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Awwad L, Aronheim A. Tumor Progression Reverses Cardiac Hypertrophy and Fibrosis in a Tetracycline-Regulated ATF3 Transgenic Mouse Model. Cells 2023; 12:2289. [PMID: 37759510 PMCID: PMC10528851 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cancer are the top deadly diseases in the world. Both CVD and cancer have common risk factors; therefore, with the advances in treatment and life span, both diseases may occur simultaneously in patients. It is becoming evident that CVD and cancer are highly connected, establishing a novel discipline known as cardio-oncology. This includes the cardiomyocyte death following any anti-tumor therapy known as cardiotoxicity as well the intricate interplay between heart failure and cancer. Recent studies, using various mouse models, showed that heart failure promotes tumor growth and metastasis spread. Indeed, patients with heart failure were found to be at higher risk of developing malignant diseases. While the effect of heart failure on cancer is well established, little is known regarding the effect of tumors on heart failure. A recent study from our lab has demonstrated that tumor growth and metastasis ameliorate cardiac remodeling in a pressure-overload mouse model. Nevertheless, this study was inconclusive regarding whether tumor growth solely suppresses cardiac remodeling or is able to reverse existing heart failure outcomes as well. Here, we used a regulable transgenic mouse model for cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Cancer cell implantation suppressed cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis as shown using echocardiography, qRT-PCR and fibrosis staining. In addition, tumor growth resulted in an M1 to M2 macrophage switch, which is correlated with cardiac repair. Macrophage depletion using clodronate liposomes completely abrogated the tumors' beneficial effect. This study highly suggests that harnessing tumor paradigms may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for CVDs and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ami Aronheim
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa P.O. Box 9649, Israel;
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Ke H, Chen Z, Zhao X, Yang C, Luo T, Ou W, Wang L, Liu H. Research progress on activation transcription factor 3: A promising cardioprotective molecule. Life Sci 2023:121869. [PMID: 37355225 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Activation transcription factor 3 (ATF3), a member of the ATF/cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding family, can be induced by a variety of stresses. Numerous studies have indicated that ATF3 plays multiple roles in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertrophy, fibrosis, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, cardiomyopathy, and other cardiac dysfunctions. In past decades, ATF3 has been demonstrated to be detrimental to some cardiac diseases. Current studies have indicated that ATF3 can function as a cardioprotective molecule in antioxidative stress, lipid metabolic metabolism, energy metabolic regulation, and cell death modulation. To unveil the potential therapeutic role of ATF3 in cardiovascular diseases, we organized this review to explore the protective effects and mechanisms of ATF3 on cardiac dysfunction, which might provide rational evidence for the prevention and cure of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoteng Ke
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Zexing Chen
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Xuanbin Zhao
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Chaobo Yang
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Tao Luo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Wen Ou
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Lizi Wang
- Department of Health Management, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Haiqiong Liu
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China; Department of Health Management, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
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3
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Billah M, Naz A, Noor R, Bhindi R, Khachigian LM. Early Growth Response-1: Friend or Foe in the Heart? Heart Lung Circ 2023; 32:e23-e35. [PMID: 37024319 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Early growth response-1 (Egr-1) plays a critical regulatory role in a range of experimental models of cardiovascular diseases. Egr-1 is an immediate-early gene and is upregulated by various stimuli including shear stress, oxygen deprivation, oxidative stress and nutrient deprivation. However, recent research suggests a new, underexplored cardioprotective side of Egr-1. The main purpose of this review is to explore and summarise the dual nature of Egr-1 in cardiovascular pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muntasir Billah
- Department of Cardiology, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School Northern, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Adiba Naz
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rashed Noor
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Independent University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ravinay Bhindi
- Department of Cardiology, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School Northern, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Levon M Khachigian
- Vascular Biology and Translational Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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4
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Qin C, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Cao F. Transcriptome-wide analysis reveals the molecular mechanisms of cannabinoid type II receptor agonists in cardiac injury induced by chronic psychological stress. Front Genet 2023; 13:1095428. [PMID: 36704356 PMCID: PMC9871316 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1095428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Growing evidence has supported that chronic psychological stress would cause heart damage, However the mechanisms involved are not clear and effective interventions are insufficient. Cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R) can be a potential treatment for cardiac injury. This study is aimed to investigate the protective mechanism of CB2R agonist against chronic psychological stress-induced cardiac injury. Methods: A mouse chronic psychological stress model was constructed based on a chronic unpredictable stress pattern. Mice were performed a three-week psychological stress procedure, and cardiac tissues of them were collected for whole-transcriptome sequencing. Overlap analysis was performed on differentially expressed mRNAs (DE-mRNAs) and ER stress-related genes (ERSRGs), and bioinformatic methods were used to predict the ceRNA networks and conduct pathway analysis. The expressions of the DE-ERSRGs were validated by RT-qPCR. Results: In the comparison of DE mRNA in Case group, Control group and Treatment group, three groups of ceRNA networks and ceRNA (circ) networks were constructed. The DE-mRNAs were mainly enriched in chromatid-relevant terms and Hematopoietic cell lineage pathway. Additionally, 13 DE-ERSRGs were obtained by the overlap analysis, which were utilized to establish a ceRNA network with 15 nodes and 14 edges and a ceRNA (circ) network with 23 nodes and 28 edges. Furthermore, four DE-ERSRGs (Cdkn1a, Atf3, Fkbp5, Gabarapl1) in the networks were key, which were mainly enriched in response to extracellular stimulus, response to nutrient levels, cellular response to external stimulus, and FoxO signaling pathway. Finally, the RT-qPCR results showed almost consistent expression patterns of 13 DE-ERSRGs between the transcriptome and tissue samples. Conclusion: The findings of this study provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of chronic psychological stress-induced cardiac diseases and reveal novel targets for the cardioprotective effects of CB2R agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Qin
- Department of Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases and Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yujia Wang
- Department of Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases and Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases and Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yabin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases and Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases and Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Research on Aging and Related Diseases, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Feng Cao,
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Das K, Basak M, Mahata T, Kumar M, Kumar D, Biswas S, Chatterjee S, Moniruzzaman M, Saha NC, Mondal K, Kumar P, Das P, Stewart A, Maity B. RGS11-CaMKII complex mediated redox control attenuates chemotherapy-induced cardiac fibrosis. Redox Biol 2022; 57:102487. [PMID: 36228439 PMCID: PMC9557029 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dose limiting cardiotoxicity remains a major limiting factor in the clinical use of several cancer chemotherapeutics including anthracyclines and the antimetabolite 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Prior work has demonstrated that chemotherapeutics increase expression of R7 family regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) protein-binding partner Gβ5, which drives myocyte cytotoxicity. However, though several R7 family members are expressed in heart, the exact role of each protein in chemotherapy driven heart damage remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that RGS11, downregulated in the human heart following chemotherapy exposure, possesses potent anti-apoptotic actions, in direct opposition to the actions of fellow R7 family member RGS6. RGS11 forms a direct complex with the apoptotic kinase CaMKII and stress responsive transcription factor ATF3 and acts to counterbalance the ability of CaMKII and ATF3 to trigger oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, cell death, and release of the cardiokine neuregulin-1 (NRG1), which mediates pathological intercommunication between myocytes and endothelial cells. Doxorubicin triggers RGS11 depletion in the murine myocardium, and cardiac-specific OE of RGS11 decreases doxorubicin-induced fibrosis, myocyte hypertrophy, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and cell loss and aids in the maintenance of left ventricular function. Conversely, RGS11 knockdown in heart promotes cardiac fibrosis associated with CaMKII activation and ATF3/NRG1 induction. Indeed, inhibition of CaMKII largely prevents the fibrotic remodeling resulting from cardiac RGS11 depletion underscoring the functional importance of the RGS11-CaMKII interaction in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis. These data describe an entirely new role for RGS11 in heart and identify RGS11 as a potential new target for amelioration of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Das
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), India
| | - Madhuri Basak
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India
| | - Tarun Mahata
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India
| | - Sayan Biswas
- Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine and Sagore Dutta Hospital, B.T. Road, Kamarhati, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700058, India
| | | | | | | | - Kausik Mondal
- Zoology, University of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, 741235, India
| | - Pranesh Kumar
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aryakul College of Pharmacy & Research, Natkur, Aryakul College Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India
| | - Priyadip Das
- Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, 603203, India
| | - Adele Stewart
- Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Biswanath Maity
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), India.
