1
|
Fernandez A, Monsen PJ, Platanias LC, Schiltz GE. Medicinal chemistry approaches to target the MNK-eIF4E axis in cancer. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1060-1087. [PMID: 37360400 PMCID: PMC10285747 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00121k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant translation of proteins that promote cell proliferation is an essential factor that defines oncogenic processes and cancer. The process for ribosomal translation of proteins from mRNA requires an essential initiation step which is controlled by the protein eIF4E, which binds the RNA 5'-cap and forms the eIF4F complex that subsequently translates protein. Typically, eIF4E is activated by phosphorylation on Ser209 by MNK1 and MNK2 kinases. Substantial work has shown that eIF4E and MNK1/2 are dysregulated in many cancers and this axis has therefore become an active area of interest for developing new cancer therapeutics. This review summarizes and discusses recent work to develop small molecules that target different steps in the MNK-eIF4E axis as potential cancer therapeutics. The aim of this review is to cover the breadth of different molecular approaches being taken and the medicinal chemistry basis for their optimization and testing as new cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Fernandez
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Paige J Monsen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Leonidas C Platanias
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center Chicago IL 60611 USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Chicago IL 60611 USA
- Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center Chicago IL 60612 USA
| | - Gary E Schiltz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center Chicago IL 60611 USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL 60611 USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lucchesi CA, Zhang J, Gao M, Shaw J, Chen X. Identification of a First-in-Class Small-Molecule Inhibitor of the EIF4E-RBM38 Complex That Enhances Wild-type TP53 Protein Translation for Tumor Growth Suppression. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:726-736. [PMID: 36940176 PMCID: PMC10866396 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-22-0627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
EIF4E, an mRNA cap-binding protein, is necessary for cap-dependent translation. Overexpression of EIF4E is known to promote cancer development by preferentially translating a group of oncogenic mRNAs. Thus, 4EGI-1, a disruptor of EIF4E-EIF4G1 interaction, was developed to inhibit oncoprotein expression for cancer therapy. Interestingly, RBM38, an RNA-binding protein, interacts with EIF4E on TP53 mRNA, prevents EIF4E from binding to TP53 mRNA cap, and inhibits TP53 expression. Thus, Pep8, an eight amino acid peptide derived from RBM38, was developed to disrupt the EIF4E-RBM38 complex, leading to increased TP53 expression and decreased tumor cell growth. Herein, we have developed a first-in-class small-molecule compound 094, which interacts with EIF4E via the same pocket as does Pep8, dissociates RBM38 from EIF4E, and enhances TP53 translation in RBM38- and EIF4E-dependent manners. Structure-activity relationship studies identified that both the fluorobenzene and ethyl benzamide are necessary for compound 094 to interact with EIF4E. Furthermore, we showed that compound 094 is capable of suppressing three-dimensional tumor spheroid growth in RBM38- and TP53-dependent manners. In addition, we found that compound 094 cooperates with the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin and EIF4E inhibitor 4EGI-1 to suppress tumor cell growth. Collectively, we showed that two distinct approaches can be used together to target EIF4E for cancer therapy by enhancing wild-type TP53 expression (094) and by suppressing oncoprotein expression (4EGI-1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Lucchesi
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California
| | - Jin Zhang
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California
| | - Mingchun Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Jared Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Xinbin Chen
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang L, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Qiu L, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Han J, Xie J. Translational Regulation by eIFs and RNA Modifications in Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:2050. [PMID: 36360287 PMCID: PMC9690228 DOI: 10.3390/genes13112050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Translation is a fundamental process in all living organisms that involves the decoding of genetic information in mRNA by ribosomes and translation factors. The dysregulation of mRNA translation is a common feature of tumorigenesis. Protein expression reflects the total outcome of multiple regulatory mechanisms that change the metabolism of mRNA pathways from synthesis to degradation. Accumulated evidence has clarified the role of an increasing amount of mRNA modifications at each phase of the pathway, resulting in translational output. Translation machinery is directly affected by mRNA modifications, influencing translation initiation, elongation, and termination or altering mRNA abundance and subcellular localization. In this review, we focus on the translation initiation factors associated with cancer as well as several important RNA modifications, for which we describe their association with cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linzhu Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Clinical College of Southwest Jiao Tong University, Chengdu 610014, China
| | - Yaguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Su Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junhong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiang Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Clinical College of Southwest Jiao Tong University, Chengdu 610014, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Expression of eIF4E Gene in Glioma and Its Sensitivity to Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5413035. [PMID: 36225177 PMCID: PMC9550436 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5413035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective Increased expression of eIF4E has been observed in various cancers, which makes eIF4E an attractive target of anticancer drugs. This study mainly discussed eIF4E gene expression in glioma and its sensitivity to oxidative stress (OS). Methods Relevant data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database regarding eIF4E gene expression and its prognostic significance in glioma samples were analyzed. Additionally, we