, Yuan Y. PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy modulates cadmium-induced apoptosis in rat cerebral cortical neurons. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 244:114052. [PMID: 36084502 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is a persistent environmental pollutant whose neurotoxicity is of serious concern. Mitochondrial dysfunction and its mediated mitophagy and apoptosis are considered key events in Cd-induced neurological pathologies, but the exact molecular mechanism has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between Cd-induced mitophagy and apoptosis and their role in Cd-induced neuronal death. Using the mitophagy inhibitor cyclosporine A (CsA), we found that the extent of mitophagy mediated by the PTEN-induced putative kinase protein 1 (PINK1)/E3 ubiquitin ligase (Parkin) pathway decreased, whereas the level of apoptosis and cell death increased in rat cerebral cortical neurons in vitro. Consistent with this, the knockdown of PINK1 also exacerbated Cd-induced apoptosis and neuronal death. Furthermore, the results of the in vivo experiments showed that Cd simultaneously activated both mitophagy and apoptosis and that the suppression of mitophagy by CsA aggravated Cd-induced apoptosis. In summary, our results indicate that PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy exerts an important neuroprotective effect by inhibiting Cd-mediated apoptosis in rat cerebral cortical neurons both in vitro and in vivo. This work may allow the development of new therapeutic strategies for Cd-induced central nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangquan Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chaofan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ruilong Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hui Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianhong Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xuezhong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianchun Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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Green Self-assembled Lactoferrin Carboxymethyl Cellulose Nanogels for Synergistic Chemo/herbal Breast Cancer Therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 217:112657. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Seyed MA, Ayesha S. Marine-derived pipeline anticancer natural products: a review of their pharmacotherapeutic potential and molecular mechanisms. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00350-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cancer is a complex and most widespread disease and its prevalence is increasing worldwide, more in countries that are witnessing urbanization and rapid industrialization changes. Although tremendous progress has been made, the interest in targeting cancer has grown rapidly every year. This review underscores the importance of preventive and therapeutic strategies.
Main text
Natural products (NPs) from various sources including plants have always played a crucial role in cancer treatment. In this growing list, numerous unique secondary metabolites from marine sources have added and gaining attention and became potential players in drug discovery and development for various biomedical applications. Many NPs found in nature that normally contain both pharmacological and biological activity employed in pharmaceutical industry predominantly in anticancer pharmaceuticals because of their enormous range of structure entities with unique functional groups that attract and inspire for the creation of several new drug leads through synthetic chemistry. Although terrestrial medicinal plants have been the focus for the development of NPs, however, in the last three decades, marine origins that include invertebrates, plants, algae, and bacteria have unearthed numerous novel pharmaceutical compounds, generally referred as marine NPs and are evolving continuously as discipline in the molecular targeted drug discovery with the inclusion of advanced screening tools which revolutionized and became the component of antitumor modern research.
Conclusions
This comprehensive review summarizes some important and interesting pipeline marine NPs such as Salinosporamide A, Dolastatin derivatives, Aplidine/plitidepsin (Aplidin®) and Coibamide A, their anticancer properties and describes their mechanisms of action (MoA) with their efficacy and clinical potential as they have attracted interest for potential use in the treatment of various types of cancers.
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Dai X, Sun XF, Wang AQ, Wei WH, Yang SM. Effect of gallic acid on the reproduction of adolescent male Brandt’s voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii). CAN J ZOOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2020-0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gallic acid (GA), a phenol that is present in various plants, potentially contains antioxidant properties. This study aimed to investigate the effects of GA on the reproduction of adolescent male Brandt’s voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii (Radde, 1861)). Antioxidant levels and apoptosis in the testis, as well as reproductive physiology, were evaluated in adolescent males treated with GA. The results showed that a low dose of GA enhanced relative epididymis mass and the sperm density in the epididymis, increased the mRNA levels of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein in the testis, and reduced the percentages of abnormal and dead sperm. In addition, a low dose of GA significantly increased the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, and decreased the level of malondialdehyde in the testis, as well as the mRNA and protein levels of the apoptosis-related gene, caspase-3. However, a high dose of GA sharply reduced the mean diameter of the seminiferous tubules compared with a low dose. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that GA treatment during puberty affects the reproductive responses of male Brandt’s voles in a dose-dependent manner by regulating antioxidant levels and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Dai
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, P.R. China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Feng Sun
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, P.R. China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, P.R. China
| | - Ai-Qin Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, P.R. China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, P.R. China
| | - Wan-Hong Wei
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, P.R. China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Mei Yang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, P.R. China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, P.R. China
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11
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Gholami M, Safari S, Ulloa L, Motaghinejad M. Neuropathies and neurological dysfunction induced by coronaviruses. J Neurovirol 2021; 27:380-396. [PMID: 33983506 PMCID: PMC8117458 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-021-00977-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
During the recent years, viral epidemic due to coronaviruses, such as SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome), Middle East Respiratory Coronavirus Syndrome (MERS), and COVID-19 (coronavirus disese-19), has become a global problem. In addition to causing cardiovascular and respiratory lethal dysfunction, these viruses can cause neurodegeneration leading to neurological disorders. Review of the current scientific literature reveals the multiple neuropathies and neuronal dysfunction associated with these viruses. Here, we review the major findings of these studies and discuss the main neurological sequels and outcomes of coronavirus infections with SARS, MERS, and COVID-19. This article analyzes and discusses the main mechanisms of coronavirus-induced neurodegeneration according to the current experimental and clinical studies. Coronaviruses can damage the nerves directly through endovascular dysfunctions thereby affecting nerve structures and synaptic connections. Coronaviruses can also induce neural cell degeneration indirectly via mitochondrial dysfunction inducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Thus, coronaviruses can cause neurological disorders by inducing neurovascular dysfunction affecting nerve structures and synaptic connections, and by inducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. While some of these mechanisms are similar to other RNA viruses, the neurotoxic mechanisms of COVID-19, MERS, and SARS-CoV viruses are unknown and need detailed clinical and experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Gholami
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Safari
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Luis Ulloa
- Center for Perioperative Organ Protection, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, NC, 27710, Durham, USA.