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Liu H, Mo H, Yang C, Mei X, Song X, Lu W, Xiao H, Yan J, Wang X, Yan J, Luo T, Lin Y, Wen D, Chen G, Chen A, Ling Y. A novel function of ATF3 in suppression of ferroptosis in mouse heart suffered ischemia/reperfusion. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 189:122-135. [PMID: 35843476 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ferroptosis, a newly identified type of programmed cell death type, has been proven to contribute to the progression of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, little is known about ferroptosis regulation in I/R injury. OBJECTIVES We identified activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) as a vital regulator of I/R induced ferroptosis and investigated the effects and potential mechanism of ATF3 in cardiac ferroptosis. METHODS In this study, the dynamic RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis were performed on mouse hearts exposed to different I/R schedules to identify that ATF3 represents an important modulatory molecule in myocardial I/R injury. Then knockout, rescue and overexpression methods were used in mice and neonatal mouse cells (NMCs) to illustrate the effect of ATF3 on myocardial I/R injury. Loss/gain of function techniques were used both in vivo and in vitro to explore the effects of ATF3 on ferroptosis in I/R injury. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequence (ChIP-seq) analysis was performed in the AC16 human cardiomyocyte cell line to investigate potential genes regulated by ATF3. RESULTS ATF3 expression reached highest level at early stage of reperfusion, knockout of ATF3 significantly aggravated I/R injury, which could be rescued by ATF3 re-expression. Knockout and the re-expression of ATF3 changed the transcription levels of multiple ferroptosis genes. In addition, results showed that overexpression of ATF3 inhibits cardiomyocyte ferroptosis triggered by erastin and RSL3. Lastly, ChIP-seq and dual luciferase activity analysis revealed ATF3 could bind to the transcription start site of Fanconi anaemia complementation group D2 (FANCD2) and increased the FANCD2 promoter activity. Furthermore, we first demonstrated that overexpression of FANCD2 exerts significant anti-ferroptosis and cardioprotective effect on AC16 cell H/R injury. CONCLUSION ATF3 inhibits cardiomyocyte ferroptotic death in I/R injury, which might be related with regulating FANCD2. Our study provides new insight into the molecular target for the therapy of myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqiong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China; Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Huaqiang Mo
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China; Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Chaobo Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China; Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiheng Mei
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China; Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xudong Song
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China; Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Weizhe Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China; Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China; Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianyun Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China; Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianbao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China; Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China; Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Luo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yuhao Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China; Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Daojun Wen
- Department of Cardiology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi, China
| | - Guiming Chen
- Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China.
| | - Aihua Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China; Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yuanna Ling
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China.
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Awwad L, Aronheim A. Cardiac Dysfunction Promotes Cancer Progression via Multiple Secreted Factors. Cancer Res 2022; 82:1753-1761. [PMID: 35260887 PMCID: PMC9359722 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-2463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure and cancer are the leading cause of deaths worldwide. While heart failure and cancer have been considered separate diseases, it is becoming evident that they are highly connected and affect each other's outcomes. Recent studies using experimental mouse models have suggested that heart failure promotes tumor progression. The mouse models used involve major irreversible surgery. Here, we induced heart hypertrophy via expression of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) in cardiomyocytes, followed by cancer cells' implantation. Tumors developing in ATF3-transgenic mice grew larger and displayed a more highly metastatic phenotype compared with tumors in wild-type mice. To address whether ATF3 expression or the cardiac outcome are necessary for tumor progression, ATF3 expression was turned off after cardiac hypertrophy development followed by cancer cell implantation. The tumor promotion phenotype and the enhancement of metastatic properties were preserved, suggesting that the failing heart per se is sufficient to promote tumor progression. Serum derived from ATF3-transgenic mice enhanced cancer cell proliferation and increased cancer cell metastatic properties in vitro. Using a cytokine array panel, multiple factors responsible for promoting tumor cell proliferation and the metastatic phenotype were identified. Interestingly, the failing heart and the tumor separately and simultaneously contributed to higher levels of these factors in the serum as well as other tissues and organs. These data suggest the existence of intimate cross-talk between the hypertrophied heart and the tumor that is mediated by secreted factors, leading to cancer promotion and disease deterioration. SIGNIFICANCE This work highlights the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of heart failure prior to reaching the irreversible stage that can exacerbate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ami Aronheim
- Corresponding Author: Ami Aronheim, Israel Institute of Technology, 7th Efron St. Bat-Galim, PO Box 9649, Haifa 31096, Israel. Phone: 972-4829-5454; Fax: 972-4829-5225; E-mail:
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JDP2, a Novel Molecular Key in Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084110. [PMID: 33923401 PMCID: PMC8074072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) are two major life-threatening diseases worldwide. Causes and mechanisms are incompletely understood, yet current therapies are unable to stop disease progression. In this review, we focus on the contribution of the transcriptional modulator, Jun dimerization protein 2 (JDP2), and on HF and AF development. In recent years, JDP2 has been identified as a potential prognostic marker for HF development after myocardial infarction. This close correlation to the disease development suggests that JDP2 may be involved in initiation and progression of HF as well as in cardiac dysfunction. Although no studies have been done in humans yet, studies on genetically modified mice impressively show involvement of JDP2 in HF and AF, making it an interesting therapeutic target.
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Cheng CF, Ku HC, Shen TC. The potential of using itaconate as treatment for inflammation-related heart diseases. Tzu Chi Med J 2021; 34:113-118. [PMID: 35465278 PMCID: PMC9020236 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_83_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular metabolites can cause critical changes in biological functions. Itaconate is perhaps the most fascinating substance in macrophages. Lipopolysaccharide can activate aconitate decarboxylase 1 and induces the generation of itaconate from the tricarboxylic acid cycle by decarboxylation of cis-aconitate. It has been reported that itaconate has beneficial effects on inflammation and oxidation. The mechanisms involved in these effects include the suppression of succinate dehydrogenase, the activation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 by alkylation of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, suppression of aerobic glycolysis through regulation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A, and suppression of IκBζ translation through activating transcription factor 3 activation. All of these findings elucidated the possible therapeutic implications of itaconate in inflammation-related diseases. In this review, we highlight that itaconate is a crucial molecule of the immunomodulatory response in macrophages and can regulate between immune response and cardiovascular metabolism. Furthermore, these discoveries suggest that itaconate is a very novel therapeutic molecule for the treatment of inflammation-related heart diseases.
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Soraya AS, Tali H, Rona S, Tom F, Roy K, Ami A. ATF3 expression in cardiomyocytes and myofibroblasts following transverse aortic constriction displays distinct phenotypes. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2020; 32:100706. [PMID: 33437861 PMCID: PMC7786009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Activating transcription 3 (ATF3) is a member of the basic leucine zipper family of transcription factors. ATF3 is an immediate early gene expressed following various cellular stresses. ATF3 acts through binding to cyclic AMP response elements found in the promoters of key regulatory proteins that determine cell fate. In the heart, multiple cardiac stresses result in chronic ATF3 expression. Transgenic mice with ATF3 expression in cardiomyocytes clearly demonstrate that ATF3 serves a leading role in heart hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, cardiac dysfunction and death. In contrast, the use of ATF3 whole body knockout mice resulted non-conclusive results. The heart is composed of various cell types such as cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial and immune cells. The question that we addressed in this study is whether ablation of ATF3 in unique cell types in the heart results in diverse cardiac phenotypes. Methods ATF3-flox mice were crossed with αMHC and Postn specific promoters directing CRE expression and thus ATF3 ablation in cardiomyocytes and myofibroblast cells. Mice were challenged with transverse aortic constriction (TAC) for eight weeks and heart function, ventricle weight, hypertrophic markers, fibrosis markers and ATF3 expression were assessed by qRT-PCR. Results The results of the study show that ATF3 deletion in cardiomyocytes followed by TAC resulted in reduced heart growth and dampened fibrosis response while ATF3 ablation in myofibroblasts displayed a reduced hypertrophic gene program. Conclusions TAC-operation results in increased ATF3 expression in both myofibroblasts and cardiomyocytes that promotes a hypertrophic program and fibrotic cardiac growth, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu-Sharki Soraya
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport, Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Haas Tali
- The Pre-Clinical Research Authority Unit, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shofti Rona
- The Pre-Clinical Research Authority Unit, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Friedman Tom
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport, Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Kalfon Roy
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport, Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Aronheim Ami
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport, Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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11
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Choe N, Kwon DH, Ryu J, Shin S, Cho HJ, Joung H, Eom GH, Ahn Y, Park WJ, Nam KI, Kim YK, Kook H. miR-27a-3p Targets ATF3 to Reduce Calcium Deposition in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 22:627-639. [PMID: 33230462 PMCID: PMC7578555 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Vascular calcification, the ectopic deposition of calcium in blood vessels, develops in association with various metabolic diseases and atherosclerosis and is an independent predictor of morbidity and mortality associated with these diseases. Herein, we report that reduction of microRNA-27a-3p (miR-27a-3p) causes an increase in activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), a novel osteogenic transcription factor, in vascular smooth muscle cells. Both microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA microarrays were performed with rat vascular smooth muscle cells, and reciprocally regulated pairs of miRNA and mRNA were selected after bioinformatics analysis. Inorganic phosphate significantly reduced the expression of miR-27a-3p in A10 cells. The transcript level was also reduced in vitamin D3-administered mouse aortas. miR-27a-3p mimic reduced calcium deposition, whereas miR-27a-3p inhibitor increased it. The Atf3 mRNA level was upregulated in a cellular vascular calcification model, and miR-27a-3p reduced the Atf3 mRNA and protein levels. Transfection with Atf3 could recover the miR-27a-3p-induced reduction of calcium deposition. Our results suggest that reduction of miR-27a-3p may contribute to the development of vascular calcification by de-repression of ATF3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakwon Choe