measured eIF4E at mRNA and protein levels in clinical samples collected between July 2019 and September 2021, as well as glioma cell strains. U251 cells cultured in vitro were treated with OS injury induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and then transfected with si-eIF4E to determine changes in cell multiplication, invasiveness, and migration capacities as well as apoptosis rate. ELISA quantified cell malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) concentrations, and flow cytometry measured reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. Results In glioma samples from the TCGA database, eIF4E showed obviously elevated levels in LGG and GBM patients, which was usually associated with adverse patient prognosis (P < 0.05). eIF4E was also upregulated in glioma cell strains than in HBE cells. In comparison with the blank control group, transfection of si-eIF4E statistically suppressed the capacity of U251 cells to proliferate, invade and migrate, and enhance apoptosis rate, while reducing SOD and GSH-Px and increasing MDA and ROS. In addition, H2O2 induced the upregulation of eIF4E in U251 cells. H2O2 + si-eIF4E exhibited reduced multiplication and number of clone cell formation, invasion, and migration of U251 cells, as well as increased apoptosis rate than H2O2 + si-NC group. Conclusions eIF4E is highly expressed in glioma. Knocking down eIF4E can effectively inhibit the capacity of U251 to proliferate, invade and migrate, and significantly increase apoptosis. In addition, eIF4E knock-down is able to lower OS reaction under H2O2 inducement and enhance U251 cells' sensitivity to OS.
Collapse
|
5
|
Alboushi L, Hackett AP, Naeli P, Bakhti M, Jafarnejad SM. Multifaceted control of mRNA translation machinery in cancer. Cell Signal 2021; 84:110037. [PMID: 33975011 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The mRNA translation machinery is tightly regulated through several, at times overlapping, mechanisms that modulate its efficiency and accuracy. Due to their fast rate of growth and metabolism, cancer cells require an excessive amount of mRNA translation and protein synthesis. However, unfavorable conditions, such as hypoxia, amino acid starvation, and oxidative stress, which are abundant in cancer, as well as many anti-cancer treatments inhibit mRNA translation. Cancer cells adapt to the various internal and environmental stresses by employing specialised transcript-specific translation to survive and gain a proliferative advantage. We will highlight the major signaling pathways and mechanisms of translation that regulate the global or mRNA-specific translation in response to the intra- or extra-cellular signals and stresses that are key components in the process of tumourigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilas Alboushi
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Angela P Hackett
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Parisa Naeli
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Mostafa Bakhti
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Seyed Mehdi Jafarnejad
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fischer PD, Papadopoulos E, Dempersmier JM, Wang ZF, Nowak RP, Donovan KA, Kalabathula J, Gorgulla C, Junghanns PPM, Kabha E, Dimitrakakis N, Petrov OI, Mitsiades C, Ducho C, Gelev V, Fischer ES, Wagner G, Arthanari H. A biphenyl inhibitor of eIF4E targeting an internal binding site enables the design of cell-permeable PROTAC-degraders. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 219:113435. [PMID: 33892272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) is the master regulator of cap-dependent protein synthesis. Overexpression of eIF4E is implicated in diseases such as cancer, where dysregulation of oncogenic protein translation is frequently observed. eIF4E has been an attractive target for cancer treatment. Here we report a high-resolution X-ray crystal structure of eIF4E in complex with a novel inhibitor (i4EG-BiP) that targets an internal binding site, in contrast to the previously described inhibitor, 4EGI-1, which binds to the surface. We demonstrate that i4EG-BiP is able to displace the scaffold protein eIF4G and inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells. We provide insights into how i4EG-BiP is able to inhibit cap-dependent translation by increasing the eIF4E-4E-BP1 interaction while diminishing the interaction of eIF4E with eIF4G. Leveraging structural details, we designed proteolysis targeted chimeras (PROTACs) derived from 4EGI-1 and i4EG-BiP and characterized these on biochemical and cellular levels. We were able to design PROTACs capable of binding eIF4E and successfully engaging Cereblon, which targets proteins for proteolysis. However, these initial PROTACs did not successfully stimulate degradation of eIF4E, possibly due to competitive effects from 4E-BP1 binding. Our results highlight challenges of targeted proteasomal degradation of eIF4E that must be addressed by future efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick D Fischer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany
| | - Evangelos Papadopoulos
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Jon M Dempersmier
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Zi-Fu Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Radosław P Nowak
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Katherine A Donovan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Joann Kalabathula
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Christoph Gorgulla
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Pierre P M Junghanns
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany
| | - Eihab Kabha
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nikolaos Dimitrakakis
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ognyan I Petrov
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University, 1 James Bourchier Blvd., 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Christian Ducho
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany
| | - Vladimir Gelev
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University, 1 James Bourchier Blvd., 1164, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Eric S Fischer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Gerhard Wagner
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Haribabu Arthanari