| | - Majid Motaghinejad
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Hu W, Zhang W, Shah SWA, Ishfaq M, Li J. Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection triggered histopathological changes, oxidative stress and apoptosis in chicken thymus and spleen. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 114:103832. [PMID: 32805307 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies mainly focused on the inflammatory responses caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) in the chicken respiratory mucosa, setting the stage for chronic infection and disease manifestation. However, the underlying mechanism is still unknown. Spleen and thymus are important immune organs, which play a critical role in eliciting protective immune responses to ensure healing process and elimination of harmful stimuli. In the present study, the effects of MG infection on chicken spleen and thymus were investigated. The results showed that MG infection reduced antioxidant activities and induced oxidative stress in the spleen and thymus tissues. Histological examination showed normal morphology of chicken spleen and thymus in control group compared to MG infection group. In contrast, increased number of necrotic and nuclear debris, lymphocytolysis, prominent reticuloepithelial cells and loose arrangement of cells in the spleen and thymus were seen in MG-infected chickens. Ultrastructural analysis indicated nuclear and mitochondrial damage including mitochondrial swelling, deformation of nuclear membrane and congestion of chromatin material in MG infection group. The mRNA and protein expression of apoptosis-related genes were significantly upregulated in the spleen and thymus of MG-infected chickens compared to control group. Moreover, Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick endlabeling (TUNEL) assay results suggested that MG infection increased the number of positive-stained nuclei in the spleen and thymus. Meanwhile, the mRNA expression of mitochondrial dynamics in the spleen and thymus were altered by MG infection. In summary, these results showed that MG induced oxidative stress and apoptosis, which could be the possible causes associated with the immune damage, structural impairment and disease pathogenesis of MG infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Hu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Syed Waqas Ali Shah
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
| | - Jichang Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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13
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Bloemberg D, Quadrilatero J. Autophagy displays divergent roles during intermittent amino acid starvation and toxic stress-induced senescence in cultured skeletal muscle cells. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:3099-3113. [PMID: 33022071 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Due to the ever-expanding functions attributed to autophagy, there is widespread interest in understanding its contribution to human physiology; however, its specific cellular role as a stress-response mechanism is still poorly defined. To investigate autophagy's role in this regard, we repeatedly subjected cultured mouse myoblasts to two stresses with diverse impacts on autophagic flux: amino acid and serum withdrawal (Hank's balanced salt solution [HBSS]), which robustly induces autophagy, or low-level toxic stress (staurosporine, STS). We found that intermittent STS (int-STS) administration caused cell cycle arrest, development of enlarged and misshapen cells/nuclei, increased senescence-associated heterochromatic foci and senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, and prevented myogenic differentiation. These features were not observed in cells intermittently incubated in HBSS (int-HB). While int-STS cells displayed less DNA damage (phosphorylated H2A histone family, member X content) and caspase activity when administered cisplatin, int-HB cells were protected from STS-induced cell death. Interestingly, STS-induced senescence was attenuated in autophagy related 7-deficient cells. Therefore, while repeated nutrient withdrawal did not cause senescence, autophagy was required for senescence caused by toxic stress. These results illustrate the context-dependent effects of different stressors, potentially highlighting autophagy as a distinguishing factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darin Bloemberg
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joe Quadrilatero
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Mohsenzadeh MS, Razavi BM, Imenshahidi M, Mohajeri SA, Rameshrad M, Hosseinzadeh H. Evaluation of green tea extract and epigallocatechin gallate effects on bisphenol A-induced vascular toxicity in isolated rat aorta and cytotoxicity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Phytother Res 2020; 35:996-1009. [PMID: 32893422 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to assess bisphenol A (BPA)-induced vascular toxicity, the effectiveness of green tea extract and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) against BPA toxicity, and possible underlying mechanisms. In isolated rat aorta, contractile and relaxant responses as well as malondialdehyde levels were evaluated. Cell viability and effects on the protein levels of apoptotic (bax, bcl2, and caspase-3), autophagic (LC3), and cell adhesion molecules were calculated using the MTT method and western blotting in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). BPA increased aorta MDA levels (p < .0001) and decreased vascular responses to KCl [20 and 40 mM (p < .0001), 80 mM (p < .001)], phenylephrine [10-8 , 10-6 , and 10-5 M (p < .001), 10-7 and 10-4 M (p < .0001)], and acetylcholine [10-6 M (p < .01), 10-5 and 10-4 M (p < .0001)]. In HUVECs, BPA enhanced the levels of LC3A/B, bax/bcl2 ratio, cleaved caspase-3, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Green tea extract, EGCG, and vitamin E co-treatment with BPA diminished the toxic effects of BPA. These findings provide evidence that green tea extract and EGCG possess beneficial effects in preventing BPA-induced vascular toxicity through increasing the antioxidant activities and the regulation of signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Sadat Mohsenzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Imenshahidi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Mohajeri
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Rameshrad
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Oliveira RC, Carvajal-Moreno M, Correa B, Rojo-Callejas F. Cellular, physiological and molecular approaches to investigate the antifungal and anti-aflatoxigenic effects of thyme essential oil on Aspergillus flavus. Food Chem 2020; 315:126096. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.126096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
One major characteristic of programmed cell death (apoptosis) results in the increased expression of phosphatidylserine (PS) on the outer membrane of dying cells. Consequently, PS represents an excellent target for non-invasive imaging of apoptosis by single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET). Annexin V is a 36 kDa protein which binds with high affinity to PS in the presence of Ca2+ ions. This makes radiolabeled annexins valuable apoptosis imaging agents for clinical and biomedical research applications for monitoring apoptosis in vivo. However, the use of radiolabeled annexin V for in vivo imaging of cell death has been met with a variety of challenges which have prevented its translation into the clinic. These difficulties include: complicated and time-consuming radiolabeling procedures, sub-optimal biodistribution, inadequate pharmacokinetics leading to poor tumour-to-blood contrast ratios, reliance upon Ca2+ concentrations in vivo, low tumor tissue penetration, and an incomplete understanding of what constitutes the best imaging protocol following induction of apoptosis. Therefore, new concepts and improved strategies for the development of PS-binding radiotracers are needed. Radiolabeled PS-binding peptides and various Zn(II) complexes as phosphate chemosensors offer an innovative strategy for radionuclide-based molecular imaging of apoptosis with PET and SPECT. Radiolabeled peptides and Zn(II) complexes provide several advantages over annexin V including better pharmacokinetics due to their smaller size, better availability, simpler synthesis and radiolabeling strategies as well as facilitated tissue penetration due to their smaller size and faster blood clearance profile allowing for optimized image contrast. In addition, peptides can be structurally modified to improve metabolic stability along with other pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. The present review will summarize the current status of radiolabeled annexins, peptides and Zn(II) complexes developed as radiotracers for imaging apoptosis through targeting PS utilizing PET and SPECT imaging.
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Shen Shuai II Recipe Attenuates Apoptosis in 5/6 Renal Ablation/Infarction Rats by Inhibiting p53 and the Mitochondrial Pathway of Apoptosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7083575. [PMID: 32089777 PMCID: PMC7008243 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7083575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health burden with high mortality and morbidity. Clinical efficacy has been demonstrated for Shen Shuai II Recipe (SSR), an approved and widely used Chinese herbal medicine for over 20 years in China, to attenuate CKD progression. In this study, we explored the underlying molecular mechanisms of SSR benefits and studied its effects on apoptosis, a critical process in CKD development and progression. CKD was induced in rats with 5/6 renal ablation and infarction (A/I). Eight weeks after SSR treatment, we mainly assessed the severity of renal injury and fibrosis, the translocation of apoptotic factors in the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, the degree of mitochondrial dysfunction, and the nuclear and mitochondrial translocation of p53. Furthermore, we detected the interaction of p53 with antiapoptotic Bcl-xL and Bcl-2 proteins. Our results showed that SSR significantly attenuated renal injury and fibrosis and inhibited the mitochondrial accumulation of proapoptotic proteins Bax and Puma and release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to the cytosol in a rat CKD model. In addition, SSR also improved the mitochondrial function and inhibited the nuclear and mitochondrial translocation of p53. In addition, SSR suppressed the p53 transactivation and the interaction of p53 with Bcl-xL and Bcl-2. These results suggested that SSR could block apoptosis in CKD by inhibiting p53 transcriptional-dependent and transcriptional-independent proapoptotic function and the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis.