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk-Hwa Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Ryu
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Sera Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jung Cho
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Hosouk Joung
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Hyeon Eom
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkeun Ahn
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jin Park
- College of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Il Nam
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kook
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
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12
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Chen WJ, Lai YJ, Lee JL, Wu ST, Hsu YJ. CREB/ATF3 signaling mediates indoxyl sulfate-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointimal formation in uremia. Atherosclerosis 2020; 315:43-54. [PMID: 33227547 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Uremic patients are characterized by an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation contributes to neointimal formation, a main pathological feature in atherosclerosis. Activation of CREB/ATF3 signaling is pivotal in VSMC proliferation, yet its role in uremic atherosclerosis is unknown. This study aimed to explore whether CREB/ATF3 signaling is involved in the molecular mechanism underlying neointimal formation in uremia. METHODS AND RESULTS Treatment of VSMCs with uremic toxin (indoxyl sulfate [IS]) activated cAMP/CREB/ATF3/cyclin D signaling, which was reflected by increased VSMC proliferation. Blocking cAMP/PKA/CREB/ATF3 signaling attenuated the promoting effect of IS on cyclin D1 expression and VSMC proliferation. Loss-of-function and time-dependent experiments showed that ATF3 lies downstream of the CREB signaling. Mutational analysis of cyclin D1 promoter along with chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that CREB/ATF3 signaling participated in IS-induced cyclin D transcription. In vivo, phosphorylated CREB (an active form of CREB) and ATF3 were prominently upregulated in the neointima of experimental uremic rats, the atherosclerotic plaques of uremic ApoE-/- mice, and the iliac arteries of uremic patients. Notably, the use of lentivirus to knock down ATF3 in the neointima of balloon-injured arteries could suppress the effect of uremia in vivo, including neointimal formation and cyclin D expression. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we demonstrated that CREB/ATF3-related signaling may be involved in IS-induced VSMC proliferation and the pathogenesis of neointimal formation during uremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jan Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ju Lai
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Lin Lee
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Tang Wu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Juei Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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13
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Yin HM, Yan LF, Liu Q, Peng Z, Zhang CY, Xia Y, Su D, Gu AH, Zhou Y. Activating transcription factor 3 coordinates differentiation of cardiac and hematopoietic progenitors by regulating glucose metabolism. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay9466. [PMID: 32494702 PMCID: PMC7202888 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay9466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The cardiac and hematopoietic progenitors (CPs and HPs, respectively) in the mesoderm ultimately form a well-organized circulation system, but mechanisms that reconcile their development remain elusive. We found that activating transcription factor 3 (atf3) was highly expressed in the CPs, HPs, and mesoderm, in zebrafish. The atf3 -/- mutants exhibited atrial dilated cardiomyopathy and a high ratio of immature myeloid cells. These manifestations were primarily caused by the blockade of differentiation of both CPs and HPs within the anterior lateral plate mesoderm. Mechanistically, Atf3 targets cebpγ to repress slc2a1a-mediated glucose utilization. The high rate of glucose metabolism in atf3 -/- mutants inhibited the differentiation of progenitors by changing the redox state. Therefore, atf3 could provide CPs and HPs with metabolic adaptive capacity to changes in glucose levels. Our study provides new insights into the role of atf3 in the coordination of differentiation of CPs and HPs by regulating glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Li-Feng Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zheng Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chi-Yuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dan Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ai-Hua Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Corresponding author. (A.-H.G.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yong Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- Corresponding author. (A.-H.G.); (Y.Z.)
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14
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Scholz B, Schulte JS, Hamer S, Himmler K, Pluteanu F, Seidl MD, Stein J, Wardelmann E, Hammer E, Völker U, Müller FU. HDAC (Histone Deacetylase) Inhibitor Valproic Acid Attenuates Atrial Remodeling and Delays the Onset of Atrial Fibrillation in Mice. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2019; 12:e007071. [PMID: 30879335 PMCID: PMC6426346 DOI: 10.1161/circep.118.007071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: A structural, electrical and metabolic atrial remodeling is central in the development of atrial fibrillation (AF) contributing to its initiation and perpetuation. In the heart, HDACs (histone deacetylases) control remodeling associated processes like hypertrophy, fibrosis, and energy metabolism. Here, we analyzed, whether the HDAC class I/IIa inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) is able to attenuate atrial remodeling in CREM-IbΔC-X (cAMP responsive element modulator isoform IbΔC-X) transgenic mice, a mouse model of extensive atrial remodeling with age-dependent progression from spontaneous atrial ectopy to paroxysmal and finally long-lasting AF. Methods: VPA was administered for 7 or 25 weeks to transgenic and control mice. Atria were analyzed macroscopically and using widefield and electron microscopy. Action potentials were recorded from atrial cardiomyocytes using patch-clamp technique. ECG recordings documented the onset of AF. A proteome analysis with consecutive pathway mapping identified VPA-mediated proteomic changes and related pathways. Results: VPA attenuated many components of atrial remodeling that are present in transgenic mice, animal AF models, and human AF. VPA significantly (P<0.05) reduced atrial dilatation, cardiomyocyte enlargement, atrial fibrosis, and the disorganization of myocyte’s ultrastructure. It significantly reduced the occurrence of atrial thrombi, reversed action potential alterations, and finally delayed the onset of AF by 4 to 8 weeks. Increased histone H4-acetylation in atria from VPA-treated transgenic mice verified effective in vivo HDAC inhibition. Cardiomyocyte-specific genetic inactivation of HDAC2 in transgenic mice attenuated the ultrastructural disorganization of myocytes comparable to VPA. Finally, VPA restrained dysregulation of proteins in transgenic mice that are involved in a multitude of AF relevant pathways like oxidative phosphorylation or RhoA (Ras homolog gene family, member A) signaling and disease functions like cardiac fibrosis and apoptosis of muscle cells. Conclusions: Our results suggest that VPA, clinically available, well-tolerated, and prescribed to many patients for years, has the therapeutic potential to delay the development of atrial remodeling and the onset of AF in patients at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrix Scholz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Münster, Germany (B.S., J.S.S., S.H., K.H., F.P., M.D.S., J.S., F.U.M.)
| | - Jan Sebastian Schulte
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Münster, Germany (B.S., J.S.S., S.H., K.H., F.P., M.D.S., J.S., F.U.M.)
| | - Sabine Hamer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Münster, Germany (B.S., J.S.S., S.H., K.H., F.P., M.D.S., J.S., F.U.M.)
| | - Kirsten Himmler
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Münster, Germany (B.S., J.S.S., S.H., K.H., F.P., M.D.S., J.S., F.U.M.)
| | - Florentina Pluteanu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Münster, Germany (B.S., J.S.S., S.H., K.H., F.P., M.D.S., J.S., F.U.M.)
| | - Matthias Dodo Seidl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Münster, Germany (B.S., J.S.S., S.H., K.H., F.P., M.D.S., J.S., F.U.M.)
| | - Juliane Stein
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Münster, Germany (B.S., J.S.S., S.H., K.H., F.P., M.D.S., J.S., F.U.M.)
| | - Eva Wardelmann
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Germany (E.W.)
| | - Elke Hammer
- Interfaculty Institute of Genetics und Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany (E.H., U.V.).,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Germany (E.H., U.V.)
| | - Uwe Völker
- Interfaculty Institute of Genetics und Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany (E.H., U.V.).,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Germany (E.H., U.V.)
| | - Frank Ulrich Müller
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Münster, Germany (B.S., J.S.S., S.H., K.H., F.P., M.D.S., J.S., F.U.M.)
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15
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Kalfon R, Friedman T, Eliachar S, Shofti R, Haas T, Koren L, Moskovitz JD, Hai T, Aronheim A. JDP2 and ATF3 deficiencies dampen maladaptive cardiac remodeling and preserve cardiac function. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213081. [PMID: 30818334 PMCID: PMC6394944 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Jun dimerization protein (JDP2) and Activating Transcription Factor 3 (ATF3) are closely related basic leucine zipper proteins. Transgenic mice with cardiac expression of either JDP2 or ATF3 showed maladaptive remodeling and cardiac dysfunction. Surprisingly, JDP2 knockout (KO) did not protect the heart following transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Instead, the JDP2 KO mice performed worse than their wild type (WT) counterparts. To test whether the maladaptive cardiac remodeling observed in the JDP2 KO mice is due to ATF3, ATF3 was removed in the context of JDP2 deficiency, referred as double KO mice (dKO). Mice were challenged by TAC, and followed by detailed physiological, pathological and molecular analyses. dKO mice displayed no apparent differences from WT mice under unstressed condition, except a moderate better performance in dKO male mice. Importantly, following TAC the dKO hearts showed low fibrosis levels, reduced inflammatory and hypertrophic gene expression and a significantly preserved cardiac function as compared with their WT counterparts in both genders. Consistent with these data, removing ATF3 resumed p38 activation in the JDP2 KO mice which correlates with the beneficial cardiac function. Collectively, mice with JDP2 and ATF3 double deficiency had reduced maladaptive cardiac remodeling and lower hypertrophy following TAC. As such, the worsening of the cardiac outcome found in the JDP2 KO mice is due to the elevated ATF3 expression. Simultaneous suppression of both ATF3 and JDP2 activity is highly beneficial for cardiac function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Kalfon
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, The B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tom Friedman
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, The B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Cardiac Surgery Department, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shir Eliachar
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, The B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rona Shofti
- The Pre-Clinical Research Authority Unit, The Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tali Haas
- The Pre-Clinical Research Authority Unit, The Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lilach Koren
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, The B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jacob D. Moskovitz
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, The B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tsonwin Hai
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio United States of America
| | - Ami Aronheim
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, The B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- * E-mail:
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Davis
- From Departments of Pathology and Bioengineering, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle.