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jiang SL, Mo JL, Peng J, Lei L, Yin JY, Zhou HH, Liu ZQ, Hong WX. Targeting translation regulators improves cancer therapy. Genomics 2020; 113:1247-1256. [PMID: 33189778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Deregulation of protein synthesis may be involved in multiple aspects of cancer, such as gene expression, signal transduction and drive specific cell biological responses, resulting in promoting cancer growth, invasion and metastasis. Study the molecular mechanisms about translational control may help us to find more effective anti-cancer drugs and develop novel therapeutic opportunities. Recently, the researchers had focused on targeting translational machinery to overcome cancer, and various small molecular inhibitors targeting translation factors or pathways have been tested in clinical trials and exhibited improving outcomes in several cancer types. There is no doubt that an insight into the class of translation regulation protein would provide new target for pharmacologic intervention and further provide opportunities to develop novel anti-tumor therapeutic interventions. In this review, we summarized the developments of translational control in cancer survival and progression et al, and highlighted the therapeutic approach targeted translation regulation to overcome the cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Long Jiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Jun-Luan Mo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China; Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518020, PR China
| | - Ji Peng
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518020, PR China
| | - Lin Lei
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518020, PR China
| | - Ji-Ye Yin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Zhao-Qian Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China.
| | - Wen-Xu Hong
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518020, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rahem SM, Epsi NJ, Coffman FD, Mitrofanova A. Genome-wide analysis of therapeutic response uncovers molecular pathways governing tamoxifen resistance in ER+ breast cancer. EBioMedicine 2020; 61:103047. [PMID: 33099086 PMCID: PMC7585053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prioritization of breast cancer patients based on the risk of resistance to tamoxifen plays a significant role in personalized therapeutic planning and improving disease course and outcomes. Methods In this work, we demonstrate that a genome-wide pathway-centric computational framework elucidates molecular pathways as markers of tamoxifen resistance in ER+ breast cancer patients. In particular, we associated activity levels of molecular pathways with a wide spectrum of response to tamoxifen, which defined markers of tamoxifen resistance in patients with ER+ breast cancer. Findings We identified five biological pathways as markers of tamoxifen failure and demonstrated their ability to predict the risk of tamoxifen resistance in two independent patient cohorts (Test cohort1: log-rank p-value = 0.02, adjusted HR = 3.11; Test cohort2: log-rank p-value = 0.01, adjusted HR = 4.24). We have shown that these pathways are not markers of aggressiveness and outperform known markers of tamoxifen response. Furthermore, for adoption into clinic, we derived a list of pathway read-out genes and their associated scoring system, which assigns a risk of tamoxifen resistance for new incoming patients. Interpretation We propose that the identified pathways and their read-out genes can be utilized to prioritize patients who would benefit from tamoxifen treatment and patients at risk of tamoxifen resistance that should be offered alternative regimens. Funding This work was supported by the Rutgers SHP Dean's research grant, Rutgers start-up funds, Libyan Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, and Katrina Kehlet Graduate Award from The NJ Chapter of the Healthcare Information Management Systems Society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarra M Rahem
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Rutgers School of Health Professions, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, USA
| | - Nusrat J Epsi
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Rutgers School of Health Professions, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, USA
| | - Frederick D Coffman
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Rutgers School of Health Professions, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, USA; Department of Physician Assistant Studies and Practice, USA; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07107, USA
| | - Antonina Mitrofanova
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Rutgers School of Health Professions, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Taylor J, Yeomans AM, Packham G. Targeted inhibition of mRNA translation initiation factors as a novel therapeutic strategy for mature B-cell neoplasms. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2020; 1:3-25. [PMID: 32924027 PMCID: PMC7116065 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2020.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer development is frequently associated with dysregulation of mRNA translation to enhance both increased global protein synthesis and translation of specific mRNAs encoding oncoproteins. Thus, targeted inhibition of mRNA translation is viewed as a promising new approach for cancer therapy. In this article we review current progress in investigating dysregulation of mRNA translation initiation in mature B-cell neoplasms, focusing on chronic lymphocytic leukemia, follicular lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. We discuss mechanisms and regulation of mRNA translation, potential pathways by which genetic alterations and the tumor microenvironment alters mRNA translation in malignant B cells, preclinical evaluation of drugs targeted against specific eukaryotic initiation factors and current progress towards clinical development. Overall, inhibition of mRNA translation initiation factors is an exciting and promising area for development of novel targeted anti-tumor drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joe Taylor
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Alison M Yeomans
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Packham
