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Lv S, Zhang J, Peng X, Liu H, Liu Y, Wei F. Ubiquitin signaling in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1304639. [PMID: 38174069 PMCID: PMC10761520 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1304639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal malignant tumor of the digestive system, characterized by rapid progression and being prone to metastasis. Few effective treatment options are available for PDAC, and its 5-year survival rate is less than 9%. Many cell biological and signaling events are involved in the development of PDAC, among which protein post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as ubiquitination, play crucial roles. Catalyzed mostly by a three-enzyme cascade, ubiquitination induces changes in protein activity mainly by altering their stability in PDAC. Due to their role in substrate recognition, E3 ubiquitin ligases (E3s) dictate the outcome of the modification. Ubiquitination can be reversed by deubiquitylases (DUBs), which, in return, modified proteins to their native form. Dysregulation of E3s or DUBs that disrupt protein homeostasis is involved in PDAC. Moreover, the ubiquitination system has been exploited to develop therapeutic strategies, such as proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs). In this review, we summarize recent progress in our understanding of the role of ubiquitination in the development of PDAC and offer perspectives in the design of new therapies against this highly challenging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xinyu Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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2
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Morgenstern E, Kretz M. The human long non-coding RNA LINC00941 and its modes of action in health and disease. Biol Chem 2023; 404:1025-1036. [PMID: 37418674 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2023-0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs have gained attention in recent years as they were shown to play crucial roles in the regulation of cellular processes, but the understanding of the exact mechanisms is still incomplete in most cases. This is also true for long non-coding RNA LINC00941, which was recently found to be highly upregulated in various types of cancer influencing cell proliferation and metastasis. Initial studies could not elucidate the mode of action to understand the role and real impact of LINC00941 in tissue homeostasis and cancer development. However, recent analyses have demonstrated multiple potential modes of action of LINC00941 influencing the functionality of various cancer cell types. Correspondingly, LINC00941 was proposed to be involved in regulation of mRNA transcription and modulation of protein stability, respectively. In addition, several experimental approaches suggest a function of LINC00941 as competitive endogenous RNA, thus acting in a post-transcriptional regulatory fashion. This review summarizes our recent knowledge about the mechanisms of action of LINC00941 elucidated so far and discusses its putative role in miRNA sequestering processes. In addition, the functional role of LINC00941 in regulating human keratinocytes is discussed to also highlight its role in normal tissue homeostasis tissue aside from its involvement in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Morgenstern
- Regensburg Center for Biochemistry (RCB), University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Kretz
- Regensburg Center for Biochemistry (RCB), University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
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3
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Keyan KS, Salim S, Gowda S, Abdelrahman D, Amir SS, Islam Z, Vargas C, Bengoechea-Alonso MT, Alwa A, Dahal S, Kolatkar PR, Da'as S, Torrisani J, Ericsson J, Mohammad F, Khan OM. Control of TGFβ signalling by ubiquitination independent function of E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIP12. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:692. [PMID: 37863914 PMCID: PMC10589240 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06215-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) pathway is a master regulator of cell proliferation, differentiation, and death. Deregulation of TGFβ signalling is well established in several human diseases including autoimmune disorders and cancer. Thus, understanding molecular pathways governing TGFβ signalling may help better understand the underlying causes of some of those conditions. Here, we show that a HECT domain E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIP12 controls TGFβ signalling in multiple models. Interestingly, TRIP12 control of TGFβ signalling is completely independent of its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Instead, TRIP12 recruits SMURF2 to SMAD4, which is most likely responsible for inhibitory monoubiquitination of SMAD4, since SMAD4 monoubiquitination and its interaction with SMURF2 were dramatically downregulated in TRIP12-/- cells. Additionally, genetic inhibition of TRIP12 in human and murine cells leads to robust activation of TGFβ signalling which was rescued by re-introducing wildtype TRIP12 or a catalytically inactive C1959A mutant. Importantly, TRIP12 control of TGFβ signalling is evolutionary conserved. Indeed, genetic inhibition of Drosophila TRIP12 orthologue, ctrip, in gut leads to a reduced number of intestinal stem cells which was compensated by the increase in differentiated enteroendocrine cells. These effects were completely normalised in Drosophila strain where ctrip was co-inhibited together with Drosophila SMAD4 orthologue, Medea. Similarly, in murine 3D intestinal organoids, CRISPR/Cas9 mediated genetic targeting of Trip12 enhances TGFβ mediated proliferation arrest and cell death. Finally, CRISPR/Cas9 mediated genetic targeting of TRIP12 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells enhances the TGFβ induced migratory capacity of these cells which was rescued to the wildtype level by re-introducing wildtype TRIP12. Our work establishes TRIP12 as an evolutionary conserved modulator of TGFβ signalling in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kripa S Keyan
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Safa Salim
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Swetha Gowda
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Syeda Sakina Amir
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zeyaul Islam
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Doha, Qatar
| | - Claire Vargas
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Amira Alwa
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Subrat Dahal
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Sahar Da'as
- Department of Research, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jerome Torrisani
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Johan Ericsson
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Farhan Mohammad
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Omar M Khan
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.
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4
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Pan S, Chen R. Pathological implication of protein post-translational modifications in cancer. Mol Aspects Med 2022; 86:101097. [PMID: 35400524 PMCID: PMC9378605 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) profoundly influence protein functions and play crucial roles in essentially all cell biological processes. The diverse realm of PTMs and their crosstalk is linked to many critical signaling events involved in neoplastic transformation, carcinogenesis and metastasis. The pathological roles of various PTMs are implicated in all aspects of cancer hallmark functions, cancer metabolism and regulation of tumor microenvironment. Study of PTMs has become an important area in cancer research to understand cancer biology and discover novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. With a limited scope, this review attempts to discuss some PTMs of high frequency with recognized importance in cancer biology, including phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, palmitoylation and ubiquitination, as well as their implications in clinical applications. These protein modifications are among the most abundant PTMs and profoundly implicated in carcinogenesis.
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The Role of SMAD4 Inactivation in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Plasticity of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: The Missing Link? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040973. [PMID: 35205719 PMCID: PMC8870198 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is currently one of the deadliest cancers. Despite the progress that has been made in the research of patient care and the understanding of pancreatic cancer, the survival rate remains mediocre. SMAD4, a tumor-suppressor gene, is specifically inactivated in 50–55% of pancreatic cancers. The role of SMAD4 protein loss in PDAC remains controversial, but seems to be associated with worse overall survival and metastasis. Here, we review the function of SMAD4 inactivation in the context of a specific biological process called epithelial–mesenchymal transition, as it has been increasingly associated with tumor formation, metastasis and resistance to therapy. By improving our understanding of these molecular mechanisms, we hope to find new targets for therapy and improve the care of patients with PDAC. Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) presents a five-year survival rate of 10% and its incidence increases over the years. It is, therefore, essential to improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that promote metastasis and chemoresistance in PDAC, which are the main causes of death in these patients. SMAD4 is inactivated in 50% of PDACs and its loss has been associated with worse overall survival and metastasis, although some controversy still exists. SMAD4 is the central signal transducer of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) pathway, which is notably known to play a role in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT is a biological process where epithelial cells lose their characteristics to acquire a spindle-cell phenotype and increased motility. EMT has been increasingly studied due to its potential implication in metastasis and therapy resistance. Recently, it has been suggested that cells undergo EMT transition through intermediary states, which is referred to as epithelial–mesenchymal plasticity (EMP). The intermediary states are characterized by enhanced aggressiveness and more efficient metastasis. Therefore, this review aims to summarize and analyze the current knowledge on SMAD4 loss in patients with PDAC and to investigate its potential role in EMP in order to better understand its function in PDAC carcinogenesis.