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17
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Ma ZG, Yuan YP, Wu HM, Zhang X, Tang QZ. Cardiac fibrosis: new insights into the pathogenesis. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:1645-1657. [PMID: 30416379 PMCID: PMC6216032 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.28103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is defined as the imbalance of extracellular matrix (ECM) production and degradation, thus contributing to cardiac dysfunction in many cardiac pathophysiologic conditions. This review discusses specific markers and origin of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs), and the underlying mechanism involved in the development of cardiac fibrosis. Currently, there are no CFs-specific molecular markers. Most studies use co-labelling with panels of antibodies that can recognize CFs. Origin of fibroblasts is heterogeneous. After fibrotic stimuli, the levels of myocardial pro-fibrotic growth factors and cytokines are increased. These pro-fibrotic growth factors and cytokines bind to its receptors and then trigger the activation of signaling pathway and transcriptional factors via Smad-dependent or Smad independent-manners. These fibrosis-related transcriptional factors regulate gene expression that are involved in the fibrosis to amplify the fibrotic response. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for initiation, progression, and amplification of cardiac fibrosis are of great clinical significance to find drugs that can prevent the progression of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Guo Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, RP China
| | - Yu-Pei Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, RP China
| | - Hai-Ming Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, RP China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, RP China
| | - Qi-Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, RP China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, RP China
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18
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Activating transcription factor 3 in cardiovascular diseases: a potential therapeutic target. Basic Res Cardiol 2018; 113:37. [PMID: 30094473 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-018-0698-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the primary causes of death worldwide. Among the numerous signaling molecules involved in CVDs, transcriptional factors directly influence gene expression and play a critical role in regulating cell function and the development of diseases. Activating transcription factor (ATF) 3 is an adaptive-response gene in the ATF/cAMP responsive element-binding (CREB) protein family of transcription factors that acts as either a repressor or an activator of transcription via the formation of homodimers or heterodimers with other ATF/CREB members. A appropriate ATF3 expression is important for the normal physiology of cells, and dysfunction of ATF3 is associated with various pathophysiological responses such as inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and diseases, including CVDs. This review focuses on the role of ATF3 in cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, atherosclerosis, ischemic heart diseases, hypertension and diabetes mellitus to provide a novel therapeutic target for CVDs.
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19
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Stümpel FT, Stein J, Himmler K, Scholz B, Seidl MD, Skryabin BV, Müller FU. Homozygous CREM-IbΔC-X Overexpressing Mice Are a Reliable and Effective Disease Model for Atrial Fibrillation. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:706. [PMID: 30026696 PMCID: PMC6041408 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality with foreseeably increasing prevalence. While large animal models of the disease are well established but resource intensive, transgenic AF mouse models are not yet widely used to develop or validate novel therapeutics for AF. Hemizygous mice with a cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of the human cAMP response element modulator (CREM) isoform IbΔC-X spontaneously develop AF on grounds of an arrhythmogenic substrate consisting of alterations in structure, conduction, and calcium handling. Objective: We investigated if homozygous expression of the CREM-IbΔC-X transgene in mice alters the time course of AF development, and if homozygous CREM-IbΔC-X transgenics could be suitable as a disease model of AF. Methods: Southern Blot, quantitative real-time PCR, and immunoblotting were used to identify and verify homozygous transgenics. Cardiac gravimetry, quantitative real-time RT-PCR, histology, survival analysis, and repeated ECG recordings allowed assessment of phenotypic development and effects of antiarrhythmic drugs. Results: Homozygous animals could be identified by Southern blot and quantitative PCR, showing a strong trend to increased transgenic protein expression. In homozygous animals, atrial hypertrophy appeared earlier and more pronounced than in hemizygous animals, going along with an earlier onset of spontaneous AF, while no increased early mortality was observed. Application of a rate-controlling drug (esmolol) led to the expected result of a decreased heart rate. Application of a rhythm-controlling drug (flecainide) showed effects on heart rate variability, but did not lead to a definitive conversion to sinus rhythm. Conclusion: We suggest homozygous CREM-IbΔC-X overexpressing mice as a reliable model of early onset, rapidly progressive AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank T Stümpel
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Juliane Stein
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kirsten Himmler
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Beatrix Scholz
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias D Seidl
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Boris V Skryabin
- Core Facility TRAnsgenic Animal and Genetic Engineering Models (TRAM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Frank U Müller
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
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20
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Heinrich R, Hertz R, Zemel E, Mann I, Brenner L, Massarweh A, Berlin S, Perlman I. ATF3 Regulates the Expression of AChE During Stress. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:88. [PMID: 29681794 PMCID: PMC5897425 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) expresses in non-cholinergic cells, but its role(s) there remain unknown. We have previously attributed a pro-apoptotic role for AChE in stressed retinal photoreceptors, though by unknown mechanism. Here, we examined its promoter only to find that it includes a binding sequence for the activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3); a prototypical mediator of apoptosis. This suggests that expression of AChE could be regulated by ATF3 in the retina. Indeed, ATF3 binds the AChE-promoter to down-regulate its expressions in vitro. Strikingly, retinas of “blinded” mice display hallmarks of apoptosis, almost exclusively in the outer nuclear layer (ONL); coinciding with elevated levels of AChE and absence of ATF3. A mirror image is observed in the inner nuclear layer (INL), namely prominent levels of ATF3 and lack of AChE as well as lack of apoptosis. We conclude that segregated patterns of expressions of ATF3 reflect its ability to repress apoptosis in different layers of the retina—a novel mechanism behind apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Heinrich
- Department of Neuroscience, Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology and The Rappaport Institute, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rivka Hertz
- Department of Neuroscience, Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology and The Rappaport Institute, Haifa, Israel
| | - Esther Zemel
- Department of Neuroscience, Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology and The Rappaport Institute, Haifa, Israel
| | - Irit Mann
- Department of Neuroscience, Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology and The Rappaport Institute, Haifa, Israel
| | - Liat Brenner
- Department of Neuroscience, Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology and The Rappaport Institute, Haifa, Israel
| | - Amir Massarweh
- Department of Neuroscience, Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology and The Rappaport Institute, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shai Berlin
- Department of Neuroscience, Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology and The Rappaport Institute, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ido Perlman
- Department of Neuroscience, Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology and The Rappaport Institute, Haifa, Israel
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21
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Lin H, Cheng CF. Activating transcription factor 3, an early cellular adaptive responder in ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury. Tzu Chi Med J 2018; 30:61-65. [PMID: 29875584 PMCID: PMC5968744 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_37_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have reported that ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) may act in the immune system where an exaggerated inflammatory response is initiated. With the activation of the immune system, damage-associated molecular patterns migrate and adhere to the I/R region, consequently inducing multiorgan injury. Emerging data indicate that upon I/R, stress-inducible proteins, including activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), play essential roles in signaling during antiapoptotic, antimigration, and anti-inflammatory processes. Accumulating data suggest that ATF3 may be a potential target in I/R- or inflammation-induced organ dysfunction. This minireview focuses on the emerging evidence of the roles of ATF3 in multiple organs including the kidney, myocardium, and brain following I/R injury. In addition, this review addresses the role of ATF3 in chronic inflammation-induced pathophysiologies such as diabetes and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Feng Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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c-Jun dimerization protein 2 (JDP2) deficiency promotes cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction in response to pressure overload. Int J Cardiol 2017; 249:357-363. [PMID: 28893429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.08.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Mechanisms contributing to cardiac remodelling. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:2319-2345. [PMID: 28842527 DOI: 10.1042/cs20171167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac remodelling is classified as physiological (in response to growth, exercise and pregnancy) or pathological (in response to inflammation, ischaemia, ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, biomechanical stress, excess neurohormonal activation and excess afterload). Physiological remodelling of the heart is characterized by a fine-tuned and orchestrated process of beneficial adaptations. Pathological cardiac remodelling is the process of structural and functional changes in the left ventricle (LV) in response to internal or external cardiovascular damage or influence by pathogenic risk factors, and is a precursor of clinical heart failure (HF). Pathological remodelling is associated with fibrosis, inflammation and cellular dysfunction (e.g. abnormal cardiomyocyte/non-cardiomyocyte interactions, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, autophagy alterations, impairment of metabolism and signalling pathways), leading to HF. This review describes the key molecular and cellular responses involved in pathological cardiac remodelling.