- Cancer Research UK Centre, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kats IR, Klann E. Translating from cancer to the brain: regulation of protein synthesis by eIF4F. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 26:332-342. [PMID: 31416906 PMCID: PMC6699409 DOI: 10.1101/lm.050047.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Formation of eukaryotic initiation factor 4F (eIF4F) is widely considered to be the rate-limiting step in cap-dependent translation initiation. Components of eIF4F are often up-regulated in various cancers, and much work has been done to elucidate the role of each of the translation initiation factors in cancer cell growth and survival. In fact, many of the basic mechanisms describing how eIF4F is assembled and how it functions to regulate translation initiation were first investigated in cancer cell lines. These same eIF4F translational control pathways also are relevant for neuronal signaling that underlies long-lasting synaptic plasticity and memory, and in neurological diseases where eIF4F and its upstream regulators are dysregulated. Although eIF4F is important in cancer and for brain function, there is not always a clear path to use the results of studies performed in cancer models to inform one of the roles that the same translation factors have in neuronal signaling. Issues arise when extrapolating from cell lines to tissue, and differences are likely to exist in how eIF4F and its upstream regulatory pathways are expressed in the diverse neuronal subtypes found in the brain. This review focuses on summarizing the role of eIF4F and its accessory proteins in cancer, and how this information has been utilized to investigate neuronal signaling, synaptic function, and animal behavior. Certain aspects of eIF4F regulation are consistent across cancer and neuroscience, whereas some results are more complicated to interpret, likely due to differences in the complexity of the brain, its billions of neurons and synapses, and its diverse cell types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilona R Kats
- Sackler Graduate Program, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.,Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - Eric Klann
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA.,NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mohibi S, Chen X, Zhang J. Cancer the'RBP'eutics-RNA-binding proteins as therapeutic targets for cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 203:107390. [PMID: 31302171 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play a critical role in the regulation of various RNA processes, including splicing, cleavage and polyadenylation, transport, translation and degradation of coding RNAs, non-coding RNAs and microRNAs. Recent studies indicate that RBPs not only play an instrumental role in normal cellular processes but have also emerged as major players in the development and spread of cancer. Herein, we review the current knowledge about RNA binding proteins and their role in tumorigenesis as well as the potential to target RBPs for cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shakur Mohibi
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, United States
| | - Xinbin Chen
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, United States
| | - Jin Zhang
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Robichaud N, Sonenberg N, Ruggero D, Schneider RJ. Translational Control in Cancer. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:cshperspect.a032896. [PMID: 29959193 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a032896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The translation of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) into proteins is a key event in the regulation of gene expression. This is especially true in the cancer setting, as many oncogenes and transforming events are regulated at this level. Cancer-promoting factors that are translationally regulated include cyclins, antiapoptotic factors, proangiogenic factors, regulators of cell metabolism, prometastatic factors, immune modulators, and proteins involved in DNA repair. This review discusses the diverse means by which cancer cells deregulate and reprogram translation, and the resulting oncogenic impacts, providing insights into the complexity of translational control in cancer and its targeting for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Robichaud
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Nahum Sonenberg
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Davide Ruggero
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Departments of Urology and of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Robert J Schneider
- NYU School of Medicine, Alexandria Center for Life Science, New York, New York 10016
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kaur T, Menon A, Garner AL. Synthesis of 7-benzylguanosine cap-analogue conjugates for eIF4E targeted degradation. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 166:339-350. [PMID: 30735900 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) is a key player in the initiation of cap-dependent translation through recognition of the m7GpppX cap at the 5' terminus of coding mRNAs. As eIF4E overexpression has been observed in a number of human diseases, most notably cancer, targeting this oncogenic translation initiation factor has emerged as a promising strategy for the development of novel anti-cancer therapeutics. Toward this end, in the present study, we have rationally designed a series of Bn7GxP-based PROTACs for the targeted degradation of eIF4E. Herein we describe our synthetic efforts, in addition to biochemical and cellular characterization of these compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanpreet Kaur
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Arya Menon
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Amanda L Garner
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Haghandish N, Baldwin RM, Morettin A, Dawit HT, Adhikary H, Masson JY, Mazroui R, Trinkle-Mulcahy L, Côté J. PRMT7 methylates eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α and regulates its role in stress granule formation. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:778-793. [PMID: 30699057 PMCID: PMC6589776 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-05-0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are a family of enzymes that modify proteins by methylating the guanidino nitrogen atoms of arginine residues to regulate cellular processes such as chromatin remodeling, pre-mRNA splicing, and signal transduction. PRMT7 is the single type III PRMT solely capable of arginine monomethylation. To date, other than histone proteins, there are very few identified substrates of PRMT7. We therefore performed quantitative mass spectrometry experiments to identify PRMT7’s interactome and potential substrates to better characterize the enzyme’s biological function(s) in cells. These experiments revealed that PRMT7 interacts with and can methylate eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α), in vitro and in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, we uncovered a potential regulatory interplay between eIF2α arginine methylation by PRMT7 and stress-induced phosphorylation status of eIF2α at serine 51. Finally, we demonstrated that PRMT7 is required for eIF2α-dependent stress granule formation in the face of various cellular stresses. Altogether, our findings implicate PRMT7 as a novel mediator of eIF2α-dependent cellular stress response pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Haghandish