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18
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Kim EY, Hong TH. Changes in total lymphocyte count and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio after curative pancreatectomy in patients with pancreas adenocarcinoma and their prognostic role. J Surg Oncol 2019; 120:1102-1111. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.25725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Y. Kim
- Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of MedicineThe Catholic University of Korea Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Tae H. Hong
- Division of Hepato‐biliary and Pancreas Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of MedicineThe Catholic University of Korea Seoul Republic of Korea
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Senthil Kumar V, Kumaresan S, Tamizh MM, Hairul Islam MI, Thirugnanasambantham K. Anticancer potential of NF-κB targeting apoptotic molecule "flavipin" isolated from endophytic Chaetomium globosum. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 61:152830. [PMID: 31048125 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anticancer compounds from natural sources have drawn attention due to their structural diversity and relatively lesser side effects. Endophytic fungi are one such natural resource from, which plethoras of anticancerous compounds have been isolated. PURPOSE The objective of the study was to isolate and characterize the bioactive metabolite from Chaetomium globosum that exhibits astonishing antiproliferative activity against cancerous cell lines. METHODS Flavipin was isolated by bioassay-guided fractionation and identified using FT-IR, EI-MS and NMR studies. MTT assay was used to determine the cytotoxicity. Fluorescent staining (AO/EB) and DNA fragmentation studies confirmed the occurrence of apoptosis. Real time PCR and Western blotting were used to analyze the expression of apoptosis related genes and its proteins, respectively. RESULTS Flavipin inhibited proliferation of A549, HT-29 and MCF-7 cancer cells in dose dependent manner with an IC50 concentration of 9.89 µg/ml, 18 µg/ml and 54 µg/ml, respectively, whereas it was comparatively less sensitive (IC50 = 78.89 µg/ml) against normal cell line (CCD-18Co). At IC50 concentration cancerous cells exhibited cell shrinkage and fragmentation of DNA, which indicated that flavipin induced apoptotic cell death. In treated cells there is an up-regulation of p53 gene and its associated protein, whereas reciprocal expression was observed in BCL-2 gene and its protein. Furthermore, western blotting results also showed down-regulation of NFκB. CONCLUSION This is the first report on the antiproliferative activity of flavipin isolated from endophytic C. globosum and also proposed that interaction of flavipin with NFкB could be a possible mechanism for this activity. Flavipin induced apoptosis at low concentrations in cancer cell lines (A549, HT-29) and exhibited itself as a potential anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venugopal Senthil Kumar
- Department of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda College, Mylapore, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 004, India; Pondicherry Centre for Biological Science and Educational Trust, Jawahar Nagar, Pondicherry 605 005, India
| | - Subramanian Kumaresan
- Department of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda College, Mylapore, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 004, India.
| | - Manoharan Muthu Tamizh
- Department of Chemistry, Siddha Central Research Institute, Central Council for Research in Siddha, Arumbakkam, Chennai 600 106, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohamed Ibrahim Hairul Islam
- Pondicherry Centre for Biological Science and Educational Trust, Jawahar Nagar, Pondicherry 605 005, India; Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf 31982 Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia
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Ismail NI, Othman I, Abas F, H Lajis N, Naidu R. Mechanism of Apoptosis Induced by Curcumin in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2454. [PMID: 31108984 PMCID: PMC6566943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the top three cancer with higher incident and mortality rate worldwide. It is estimated that about over than 1.1 million of death and 2.2 million new cases by the year 2030. The current treatment modalities with the usage of chemo drugs such as FOLFOX and FOLFIRI, surgery and radiotherapy, which are usually accompanied with major side effects, are rarely cured along with poor survival rate and at higher recurrence outcome. This trigger the needs of exploring new natural compounds with anti-cancer properties which possess fewer side effects. Curcumin, a common spice used in ancient medicine was found to induce apoptosis by targeting various molecules and signaling pathways involved in CRC. Disruption of the homeostatic balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis could be one of the promoting factors in colorectal cancer progression. In this review, we describe the current knowledge of apoptosis regulation by curcumin in CRC with regard to molecular targets and associated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Isnida Ismail
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
- UniKL MESTECH, A1-1 Jalan TKS1, Taman Kajang Sentral, 43000 Kajang, Malaysia.
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Faridah Abas
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia.
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia, UPM, 434000 Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Nordin H Lajis
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Rakesh Naidu
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Bloemberg D, Quadrilatero J. Autophagy, apoptosis, and mitochondria: molecular integration and physiological relevance in skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C111-C130. [PMID: 31017800 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00261.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis and autophagy are processes resulting from the integration of cellular stress and death signals. Their individual importance is highlighted by the lethality of various mouse models missing apoptosis or autophagy-related genes. In addition to their independent roles, significant overlap exists with respect to the signals that stimulate these processes as well as their effector consequences. While these cellular systems exemplify the programming redundancies that underlie many fundamental biological mechanisms, their intertwined relationship means that dysfunction can promote pathology. Although both autophagic and apoptotic signaling are active in skeletal muscle during various diseases and atrophy, their specific roles here are somewhat unique. Given our growing understanding of how specific changes at the cellular level impact whole-organism physiology, there is an equally growing interest in pharmacological manipulation of apoptosis and/or autophagy for altering human physiology and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darin Bloemberg
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario , Canada
| | - Joe Quadrilatero
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario , Canada
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22
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Anti-Remodeling Effects of Xanthohumol-Fortified Beer in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Mediated by ERK and AKT Inhibition. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030583. [PMID: 30857304 PMCID: PMC6472147 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols present in some alcoholic beverages have been linked to beneficial effects in preventing cardiovascular diseases. Polyphenols found in beer with anti-proliferative and anti-cancer properties are appealing in the context of the quasi-malignant phenotype of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Our purpose was to evaluate if the chronic ingestion of a xanthohumol-fortified beer (FB) would be able to modulate the pathophysiology of experimental PAH. Male Wistar rats with monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH (60 mg/kg) were allowed to drink either xanthohumol-fortified beer (MCT + FB) or 5.2% ethanol (MCT + SHAM) for a period 4 weeks. At the end of the protocol, cardiopulmonary exercise testing and hemodynamic recordings were performed, followed by sample collection for further analysis. FB intake resulted in a significant attenuation of the pulmonary vascular remodeling in MCT + FB animals. This improvement was paralleled with the downregulation in expression of proteins responsible for proliferation (ERK1/2), cell viability (AKT), and apoptosis (BCL-XL). Moreover, MCT + FB animals presented improved right ventricle (RV) function and remodeling accompanied by VEGFR-2 pathway downregulation. The present study demonstrates that a regular consumption of xanthohumol through FB modulates major remodeling pathways activated in experimental PAH.