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Sharma V, Dogra N, Saikia UN, Khullar M. Transcriptional regulation of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cardiac fibrosis: role of myocardin-related transcription factor A and activating transcription factor 3. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:1263-1270. [PMID: 28686848 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of cardiac fibrogenesis is quite diverse, but a common feature is the presence of activated fibroblasts. Experimental evidence suggests that a subset of cardiac fibroblasts is derived via transition of vascular endothelial cells into fibroblasts by endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). During EndMT, endothelial cells lose their endothelial characteristics and acquire a mesenchymal phenotype. Molecular mechanisms and the transcriptional mediators controlling EndMT in heart during development or disease remain relatively undefined. Myocardin-related transcription factor A facilitates the transcription of cytoskeletal genes by serum response factor during fibrosis; therefore, its specific role in cardiac EndMT might be of importance. Activation of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF-3) during cardiac EndMT is speculative, since ATF-3 responds to a transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) stimulus and controls the expression of the primary epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers Snail, Slug, and Twist. Although the role of TGF-β in EndMT-mediated cardiac fibrosis has been established, targeting of the TGF-β ligand has not proven to be a viable anti-fibrotic strategy owing to the broad functional importance of this ligand. Thus, targeting of downstream transcriptional mediators may be a useful therapeutic approach in attenuating cardiac fibrosis. Here, we discuss some of the transcription factors that may regulate EndMT-mediated cardiac fibrosis and their involvement in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibhuti Sharma
- a Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160 012, India
| | - Nilambra Dogra
- b Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160 012, India
| | - Uma Nahar Saikia
- a Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160 012, India
| | - Madhu Khullar
- b Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160 012, India
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Ghigo A, Frati G, Sciarretta S. A novel protective role for activating transcription factor 3 in the cardiac response to metabolic stress. Cardiovasc Res 2017; 113:113-114. [PMID: 28082449 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Ghigo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, Latina (LT) 04100, Italy.,Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Località Camerelle, Pozzilli (IS) 86077, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, Latina (LT) 04100, Italy; .,Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Località Camerelle, Pozzilli (IS) 86077, Italy
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Kalfon R, Koren L, Aviram S, Schwartz O, Hai T, Aronheim A. ATF3 expression in cardiomyocytes preserves homeostasis in the heart and controls peripheral glucose tolerance. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 113:134-146. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Relevance of mouse models of cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy in cardiac research. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 424:123-145. [PMID: 27766529 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2849-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Heart disease causing cardiac cell death due to ischemia-reperfusion injury is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Coronary heart disease and cardiomyopathies are the major cause for congestive heart failure, and thrombosis of the coronary arteries is the most common cause of myocardial infarction. Cardiac injury is followed by post-injury cardiac remodeling or fibrosis. Cardiac fibrosis is characterized by net accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins in the cardiac interstitium and results in both systolic and diastolic dysfunctions. It has been suggested by both experimental and clinical evidence that fibrotic changes in the heart are reversible. Hence, it is vital to understand the mechanism involved in the initiation, progression, and resolution of cardiac fibrosis to design anti-fibrotic treatment modalities. Animal models are of great importance for cardiovascular research studies. With the developing research field, the choice of selecting an animal model for the proposed research study is crucial for its outcome and translational purpose. Compared to large animal models for cardiac research, the mouse model is preferred by many investigators because of genetic manipulations and easier handling. This critical review is focused to provide insight to young researchers about the various mouse models, advantages and disadvantages, and their use in research pertaining to cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy.
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Zhou H, Yuan Y, Ni J, Guo H, Deng W, Bian ZY, Tang QZ. Pleiotropic and puzzling effects of ATF3 in maladaptive cardiac remodeling. Int J Cardiol 2016; 206:87-8. [PMID: 26780683 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.01.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Jian Ni
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Haipeng Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Zhou-Yan Bian
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Qi-Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.
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Ma ZG, Wei WY, Xu SC, Zhang WB, Dai J, Tang QZ. ATF3: A potential target for cardiac maladaptive remodeling. Int J Cardiol 2016; 202:50-1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.08.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Brooks AC, DeMartino AM, Brainard RE, Brittian KR, Bhatnagar A, Jones SP. Induction of activating transcription factor 3 limits survival following infarct-induced heart failure in mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H1326-35. [PMID: 26342068 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00513.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Numerous fibrotic and inflammatory changes occur in the failing heart. Recent evidence indicates that certain transcription factors, such as activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), are activated during heart failure. Because ATF3 may be upregulated in the failing heart and affect inflammation, we focused on the potential role of ATF3 on postinfarct heart failure. We subjected anesthetized, wild-type mice to nonreperfused myocardial infarction and observed a significant induction in ATF3 expression and nuclear translocation. To test whether the induction of ATF3 affected the severity of heart failure, we subjected wild-type and ATF3-null mice to nonreperfused infarct-induced heart failure. There were no differences in cardiac function between the two genotypes, except at the 2-wk time point; however, ATF3-null mice survived the heart failure protocol at a significantly higher rate than the wild-type mice. Similar to the slight favorable improvements in chamber dimensions at 2 wk, we also observed greater cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and more fibrosis in the noninfarcted regions of the ATF3-null hearts compared with the wild-type. Nevertheless, there were no significant group differences at 4 wk. Furthermore, we found no significant differences in markers of inflammation between the wild-type and ATF3-null hearts. Our data suggest that ATF3 suppresses fibrosis early but not late during infarct-induced heart failure. Although ATF3 deficiency was associated with more fibrosis, this did not occur at the expense of survival, which was higher in the ATF3-null mice. Overall, ATF3 may serve a largely maladaptive role during heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan C Brooks
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology and Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine - Cardiovascular Division, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Angelica M DeMartino
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology and Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine - Cardiovascular Division, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Robert E Brainard
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology and Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine - Cardiovascular Division, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Kenneth R Brittian
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology and Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine - Cardiovascular Division, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology and Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine - Cardiovascular Division, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Steven P Jones
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology and Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine - Cardiovascular Division, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
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Koren L, Alishekevitz D, Elhanani O, Nevelsky A, Hai T, Kehat I, Shaked Y, Aronheim A. ATF3-dependent cross-talk between cardiomyocytes and macrophages promotes cardiac maladaptive remodeling. Int J Cardiol 2015. [PMID: 26201690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.06.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Pressure overload induces adaptive remodeling processes in the heart. However, when pressure overload persists, adaptive changes turn into maladaptive alterations leading to cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. ATF3 is a stress inducible transcription factor that is transiently expressed following neuroendocrine stimulation. However, its role in chronic pressure overload dependent cardiac hypertrophy is currently unknown. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to study the role of ATF3 in chronic pressure overload dependent cardiac remodeling processes. METHODS AND RESULTS Pressure overload was induced by phenylephrine (PE) mini-osmotic pumps in various mice models of whole body, cardiac specific, bone marrow (BM) specific and macrophage specific ATF3 ablations. We show that ATF3-KO mice exhibit a significantly reduced expression of cardiac remodeling markers following chronic pressure overload. Consistently, the lack of ATF3 specifically in either cardiomyocytes or BM derived cells blunts the hypertrophic response to PE infusion. A unique cross-talk between cardiomyocytes and macrophages was identified. Cardiomyocytes induce an ATF3 dependent induction of an inflammatory response leading to macrophage recruitment to the heart. Adoptive transfer of wild type macrophages, but not ATF3-KO derived macrophages, into wild type mice potentiates maladaptive response to PE infusion. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, this study places ATF3 as a key regulator in promoting pressure overload induced cardiac hypertrophy through a cross-talk between cardiomyocytes and macrophages. Inhibiting this cross-talk may serve as a useful approach to blunt maladaptive remodeling processes in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Koren
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - D Alishekevitz
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, The B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - O Elhanani
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - A Nevelsky
- Radiotherapy Department, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - T Hai
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio USA
| | - I Kehat
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, The B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Y Shaked
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, The B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - A Aronheim
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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Rabinovich RA, Drost E, Manning JR, Dunbar DR, Díaz-Ramos M, Lakhdar R, Bastos R, MacNee W. Genome-wide mRNA expression profiling in vastus lateralis of COPD patients with low and normal fat free mass index and healthy controls. Respir Res 2015; 16:1. [PMID: 25567521 PMCID: PMC4333166 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-014-0139-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) has significant systemic effects beyond the lungs amongst which muscle wasting is a prominent contributor to exercise limitation and an independent predictor of morbidity and mortality. The molecular mechanisms leading to skeletal muscle dysfunction/wasting are not fully understood and are likely to be multi-factorial. The need to develop therapeutic strategies aimed at improving skeletal muscle dysfunction/wasting requires a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for these abnormalities. Microarrays are powerful tools that allow the investigation of the expression of thousands of genes, virtually the whole genome, simultaneously. We aim at identifying genes and molecular pathways involved in skeletal muscle wasting in COPD. METHODS We assessed and compared the vastus lateralis transcriptome of COPD patients with low fat free mass index (FFMI) as a surrogate of muscle mass (COPDL) (FEV1 30 ± 3.6%pred, FFMI 15 ± 0.2 Kg.m(-2)) with patients with COPD and normal FFMI (COPDN) (FEV1 44 ± 5.8%pred, FFMI 19 ± 0.5 Kg.m(-2)) and a group of age and sex matched healthy controls (C) (FEV1 95 ± 3.9%pred, FFMI 20 ± 0.8 Kg.m(-2)) using Agilent Human Whole Genome 4x44K microarrays. The altered expression of several of these genes was confirmed by real time TaqMan PCR. Protein levels of P21 were assessed by immunoblotting. RESULTS A subset of 42 genes was differentially expressed in COPDL in comparison to both COPDN and C (PFP < 0.05; -1.5 ≥ FC ≥ 1.5). The altered expression of several of these genes was confirmed by real time TaqMan PCR and correlated with different functional and structural muscle parameters. Five of these genes (CDKN1A, GADD45A, PMP22, BEX2, CGREF1, CYR61), were associated with cell cycle arrest and growth regulation and had been previously identified in studies relating muscle wasting and ageing. Protein levels of CDKN1A, a recognized marker of premature ageing/cell cycle arrest, were also found to be increased in COPDL. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence of differentially expressed genes in peripheral muscle in COPD patients corresponding to relevant biological processes associated with skeletal muscle wasting and provides potential targets for future therapeutic interventions to prevent loss of muscle function and mass in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto A Rabinovich
- ELEGI Colt Laboratory, Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - Ellen Drost
- ELEGI Colt Laboratory, Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - Jonathan R Manning
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
| | - Donald R Dunbar
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
| | - MaCarmen Díaz-Ramos
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ramzi Lakhdar
- ELEGI Colt Laboratory, Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - Ricardo Bastos
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
- Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - William MacNee
- ELEGI Colt Laboratory, Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH16 4TJ, UK.