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Chen N, Zheng Q, Wan G, Guo F, Zeng X, Shi P. Impact of posttranslational modifications in pancreatic carcinogenesis and treatments. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:739-759. [PMID: 34342796 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-09980-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly aggressive cancer, with a 9% 5-year survival rate and a high risk of recurrence. In part, this is because PC is composed of heterogeneous subgroups with different biological and functional characteristics and personalized anticancer treatments are required. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) play an important role in modifying protein functions/roles and are required for the maintenance of cell viability and biological processes; thus, their dysregulation can lead to disease. Different types of PTMs increase the functional diversity of the proteome, which subsequently influences most aspects of normal cell biology or pathogenesis. This review primarily focuses on ubiquitination, SUMOylation, and NEDDylation, as well as the current understanding of their roles and molecular mechanisms in pancreatic carcinogenesis. Additionally, we briefly summarize studies and clinical trials on PC treatments to advance our knowledge of drugs available to target the ubiquitination, SUMOylation, and NEDDylation PTM types. Further investigation of PTMs could be a critical field of study in relation to PC, as they have been implicated in the initiation and progression of many other types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianhong Chen
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, 2Nd Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Medicine School, Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518037, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Cell Biology & University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Qiaoqiao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqing Wan
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, 2Nd Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Medicine School, Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518037, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Xiaobin Zeng
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch and Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, 2Nd Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Medicine School, Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518037, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ping Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
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Wu N, Jiang M, Liu H, Chu Y, Wang D, Cao J, Wang Z, Xie X, Han Y, Xu B. LINC00941 promotes CRC metastasis through preventing SMAD4 protein degradation and activating the TGF-β/SMAD2/3 signaling pathway. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:219-232. [PMID: 32737443 PMCID: PMC7853066 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-0596-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRICT LINC00941 is a novel lncRNA that has been found to exhibit protumorigenic and prometastatic behaviors during tumorigenesis. However, its role in metastatic CRC remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the functions and mechanisms of LINC00941 in CRC metastasis. LINC00941 was shown to be upregulated in CRC, and upregulated LINC00941 was associated with poor prognosis. Functionally, LINC00941 promoted migratory and invasive capacities and accelerated lung metastasis in nude mice. Mechanistically, LINC00941 activated EMT in CRC cells, as indicated by the increased expression of key molecular markers of cell invasion and metastasis (Vimentin, Fibronectin, and Twist1) and simultaneous decreased expression of the main invasion suppressors E-cadherin and ZO-1. LINC00941 was found to activate EMT by directly binding the SMAD4 protein MH2 domain and competing with β-TrCP to prevent SMAD4 protein degradation, thus activating the TGF-β/SMAD2/3 signaling pathway. Our data reveal the essential role of LINC00941 in metastatic CRC via activation of the TGF-β/SMAD2/3 axis, which provides new insight into the mechanism of metastatic CRC and a novel potential therapeutic target for advanced CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. School of Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Mingzuo Jiang
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Haiming Liu
- School of Software Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yi Chu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. School of Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Jiayi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. School of Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Zhiyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. School of Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. School of Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yuying Han
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. School of Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Bing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. School of Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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8
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SMAD-oncoprotein interplay: Potential determining factors in targeted therapies. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 180:114155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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9
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Pan S, Brentnall TA, Chen R. Proteome alterations in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Lett 2020; 469:429-436. [PMID: 31734355 PMCID: PMC9017243 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are the essential functional biomolecules profoundly implicated in all aspects of pancreatic tumorigenesis and its progression. While common genomic factors, such as KRAS, TP53, SMAD4, and CDKN2A have been well recognized in association of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), our understanding of functional changes at the proteome level merits further investigation. Malignance associated proteome alterations can be attributed to the convoluted outcomes from genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors in initiating and progressing PDAC, and may reflect on changes in protein expressional level, structure, localization, as well as post-translational modifications (PTMs) status. The study of localized or systemic proteome alterations in PDAC, as well as its precursor lesions, such as pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and mucinous pancreatic cystic neoplasm, would provide unique perspectives in elucidating functional molecular events underlying PDAC. While efforts have been made, challenges still exist to comprehensively integrate much of the proteomic discovery to the perspectives gained from genomic studies in the context of biomarker discovery. Novel approaches and data from well-defined longitudinal clinical studies and experimental models are needed to facilitate the study of PDAC and precursor lesions for early detection and intervention.
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10
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Yuan T, Chen Z, Yan F, Qian M, Luo H, Ye S, Cao J, Ying M, Dai X, Gai R, Yang B, He Q, Zhu H. Deubiquitinating enzyme USP10 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis through deubiquitinating and stabilizing Smad4 protein. Mol Oncol 2019; 14:197-210. [PMID: 31721429 PMCID: PMC6944132 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has emerged as one of the most prevalent life-threatening cancers, and the high mortality rate is largely due to the metastasis. The sustained activation of Smad4 and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is closely associated with advanced HCC metastasis. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying the aberrant activation of Smad4 and TGF-β pathway remains elusive. In this study, using a functional screen of USPs siRNA library, we identified ubiquitin-specific proteases USP10 as a deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) that sustains the protein level of Smad4 and activates TGF-β signaling. Further analysis showed that USP10 directly interacts with Smad4 and stabilizes it through the cleavage of its proteolytic ubiquitination, thus promoting HCC metastasis. The suppression of USP10 by either shRNAs or catalytic inhibitor Spautin-1 significantly inhibited the migration of HCC cells, whereas the reconstitution of Smad4 was able to efficiently rescue this defect. Overall, our study not only uncovers the regulatory effect of USP10 on the protein abundance of Smad4, but also indicates that USP10 could be regarded as a potential intervention target for the metastatic HCC in Smad4-positive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yuan
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zibo Chen
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangjie Yan
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meijia Qian
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Song Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ji Cao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meidan Ying
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Dai
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renhua Gai
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Cai N, Chen Z, Huang Y, Shao S, Yu H, Wang Y, He S. β-TrCP1 promotes cell proliferation via TNF-dependent NF-κB activation in diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Cancer Biol Ther 2019; 21:241-247. [PMID: 31731887 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2019.1683332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), a heterogeneous group of invasive disease, is the most common type of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The mechanism of its development is closely related to the constitutive activation of NF-κB. In this study, we investigated the function and the mechanism of β-TRCP1 in DLBCL. CCK8 and EdU assays showed that β-TRCP1 could promote the growth of DLBCL cells under the stimulation of TNFα. Furthermore, overexpression of β-TRCP1 enhanced NF-κB activation in the presence of TNFα. Moreover, ectopic expression of β-TRCP1 decreased IκB-α expression but increased phospho-p65 expression. In addition, β-TRCP1 promoted cell cycle progression by accelerating G1-S phase transition. We also found that silencing of β-TrCP1 increased mitoxantrone-induced cell growth arrest and apoptosis. Based on these, we proposed that the expression of β-TRCP1 promoted cell proliferation via TNF-dependent NF-κB activation in DLBCL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Cai
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of gynaecology and obstetrics, Nantong Tongzhou People's Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuolin Chen
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuejiao Huang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Shao
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Yu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchan Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Song He
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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12
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Kang JH, Choi MY, Cui YH, Kaushik N, Uddin N, Yoo KC, Kim MJ, Lee SJ. Regulation of FBXO4-mediated ICAM-1 protein stability in metastatic breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:83100-83113. [PMID: 29137327 PMCID: PMC5669953 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced or progressive cancers share common traits such as altered transcriptional modulation, genetic modification, and abnormal post-translational regulation. These processes influence protein stability and cellular activity. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is involved in the malignant progression of various human cancers, including breast, liver, renal, and pancreatic cancers, but protein stability has not been deal with in metastatic breast cancer. Additionally, the relevance of the stability maintenance of ICAM-1 protein remains obscure. Here, we identified a novel interaction of E3 ligase FBXO4 that is specifically presented to ICAM-1. To understand how FBXO4 modulates ICAM-1 stability, we investigated ICAM-1-overexpressing or knockdown metastatic/non-metastatic breast cancers. ICAM-1 was found to influence tumor progression and metastasis, whereas FBXO4 regulated aggressive tumorigenic conditions. These results demonstrate that FBXO4 is a major regulator of ICAM-1 stability and that alterations in the stability of ICAM-1 can influence therapeutic outcome in metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyeok Kang
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-Young Choi