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Farahtaj F, Alizadeh L, Gholami A, Tahamtan A, Shirian S, Fazeli M, Nejad ASM, Gorji A, Niknam HM, Ghaemi A. Natural Infection with Rabies Virus: A Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Study of Human Brains. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2019; 10:6-11. [PMID: 30847265 PMCID: PMC6396821 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.1.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Despite all the efforts and increased knowledge of rabies, the exact mechanisms of infection and mortality from the rabies virus are not well understood. To understand the mechanisms underlying the pathogenicity of rabies virus infection, it is crucial to study the tissue that the rabies virus naturally infects in humans. Methods Cerebellum brain tissue from 9 human post mortem cases from Iran, who had been infected with rabies virus, were examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically to evaluate the innate immune responses against the rabies virus. Results Histopathological examination revealed inflammation of the infected cerebellum and immunohistochemical analyses showed an increased immunoreactivity of heat shock protein 70, interleukin-6, interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, caspase-3, caspase-9, toll-like receptor3 and toll-like receptor4 in the infected brain tissue. Conclusion These results indicated the involvement of innate immunity in rabies infected human brain tissue, which may aggravate the progression of this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firouzeh Farahtaj
- Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Rabies, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Alizadeh
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Gholami
- Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Rabies, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Tahamtan
- Department of Virology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Sadegh Shirian
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Maryam Fazeli
- Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Rabies, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Sasan Mozaffari Nejad
- Molecular Research Center, Student Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Gorji
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Amir Ghaemi
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Soares-Costa MAA, Costa JJN, Silva AWB, Cunha EV, Paulino LRFM, Silva BR, Silva ALC, van den Hurk R, Silva JRV. Effects of frutalin and doxorubicin on growth, ultrastructure and gene expression in goat secondary follicles cultured in vitro. Res Vet Sci 2018; 120:33-40. [PMID: 30195149 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of frutalin (0.6, 6.0 or 60.0 μg/mL) and doxorubicin (0.3 μg/mL) on survival, growth and ultrastructure of in-vitro cultured goat secondary follicles. The effects of these substances on the levels of mRNA for Casp3, Casp6, Bax, and Bcl2 were also investigated. Results showed that, after 6 days of culture, frutalin or doxorubicin reduced the percentage of normal follicles (P < 0.05), but doxorubicin had higher toxicity than frutalin. Except for follicles cultured with 0.6 μg/mL frutalin, follicular growth rate was reduced after culture with doxorubicin or frutalin (P < 0.05). The presence doxorubicin or 60.0 μg/mL frutalin increased the levels of mRNA for Casp3, Casp6, Bax, and Bcl2 (P < 0.05). Higher mRNA levels for Casp3, Casp6 and Bax were found in follicles cultured with doxorubicin, but higher levels of Bcl2 mRNA were found in follicles cultured with frutalin (P < 0.05). In conclusion, frutalin has lower toxic effects than doxorubicin on secondary follicles cultured in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A A Soares-Costa
- Biotechnology Nucleus of Sobral (NUBIS), Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil
| | - J J N Costa
- Biotechnology Nucleus of Sobral (NUBIS), Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil
| | - A W B Silva
- Biotechnology Nucleus of Sobral (NUBIS), Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil
| | - E V Cunha
- Biotechnology Nucleus of Sobral (NUBIS), Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil
| | - L R F M Paulino
- Biotechnology Nucleus of Sobral (NUBIS), Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil
| | - B R Silva
- Biotechnology Nucleus of Sobral (NUBIS), Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil
| | - A L C Silva
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory (LabBMol), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - R van den Hurk
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J R V Silva
- Biotechnology Nucleus of Sobral (NUBIS), Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil.
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Im E, Yeo C, Lee EO. Luteolin induces caspase-dependent apoptosis via inhibiting the AKT/osteopontin pathway in human hepatocellular carcinoma SK-Hep-1 cells. Life Sci 2018; 209:259-266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Ryan F, Khodagholi F, Dargahi L, Minai-Tehrani D, Ahmadiani A. Temporal Pattern and Crosstalk of Necroptosis Markers with Autophagy and Apoptosis Associated Proteins in Ischemic Hippocampus. Neurotox Res 2018; 34:79-92. [PMID: 29313217 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9861-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Necroptosis, a novel type of programmed cell death, has been recently implicated as a possible mechanism for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. We herein studied time-dependent changes of necroptosis markers along with apoptosis- and autophagy-associated proteins in rat hippocampus at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after global cerebral I/R injury. Furthermore, to determine the cross talk between autophagy and necroptosis, we examined the effects of pretreatment with bafilomycin-A1 (Baf-A1), as a late-stage autophagy inhibitor, on necroptosis. Highest levels of receptor-interacting protein 1 and 3 (RIP1 and RIP3), as key mediators of necroptosis, were observed at 24 h after reperfusion. Alongside, activity of glutamate dehydrogenase (GLUD1), downstream enzyme of RIP3, was increased. Peak time of necroptosis was subsequent to caspase-3-dependent cell death that peaked at 12 h of reperfusion but concurrent with autophagy. Administration of Baf-A1 could attenuate necroptosis, verified by decrease in RIP1 and RIP3 protein levels, as well as GLUD1 activity. However, there was no significant change in caspase-3-dependent cell death. Taken together, our results highlight that global cerebral I/R activates necroptosis that could be triggered by autophagy and interacts reversely with caspase-3-dependent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fari Ryan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- NeuroBiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dariush Minai-Tehrani
- Bioresearch Lab, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University G.C, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolhassan Ahmadiani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Xu F, Ren L, Song M, Shao B, Han Y, Cao Z, Li Y. Fas- and Mitochondria-Mediated Signaling Pathway Involved in Osteoblast Apoptosis Induced by AlCl 3. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 184:173-185. [PMID: 29027106 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1176-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is known to induce apoptosis of osteoblasts (OBs). However, the mechanism is not yet established. To investigate the apoptotic mechanism of OBs induced by aluminum trichloride (AlCl3), the primary OBs from the craniums of fetal Wistar rats were exposed to 0 mg/mL (control group, CG), 0.06 mg/mL (low-dose group, LG), 0.12 mg/mL (mid-dose group, MG), and 0.24 mg/mL (high-dose group, HG) AlCl3 for 24 h, respectively. We observed that AlCl3 induced OB apoptosis with the appearance of apoptotic morphology and increase of apoptosis rate. Additionally, AlCl3 treatment activated mitochondrial-mediated signaling pathway, accompanied by mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) depolarization, release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm, as well as survival signal-related factor caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation. AlCl3 exposure also activated Fas/Fas ligand signaling pathway, presented as Fas, Fas ligand, and Fas-associated death domain expression enhancement and caspase-8 activation, as well as the hydrolysis of Bid to truncated Bid, suggesting that the Fas-mediated signaling pathway might aggravate mitochondria-mediated OB apoptosis through hydrolyzing Bid. Furthermore, AlCl3 exposure inhibited Bcl-2 protein expression and increased the expressions of Bax, Bak, and Bim in varying degrees. These results indicated that AlCl3 exposure induced OB apoptosis through activating Fas- and mitochondria-mediated signaling pathway and disrupted B-cell lymphoma-2 family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feibo Xu