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Kuster DW, Merkus D, Blonden LA, Kremer A, van IJcken WF, Verhoeven AJ, Duncker DJ. Gene reprogramming in exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy in swine: A transcriptional genomics approach. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 77:168-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Andreeva K, Zhang M, Fan W, Li X, Chen Y, Rebolledo-Mendez JD, Cooper NG. Time-dependent Gene Profiling Indicates the Presence of Different Phases for Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Retina. OPHTHALMOLOGY AND EYE DISEASES 2014; 6:43-54. [PMID: 25210480 PMCID: PMC4149383 DOI: 10.4137/oed.s17671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury has been associated with several retinal pathologies, and a few genes/gene products have been linked to IR injury. However, the big picture of temporal changes, regarding the affected gene networks, pathways, and processes remains to be determined. The purpose of the present study was to investigate initial, intermediate, and later stages to characterize the etiology of IR injury in terms of the pathways affected over time. Analyses indicated that at the initial stage, 0-hour reperfusion following the ischemic period, the ischemia-associated genes were related to changes in metabolism. In contrast, at the 24-hour time point, the signature events in reperfusion injury include enhanced inflammatory and immune responses as well as cell death indicating that this would be a critical period for the development of any interventional therapeutic strategies. Genes in the signal transduction pathways, particularly transmitter receptors, are downregulated at this time. Activation of the complement system pathway clearly plays an important role in the later stages of reperfusion injury. Together, these results demonstrate that the etiology of injury related to IR is characterized by the appearance of specific patterns of gene expression at any given time point during retinal IR injury. These results indicate that evaluation of treatment strategies with respect to time is very critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalina Andreeva
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Meixia Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yinlu Chen
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jovan D Rebolledo-Mendez
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Nigel G Cooper
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
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Koivisto E, Jurado Acosta A, Moilanen AM, Tokola H, Aro J, Pennanen H, Säkkinen H, Kaikkonen L, Ruskoaho H, Rysä J. Characterization of the regulatory mechanisms of activating transcription factor 3 by hypertrophic stimuli in rat cardiomyocytes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105168. [PMID: 25136830 PMCID: PMC4138181 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is a stress-activated immediate early gene suggested to have both detrimental and cardioprotective role in the heart. Here we studied the mechanisms of ATF3 activation by hypertrophic stimuli and ATF3 downstream targets in rat cardiomyocytes. Methods and Results When neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were exposed to endothelin-1 (ET-1, 100 nM) and mechanical stretching in vitro, maximal increase in ATF3 expression occurred at 1 hour. Inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) by PD98059 decreased ET-1– and stretch–induced increase of ATF3 protein but not ATF3 mRNA levels, whereas protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H89 attenuated both ATF3 mRNA transcription and protein expression in response to ET-1 and stretch. To characterize further the regulatory mechanisms upstream of ATF3, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling was investigated using a gain-of-function approach. Adenoviral overexpression of p38α, but not p38β, increased ATF3 mRNA and protein levels as well as DNA binding activity. To investigate the role of ATF3 in hypertrophic process, we overexpressed ATF3 by adenovirus-mediated gene transfer. In vitro, ATF3 gene delivery attenuated the mRNA transcription of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and enhanced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and Nkx-2.5 DNA binding activities. Reduced PAI-1 expression was also detected in vivo in adult rat heart by direct intramyocardial adenovirus-mediated ATF3 gene delivery. Conclusions These data demonstrate that ATF3 activation by ET-1 and mechanical stretch is partly mediated through ERK and cAMP-PKA pathways, whereas p38 MAPK pathway is involved in ATF3 activation exclusively through p38α isoform. ATF3 activation caused induction of modulators of the inflammatory response NF-κB and Nkx-2.5, as well as attenuation of pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory proteins IL-6 and PAI-1, suggesting cardioprotective role for ATF3 in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Koivisto
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Alicia Jurado Acosta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anne-Mari Moilanen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Diagnostics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heikki Tokola
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Diagnostics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jani Aro
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Harri Pennanen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hanna Säkkinen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Leena Kaikkonen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heikki Ruskoaho
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Jaana Rysä
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Age-related brain expression and regulation of the chemokine CCL4/MIP-1β in APP/PS1 double-transgenic mice. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2014; 73:362-74. [PMID: 24607962 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0000000000000060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The detrimental effect of activation of the chemokine CCL4/MIP-1β on neuronal integrity in patients with HIV-associated dementia has directed attention to the potential role of CCL4 expression and regulation in Alzheimer disease. Here, we show that CCL4 mRNA and protein are overexpressed in the brains of APPswe/PS1ΔE9 (APP/PS1) double-transgenic mice, a model of cerebral amyloid deposition; expression was minimal in brains from nontransgenic littermates or single-mutant controls. Increased levels of CCL4 mRNA and protein directly correlated with the age-related progression of cerebral amyloid-β (Aβ) levels in APP/PS1 mice. We also found significantly increased expression of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), which was positively correlated with age-related Aβ deposition and CCL4 in the brains of APP/PS1 mice. Results from chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative polymerase chain reaction confirmed that ATF3 binds to the promoter region of the CCL4 gene, consistent with a potential role in regulating CCL4 transcription. Finally, elevated ATF3 mRNA expression in APP/PS1 brains was associated with hypomethylation of the ATF3 gene promoter region. These observations prompt the testable hypothesis for future study that CCL4 overexpression, regulated in part by hypomethylation of the ATF3 gene, may contribute to neuropathologic progression associated with amyloid deposition in Alzheimer disease.
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Tindall MJ, Clerk A. Modelling negative feedback networks for activating transcription factor 3 predicts a dominant role for miRNAs in immediate early gene regulation. PLoS Comput Biol 2014; 10:e1003597. [PMID: 24811474 PMCID: PMC4014390 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 3 (Atf3) is rapidly and transiently upregulated in numerous systems, and is associated with various disease states. Atf3 is required for negative feedback regulation of other genes, but is itself subject to negative feedback regulation possibly by autorepression. In cardiomyocytes, Atf3 and Egr1 mRNAs are upregulated via ERK1/2 signalling and Atf3 suppresses Egr1 expression. We previously developed a mathematical model for the Atf3-Egr1 system. Here, we adjusted and extended the model to explore mechanisms of Atf3 feedback regulation. Introduction of an autorepressive loop for Atf3 tuned down its expression and inhibition of Egr1 was lost, demonstrating that negative feedback regulation of Atf3 by Atf3 itself is implausible in this context. Experimentally, signals downstream from ERK1/2 suppress Atf3 expression. Mathematical modelling indicated that this cannot occur by phosphorylation of pre-existing inhibitory transcriptional regulators because the time delay is too short. De novo synthesis of an inhibitory transcription factor (ITF) with a high affinity for the Atf3 promoter could suppress Atf3 expression, but (as with the Atf3 autorepression loop) inhibition of Egr1 was lost. Developing the model to include newly-synthesised miRNAs very efficiently terminated Atf3 protein expression and, with a 4-fold increase in the rate of degradation of mRNA from the mRNA/miRNA complex, profiles for Atf3 mRNA, Atf3 protein and Egr1 mRNA approximated to the experimental data. Combining the ITF model with that of the miRNA did not improve the profiles suggesting that miRNAs are likely to play a dominant role in switching off Atf3 expression post-induction. Activating transcription factor 3 (Atf3) is an important regulatory transcription factor which is associated with inflammation, restraint of the immune response and cancer. In this work, we develop a series of mathematical models to understand how Atf3 may be regulated. Informed with data from the literature and our own experiments, we show that self-regulation of Atf3 does not allow for variation between experimentally observed Atf3 mRNA and Atf3 protein expression profiles. A fast-acting signal via phosphorylated RSK is also shown to be implausible for similar reasons. Extending our mathematical model further, we postulate for the first time, that the observed dynamical variation in Atf3 mRNA and protein can be described by microRNAs downstream of RSKs. The further inclusion of an inhibitory transcription factor for Atf3 expression has little effect on these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J. Tindall
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (MJT); (AC)
| | - Angela Clerk
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (MJT); (AC)
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Zhou H, Guo H, Zong J, Dai J, Yuan Y, Bian ZY, Tang QZ. ATF3 regulates multiple targets and may play a dual role in cardiac hypertrophy and injury. Int J Cardiol 2014; 174:838-9. [PMID: 24794959 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.04.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Haipeng Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jing Zong
- Department of Cardiology, The affiliated hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Jia Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Zhou-Yan Bian
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Qi-Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.