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yan-Hong Cui
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Neha Kaushik
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nizam Uddin
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of The Panjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ki-Chun Yoo
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kim
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure and Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Jae Lee
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
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13
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Tang X, Shi L, Xie N, Liu Z, Qian M, Meng F, Xu Q, Zhou M, Cao X, Zhu WG, Liu B. SIRT7 antagonizes TGF-β signaling and inhibits breast cancer metastasis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:318. [PMID: 28827661 PMCID: PMC5566498 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00396-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Distant metastasis is the main cause of breast cancer-related death; however, effective therapeutic strategies targeting metastasis are still scarce. This is largely attributable to the spatiotemporal intratumor heterogeneity during metastasis. Here we show that protein deacetylase SIRT7 is significantly downregulated in breast cancer lung metastases in human and mice, and predicts metastasis-free survival. SIRT7 deficiency promotes breast cancer cell metastasis, while temporal expression of Sirt7 inhibits metastasis in polyomavirus middle T antigen breast cancer model. Mechanistically, SIRT7 deacetylates and promotes SMAD4 degradation mediated by β-TrCP1, and SIRT7 deficiency activates transforming growth factor-β signaling and enhances epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Significantly, resveratrol activates SIRT7 deacetylase activity, inhibits breast cancer lung metastases, and increases survival. Our data highlight SIRT7 as a modulator of transforming growth factor-β signaling and suppressor of breast cancer metastasis, meanwhile providing an effective anti-metastatic therapeutic strategy.Metastatic disease is the major reason for breast cancer-related deaths; therefore, a better understanding of this process and its players is needed. Here the authors report the role of SIRT7 in inhibiting SMAD4-mediated breast cancer metastasis providing a possible therapeutic avenue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Center for Anti-aging and Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Center for Anti-aging and Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Ni Xie
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Zuojun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Center for Anti-aging and Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Minxian Qian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Center for Anti-aging and Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Fanbiao Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Center for Anti-aging and Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Qingyang Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Center for Anti-aging and Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Mingyan Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Center for Anti-aging and Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xinyue Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Center for Anti-aging and Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Baohua Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
- Center for Anti-aging and Regenerative Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
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14
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Liang J, Wang WF, Xie S, Zhang XL, Qi WF, Zhou XP, Hu JX, Shi Q, Yu RT. β-transducin repeat-containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase inhibits migration, invasion and proliferation of glioma cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:3131-3135. [PMID: 28928851 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
β-transducin repeat-containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (β-TrCP) serves as the substrate recognition subunit for the Skp1-Cullin1-F-box protein E3 ubiquitin ligase, which recognizes the double phosphorylated DSG (X)2+nS destruction motif in various substrates that are essential for numerous aspects of tumorigenesis and regulates several important signaling pathways. However, the biological significance of β-TrCP in glioma progression remains largely unknown. A previous study by the authors demonstrated that the levels of β-TrCP protein expression in brain glioma tissues were significantly lower compared with non-tumorous tissues and that higher grades of gliomas exhibited lower levels of β-TrCP expression in comparison with lower glioma grades. In addition, low β-TrCP expression was associated with poor prognosis in patients with glioma. Subsequently, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of β-TrCP on migratory, invasive and proliferative abilities of glioma cells. β-TrCP plasmids were transfected into cultured U251 and U87 glioma cells, and changes in migration, invasion and proliferation were analyzed using wound healing, Transwell and EdU assays. It was identified that the overexpression of β-TrCP inhibited migration, invasion and proliferation in glioma cells. In summary, these results indicate that β-TrCP may serve a protective role against the progression of glioma by suppressing cell migration, invasion and proliferation. The potential mechanism of β-TrCP I glioma cells requires additional investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Feng Wang
- Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Shao Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Li Zhang
- Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Feng Qi
- Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Ping Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Xia Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Ru-Tong Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
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15
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Zhang P, Luo X, Guo Z, Xiong A, Dong H, Zhang Q, Liu C, Zhu J, Wang H, Yu N, Zhang J, Hong Y, Yang L, Huang J. Neuritin Inhibits Notch Signaling through Interacted with Neuralized to Promote the Neurite Growth. Front Mol Neurosci 2017. [PMID: 28642682 PMCID: PMC5462965 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuritin plays a key role in neural development and regeneration by promoting neurite outgrowth and synapse maturation. However, the mechanism of neuritin in modulating neurite growth has not been elucidated. Here, using yeast two-hybrid we screened and discovered the interaction of neuritin and neuralized (NEURL1), which is an important regulator that can activate Notch signaling through promoting endocytosis of Notch ligand. And then we identified the interaction of neuritin and neuralized by co-immunoprecipitation (IP) assays, and clarified that neuritin and NEURL1 were co-localized on the cell membrane of SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, neuritin significantly suppressed Notch ligand Jagged1 (JAG1) endocytosis promoted by NEURL1, and then inhibited the activation of Notch receptor Notch intracellular domain (NICD) and decreased the expression of downstream gene hairy and enhancer of split-1 (HES1). Importantly, the effect of neuritin on inhibiting Notch signaling was rescued by NEURL1, which indicated that neuritin is an upstream and negative regulator of NEURL1 to inhibit Notch signaling through interaction with NEURL1. Notably, recombinant neuritin restored the retraction of neurites caused by activation of Notch, and neurite growth stimulated by neuritin was partially blocked by NEURL1. These findings establish neuritin as an upstream and negative regulator of NEURL1 that inhibits Notch signaling to promote neurite growth. This mechanism connects neuritin with Notch signaling, and provides a valuable foundation for further investigation of neuritin's role in neurodevelopment and neural plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Department of Biochemistry, Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, China
| | - Xing Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Department of Biochemistry, Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, China
| | - Zheng Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Department of Biochemistry, Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, China
| | - Anying Xiong
- The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Department of Biochemistry, Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, China
| | - Hongchang Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Department of Biochemistry, Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Department of Biochemistry, Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Department of Biochemistry, Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, China
| | - Jingling Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Department of Biochemistry, Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Department of Biochemistry, Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, China
| | - Na Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Department of Biochemistry, Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, China
| | - Jinli Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Department of Biochemistry, Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, China
| | - Yu Hong
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Lei Yang
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Jin Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Department of Biochemistry, Shihezi University School of MedicineShihezi, China
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16
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Xu P, Lin X, Feng XH. Posttranslational Regulation of Smads. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2016; 8:cshperspect.a022087. [PMID: 27908935 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a022087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family signaling dictates highly complex programs of gene expression responses, which are extensively regulated at multiple levels and vary depending on the physiological context. The formation, activation, and destruction of two major functional complexes in the TGF-β signaling pathway (i.e., the TGF-β receptor complexes and the Smad complexes that act as central mediators of TGF-β signaling) are direct targets for posttranslational regulation. Dysfunction of these complexes often leads or contributes to pathogenesis in cancer and fibrosis and in cardiovascular, and autoimmune diseases. Here we discuss recent insights into the roles of posttranslational modifications in the functions of the receptor-activated Smads in the common Smad4 and inhibitory Smads, and in the control of the physiological responses to TGF-β. It is now evident that these modifications act as decisive factors in defining the intensity and versatility of TGF-β responsiveness. Thus, the characterization of posttranslational modifications of Smads not only sheds light on how TGF-β controls physiological and pathological processes but may also guide us to manipulate the TGF-β responses for therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinglong Xu
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xia Lin
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Xin-Hua Feng
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030.,Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
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17
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Wang H, Maitra A, Wang H. The emerging roles of F-box proteins in pancreatic tumorigenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 36:88-94. [PMID: 26384530 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The role of F-box proteins in pancreatic tumorigenesis is emerging owing to their pivotal and indispensable roles in cell differentiation, cell cycle regulation and proliferation. In this review, we will focus on β-TrCP (β-transducin repeat-containing protein) and two other prototypical mammalian F-box proteins, Fbxw7 and Fbxw8, in pancreatic tumorigenesis and progression. We will highlight the functions and regulation of these F-box proteins, their respective substrates and cross-talks with other key signaling pathways, such as the Ras-Raf-Mek-Erk, Hedgehog, NFκB, TGF-β, Myc and HPK1 signaling pathways in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, United States; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
| | - Huamin Wang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, United States; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, United States.