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Limin Ren
- Muyuan Foodstuff Co., Ltd, Nanyang, 473000, China
| | - Miao Song
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Bing Shao
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yanfei Han
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Wang A, Wang M, Pang Q, Jia L, Zhao J, Chen M, Zhao Y. Lily extracts inhibit the proliferation of gastric carcinoma SGC-7901 cells by affecting cell cycle progression and apoptosis via the upregulation of caspase-3 and Fas proteins, and the downregulation of FasL protein. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:1397-1404. [PMID: 30008816 PMCID: PMC6036323 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of alkaloids and carbinol extracts from lily on the proliferation of SGC-7901 cells, as well as the underlying mechanism. SGC-7901 cells were incubated with different concentrations of alkaloid or carbinol extracts for 24, 48 or 72 h. MTT assays were used to measure the inhibition rate of SGC-7901 cell proliferation. Inverted phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy was used to observe morphological changes of SGC-7901 cells. Flow cytometry was employed to detect cell cycle progression and apoptosis rates of SGC-7901 cells. Western blotting was performed to measure the expression of caspase-3, Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) proteins in SGC-7901 cells. The inhibition rate of SGC-7901 cell proliferation was significantly enhanced with increasing drug concentrations and time elapsed. Treatment with alkaloid or carbinol extracts deteriorated the morphology of SGC-7901 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Alkaloid and carbinol extracts arrested SGC-7901 cells in the G2/M phase, and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Alkaloid and carbinol extracts enhanced caspase-3, and Fas expression, but reduced FasL expression in SGC-7901 cells. The present study demonstrated that alkaloids and carbinol extracts from lily inhibited the proliferation of gastric carcinoma SGC-7901 cells by arresting cells in the G2/M phase. The upregulation of caspase-3 and Fas proteins, and the downregulation of FasL protein may be an important mechanism for the induction of SGC-7901 cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihong Wang
- School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, P.R. China
| | - Mingquan Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, P.R. China
| | - Qiuxia Pang
- School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Jia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fuxian County Hospital, Yan'an, Shaanxi 727500, P.R. China
| | - Jumei Zhao
- School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, P.R. China
| | - Meini Chen
- School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, P.R. China
| | - Yufeng Zhao
- School of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, P.R. China
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Im E, Yeo C, Lee HJ, Lee EO. Dihydroartemisinin induced caspase-dependent apoptosis through inhibiting the specificity protein 1 pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma SK-Hep-1 cells. Life Sci 2018; 192:286-292. [PMID: 29128513 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) is a semi-synthetic derivative of artemisinin, well known for a safe and effective first-line antimalarial agent. This study investigated whether and how DHA induces apoptosis focusing on the specificity protein 1 (Sp1) pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) SK-Hep-1 cells. MAIN METHODS The cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay. Cell cycle analysis was performed after PI staining by flow cytometry system. Apoptosis was confirmed by DAPI staining and by detecting cytoplasmic histone-associated-DNA-fragments using a cell death detection ELISAPLUS kit. The expression of proteins involved in apoptosis was evaluated by Western blot. The nuclear localization of Sp1 was evaluated by immunofluorescence assay. KEY FINDINGS DHA exerted potent cytotoxicity against HCC SK-Hep-1 cells compared with normal hepatocyte AML12 cells. The sub-G1 DNA content and apoptosis index were increased by DHA, which was accompanied by nuclei condensation and fragmentation. DHA activated caspase 3, caspase 8, and caspase 9 and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). DHA-induced apoptotic cell death, activation of caspases and cleavage of PARP were dramatically inhibited by pan caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK. DHA down-regulated protein expression and nuclear localization of Sp1, which in turn decreased Sp1 downstream target protein, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis. Decreased Sp1 protein expression by DHA was restored by proteasome inhibitor MG132. DHA led to a down-regulation of phospho-ERK, -p38 and -JNK without affecting their total forms. SIGNIFICANCE These results demonstrate that DHA induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in HCC SK-Hep-1 cells by proteasome-dependent degradation of Sp1, which is involved in mitogen-activate protein kinase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Im
- Department of Cancer Preventive Material Development, Graduate school, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhwan Yeo
- Department of Cancer Preventive Material Development, Graduate school, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jeong Lee
- Department of Cancer Preventive Material Development, Graduate school, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ok Lee
- Department of Cancer Preventive Material Development, Graduate school, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Cultivated wild ginseng extracts upregulate the anti-apoptosis systems in cells and mice induced by bisphenol A. Mol Cell Toxicol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-017-0008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
TIP30/CC3 was first identified and characterized as a "candidate" tumor-suppressor gene in 1997. Recently, the TIP30 tumor-suppressor status has been fully established since several studies have described that TIP30 protein expression is frequently downregulated in diverse types of human tumors, and the downregulation is often associated with tumor progression. TIP30 is involved in the control of cell apoptosis, growth, metastasis, angiogenesis, DNA repair, and tumor cell metabolism. Moreover, TIP30(-/-) mice spontaneously develop hepatocellular carcinoma and other tumors at a higher incidence than that of wild-type mice. In this review, we provide an overview of current knowledge concerning the role of TIP30 in tumor development and progression. To our knowledge, this is the first review about the role of novel tumor-suppressor gene TIP30 in tumor development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic non-organ specific autoimmune disease associated with multiple autoantibodies targeting autoantigens from the nucleus. Given the complex pathophysiology of SLE and the role of TNF alpha in that disease, modulation of TNF alpha (in SLE or non-SLE patients) using TNF blockers could either be detrimental or beneficial in some patients. In this review we will focus on lupus autoantibodies and clinical manifestations after TNF blockade in SLE patients and conversely on drug-induced-SLE in non-SLE patients. Some hypotheses regarding the mechanism of induction of autoantibodies in RA patients treated with TNF blockers are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M De Bandt
- Rheumatology Department, Hôpital Robert Ballanger, Aulnay sous Bois, France.
