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Zhang X, Ma J, Li L, Gan L, He H, Shao E, Guo X, Zhu H, You H, Zhong Y, Xing B. Elevated IGF-1 and GH Levels Are Correlated With a Thicker Iris and Wider Anterior Chamber Angle in Treatment-Naïve Acromegaly Patients. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:27. [PMID: 36306142 PMCID: PMC9624272 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.11.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare the difference in anterior segment biometrics derived from anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) between treatment-naïve acromegaly patients and normal controls and evaluate the correlations between above biometrics and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and growth hormone (GH) levels. Methods Sixty eyes of 30 acromegaly patients and 60 eyes of 30 normal controls were included in this case-control study. Central corneal thickness, pupil diameter, iris thickness (IT), iris curvature (IC), anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber width, lens vault (LV), angle open distance (AOD) 500, AOD750, and trabecular iris space area (TISA) 500 and TISA750 were measured by AS-OCT. General linear regression models were constructed to evaluate the independent endocrine factors affecting iris morphology and anterior chamber angle (ACA) width. Results The acromegaly patients had an evenly thicker iris (P < 0.001), a smaller IC (P < 0.05), a smaller LV (P = 0.040) and significantly larger AOD500, AOD750, TISA500 and TISA750 (P < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between the serum GH level and ACD in the acromegaly patients (P = 0.031). Linear regression models showed the lower LV and smaller IC were independent influencing factors of the increase in the AOD500, AOD750, and TISA750 and nasal TISA500. Serum IGF-1 was an independent factor for the increase in pupil diameter (β = 0.002, P = 0.031) and both the average nasal (β = 6.781*10−5, P = 0.049) and temporal (β = 7.736*10−5, P = 0.045) IT values and for the decrease in temporal IC (β < 0.001, P = 0.037). GH was an independent factor for the increase in temporal AOD750 (β = 0.001, P = 0.030) and temporal TISA750 (β = 0.002, P = 0.016). Conclusions Patients with acromegaly have a thicker IT, smaller IC, and lower LV with a wider ACA than normal controls. Serum GH is independently correlated with the temporal ACA width, whereas serum IGF-1 is independently correlated with IT, pupil diameter, and IC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lüe Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Linyang Gan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huijing He
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Enhua Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui You
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Fickie MR, Lapunzina P, Gentile JK, Tolkoff-Rubin N, Kroshinsky D, Galan E, Gean E, Martorell L, Romanelli V, Toral JF, Lin AE. Adults with Sotos syndrome: review of 21 adults with molecularly confirmed NSD1 alterations, including a detailed case report of the oldest person. Am J Med Genet A 2011; 155A:2105-11. [PMID: 21834047 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.34156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2010] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sotos syndrome is a well-described multiple anomaly syndrome characterized by overgrowth, distinctive craniofacial appearance, and variable learning disabilities. The diagnosis of Sotos syndrome relied solely on these clinical criteria until haploinsufficiency of the NSD1 gene was identified as causative. We describe a 63-year-old woman with classic features and a pathogenic NSD1 mutation, who we believe to be the oldest reported person with Sotos syndrome. She is notable for the diagnosis of Sotos syndrome late in life, mild cognitive limitation, and chronic kidney disease attributed to fibromuscular dysplasia for which she recently received a transplant. She has basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma for which her lifetime of sun exposure and fair cutaneous phototype are viewed as risk factors. We also reviewed previous literature reports (n = 11) for adults with Sotos syndrome, and studied patients ascertained in the Spanish Overgrowth Syndrome Registry (n = 15). Analysis was limited to 21/27 (78%) total patients who had molecular confirmation of Sotos syndrome (15 with a mutation, 6 with a microdeletion). With a mean age of 26 years, the most common features were learning disabilities (90%), scoliosis (52%), eye problems (43%), psychiatric issues (30%), and brain imaging anomalies (28%). Learning disabilities were more severe in patients with a microdeletion than in those with a point mutation. From this small study with heterogeneous ascertainment we suggest modest adjustments to the general healthcare monitoring of individuals with Sotos syndrome. Although this series includes neoplasia in four cases, this should not be interpreted as incidence. Age-appropriate cancer surveillance should be maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Fickie
- Genetics Unit, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School Genetics Training Program, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Nalini A, Biswas A. Sotos syndrome: An interesting disorder with gigantism. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2011; 11:190-2. [PMID: 19893668 PMCID: PMC2771975 DOI: 10.4103/0972-2327.42941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2007] [Revised: 02/06/2008] [Accepted: 04/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the case of a 16-year-old boy diagnosed to have Sotos syndrome, with rare association of bilateral primary optic atrophy and epilepsy. He presented with accelerated linear growth, facial gestalt, distinctive facial features, seizures and progressive diminution of vision in both eyes. He had features of gigantism from early childhood. An MRI showed that brain and endocrine functions were normal. This case is of interest, as we have to be aware of this not so rare disorder. In addition to the classic features, there were two unusual associations with Sotos syndrome in the patient.