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - R Mitchell Baldwin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Alan Morettin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Haben Tesfu Dawit
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Hemanta Adhikary
- Oncology Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada.,Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jean-Yves Masson
- Oncology Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada.,Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Rachid Mazroui
- Oncology Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada.,Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Laura Trinkle-Mulcahy
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Côté
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Unterluggauer JJ, Prochazka K, Tomazic PV, Huber HJ, Seeboeck R, Fechter K, Steinbauer E, Gruber V, Feichtinger J, Pichler M, Weniger MA, Küppers R, Sill H, Schicho R, Neumeister P, Beham-Schmid C, Deutsch AJA, Haybaeck J. Expression profile of translation initiation factor eIF2B5 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and its correlation to clinical outcome. Blood Cancer J 2018; 8:79. [PMID: 30190479 PMCID: PMC6127263 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-018-0112-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julia J Unterluggauer
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Peter V Tomazic
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Heinrich J Huber
- Institute for Automation Engineering, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rita Seeboeck
- Department Life Sciences, IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Karoline Fechter
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Steinbauer
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Verena Gruber
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Julia Feichtinger
- Institute of Computational Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Omics Center Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Pichler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Marc A Weniger
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ralf Küppers
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heinz Sill
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Schicho
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Neumeister
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christine Beham-Schmid
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
VENTURI V, MASEK T, POSPISEK M. A Blood Pact: the Significance and Implications of eIF4E on Lymphocytic Leukemia. Physiol Res 2018. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) are implicated in neoplasia, with cumulative evidence pointing to its role in the etiopathogenesis of hematological diseases. As a node of convergence for several oncogenic signaling pathways, eIF4E has attracted a great deal of interest from biologists and clinicians whose efforts have been targeting this translation factor and its biological circuits in the battle against leukemia. The role of eIF4E in myeloid leukemia has been ascertained and drugs targeting its functions have found their place in clinical trials. Little is known, however, about the pertinence of eIF4E to the biology of lymphocytic leukemia and a paucity of literature is available in this regard that prospectively evaluates the topic to guide practice in hematological cancer. A comprehensive analysis on the significance of eIF4E translation factor in the clinical picture of leukemia arises, therefore, as a compelling need. This review presents aspects of eIF4E involvement in the realm of the lymphoblastic leukemia status; translational control of immunological function via eIF4E and the state-of-the-art in drugs will also be outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M. POSPISEK
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Burwick N, Aktas BH. The eIF2-alpha kinase HRI: a potential target beyond the red blood cell. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:1171-1177. [PMID: 29063813 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1397133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The eIF2α kinase heme-regulated inhibitor (HRI) is one of four well-described kinases that phosphorylate eIF2α in response to various cell stressors, resulting in reduced ternary complex formation and attenuation of mRNA translation. Although HRI is well known for its role as a heme sensor in erythroid progenitors, pharmacologic activation of HRI has been demonstrated to have anti-cancer activity across a wide range of tumor sub-types. Here, the potential of HRI activators as novel cancer therapeutics is explored. Areas covered: We provide an introduction to eIF2 signaling pathways in general, and specifically review data on the eIF2α kinase HRI in erythroid and non-erythroid cells. We review aspects of targeting eIF2 signaling in cancer and highlight promising data using HRI activators against tumor cells. Expert opinion: Pharmacologic activation of HRI inhibits tumor growth as a single agent without appreciable toxicity in vivo. The ability of HRI activators to provide direct and sustained eIF2α phosphorylation without inducing oxidative stress or broad eIF2α kinase activation may be especially advantageous for tolerability. Combination therapy with established therapeutics may further augment anti-cancer activity to overcome disease resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Burwick
- a Division of hematology , VA Puget Sound Health Care System , Seattle , WA , USA.,b Division of Hematology , University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle WA , USA
| | - Bertal H Aktas
- c Department of Medicine , Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Translational control and the cancer cell response to stress. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2017; 45:102-109. [PMID: 28582681 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The evidence for the importance of aberrant translation in cancer cells is overwhelming. Reflecting the wealth of data, there are excellent reviews delineating how ribosomes and initiation factors are linked to cancer [1-3], and the therapeutic strategies being devised to target them [4]. Changes in translational efficiency can engender a malignant phenotype without the need for chromatin reorganization, transcription, splicing and mRNA export [5,6]. Thus, cancer-related modulations of the translational machinery are ideally suited to allow cancer cells to respond to the various stresses encountered along the path of tumorigenesis and organism-wide dissemination [7•,8,9,10•]. Emerging findings supporting this notion are the focus of this review.