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Zhu Z, Ding L, Qiu WF, Wu HF, Li R. Salvianolic acid B protects the myelin sheath around injured spinal cord axons. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:487-92. [PMID: 27127491 PMCID: PMC4829017 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.179068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvianolic acid B, an active pharmaceutical compound present in Salvia miltiorrhiza, exerts a neuroprotective effect in animal models of brain and spinal cord injury. Salvianolic acid B can promote recovery of neurological function; however, its protective effect on the myelin sheath after spinal cord injury remains poorly understood. Thus, in this study, in vitro tests showed that salvianolic acid B contributed to oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation, and the most effective dose was 20 μg/mL. For in vivo investigation, rats with spinal cord injury were intraperitoneally injected with 20 mg/kg salvianolic acid B for 8 weeks. The amount of myelin sheath and the number of regenerating axons increased, neurological function recovered, and caspase-3 expression was decreased in the spinal cord of salvianolic acid B-treated animals compared with untreated control rats. These results indicate that salvianolic acid B can protect axons and the myelin sheath, and can promote the recovery of neurological function. Its mechanism of action is likely to be associated with inhibiting apoptosis and promoting the differentiation and maturation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhu
- Hand & Foot Surgery and Reparative & Reconstruction Surgery Center, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Lu Ding
- Department of Physiology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wen-Feng Qiu
- Department of Physiology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hong-Fu Wu
- Department of Physiology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Rui Li
- Hand & Foot Surgery and Reparative & Reconstruction Surgery Center, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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Huang W, Tian SS, Hang PZ, Sun C, Guo J, Du ZM. Combination of microRNA-21 and microRNA-146a Attenuates Cardiac Dysfunction and Apoptosis During Acute Myocardial Infarction in Mice. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2016; 5:e296. [PMID: 26978580 PMCID: PMC5014454 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2016.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed the cytoprotective roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) miR-21 and miR-146a against ischemic cardiac injuries. While these studies investigated each of these miRNAs as an independent individual factor, our previous study has suggested the possible interaction between these two miRNAs. The present study was designed to investigate this possibility by evaluating the effects of miR-21 and miR-146a combination on cardiac ischemic injuries and the underlying mechanisms. MiR-21 and miR-146a synergistically decreased apoptosis under ischemia/hypoxic conditions in cardiomyocytes compared with either miR-21 or miR-146a alone. Mice coinjected with agomiR-21 and agomiR-146a had decreased infarct size, increased ejection fraction (EF), and fractional shortening (FS). These effects were greater than those induced by either of the two agomiRs. Furthermore, greater decreases in p38 mitogen-associated protein kinase phosphorylation (p-p38 MAPK) were observed with miR-21: miR-146a combination as compared to application of either of the miRNAs. These data suggest that combination of miR-21 and miR-146a has a greater protective effect against cardiac ischemia/hypoxia-induced apoptosis as compared to these miRNAs applied individually. This synergistic action is mediated by enhanced potency of inhibition of cardiomyocyte apoptosis by the miR-21—PTEN/AKT—p-p38—caspase-3 and miR-146a—TRAF6—p-p38—caspase-3 signal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shan-Shan Tian
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Peng-Zhou Hang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chuan Sun
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhi-Min Du
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
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Bloemberg D, Quadrilatero J. Caspase activity and apoptotic signaling in proliferating C2C12 cells following cisplatin or A23187 exposure. Data Brief 2016; 7:1024-30. [PMID: 27104214 PMCID: PMC4826590 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2016.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigating cell death signaling using cell culture is commonly performed to examine the effects of novel pharmaceuticals or to further characterize discrete cellular signaling pathways. Here, we provide data regarding the cell death response to either cisplatin or A23187 in sub-confluent C2C12 cells, by utilizing several concentrations and incubation times for each chemical. These data include an assessment of the activation of the proteolytic enzymes caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, calpain, and cathepsin B/L. Additionally, the expression of the apoptosis-regulating proteins Bax, Bcl2, and p53 are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darin Bloemberg
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joe Quadrilatero
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Comparative proteomics analysis of apoptotic Spodoptera frugiperda cells during p35 knockout Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus infection. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2016; 18:21-9. [PMID: 26922645 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Infection with Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) mutants lacking a functional p35 gene can induce host cell apoptosis, which provides the possibility to use the potential of these viruses in the biological control of pest insects. Nonetheless, the proteomics or the protein changes of Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells infected with p35 knockout AcMNPV have not yet been studied. To further improve the use of AcMNPV, we set out to analyze the protein composition and protein changes of Sf9 cells of different infection stages by isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) techniques. A total of 4004 sf9 proteins were identified by iTRAQ. After comparation of the significantly expressed 483 proteins from p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells and the significantly expressed 413 proteins from wtAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells, we found that 226 proteins were specific to p35koAcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells. The 226 proteins were categorized according to GO classification for insects and were categorized into: biological processes, molecular functions and cellular components. Of interest, the most up-regulated proteins related to Epstein-Barr virus infection, RNA transport, Calcium signaling pathway, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, oxidative phosphorylation and N-Glycan biosynthesis. Determination of the protein changes in p35 knockout AcMNPV-infected Sf9 cells would facilitate the better use of this virus-host cell interaction in pest insect control and other related fields.
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Abstract
Podocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis are two hallmarks of diabetic glomeruli, but the sequence in which these processes occur remains a matter of debate. Here we investigated the effects of inhibiting hypertrophy on apoptosis, and vice versa, in both podocytes and glomeruli, under diabetic conditions. Hypertrophy and apoptosis were inhibited using an epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor (PKI 166) and a pan-caspase inhibitor (zAsp-DCB), respectively. We observed significant increases in the protein expression of p27, p21, phospho-eukaryotic elongation factor 4E-binding protein 1, and phospho-p70 S6 ribosomal protein kinase, in both cultured podocytes exposed to high-glucose (HG) medium, and streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) rat glomeruli. These increases were significantly inhibited by PKI 166, but not by zAsp-DCB. In addition, the amount of protein per cell, the relative cell size, and the glomerular volume were all significantly increased under diabetic conditions, and these changes were also blocked by treatment with PKI 166, but not zAsp-DCB. Increased protein expression of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, together with increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratios, were also observed in HG-stimulated podocytes and DM glomeruli. Treatment with either zAsp-DCB or PKI 166 resulted in a significant attenuation of these effects. Both PKI 166 and zAsp-DCB also inhibited the increase in number of apoptotic cells, as assessed by Hoechst 33342 staining and TUNEL assay. Under diabetic conditions, inhibition of podocyte hypertrophy results in attenuated apoptosis, whereas blocking apoptosis has no effect on podocyte hypertrophy, suggesting that podocyte hypertrophy precedes apoptosis.
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38
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Sirtuin 6 Modulates Hypoxia-induced Apoptosis in Osteoblasts via Inhibition of Glycolysis: Implication for Pathogenesis of Periapical Lesions. J Endod 2015; 41:1631-7. [PMID: 26187426 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteoblast apoptosis is important in the regulation of inflammatory bone resorption. Hypoxia resulting from inflammation enhances glycolysis and apoptosis. Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) is a modulator of glucose metabolism and apoptosis. In the study we assessed the role of SIRT6 in hypoxia-induced glycolysis and apoptosis in osteoblasts, with special attention on the significance of these cellular processes in periapical lesions. METHODS Human bone marrow-derived osteoblasts were cultured under hypoxia. Expression of lactate dehydrogenase A was examined by Western blot, and production of lactate was measured by colorimetric assay. Cleavage of poly (adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase was used as an apoptosis marker and assessed by Western blot. SIRT6 was overexpressed in osteoblasts by lentiviral gene transduction, and then glycolytic and apoptotic responses were studied. In a rat model of bacteria-induced periapical lesions, expressions of SIRT6 and markers of glycolysis and apoptosis in osteoblasts were examined. RESULTS Hypoxia enhanced lactate dehydrogenase A expression and lactate production in osteoblasts. Poly (adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase cleavage was induced by hypoxia or lactate treatment. SIRT6 suppressed hypoxia-augmented glycolysis and inhibited apoptosis induced by hypoxia or lactate treatment. Expression of SIRT6 in osteoblasts was downregulated by hypoxia and inflammatory mediators. Development of periapical lesions in rats was associated with decreased expression of SIRT6 and increased glycolysis and apoptosis in osteoblasts. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that hypoxia-induced apoptosis of osteoblasts is dependent on glycolytic activity. SIRT6 is a negative regulator of inflammation and may alleviate periapical lesions by suppressing osteoblastic glycolysis and apoptosis.