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18
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Cheruku HR, Mohamedali A, Cantor DI, Tan SH, Nice EC, Baker MS. Transforming growth factor-β, MAPK and Wnt signaling interactions in colorectal cancer. EUPA OPEN PROTEOMICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.euprot.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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19
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic relevance of SMAD4 expression in pancreatic cancer. METHODS We analyzed the correlations between SMAD4 expression and clinicopathological parameters and outcome in 174 patients with pancreatic cancer. Specimens were also classified into subtypes reflecting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, based on E-cadherin and vimentin. RESULTS We found that 59.8% (104/174) of patients were SMAD4 and 40.2% (70/174) were SMAD4. Disease-specific survival in patients with SMAD4 was significantly better than that in SMAD4. SMAD4 status was significantly correlated with portal vein invasion, lymph vessel invasion, and perineural invasion and was an independent prognostic factor. SMAD4 was significantly associated with mesenchymal phenotype. The loss of SMAD4 expression was found in 49.4% of patients with no vascular invasion, 61.9% with portal vein invasion, 76.5% with common hepatic artery invasion, and 80.8% with superior mesenteric artery invasion. In addition, the specimens from 59.0% of patients with local recurrence, 66.7% of those with both local and distant recurrence, and 73.7% of those with distant recurrence were SMAD4. CONCLUSIONS The loss of SMAD4 expression is an independent prognostic factor and seems to be associated with tumor progression, pattern of failure, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition status. Preoperative stratification based on SMAD4 could lead to appropriate treatment strategy.
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20
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Demagny H, De Robertis EM. Point mutations in the tumor suppressor Smad4/DPC4 enhance its phosphorylation by GSK3 and reversibly inactivate TGF-β signaling. Mol Cell Oncol 2015; 3:e1025181. [PMID: 27308538 PMCID: PMC4845174 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2015.1025181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor Smad4/DPC4 is an essential transcription factor in the TGF-β pathway and is frequently mutated or deleted in prostate, colorectal, and pancreatic carcinomas. We recently discovered that Smad4 activity and stability are regulated by the FGF/EGF and Wnt signaling pathways through a series of MAPK and GSK3 phosphorylation sites located in its linker region. In the present study, we report that loss-of-function associated with 2 point mutations commonly found in colorectal and pancreatic cancers results from enhanced Smad4 phosphorylation by GSK3, generating a phosphodegron that leads to subsequent β-TrCP–mediated polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Using chemical GSK3 inhibitors, we show that Smad4 point mutant proteins can be stabilized and TGF-β signaling restored in cancer cells harboring such mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadrien Demagny
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biological Chemistry; University of California ; Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Edward M De Robertis
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biological Chemistry; University of California ; Los Angeles, CA USA
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21
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Liang J, Wang WF, Xie S, Zhang XL, Qi WF, Zhou XP, Hu JX, Shi Q, Yu RT. Expression of β-transducin repeat-containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase in human glioma and its correlation with prognosis. Oncol Lett 2015; 9:2651-2656. [PMID: 26137122 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
β-transducin repeat-containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (β-TrCP) targets a number of substrates essential for specific aspects of tumorigenesis. In addition, β-TrCP regulates various important signaling pathways. As β-TrCP is involved in regulating the ubiquitination and degradation of multiple oncogenes and tumor suppressors, the function of β-TrCP varies between cancer types. At present, the association between β-TrCP expression and clinicopathological factors in glioma is unknown. Therefore, the current study used western blotting and immunohistochemistry to investigate the expression of β-TrCP protein in glioma tissue specimens. It was identified that β-TrCP protein expression levels were significantly lower in glioma compared with non-tumorous human brain tissues. Furthermore, the higher the grade of glioma, the lower the level of β-TrCP expression. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that patients with low β-TrCP expression experienced significantly worse overall survival compared with patients with high β-TrCP expression. The results indicate that downregulation of β-TrCP may be associated with poor survival in patients with glioma. Together, the current data indicates that β-TrCP may be applied as a useful indicator of glioma prognosis and may serve as an anticancer therapeutic target for glioma, however further investigation is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China ; Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Feng Wang
- Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China ; Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Shao Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China ; Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Li Zhang
- Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China ; Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Feng Qi
- Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China ; Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Ping Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China ; Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Xia Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China ; Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China ; Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Ru-Tong Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China ; Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
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22
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Demagny H, Araki T, De Robertis EM. The tumor suppressor Smad4/DPC4 is regulated by phosphorylations that integrate FGF, Wnt, and TGF-β signaling. Cell Rep 2014; 9:688-700. [PMID: 25373906 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Smad4 is a major tumor suppressor currently thought to function constitutively in the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-signaling pathway. Here, we report that Smad4 activity is directly regulated by the Wnt and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pathways through GSK3 and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation sites. FGF activates MAPK, which primes three sequential GSK3 phosphorylations that generate a Wnt-regulated phosphodegron bound by the ubiquitin E3 ligase β-TrCP. In the presence of FGF, Wnt potentiates TGF-β signaling by preventing Smad4 GSK3 phosphorylations that inhibit a transcriptional activation domain located in the linker region. When MAPK is not activated, the Wnt and TGF-β signaling pathways remain insulated from each other. In Xenopus embryos, these Smad4 phosphorylations regulate germ-layer specification and Spemann organizer formation. The results show that three major signaling pathways critical in development and cancer are integrated at the level of Smad4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadrien Demagny
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1662, USA
| | - Tatsuya Araki
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1662, USA
| | - Edward M De Robertis
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1662, USA.