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Gomes-Silva JM, Ruviére DB, Segatto RAS, de Queiroz AM, de Freitas AC. Sotos Syndrome: A case report. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2006; 26:257-62. [PMID: 17472042 DOI: 10.1111/j.1754-4505.2006.tb01664.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sotos Syndrome is a genetic condition characterized by accelerated bone development, abnormal craniofacial morphology and psychomotor developmental retardation. The behavioral problems usually associated with the syndrome include poor social skills, anxiety and/or irritability. Oral findings include prognathism and a high-arched palate with premature eruption of the teeth. Delayed psychomotor development increases the risk for caries. A personalized preventive treatment plan with close supervision of the patient's oral health care is required. This paper documents a child diagnosed with Sotos Syndrome and describes the primary clinical features, the disease-specific craniofacial, oral and dental findings, and dental care management of this patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaciara Miranda Gomes-Silva
- Department of Pediatric Clinics, Preventive and Social Dentistry School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Horikoshi H, Kato Z, Masuno M, Asano T, Nagase T, Yamagishi Y, Kozawa R, Arai T, Aoki M, Teramoto T, Omoya K, Matsumoto N, Kurotaki N, Shimokawa O, Kurosawa K, Kondo N. Neuroradiologic findings in Sotos syndrome. J Child Neurol 2006; 21:614-8. [PMID: 16970856 DOI: 10.1177/08830738060210071001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sotos syndrome is a well-known anomaly syndrome characterized by overgrowth, characteristic facial gestalt, and developmental delay, and haploinsufficiency of the NSD1 gene has been revealed as one of the major genetic causes. However, there have been only a few reports on neuroradiologic findings by computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and functional examination of the brain has not been reported. We examined three cases with typical Sotos syndrome, which also were confirmed by genetic analysis with a specific probe for the NSD1 gene. The results of MRI showed the characteristic features that have been reported previously. The findings obtained by using single-photon emission computed tomography and magnetic resonance spectroscopy suggested an association between mental delay and behavioral tendency in Sotos syndrome and immaturity in frontal brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Horikoshi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Japan
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Sotos syndrome (SoS) (OMIM #117550) is a childhood overgrowth syndrome characterized by excessive growth, distinctive craniofacial features, developmental delay, and advanced bone age. Recently, haploinsufficiency of the NSD1 gene has been identified as the major cause of SoS, with intragenic mutations or submicroscopic microdeletions being found in about 60 to 75% of clinically diagnosed patients with SoS. RECENT FINDINGS Recent reports provided much information about the genetic background of SoS, the NSD gene family, and genotype-phenotype correlation. They also added new perspectives in the discussion about a possible association between SoS and neoplasia. SUMMARY This review focuses on recent genetic developments in SoS. Clinical features and associated anomalies are reviewed in relation to possible functional roles of NSD1. Genotype-phenotype correlation between patients with SoS harboring either intragenic mutations or microdeletions is discussed as well as their implication for possible revision of the diagnostic criteria of SoS. Furthermore, future prospects in genetic research of SoS are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remco Visser
- Department of Human Genetics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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