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Declercq AM, Chiers K, Van den Broeck W, Dewulf J, Eeckhaut V, Cornelissen M, Bossier P, Haesebrouck F, Decostere A. Interactions of highly and low virulent Flavobacterium columnare isolates with gill tissue in carp and rainbow trout. Vet Res 2015; 46:25. [PMID: 25889257 PMCID: PMC4350652 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-015-0164-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The interactions of Flavobacterium columnare isolates of different virulence with the gills of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) were investigated. Both fish species were exposed to different high (HV) or low virulence (LV) isolates and sacrificed at seven predetermined times post-challenge. Histopathological and ultrastructural examination of carp and rainbow trout inoculated with the HV-isolate disclosed bacterial invasion and concomitant destruction of the gill tissue, gradually spreading from the filament tips towards the base, with outer membrane vesicles surrounding most bacterial cells. In carp, 5-10% of the fish inoculated with the LV-isolate became moribund and their gill tissue displayed the same features as described for the HV-isolate, albeit to a lesser degree. The bacterial numbers retrieved from the gill tissue were significantly higher for HV- compared to LV-isolate challenged carp and rainbow trout. TUNEL-stained and caspase-3-immunostained gill sections demonstrated significantly higher apoptotic cell counts in carp and rainbow trout challenged with the HV-isolate compared to control animals. Periodic acid-Schiff/alcian blue staining demonstrated a significantly higher total gill goblet cell count for HV- and LV-isolate challenged compared to control carp. Moreover, bacterial clusters were embedded in a neutral matrix while being encased by acid mucins, resembling biofilm formation. Eosinophilic granular cell counts were significantly higher in the HV-isolate compared to LV-isolate inoculated and control carp. The present data indicate a high colonization capacity, and the destructive and apoptotic-promoting features of the HV-isolate, and point towards important dynamic host mucin–F. columnare interactions warranting further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Maria Declercq
- Department Morphology, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Koen Chiers
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry diseases, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Wim Van den Broeck
- Department Morphology, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Jeroen Dewulf
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Venessa Eeckhaut
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry diseases, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Maria Cornelissen
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Peter Bossier
- Ghent University, Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Center, Rozier 44, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry diseases, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Annemie Decostere
- Department Morphology, Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Liu Y, Zhang S, Su D, Liu J, Cheng Y, Zou L, Li W, Jiang Y. Inhibiting (pro)renin receptor-mediated p38 MAPK signaling decreases hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 403:267-76. [PMID: 25711402 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2356-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The (pro)renin receptor is a new molecular member of the renin-angiotensin system and participates in regulating many physiological and pathological processes. However, the role of (pro)renin receptor-mediated signaling pathways in myocardial ischemic/reperfusion injury remains unclear. In this study, we hypothesized that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway activation by the (pro)renin receptor had effects on myocardial apoptosis induced by ischemia/reperfusion. This analysis was performed using a hypoxia/reoxygenation model in H9c2 cells to mimic ischemia/reperfusion injury. The H9c2 rat cardiomyocyte cell line was subjected to 2 h of hypoxia followed by 6 h of reoxygenation. The (pro)renin receptor, caspase 3, and phosphorylated p38 MAPK protein expression levels were analyzed by Western blot. After 2 h of hypoxia followed by 6 h of reoxygenation, apoptosis increased in H9c2 cells; the (pro)renin receptor, caspase 3, and phosphorylated p38 MAPK protein expressions were upregulated. siRNA silencing of the (pro)renin receptor significantly decreased p38 MAPK phosphorylation. siRNA silencing of the (pro)renin receptor and treatment with the p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580 significantly decreased the hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis and caspase 3 protein expression in H9c2 cells. Furthermore, we found that the role of the (pro)renin receptor was independent of angiotensin II (Ang II). Thus, we concluded that (pro)renin receptor activation could trigger hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells, partially through the p38 MAPK/caspase 3 signaling pathway, independent of Ang II. Therefore, this study may provide new therapeutic targets for myocardial ischemic/reperfusion injury prevention, and further in vivo studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Lianhe Road No. 193, Shahekou District, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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Wu L, Dong H, Zhao J, Wang Y, Yang Q, Jia C, Ma J. Diosgenin Stimulates Rat TM4 Cell Proliferation Through Activating Plasma Membrane Translocation and Transcriptional Activity of Estrogen Receptors1. Biol Reprod 2015; 92:24. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.124206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Bloemberg D, Quadrilatero J. Mitochondrial pro-apoptotic indices do not precede the transient caspase activation associated with myogenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:2926-36. [PMID: 25205454 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle differentiation requires activity of the apoptotic protease caspase-3. We attempted to identify the source of caspase activation in differentiating C2C12 skeletal myoblasts. In addition to caspase-3, caspase-2 was transiently activated during differentiation; however, no changes were observed in caspase-8 or -9 activity. Although mitochondrial Bax increased, this was matched by Bcl-2, resulting in no change to the mitochondrial Bax:Bcl-2 ratio early during differentiation. Interestingly, mitochondrial membrane potential increased on a timeline similar to caspase activation and was accompanied by an immediate, temporary reduction in cytosolic Smac and cytochrome c. Since XIAP protein expression dramatically declined during myogenesis, we investigated whether this contributes to caspase-3 activation. Despite reducing caspase-3 activity by up to 57%, differentiation was unaffected in cells overexpressing normal or E3-mutant XIAP. Furthermore, a XIAP mutant which can inhibit caspase-9 but not caspase-3 did not reduce caspase-3 activity or affect differentiation. Administering a chemical caspase-3 inhibitor demonstrated that complete enzyme inhibition was required to impair myogenesis. These results suggest that neither mitochondrial apoptotic signaling nor XIAP degradation is responsible for transient caspase-3 activation during C2C12 differentiation.