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23
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A design principle underlying the paradoxical roles of E3 ubiquitin ligases. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5573. [PMID: 24994517 PMCID: PMC5381699 DOI: 10.1038/srep05573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
E3 ubiquitin ligases are important cellular components that determine the specificity of proteolysis in the ubiquitin-proteasome system. However, an increasing number of studies have indicated that E3 ubiquitin ligases also participate in transcription. Intrigued by the apparently paradoxical functions of E3 ubiquitin ligases in both proteolysis and transcriptional activation, we investigated the underlying design principles using mathematical modeling. We found that the antagonistic functions integrated in E3 ubiquitin ligases can prevent any undesirable sustained activation of downstream genes when E3 ubiquitin ligases are destabilized by unexpected perturbations. Interestingly, this design principle of the system is similar to the operational principle of a safety interlock device in engineering systems, which prevents a system from abnormal operation unless stability is guaranteed.
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24
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Zeng Z, Huang H, Huang L, Sun M, Yan Q, Song Y, Wei F, Bo H, Gong Z, Zeng Y, Li Q, Zhang W, Li X, Xiang B, Li X, Li Y, Xiong W, Li G. Regulation network and expression profiles of Epstein-Barr virus-encoded microRNAs and their potential target host genes in nasopharyngeal carcinomas. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2014; 57:315-326. [PMID: 24532457 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-013-4577-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tumorigenesis. However, the mechanism(s) connecting EBV infection and NPC remain unclear. Recently, a new class of EBV microRNAs (miRNAs) has been described. To determine how EBV miRNAs control the expression of host genes, and to understand their potential role in NPC tumorigenesis, we profiled the expression of 44 mature EBV miRNAs and potential host genes in NPC and non-tumor nasopharyngeal epithelial tissues. We found that 40 EBV miRNAs from the BART transcript were highly expressed in NPC. Analysis of potential BART miRNA target genes revealed that 3140 genes and several important pathways might be involved in the carcinogenesis of NPC. A total of 105 genes with potential EBV miRNA binding sites were significantly downregulated, suggesting that EBV miRNAs may regulate these genes and contribute to NPC carcinogenesis. An EBV miRNA and host gene regulation network was generated to provide useful clues for validating of EBV miRNA functions in NPC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhaoYang Zeng
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - HongBin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.,Key Laboratory of Information System Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
| | - LiLi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - MengXi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - QiJia Yan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - YaLi Song
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Fang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Hao Bo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - ZhaoJian Gong
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Qiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - WenLing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - XiaYu Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Bo Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - XiaoLing Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Wei Xiong
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China. .,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
| | - GuiYuan Li
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China. .,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
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25
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Al-Salihi MA, Herhaus L, Sapkota GP. Regulation of the transforming growth factor β pathway by reversible ubiquitylation. Open Biol 2013; 2:120082. [PMID: 22724073 PMCID: PMC3376735 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.120082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signalling pathway plays a central role during embryonic development and in adult tissue homeostasis. It regulates gene transcription through a signalling cascade from cell surface receptors to intracellular SMAD transcription factors and their nuclear cofactors. The extent, duration and potency of signalling in response to TGFβ cytokines are intricately regulated by complex biochemical processes. The corruption of these regulatory processes results in aberrant TGFβ signalling and leads to numerous human diseases, including cancer. Reversible ubiquitylation of pathway components is a key regulatory process that plays a critical role in ensuring a balanced response to TGFβ signals. Many studies have investigated the mechanisms by which various E3 ubiquitin ligases regulate the turnover and activity of TGFβ pathway components by ubiquitylation. Moreover, recent studies have shed new light into their regulation by deubiquitylating enzymes. In this report, we provide an overview of current understanding of the regulation of TGFβ signalling by E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitylases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazin A Al-Salihi
- Medical Research Council-Protein Phosphorylation Unit, Sir James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
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26
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RhoT1 and Smad4 are correlated with lymph node metastasis and overall survival in pancreatic cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42234. [PMID: 22860091 PMCID: PMC3409151 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell invasion and metastasis are the most important adverse prognostic factors for pancreatic cancer. Identification of biomarkers associated with outcome of pancreatic cancer may provide new approaches and targets for anticancer therapy. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the expression of RhoT1, Smad4 and p16 and metastasis and survival in patients with pancreatic cancer. The analysis showed that the high cytoplasmic expression levels of RhoT1, Smad4 and p16 in pancreatic cancer tissues had significantly negative correlation with lymph node metastasis (LNM) (P = 0.017, P = 0.032, P = 0.042, respectively). However, no significant association was observed between perineural invasion (PNI) and the expression of above three proteins (all P>0.05). Additionally, the survival analysis showed that the low expression levels of RhoT1 and Smad4 were significantly associated with worse survival (P = 0.034, P = 0.047, respectively). In conclusion, these results indicated that the low-expression levels of RhoT1 and Smad4 were significantly associated with LNM and shorter survival. RhoT1 may be considered as a potential novel marker for predicting the outcome in patients with pancreatic cancer.
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27
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Xu P, Liu J, Derynck R. Post-translational regulation of TGF-β receptor and Smad signaling. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:1871-84. [PMID: 22617150 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Revised: 05/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
TGF-β family signaling through Smads is conceptually a simple and linear signaling pathway, driven by sequential phosphorylation, with type II receptors activating type I receptors, which in turn activate R-Smads. Nevertheless, TGF-β family proteins induce highly complex programs of gene expression responses that are extensively regulated, and depend on the physiological context of the cells. Regulation of TGF-β signaling occurs at multiple levels, including TGF-β activation, formation, activation and destruction of functional TGF-β receptor complexes, activation and degradation of Smads, and formation of Smad transcription complexes at regulatory gene sequences that cooperate with a diverse set of DNA binding transcription factors and coregulators. Here we discuss recent insights into the roles of post-translational modifications and molecular interaction networks in the functions of receptors and Smads in TGF-β signal responses. These layers of regulation demonstrate how a simple signaling system can be coopted to exert exquisitely regulated, complex responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinglong Xu
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, Programs in Cell Biology and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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28
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Abstract
The transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily of signal transduction molecules plays crucial roles in the regulation of cell behavior. TGFβ regulates gene transcription through Smad proteins and signals via non-Smad pathways. The TGFβ pathway is strictly regulated, and perturbations lead to tumorigenesis. Several pathway components are known to be targeted for proteasomal degradation via ubiquitination by E3 ligases. Smurfs are well known negative regulators of TGFβ, which function as E3 ligases recruited by adaptors such as I-Smads. TGFβ signaling can also be enhanced by E3 ligases, such as Arkadia, that target repressors for degradation. It is becoming clear that E3 ligases often target multiple pathways, thereby acting as mediators of signaling cross-talk. Regulation via ubiquitination involves a complex network of E3 ligases, adaptor proteins, and deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), the last-mentioned acting by removing ubiquitin from its targets. Interestingly, also non-degradative ubiquitin modifications are known to play important roles in TGFβ signaling. Ubiquitin modifications thus play a key role in TGFβ signal transduction, and in this review we provide an overview of known players, focusing on recent advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam De Boeck
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Centre for Biomedical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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29
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Kang JM, Park S, Kim SJ, Hong HY, Jeong J, Kim HS, Kim SJ. CBL enhances breast tumor formation by inhibiting tumor suppressive activity of TGF-β signaling. Oncogene 2012; 31:5123-31. [PMID: 22310290 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (CBL) protein family functions as multifunctional adaptor proteins and E3 ubiquitin ligases that are implicated as regulators of signaling in various cell types. Recent discovery revealed mutations of proto-oncogenic CBL in the linker region and RING finger domain in human acute myeloid neoplasm, and these transforming mutations induced carcinogenesis. However, the adaptor function of CBL mediated signaling pathway during tumorigenesis has not been well characterized. Here, we show that CBL is highly expressed in breast cancer cells and significantly inhibits transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) tumor suppressive activity. Knockdown of CBL expression resulted in the increased expression of TGF-β target genes, PAI-I and CDK inhibitors such as p15(INK4b) and p21(Cip1). Furthermore, we demonstrate that CBL is frequently overexpressed in human breast cancer tissues, and the loss of CBL decreases the tumorigenic activity of breast cancer cells in vivo. CBL directly binds to Smad3 through its proline-rich motif, thereby preventing Smad3 from interacting with Smad4 and blocking nuclear translocation of Smad3. CBL-b, one of CBL protein family, also interacted with Smad3 and knockdown of both CBL and CBL-b further enhanced TGF-β transcriptional activity. Our findings provide evidence for a previously undescribed mechanism by which oncogenic CBL can block TGF-β tumor suppressor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
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30
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Soond SM, Chantry A. How ubiquitination regulates the TGF-β signalling pathway: new insights and new players: new isoforms of ubiquitin-activating enzymes in the E1-E3 families join the game. Bioessays 2012; 33:749-58. [PMID: 21932223 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201100057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination of protein species in regulating signal transduction pathways is universally accepted as of fundamental importance for normal development, and defects in this process have been implicated in the progression of many human diseases. One pathway that has received much attention in this context is transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signalling, particularly during the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumour progression. While E3-ubiquitin ligases offer themselves as potential therapeutic targets, much remains to be unveiled regarding mechanisms that culminate in their regulation. With this in mind, the focus of this review highlights the regulation of the ubiquitination pathway and the significance of a recently described group of NEDD4 E3-ubiquitin ligase isoforms in the context of TGF-β pathway regulation. Moreover, we now broaden these observations to incorporate a growing number of protein isoforms within the ubiquitin ligase superfamily as a whole, and discuss their relevance in defining a new 'iso-ubiquitinome'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surinder M Soond
- University of East Anglia, School Of Biological Sciences, Norwich, Norfolk, UK.