Collapse
|
19
|
Rutherford SC, Stewart EN, Chen Z, Chadburn A, Wehrli NE, van Besien K, Martin P, Furman RR, Leonard JP, Cerchietti L. The eIF4E inhibitor ribavirin as a potential antilymphoma therapeutic: early clinical data<sup/>. Leuk Lymphoma 2017; 59:256-258. [PMID: 28573908 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1323270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Rutherford
- a Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology , Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital , New York , NY , USA
| | - Eric N Stewart
- a Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology , Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital , New York , NY , USA
| | - Zhengming Chen
- b Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology , Weill Cornell Medical College , New York , NY , USA
| | - Amy Chadburn
- c Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Hematopathology , Weill Cornell Medical College , New York , NY , USA
| | - Natasha E Wehrli
- d Department of Radiology , Weill Cornell Medical College , New York , NY , USA
| | - Koen van Besien
- a Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology , Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital , New York , NY , USA
| | - Peter Martin
- a Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology , Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital , New York , NY , USA
| | - Richard R Furman
- a Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology , Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital , New York , NY , USA
| | - John P Leonard
- a Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology , Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital , New York , NY , USA
| | - Leandro Cerchietti
- a Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology , Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital , New York , NY , USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Role of Eukaryotic Initiation Factors during Cellular Stress and Cancer Progression. J Nucleic Acids 2016; 2016:8235121. [PMID: 28083147 PMCID: PMC5204094 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8235121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein synthesis can be segmented into distinct phases comprising mRNA translation initiation, elongation, and termination. Translation initiation is a highly regulated and rate-limiting step of protein synthesis that requires more than 12 eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs). Extensive evidence shows that the transcriptome and corresponding proteome do not invariably correlate with each other in a variety of contexts. In particular, translation of mRNAs specific to angiogenesis, tumor development, and apoptosis is altered during physiological and pathophysiological stress conditions. In cancer cells, the expression and functions of eIFs are hampered, resulting in the inhibition of global translation and enhancement of translation of subsets of mRNAs by alternative mechanisms. A precise understanding of mechanisms involving eukaryotic initiation factors leading to differential protein expression can help us to design better strategies to diagnose and treat cancer. The high spatial and temporal resolution of translation control can have an immediate effect on the microenvironment of the cell in comparison with changes in transcription. The dysregulation of mRNA translation mechanisms is increasingly being exploited as a target to treat cancer. In this review, we will focus on this context by describing both canonical and noncanonical roles of eIFs, which alter mRNA translation.