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Protective effects of certain pharmaceutical compounds against abrin induced cell death in Jurkat cell line. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 21:412-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Xiao K, Wang Y, Chang Z, Lao Y, Chang DC. p32, a novel binding partner of Mcl-1, positively regulates mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 451:322-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.07.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Na JY, Kim S, Song K, Kwon J. Rutin alleviates prion peptide-induced cell death through inhibiting apoptotic pathway activation in dopaminergic neuronal cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2014; 34:1071-9. [PMID: 25048806 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0084-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Prion disorders are progressive neurodegenerative diseases characterized by extensive neuronal loss and accumulation of the abnormal form of the scrapie prion protein (PrP). Rutin is a flavonoid that occurs naturally in plant-derived beverages and foods and is used in traditional and folkloric medicine worldwide. In the present study, we evaluated the protective effects of rutin against PrP fragment (106-126)-induced neuronal cell death. Rutin treatment blocked PrP (106-126)-mediated increases in reactive oxygen species production and nitric oxide release and helped slowing the decrease of neurotrophic factors that results from PrP accumulation. Rutin attenuated PrP (106-126)-associated mitochondrial apoptotic events by inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition and caspase-3 activity and blocking expression of the apoptotic signals Bax and PARP. Additionally, rutin treatment significantly decreased the expression of the death receptor Fas and its ligand Fas-L. Overall, our results demonstrated that rutin protects against the neurodegenerative effects of prion accumulation by increasing production of neurotropic factors and inhibiting apoptotic pathway activation in neuronal cells. These results suggested that rutin may have clinical benefits for prion diseases and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Na
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, 664-14, Duckjin-Dong, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 561-156, Republic of Korea
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Li W, Xin Y, Chen Y, Li X, Zhang C, Bai J, Yuan J. The anti-proliferative effects and mechanisms of low molecular weight scorpion BmK venom peptides on human hepatoma and cervical carcinoma cells in vitro.. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:1581-1584. [PMID: 25202371 PMCID: PMC4156272 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptides from scorpion venom have been previously studied for use in the prevention and treatment of various types of cancer in folk medicine. The present study investigated the anti-proliferative effects and mechanisms of the low molecular weight (~3 kDa) BmK scorpion venom peptides (LMWSVP) on human hepatoma (SMMC 7721) and cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells. The data indicated that LMWSVP inhibited the growth of SMMC 7721 cells, but had no effect on the growth of HeLa cells. SMMC 7721 cells were more sensitive, with a higher affinity, to LMWSVP as compared with HeLa cells. In addition, LMWSVP induced apoptosis of SMMC 7721 cells by upregulating the expression of caspase-3 and downregulating the expression of Bcl-2. These data provide an experimental basis for further purification and application of LMWSVP for use as an anti-tumor drug in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiling Li
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Yi Xin
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Xinli Li
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Cuili Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Jing Bai
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Jieli Yuan
- Department of Microecology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
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Alam MS, Ohsako S, Kanai Y, Kurohmaru M. Single administration of butylparaben induces spermatogenic cell apoptosis in prepubertal rats. Acta Histochem 2014; 116:474-80. [PMID: 24238989 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Parabens are p-hydroxybenzoic acid ester compounds widely used as preservatives in foods, cosmetics, toiletries and pharmaceuticals. Some parabens, including butylparaben, exert an estrogenic activity as determined by in vitro estrogen receptor assay and in vivo uterotrophic assay, and adversely affect endocrine secretion and male reproductive function. We conducted a research study to evaluate the acute effects of butylparaben on testicular tissues of prepubertal rats. Three-week-old male rats (n=8) were given a single dose of 1000mg/kg butylparaben. The rats were sacrificed under anesthesia at 3, 6 and 24h after administration, and their testes were collected for histopathological examination. The study revealed progressive detachment and sloughing of spermatogenic cells into the lumen of the seminiferous tubules at 3h, and this effect was enhanced at 6h after administration. Thin seminiferous epithelia and wide tubular lumina were seen at 24h in the butylparaben-treated group, compared to the control. In order to clarify whether sloughed spermatogenic cells underwent apoptosis, TUNEL assay was carried out. We found a significant increase in the number of apoptotic spermatogenic cells in all the treated groups, compared to the controls and a maximal number of apoptotic cells were detected at 6h after administration. In semithin sections, apoptotic cells were easily detected by their prominent basophilia and condensed chromatin, mainly found in spermatocytes. Ultrastructurally, the condensed chromatin and shrunken cytoplasm and nucleus, hallmarks of apoptotic cell death, were observed in butylparaben-treated groups. These observations lead us to postulate that butylparaben, similar to other estrogenic compounds, also induces spermatogenic cell apoptosis.
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Monitoring of neuronal loss in the hippocampus of Aβ-injected rat: autophagy, mitophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis stand against apoptosis. Neuromolecular Med 2013; 16:175-90. [PMID: 24203394 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-013-8272-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we tried to answer the following questions: which kind of defense pathways are activated after Aβ insult? How defense systems react against noxious effects of Aβ and whether they are able to deal against apoptosis or not? So, we traced some molecular pathways including autophagy, mitophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis before reaching to the endpoint of apoptosis. Besides, we measured the function of mitochondria after injection of Aβ (1-42) in CA1 area of hippocampus as a model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Based on our data, autophagy markers reached to their maximum level and returned to the control level as apoptotic markers started to increase. As a specialized form of autophagy, mitophagy markers followed the trend of autophagy markers. Whereas mitochondrial dynamic processes shifted toward fission, mitochondrial biogenesis was severely affected by Aβ and significantly decreased. Alongside suppression of mitochondrial biogenesis, activity of specific enzymes involved in antioxidant defense system, electron transport chain, and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) decreased in response to the Aβ. Activity of antioxidant enzymes increased at first and then decreased significantly compared to the control. TCA enzymes aconitase and malate dehydrogenase activities reduced immediately while citrate synthase and fumarase activities did not change. Based on our finding, monitoring of the master molecules of intracellular cascades and determining their trends before the destructive function of Aβ could be the target of therapeutic issues for AD.
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Effects of bFGF on the Modulation of Apoptosis in Gingival Fibroblasts with Different Host Ages. Int J Dent 2013; 2013:619580. [PMID: 24109488 PMCID: PMC3784268 DOI: 10.1155/2013/619580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) treatment on the proliferation and apoptosis of cultured gingival fibroblasts (GFs). Human GFs were isolated from the palatal gingival tissues of 16 healthy volunteers ranging in the age from 9 to 35 years old. Cultured GFs were subjected to the analyses for cell proliferation by ELISA assay, gene expression by RT-PCR analysis, and apoptosis potency by caspase-3 assay. The cell proliferation activity and gene expression of type-I collagen and caspase-3 activity were enhanced significantly by the treatment with bFGF in cultured GFs. Furthermore, the activity of caspase-3 in cultured GFs from young subjects was significantly higher than that in GFs from adults. It is shown that bFGF significantly enhances the gene expression of type-I collagen in cultured fibroblasts from human gingival tissues. It also demonstrated that bFGF modulates the apoptosis of periodontal fibroblasts, and the effect is higher in young subjects, indicating a significant role of bFGF in the prevention of scar formation during wound healing.
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Saxena N, Yadav P, Kumar O. The Fas/Fas ligand apoptotic pathway is involved in abrin-induced apoptosis. Toxicol Sci 2013; 135:103-18. [PMID: 23788630 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abrin is a plant glycoprotein toxin from the seeds of Abrus precatorius, sharing similarity in structure and properties with ricin. Abrin is highly toxic, with an estimated human fatal dose of 0.1-1 µg/kg, causing death after accidental or intentional poisoning. It is a potent biological toxin warfare agent. There is no chemical antidote available against the abrin. The elucidation of molecular mechanism of abrin-induced cell death is important for development of therapy. Intrinsic pathway-mediated apoptosis has been well established in abrin-induced cell death. However, the detailed mechanism especially extrinsic receptor-mediated pathway remains uncharacterized. To assess whether some of the apoptosis known to occur after abrin exposure might be mediated by Fas/Fas ligand (Fas L) interactions, we analyzed effect of abrin on Fas pathway in Jurkat cells. Here, we report that activation of the Fas pathway is involved in abrin-induced apoptosis. Following treatment of abrin, Fas L was induced, which stimulated the Fas pathway by cross-linking Fas receptor (Fas R). Apoptosis was mediated by cleavage of the Fas R proximal caspase-8 and the downstream caspase-3, resulting in activation of the prototype caspase substrate poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase and caspase-activated DNase. Blocking Fas L/Fas R interaction by using Fas inhibitor reduced abrin-induced apoptosis, further confirms involvement of Fas pathway. Activation of components of Fas pathway and caspases upon abrin treatment was also found in splenocytes in mice. Our findings offer new perspective for understanding the fundamental mechanism in abrin-induced apoptotic mechanism and may have implication in developing novel therapeutic strategies in the management for abrin-induced complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandita Saxena
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Defence Research Development & Establishment, Defence Research Development Organization, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh 474002, India.
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