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31
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Kwei KA, Shain AH, Bair R, Montgomery K, Karikari CA, van de Rijn M, Hidalgo M, Maitra A, Bashyam MD, Pollack JR. SMURF1 amplification promotes invasiveness in pancreatic cancer. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23924. [PMID: 21887346 PMCID: PMC3161761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a deadly disease, and new therapeutic targets are urgently needed. We previously identified DNA amplification at 7q21-q22 in pancreatic cancer cell lines. Now, by high-resolution genomic profiling of human pancreatic cancer cell lines and human tumors (engrafted in immunodeficient mice to enrich the cancer epithelial fraction), we define a 325 Kb minimal amplicon spanning SMURF1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase and known negative regulator of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) growth inhibitory signaling. SMURF1 amplification was confirmed in primary human pancreatic cancers by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), where 4 of 95 cases (4.2%) exhibited amplification. By RNA interference (RNAi), knockdown of SMURF1 in a human pancreatic cancer line with focal amplification (AsPC-1) did not alter cell growth, but led to reduced cell invasion and anchorage-independent growth. Interestingly, this effect was not mediated through altered TGFβ signaling, assayed by transcriptional reporter. Finally, overexpression of SMURF1 (but not a catalytic mutant) led to loss of contact inhibition in NIH-3T3 mouse embryo fibroblast cells. Together, these findings identify SMURF1 as an amplified oncogene driving multiple tumorigenic phenotypes in pancreatic cancer, and provide a new druggable target for molecularly directed therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A. Kwei
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - A. Hunter Shain
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Ryan Bair
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Kelli Montgomery
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Collins A. Karikari
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Matt van de Rijn
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Manuel Hidalgo
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Clinical Research Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Murali D. Bashyam
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Nampally, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jonathan R. Pollack
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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32
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Pang L, Qiu T, Cao X, Wan M. Apoptotic role of TGF-β mediated by Smad4 mitochondria translocation and cytochrome c oxidase subunit II interaction. Exp Cell Res 2011; 317:1608-20. [PMID: 21324314 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Smad4, originally isolated from the human chromosome 18q21, is a key factor in transducing the signals of the TGF-β superfamily of growth hormones and plays a pivotal role in mediating antimitogenic and proapoptotic effects of TGF-β, but the mechanisms by which Smad4 induces apoptosis are elusive. Here we report that Smad4 directly translocates to the mitochondria of apoptotic cells. Smad4 gene silencing by siRNA inhibits TGF-β-induced apoptosis in Hep3B cells and UV-induced apoptosis in PANC-1 cells. Cell fractionation assays demonstrated that a fraction of Smad4 translocates to mitochondria after long time TGF-β treatment or UV exposure, during which the cells were under apoptosis. Smad4 mitochondria translocation during apoptosis was also confirmed by fluorescence observation of Smad4 colocalization with MitoTracker Red. We searched for mitochondria proteins that have physical interactions with Smad4 using yeast two-hybrid screening approach. DNA sequence analysis identified 34 positive clones, five of which encoded subunits in mitochondria complex IV, i.e., one clone encoded cytochrome c oxidase COXII, three clones encoded COXIII and one clone encoded COXVb. Strong interaction between Smad4 with COXII, an important apoptosis regulator, was verified in yeast by β-gal activity assays and in mammalian cells by immunoprecipitation assays. Further, mitochondrial portion of cells was isolated and the interaction between COXII and Smad4 in mitochondria upon TGF-β treatment or UV exposure was confirmed. Importantly, targeting Smad4 to mitochondria using import leader fusions enhanced TGF-β-induced apoptosis. Collectively, the results suggest that Smad4 promote apoptosis of the cells through its mitochondrial translocation and association with mitochondria protein COXII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Pang
- The Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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33
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Kong B, Michalski CW, Hong X, Valkovskaya N, Rieder S, Abiatari I, Streit S, Erkan M, Esposito I, Friess H, Kleeff J. AZGP1 is a tumor suppressor in pancreatic cancer inducing mesenchymal-to-epithelial transdifferentiation by inhibiting TGF-β-mediated ERK signaling. Oncogene 2010; 29:5146-58. [PMID: 20581862 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transdifferentiation (EMT) mediated by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling leads to aggressive cancer progression. In this study, we identified zinc-α2-glycoprotein (AZGP1, ZAG) as a tumor suppressor in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma whose expression is lost due to histone deacetylation. In vitro, ZAG silencing strikingly increased invasiveness of pancreatic cancer cells accompanied by the induction of a mesenchymal phenotype. Expression analysis of a set of EMT markers showed an increase in the expression of mesenchymal markers (vimentin (VIM) and integrin-α5) and a concomitant reduction in the expression of epithelial markers (cadherin 1 (CDH1), desmoplakin and keratin-19). Blockade of endogenous TGF-β signaling inhibited these morphological changes and the downregulation of CDH1, as elicited by ZAG silencing. In a ZAG-negative cell line, human recombinant ZAG (rZAG) specifically inhibited exogenous TGF-β-mediated tumor cell invasion and VIM expression. Furthermore, rZAG blocked TGF-β-mediated ERK2 phosphorylation. PCR array analysis revealed that ZAG-induced epithelial transdifferentiation was accompanied by a series of concerted cellular events including a shift in the energy metabolism and prosurvival signals. Thus, epigenetically regulated ZAG is a novel tumor suppressor essential for maintaining an epithelial phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kong
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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34
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Dempe S, Stroh-Dege AY, Schwarz E, Rommelaere J, Dinsart C. SMAD4: a predictive marker of PDAC cell permissiveness for oncolytic infection with parvovirus H-1PV. Int J Cancer 2010; 126:2914-27. [PMID: 19856310 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents the eighth frequent solid tumor and fourth leading cause of cancer death. Because current treatments against PDAC are still unsatisfactory, new anticancer strategies are required, including oncolytic viruses. Among these, autonomous parvoviruses (PV), like MVMp (minute virus of mice) and H-1PV are being explored as candidates for cancer gene therapy. Human PDAC cell lines were identified to display various susceptibilities to an infection with H-1PV. The correlation between the integrity of the transcription factor SMAD4, mutated in 50% of all PDAC, and H-1PV permissiveness was particularly striking. Indeed, mutation or deletion of SMAD4 dramatically reduced the activity of the P4 promoter and, consequently, the accumulation of the pivotal NS1 protein. By means of DNA affinity immunoblotting, novel binding sites for SMAD4 and c-JUN transcription factors could be identified in the P4 promoter of H-1PV. The overexpression of wild-type SMAD4 in deficient cell lines (AsPC-1, Capan-1) stimulated the activity of the P4 promoter, whereas interference of endogenous SMAD4 function with a dominant-negative mutant decreased the viral promoter activity in wild-type SMAD4-expressing cells (Panc-1, MiaPaCa-2) reducing progeny virus production. In conclusion, the importance of members of the SMAD family for H-1PV early promoter P4 activity should guide us to select SMAD4-positive PDACs, which may be possible targets for an H-1PV-based cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Dempe