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
Demosthenous C, Han JJ, Stenson MJ, Maurer MJ, Wellik LE, Link B, Hege K, Dogan A, Sotomayor E, Witzig T, Gupta M. Translation initiation complex eIF4F is a therapeutic target for dual mTOR kinase inhibitors in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:9488-501. [PMID: 25839159 PMCID: PMC4496233 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulated mRNA translation has been implicated in disease development and in part is controlled by a eukaryotic initiation complex eIF4F (composed of eIF4E, eIF4G and eIF4A). We demonstrate here that the cap bound fraction from lymphoma cells was enriched with eIF4G and eIF4E indicating that lymphoma cells exist in an activated translational state. Moreover, 77% (110/142) of diffuse large B cell lymphoma tumors expressed eIF4E and this was associated with an inferior event free survival. Over-expression of wild-type eIF4E (eIF4E(WT)) but not cap-mutant eIF4E (eIF4E(cap mutant)) increased the activation of the eIF4F complex. Treatment with the active-site dual mTOR inhibitor CC214-1 reduced the level of the eIF4F complex by decreasing the cap bound fraction of eIF4G and increasing the levels of 4E-BP1. CC214-1 inhibited both the cap dependent and global protein translation. CC214-1 inhibited c-Myc, and cyclin D3 translation by decreasing polysomal fractions from lymphoma cells. Inhibition of eIF4E with shRNA further decreased the CC214-1 induced inhibition of the eIF4F complex, c-Myc, cyclin D3 translation, and colony formation. These studies demonstrate that the eIF4F complex is deregulated in aggressive lymphoma and that dual mTOR therapy has therapeutic potential in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christos Demosthenous
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jing Jing Han
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mary J Stenson
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Matthew J Maurer
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Linda E Wellik
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brian Link
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, IA, USA
| | | | - Ahmet Dogan
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eduardo Sotomayor
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Thomas Witzig
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mamta Gupta
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1): a master regulator of mRNA translation involved in tumorigenesis. Oncogene 2016; 35:4675-88. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
24
|
Wang H, Huang F, Wang J, Wang P, Lv W, Hong L, Li S, Zhou J. The synergistic inhibition of breast cancer proliferation by combined treatment with 4EGI-1 and MK2206. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:232-42. [PMID: 25607647 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.977096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cap-dependent translation is a potential cancer-related target (oncotarget) due to its critical role in cancer initiation and progression. 4EGI-1, an inhibitor of eIF4E/eIF4G interaction, was discovered by screening chemical libraries of small molecules. 4EGI-1 inhibits cap-dependent translation initiation by impairing the assembly of the eIF4E/eIF4G complex, and therefore is a potential anti-cancer agent. Here, we report that 4EGI-1 also inhibits mTORC1 signaling independent of its inhibitory role on cap-dependent translation initiation. The inhibition of mTORC1 signaling by 4EGI-1 activates Akt due to both abrogation of the negative feedback loops from mTORC1 to PI3K and activation of mTORC2. We further validated that mTORC2 activity is required for 4EGI-1-mediated Akt activation. The activated Akt counteracted the anticancer effects of 4EGI-1. In support of this model, inhibition of Akt potentiates the antitumor activity of 4EGI-1 both in vitro and in a xenograft mouse model in vivo. Our results suggest that a combination of 4EGI-1and Akt inhibitor is a rational approach for the treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Wang
- a Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology; Beijing Institute of Biotechnology ; Beijing , P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Thumma SC, Jacobson BA, Patel MR, Konicek BW, Franklin MJ, Jay-Dixon J, Sadiq A, De A, Graff JR, Kratzke RA. Antisense oligonucleotide targeting eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E reduces growth and enhances chemosensitivity of non-small-cell lung cancer cells. Cancer Gene Ther 2015; 22:396-401. [PMID: 26227824 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2015.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) enhance translation of many malignancy-related proteins, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), c-Myc and osteopontin. In non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), levels of eIF4E are significantly increased compared with normal lung tissue. Here, we used an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) to inhibit the expression of eIF4E in NSCLC cell lines. eIF4E levels were significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner in NSCLC cells treated with eIF4E-specific ASO (4EASO) compared with control ASO. Treatment of NSCLC cells with the 4EASO resulted in decreased cap-dependent complex formation, decreased cell proliferation and increased sensitivity to gemcitabine. At the molecular level, repression of eIF4E with ASO resulted in decreased expression of the oncogenic proteins VEGF, c-Myc and osteopontin, whereas expression of β-actin was unaffected. Based on these findings, we conclude that eIF4E-silencing therapy alone or in conjunction with chemotherapy represents a promising approach deserving of further investigation in future NSCLC clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S C Thumma
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - B A Jacobson
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - M R Patel
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - B W Konicek
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - M J Franklin
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - J Jay-Dixon
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - A Sadiq
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - A De