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Lin H, Li HF, Chen HH, Lai PF, Juan SH, Chen JJ, Cheng CF. Activating Transcription Factor 3 Protects against Pressure-Overload Heart Failure via the Autophagy Molecule Beclin-1 Pathway. Mol Pharmacol 2014; 85:682-91. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.113.090092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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40
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ElZarrad MK, Mukhopadhyay P, Mohan N, Hao E, Dokmanovic M, Hirsch DS, Shen Y, Pacher P, Wu WJ. Trastuzumab alters the expression of genes essential for cardiac function and induces ultrastructural changes of cardiomyocytes in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79543. [PMID: 24255707 PMCID: PMC3821852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment with trastuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the extracellular domain of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2), very successfully improves outcomes for women with HER2-positive breast cancer. However, trastuzumab treatment was recently linked to potentially irreversible serious cardiotoxicity, the mechanisms of which are largely elusive. This study reports that trastuzumab significantly alters the expression of myocardial genes essential for DNA repair, cardiac and mitochondrial functions, which is associated with impaired left ventricular performance in mice coupled with significant ultrastructural alterations in cardiomyocytes revealed by electron microscopy. Furthermore, trastuzumab treatment also promotes oxidative stress and apoptosis in myocardium of mice, and elevates serum levels of cardiac troponin-I (cTnI) and cardiac myosin light chain-1 (cMLC1). The elevated serum levels of cMLC1 in mice treated with trastuzumab highlights the potential that cMLC1 could be a useful biomarker for trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Khair ElZarrad
- Division of Monoclonal Antibodies, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Interagency Oncology Task Force (IOTF) Fellowship: Program 4 - Cancer Prevention Fellow, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Partha Mukhopadhyay
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nishant Mohan
- Division of Monoclonal Antibodies, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Enkui Hao
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Milos Dokmanovic
- Division of Monoclonal Antibodies, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dianne S. Hirsch
- Division of Monoclonal Antibodies, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yi Shen
- Division of Monoclonal Antibodies, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Pal Pacher
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wen Jin Wu
- Division of Monoclonal Antibodies, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Koren L, Elhanani O, Kehat I, Hai T, Aronheim A. Adult cardiac expression of the activating transcription factor 3, ATF3, promotes ventricular hypertrophy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68396. [PMID: 23874609 PMCID: PMC3707568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is an adaptive response to various mechanophysical and
pathophysiological stresses. However, when chronic stress is sustained, the
beneficial response turns into a maladaptive process that eventually leads to
heart failure. Although major advances in the treatment of patients have reduced
mortality, there is a dire need for novel treatments for cardiac hypertrophy.
Accordingly, considerable efforts are being directed towards developing mice
models and understanding the processes that lead to cardiac hypertrophy. A case
in point is ATF3, an immediate early transcription factor whose expression is
induced in various cardiac stress models but has been reported to have
conflicting functional significance in hypertrophy. To address this issue, we
generated a transgenic mouse line with tetracycline-regulated ATF3 cardiac
expression. These mice allowed us to study the consequence of ATF3 expression in
the embryo or during the adult period, thus distinguishing the effect of ATF3 on
development versus pathogenesis of cardiac dysfunction. Importantly, ATF3
expression in adult mice resulted in rapid ventricles hypertrophy, heart
dysfunction, and fibrosis. When combined with a phenylephrine-infusion pressure
overload model, the ATF3 expressing mice displayed a severe outcome and heart
dysfunction. In a complementary approach, ATF3 KO mice displayed a lower level
of heart hypertrophy in the same pressure overload model. In summary, ectopic
expression of ATF3 is sufficient to promote cardiac hypertrophy and exacerbates
the deleterious effect of chronic pressure overload; conversely, ATF3 deletion
protects the heart. Therefore, ATF3 may serve as an important drug target to
reduce the detrimental consequences of heart hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilach Koren
- Department of Molecular Genetics, the Rappaport Family Institute for
Research in the Medical Sciences, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology,
Haifa, Israel
| | - Ofer Elhanani
- Department of Molecular Genetics, the Rappaport Family Institute for
Research in the Medical Sciences, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology,
Haifa, Israel
| | - Izhak Kehat
- Department of Physiology The Rappaport Family Institute for Research in
the Medical Sciences, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa,
Israel
| | - Tsonwin Hai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Ohio State University,
Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ami Aronheim
- Department of Molecular Genetics, the Rappaport Family Institute for
Research in the Medical Sciences, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology,
Haifa, Israel
- * E-mail:
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42
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Bround MJ, Wambolt R, Luciani DS, Kulpa JE, Rodrigues B, Brownsey RW, Allard MF, Johnson JD. Cardiomyocyte ATP production, metabolic flexibility, and survival require calcium flux through cardiac ryanodine receptors in vivo. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:18975-86. [PMID: 23678000 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.427062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca(2+) fluxes between adjacent organelles are thought to control many cellular processes, including metabolism and cell survival. In vitro evidence has been presented that constitutive Ca(2+) flux from intracellular stores into mitochondria is required for basal cellular metabolism, but these observations have not been made in vivo. We report that controlled in vivo depletion of cardiac RYR2, using a conditional gene knock-out strategy (cRyr2KO mice), is sufficient to reduce mitochondrial Ca(2+) and oxidative metabolism, and to establish a pseudohypoxic state with increased autophagy. Dramatic metabolic reprogramming was evident at the transcriptional level via Sirt1/Foxo1/Pgc1α, Atf3, and Klf15 gene networks. Ryr2 loss also induced a non-apoptotic form of programmed cell death associated with increased calpain-10 but not caspase-3 activation or endoplasmic reticulum stress. Remarkably, cRyr2KO mice rapidly exhibited many of the structural, metabolic, and molecular characteristics of heart failure at a time when RYR2 protein was reduced 50%, a similar degree to that which has been reported in heart failure. RYR2-mediated Ca(2+) fluxes are therefore proximal controllers of mitochondrial Ca(2+), ATP levels, and a cascade of transcription factors controlling metabolism and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Bround
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Feedback regulation by Atf3 in the endothelin-1-responsive transcriptome of cardiomyocytes: Egr1 is a principal Atf3 target. Biochem J 2012; 444:343-55. [PMID: 22390138 PMCID: PMC3365354 DOI: 10.1042/bj20120125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Endothelin-1 promotes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by inducing changes in gene expression. Immediate early genes including Atf3 (activating transcription factor 3), Egr1 (early growth response 1) and Ptgs2 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2) are rapi-dly and transiently up-regulated by endothelin-1 in cardiomyocytes. Atf3 regulates the expression of downstream genes and is implicated in negative feedback regulation of other immediate early genes. To identify Atf3-regulated genes, we knocked down Atf3 expression in cardiomyocytes exposed to endothelin-1 and used microarrays to interrogate the transcriptomic effects. The expression of 23 mRNAs (including Egr1 and Ptgs2) was enhanced and the expression of 25 mRNAs was inhibited by Atf3 knockdown. Using quantitative PCR, we determined that knockdown of Atf3 had little effect on up-regulation of Egr1 mRNA over 30 min, but abolished the subsequent decline, causing sustained Egr1 mRNA expression and enhanced protein expression. This resulted from direct binding of Atf3 to the Egr1 promoter. Mathematical modelling established that Atf3 can suffice to suppress Egr1 expression. Given the widespread co-regulation of Atf3 with Egr1, we suggest that the Atf3–Egr1 negative feedback loop is of general significance. Loss of Atf3 caused abnormal cardiomyocyte growth, presumably resulting from the dysregulation of target genes. The results of the present study therefore identify Atf3 as a nexus in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy required to facilitate the full and proper growth response.