- Abt F010, Infection and Cancer Program, Tumor Virology Division, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, Heidelberg, Germany
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35
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Zhang Q, Meng Y, Zhang L, Chen J, Zhu D. RNF13: a novel RING-type ubiquitin ligase over-expressed in pancreatic cancer. Cell Res 2009; 19:348-57. [PMID: 18794910 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2008.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein ubiquitination by E3 ubiquitin ligases plays an important role in cancer development. In this study, we provide experimental evidence that a RING-finger-containing protein RNF13 is an ER/Golgi membrane-associated E3 ubiquitin ligase and its RING finger domain is required for the ubiquitin ligase activity. Immunohistochemical analysis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and paracancerous normal tissues from 72 patients documented RNF13 over-expression in 30 tumor samples (41.7%, 30/72), and its expression was significantly associated with histological grading (P = 0.024). In addition, RNF13 was detected in precancerous lesions: tubular complexes in chronic pancreatitis (CP) and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) (79.3%, 23/29 and 62.8%, 22/35, respectively). Moreover, RNF13 staining was significantly correlated with Tenascin-C expression (P = 0.004) in PDAC samples, further supporting the role of RNF13 in cancer progression. Over-expression of wild type but not RING domain-mutant RNF13 in pancreatic MiaPaca-2 cancer cells increased invasive potential and gelatinolytic activity by matrix metalloproteinase-9. Taken together, these findings reveal that RNF13 is a novel E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in pancreatic carcinogenesis; ubiquitin-mediated modification of proteins by RNF13 may participate in pancreatic cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing, China
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36
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Li J, Wang Y, Yang C, Wang P, Oelschlager DK, Zheng Y, Tian DA, Grizzle WE, Buchsbaum DJ, Wan M. Polyethylene Glycosylated Curcumin Conjugate Inhibits Pancreatic Cancer Cell Growth through Inactivation of Jab1. Mol Pharmacol 2009; 76:81-90. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.109.054551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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37
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Wan M, Yang C, Li J, Wu X, Yuan H, Ma H, He X, Nie S, Chang C, Cao X. Parathyroid hormone signaling through low-density lipoprotein-related protein 6. Genes Dev 2009; 22:2968-79. [PMID: 18981475 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1702708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Intermittent administration of PTH stimulates bone formation, but the precise mechanisms responsible for PTH responses in osteoblasts are only incompletely understood. Here we show that binding of PTH to its receptor PTH1R induced association of LRP6, a coreceptor of Wnt, with PTH1R. The formation of the ternary complex containing PTH, PTH1R, and LRP6 promoted rapid phosphorylation of LRP6, which resulted in the recruitment of axin to LRP6, and stabilization of beta-catenin. Activation of PKA is essential for PTH-induced beta-catenin stabilization, but not for Wnt signaling. In vivo studies confirmed that PTH treatment led to phosphorylation of LRP6 and an increase in amount of beta-catenin in osteoblasts with a concurrent increase in bone formation in rat. Thus, LRP6 coreceptor is a key element of the PTH signaling that regulates osteoblast activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA.
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38
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Gordon KJ, Kirkbride KC, How T, Blobe GC. Bone morphogenetic proteins induce pancreatic cancer cell invasiveness through a Smad1-dependent mechanism that involves matrix metalloproteinase-2. Carcinogenesis 2008; 30:238-48. [PMID: 19056927 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgn274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have an emerging role in human cancers. Here we demonstrate that the BMP-signaling pathway is intact and functional in human pancreatic cancer cells, with several BMP signaling components and transcriptional targets upregulated in human pancreatic cancer specimens compared with normal pancreatic tissue. Functionally, multiple BMP family members, including BMP-2, BMP-4 and BMP-7, induce an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the human pancreatic cancer cell line Panc-1, as demonstrated by morphological alterations and loss of E-cadherin expression. BMP-mediated EMT results in an increase in invasiveness of Panc-1 cells, in part through increased expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, a known mediator of pancreatic cancer cell invasiveness. Accompanying EMT, BMP reduces expression of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta superfamily receptor, transforming growth factor-beta type III receptor (TbetaRIII), for which we have previously demonstrated loss of expression during pancreatic cancer progression. Maintaining TbetaRIII expression inhibits BMP-mediated invasion and suppresses Smad1 activation. Further, Smad1 is required for BMP-induced invasiveness and partially responsible for BMP-mediated increases in MMP-2 activity. These data suggest that BMP signaling, through Smad1 induction and upregulation of MMP-2, is an important mediator of pancreatic cancer invasiveness and a potential therapeutic target for treating this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J Gordon
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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39
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Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) represents a large family of growth and differentiation factors that mobilize complex signaling networks to regulate cellular differentiation, proliferation, motility, adhesion, and apoptosis. TGF-beta signaling is tightly regulated by multiple complex mechanisms, and its deregulation plays a key role in the progression of many forms of cancer. Upon ligand binding, TGF-beta signals are transduced by Smad proteins, which in turn are tightly dependent on modulation by adaptor proteins such as embryonic liver fodrin, Smad anchor for receptor activation, filamin, and crkl. A further layer of regulation is imposed by ubiquitin-mediated targeting and proteasomal degradation of specific components of the TGF-beta signaling pathway. This review focuses on the ubiquitinators that regulate TGF-beta signaling and the association of these ubiquitin ligases with various forms of cancer. Delineating the role of ubiquitinators in the TGF-beta signaling pathway could yield powerful novel therapeutic targets for designing new cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Glasgow
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Digestive Diseases, and GI Developmental Biology, Department of Surgery, Medicine and Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
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40
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Wrighton KH, Feng XH. To (TGF)beta or not to (TGF)beta: fine-tuning of Smad signaling via post-translational modifications. Cell Signal 2008; 20:1579-91. [PMID: 18387785 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2008.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2008] [Accepted: 02/06/2008] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Smad proteins are key signal transducers for the TGF-beta superfamily and are frequently inactivated in human cancers, yet the molecular basis of how their levels and activities are regulated remains unclear. Recent progress, discussed herein, illustrates the critical roles of Smad post-translational modifications in the cellular outcome to TGF-beta signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine H Wrighton
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Ross S, Hill CS. How the Smads regulate transcription. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2007; 40:383-408. [PMID: 18061509 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2007.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2007] [Revised: 09/19/2007] [Accepted: 09/20/2007] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The primary signalling pathway downstream of ligands of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) superfamily is the Smad pathway. Activated receptors phosphorylate receptor-regulated Smads, which form homomeric complexes and heteromeric complexes with Smad4. These activated Smad complexes accumulate in the nucleus, where they are directly involved in the regulation of transcription of target genes. This apparently very simple pathway is subject to complex regulation, much of which is at the level of post-translational modifications of pathway components, in particular, the Smads. The enzymes responsible may be constitutively active, may be cell type-specific or may be regulated by other signalling pathways or by the cell cycle. In this way, signals from TGF-beta superfamily ligands are integrated with signals from other growth factors and cytokines, are regulated by the cell cycle and are dependent on cell type. This may go some way to explaining the pleiotropic nature of TGF-beta superfamily responses. In this review we focus on the mechanisms whereby the Smads are modified and regulated. We then go on to discuss how the activated Smad complexes regulate transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ross
- Laboratory of Developmental Signalling, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratories, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PX, United Kingdom
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Wang LH, Kim SH, Lee JH, Choi YL, Kim YC, Park TS, Hong YC, Wu CF, Shin YK. Inactivation of SMAD4 tumor suppressor gene during gastric carcinoma progression. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:102-10. [PMID: 17200344 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-1467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mothers against decapentaplegic homologue 4 (SMAD4) is a tumor suppressor gene associated with gastrointestinal carcinogenesis. The aim of the present study is to more precisely characterize its role in the development and progression of human gastric carcinoma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The expression of SMAD4 was investigated in 283 gastric adenocarcinomas and related lesions, as well as in 9 gastric carcinoma cell lines. We also analyzed the methylation status of SMAD4 gene by using methylation-specific PCR, examined loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of this gene locus by using a vicinal marker, and detected exon mutation of SMAD4 through exon-by-exon amplification. Moreover, we assessed whether MG132, a proteasome inhibitor, affected the SMAD4 protein level. RESULTS We found loss of SMAD4 protein expression in the cytoplasm (36 of 114, 32%) and in the nucleus (46 of 114, 40%) of gastric cancer cells. The loss of nuclear SMAD4 expression in primary tumors correlated significantly with poor survival, and was an independent prognostic marker in multivariate analysis. We also found a substantial decrease in SMAD4 expression at both the RNA and protein level in several human gastric carcinoma cell lines. In addition, we found that LOH (20 of 70, 29%) and promoter hypermethylation (4 of 73, 5%) were associated with the loss of SMAD4 expression. SMAD4 protein levels were also affected in certain gastric carcinoma cell lines following incubation with MG132. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results indicate that the loss of SMAD4, especially loss of nuclear SMAD4 expression, is involved in gastric cancer progression. The loss of SMAD4 in gastric carcinomas was due to several mechanisms, including LOH, hypermethylation, and proteasome degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hui Wang
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmacy, Seoul National University College of Pharmacy, Seoul, Korea
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Chen C, Seth AK, Aplin AE. Genetic and expression aberrations of E3 ubiquitin ligases in human breast cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2007; 4:695-707. [PMID: 17050664 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-06-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies revealed that E3 ubiquitin ligases play important roles in breast carcinogenesis. Clinical research studies have found that (epi)-genetic (deletion, amplification, mutation, and promoter methylation) and expression aberration of E3s are frequent in human breast cancer. Furthermore, many studies have suggested that many E3s are either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in breast cancer. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of E3s, which have genetic and/or expression aberration in breast cancer. Most cancer-related E3s regulate the cell cycle, p53, transcription, DNA repair, cell signaling, or apoptosis. An understanding of the oncogenic potential of the E3s may facilitate identifying and developing individual E3s as diagnosis markers and drug targets in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceshi Chen
- The Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
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Abstract
In the last several years, multiple lines of evidence have suggested that the COP9 signalosome (CSN) plays a significant role in the regulation of multiple cancers and could be an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. First, the CSN plays a key role in the regulation of Cullin-containing ubiquitin E3 ligases that are central mediators of a variety of cellular functions essential during cancer progression. Second, several studies suggest that the individual subunits of the CSN, particularly CSN5, might regulate oncogenic and tumor suppressive functions independently of, or coordinately with, the CSN holocomplex. Thus, deregulation of CSN subunit function can have a dramatic effect on diverse cellular functions, including the maintenance of DNA fidelity, cell cycle control, DNA repair, angiogenesis, and microenvironmental homeostasis that are critical for tumor development. Additionally, clinical studies have suggested that the expression or localization of some CSN subunits correlate to disease progression or clinical outcome in a variety of tumor types. Although the study of CSN function in relation to tumor progression is in its infancy, this review will address current studies in relation to cancer initiation, progression, and potential for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine S Richardson
- Department of Pharmacology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Yang L, Wang N, Tang Y, Cao X, Wan M. Acute myelogenous leukemia–derivedSMAD4 mutations target the protein to ubiquitin-proteasome degradation. Hum Mutat 2006; 27:897-905. [PMID: 16865698 DOI: 10.1002/humu.20387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of transforming growth factor-beta (TGFB1/TGF-beta) signaling contributes to the formation of human hematological malignancies. Smad4, a tumor suppressor, functions as an essential intracellular signal transducer of the TGF-beta signaling pathway. Recent studies have demonstrated that some tumor-derived mutations of Smad4 are associated with protein instability; however, the precise mechanism by which mutated Smad4 proteins undergo rapid degradation remains to be elucidated. A missense mutation of the SMAD4 gene in the Mad homology 1 (MH1) domain (c.305C>T, Pro102Leu) and one frameshift mutation resulting in termination in the Mad homology 2 (MH2) domain (c.1447_1448insAATA, Delta483-552) have been identified in acute myelogenous leukemia. It is not known whether protein instability of these SMAD4 mutants is one of the contributors to TGF-beta signaling disruption in acute myelogenous leukemia. Here we report that these two acute myelogenous leukemia-derived SMAD4 mutants are degraded rapidly when compared to their wild-type counterpart. We have demonstrated that both mutated proteins exhibit enhanced polyubiquitination (or polyubiquitylation) and proteasomal degradation. Importantly, we found that beta-transducin-repeat-containing protein 1 (beta-TrCP1), an F-box protein in the ubiquitin E3 ligase Skp1-Cullin-F-box protein (SCF) complex, directly interacts with and acts as a critical determinant for degradation of both mutated SMAD4 proteins. In addition, small interference RNA (siRNA)-triggered endogenous beta-TrCP1 suppression increased the protein expression level of both overexpressed SMAD4 mutants and endogenous mutated SMAD4 protein in acute myelogenous leukemia cells. These data suggest that mutated SMAD4 proteins undergo rapid degradation in acute myelogenous leukemia cells via SCF(beta-TrCP1) E3 ligase-mediated protein ubiquitination (or ubiquitylation) and subsequent proteasomal degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
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