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44
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Sorcin, a potential therapeutic target for reversing multidrug resistance in cancer. J Physiol Biochem 2012; 68:281-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-011-0140-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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45
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Activating transcription factor 3 deficiency promotes cardiac hypertrophy, dysfunction, and fibrosis induced by pressure overload. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26744. [PMID: 22053207 PMCID: PMC3203896 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), which is encoded by an adaptive-response gene induced by various stimuli, plays an important role in the cardiovascular system. However, the effect of ATF3 on cardiac hypertrophy induced by a pathological stimulus has not been determined. Here, we investigated the effects of ATF3 deficiency on cardiac hypertrophy using in vitro and in vivo models. Aortic banding (AB) was performed to induce cardiac hypertrophy in mice. Cardiac hypertrophy was estimated by echocardiographic and hemodynamic measurements and by pathological and molecular analysis. ATF3 deficiency promoted cardiac hypertrophy, dysfunction and fibrosis after 4 weeks of AB compared to the wild type (WT) mice. Furthermore, enhanced activation of the MEK-ERK1/2 and JNK pathways was found in ATF3-knockout (KO) mice compared to WT mice. In vitro studies performed in cultured neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes confirmed that ATF3 deficiency promotes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by angiotensin II, which was associated with the amplification of MEK-ERK1/2 and JNK signaling. Our results suggested that ATF3 plays a crucial role in the development of cardiac hypertrophy via negative regulation of the MEK-ERK1/2 and JNK pathways.
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46
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Hai T, Jalgaonkar S, Wolford CC, Yin X. Immunohistochemical detection of activating transcription factor 3, a hub of the cellular adaptive-response network. Methods Enzymol 2011; 490:175-94. [PMID: 21266251 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385114-7.00011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) gene encodes a member of the ATF family of transcription factors and is induced by various stress signals, including many of those that induce the unfolded protein response (UPR). Emerging evidence suggests that ATF3 is a hub of the cellular adaptive-response network and studies using various mouse models indicate that ATF3 plays a role in the pathogenesis of various diseases. One way to investigate the potential relevance of ATF3 to human diseases is to determine its expression in patient samples and test whether it correlates with disease progression or clinical outcomes. Due to the scarcity and preciousness of patient samples, methods that can detect ATF3 on archival tissue sections would greatly facilitate this research. In this chapter, we briefly review the roles of ATF3 in cellular adaptive-response and UPR, and then describe the detailed steps and tips that we developed based on general immunohistochemistry (IHC) protocols to detect ATF3 on paraffin embedded sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsonwin Hai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Hasin T, Elhanani O, Abassi Z, Hai T, Aronheim A. Angiotensin II signaling up-regulates the immediate early transcription factor ATF3 in the left but not the right atrium. Basic Res Cardiol 2010; 106:175-87. [PMID: 21191795 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-010-0145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Revised: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The atria respond to various pathological stimuli including pressure and volume overload with remodeling and dilatation. Dilatation of the left atrium is associated with atrial fibrillation. The mechanisms involved in chamber-specific hypertrophy are largely unknown. Angiotensin II is hypothesized to take part in mediating this response. ATF3 is an immediate early gene found at the receiving end of multiple stress and growth stimuli. Here we characterize ATF3 as a direct target gene for angiotensin II. ATF3 expression is regulated by angiotensin receptor-mediated signaling in vivo and in vitro at the transcriptional level. ATF3 induction is mediated by cooperation between both the AT(1A) and AT₂ receptor subtypes. While AT₂R blocker (PD123319) efficiently blocks ATF3 induction in response to angiotensin II injection, it results in an increase in blood pressure indicating that the effect of angiotensin II on ATF3 is independent of its effect on blood pressure. In contrast to adrenergic stimulation that induces ATF3 in all heart chambers, ATF3 induction in response to angiotensin II occurs primarily in the left chambers. We hypothesize that the activation of differential signaling pathways accounts for the chamber-specific induction of ATF3 expression in response to angiotensin II stimulation. Angiotensin II injection rapidly activates the EGFR-dependent pathways including ERK and PI3K-AKT in the left but not the right atrium. EGF receptor inhibitor (Gefitinib/Iressa) as well as the AKT inhibitor (Triciribine) significantly abrogates ATF3 induction by angiotensin II in the left chambers. Collectively, our data strongly place ATF3 as a unique nuclear protein target in response to angiotensin II stimulation in the atria. The spatial expression of ATF3 may add to the understanding of the signaling pathways involved in cardiac response to neuro-hormonal stimulation, and in particular to the understanding of left atrial-generated pathology such as atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Hasin
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 1 Efron St., Bat-Galim, 31096 Haifa, Israel
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Ikeda Y, Sato K, Pimentel DR, Sam F, Shaw RJ, Dyck JRB, Walsh K. Cardiac-specific deletion of LKB1 leads to hypertrophy and dysfunction. J Biol Chem 2010; 284:35839-49. [PMID: 19828446 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.057273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
LKB1 encodes a serine/threonine kinase, which functions upstream of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) superfamily. To clarify the role of LKB1 in heart, we generated and characterized cardiac myocyte-specific LKB1 knock-out (KO) mice using alpha-myosin heavy chain-Cre deletor strain. LKB1-KO mice displayed biatrial enlargement with atrial fibrillation and cardiac dysfunction at 4 weeks of age. Left ventricular hypertrophy was observed in LKB1-KO mice at 12 weeks but not 4 weeks of age. Collagen I and III mRNA expression was elevated in atria at 4 weeks, and atrial fibrosis was seen at 12 weeks. LKB1-KO mice displayed cardiac dysfunction and atrial fibrillation and died within 6 months of age. Indicative of a prohypertrophic environment, the phosphorylation of AMPK and eEF2 was reduced, whereas mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation and p70S6 kinase phosphorylation were increased in both the atria and ventricles of LKB1-deficient mice. Consistent with vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA and protein levels being significantly reduced in LKB1-KO mice, these mice also exhibited a reduction in capillary density of both atria and ventricles. In cultured cardiac myocytes, LKB1 silencing induced hypertrophy, which was ameliorated by the expression of a constitutively active form AMPK or by treatment with the inhibitor of mTOR, rapamycin. These findings indicate that LKB1 signaling in cardiac myocytes is essential for normal development of the atria and ventricles. Cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction in LKB1-deficient hearts are associated with alterations in AMPK and mTOR/p70S6 kinase/eEF2 signaling and with a reduction in vascular endothelial growth factor expression and vessel rarefaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumasa Ikeda
- Molecular Cardiology/Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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Hai T, Wolford CC, Chang YS. ATF3, a hub of the cellular adaptive-response network, in the pathogenesis of diseases: is modulation of inflammation a unifying component? Gene Expr 2010; 15:1-11. [PMID: 21061913 PMCID: PMC6043823 DOI: 10.3727/105221610x12819686555015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) gene encodes a member of the ATF family of transcription factors and is induced by various stress signals. All members of this family share the basic region-leucine zipper (bZip) DNA binding motif and bind to the consensus sequence TGACGTCA in vitro. Previous reviews and an Internet source have covered the following topics: the nomenclature of ATF proteins, the history of their discovery, the potential interplays between ATFs and other bZip proteins, ATF3-interacting proteins, ATF3 target genes, and the emerging roles of ATF3 in cancer and immunity (see footnote 1). In this review, we present evidence and clues that prompted us to put forth the idea that ATF3 functions as a "hub" of the cellular adaptive-response network. We will then focus on the roles of ATF3 in modulating inflammatory response. Inflammation is increasingly recognized to play an important role for the development of many diseases. Putting this in the context of the hub idea, we propose that modulation of inflammation by ATF3 is a unifying theme for the potential involvement of ATF3 in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsonwin Hai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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50
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Seewald MJ, Ellinghaus P, Kassner A, Stork I, Barg M, Niebrügge S, Golz S, Summer H, Zweigerdt R, Schräder EM, Feicht S, Jaquet K, Reis S, Körfer R, Milting H. Genomic profiling of developing cardiomyocytes from recombinant murine embryonic stem cells reveals regulation of transcription factor clusters. Physiol Genomics 2009; 38:7-15. [PMID: 19293330 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.90287.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes derived from pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESC) have the advantage of providing a source for standardized cell cultures. However, little is known on the regulation of the genome during differentiation of ESC to cardiomyocytes. Here, we characterize the transcriptome of the mouse ESC line CM7/1 during differentiation into beating cardiomyocytes and compare the gene expression profiles with those from primary adult murine cardiomyocytes and left ventricular myocardium. We observe that the cardiac gene expression pattern of fully differentiated CM7/1-ESC is highly similar to adult primary cardiomyocytes and murine myocardium, respectively. This finding is underlined by demonstrating pharmacological effects of catecholamines and endothelin-1 on ESC-derived cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, we monitor the temporal changes in gene expression pattern during ESC differentiation with a special focus on transcription factors involved in cardiomyocyte differentiation. Thus, CM7/1-ESC-derived cardiomyocytes are a promising new tool for functional studies of cardiomyocytes in vitro and for the analysis of the transcription factor network regulating pluripotency and differentiation to cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Seewald
- Department of Target Discovery, Bayer Healthcare AG, Wuppertal, Germany
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