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - J R Graff
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - R A Kratzke
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Decreased expression of EIF4A1 after preoperative brachytherapy predicts better tumor-specific survival in cervical cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2015; 24:908-15. [PMID: 24844222 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000000152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate whether EIF4A1, EIF4E, and EIF4G1 can serve as prognostic markers for patients with cervical cancer receiving preoperative brachytherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tissue microarrays composed of 35 normal cervix samples, 87 cervical cancers treated without preoperative therapy, and 50 pairs of cervical cancer tissues collected before and after preoperative brachytherapy were constructed and evaluated for the expression of EIF4A1, EIF4E, and EIF4G using immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemical staining was scored by the staining intensity and the percentages of tumor cells. The χ test was used to analyze the association between the immunohistochemistry results and clinicopathologic variables. The Kaplan-Meier method was applied to analyze the disease-specific survival. RESULTS Overexpression of EIF4A1, EIF4E, and EIF4G1 were detected in 83.9%, 84.7%, and 80.3% of cervical cancers, respectively, all of which were significantly related to advanced International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, squamous cell histology, lymph node metastasis, and deep stromal invasion (P < 0.05). The altered expression pattern of EIF4A1 and EIF4E after preoperative brachytherapy was significantly correlated with the cervical cancer response to brachytherapy (P = 0.029 and 0.012, respectively). The decreased expression of EIF4A1 predicted better tumor-specific survival (P = 0.02). The alteration of EIF4A1 was an independent predictor for tumor-specific survival (P = 0.047; hazards ratio, 0.272; 95% confidence interval, 0.076-0.982). CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of EIF4A1, EIF4E, and EIF4G1 were acquired malignant phenotypic features of cervical cancer. EIF4A1 might function as a novel prognostic indicator and a potential therapeutic target for cervical cancer.
Collapse
|
27
|
Kannan S, Poulsen A, Yang HY, Ho M, Ang SH, Eldwin TSW, Jeyaraj DA, Chennamaneni LR, Liu B, Hill J, Verma CS, Nacro K. Probing the binding mechanism of Mnk inhibitors by docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Biochemistry 2014; 54:32-46. [PMID: 25431995 DOI: 10.1021/bi501261j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases-interacting kinase 1 and 2 (Mnk1/2) activate the oncogene eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) by phosphorylation. High level of phosphorylated eIF4E is associated with various types of cancers. Inhibition of Mnk prevents eIF4E phosphorylation, making them potential therapeutic targets for cancer. Recently, we have designed and synthesized a series of novel imidazopyridine and imidazopyrazine derivatives that inhibit Mnk1/2 kinases with a potency in the nanomolar to micromolar range. In the current work we model the inhibition of Mnk kinase activity by these inhibitors using various computational approaches. Combining homology modeling, docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and free energy calculations, we find that all compounds bind similarly to the active sites of both kinases with their imidazopyridine and imidazopyrazine cores anchored to the hinge regions of the kinases through hydrogen bonds. In addition, hydrogen bond interactions between the inhibitors and the catalytic Lys78 (Mnk1), Lys113 (Mnk2) and Ser131 (Mnk1), Ser166 (Mnk2) appear to be important for the potency and stability of the bound conformations of the inhibitors. The computed binding free energies (ΔGPred) of these inhibitors are in accord with experimental bioactivity data (pIC50) with correlation coefficients (r(2)) of 0.70 and 0.68 for Mnk1 and Mnk2 respectively. van der Waals energies and entropic effects appear to dominate the binding free energy (ΔGPred) for each Mnk-inhibitor complex studied. The models suggest that the activities of these small molecule inhibitors arise from interactions with multiple residues in the active sites, particularly with the hydrophobic residues.
Collapse
|
28
|
Gao B, Roux PP. Translational control by oncogenic signaling pathways. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2014; 1849:753-65. [PMID: 25477072 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) translation is highly regulated in cells and plays an integral role in the overall process of gene expression. The initiation phase of translation is considered to be the most rate-limiting and is often targeted by oncogenic signaling pathways to promote global protein synthesis and the selective translation of tumor-promoting mRNAs. Translational control is a crucial component of cancer development as it allows cancer cells to adapt to the altered metabolism that is generally associated with the tumor state. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are strongly implicated in cancer etiology, and they exert their biological effects by modulating both global and specific mRNA translation. In addition to having respective translational targets, these pathways also impinge on the mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which acts as a critical signaling node linking nutrient sensing to the coordinated regulation of cellular metabolism. mTOR is best known as a central regulator of protein synthesis and has been implicated in an increasing number of pathological conditions, including cancer. In this article, we describe the current knowledge on the roles and regulation of mRNA translation by various oncogenic signaling pathways, as well as the relevance of these molecular mechanisms to human malignancies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Translation and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beichen Gao
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Philippe P Roux
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Fribley AM, Miller JR, Brownell AL, Garshott DM, Zeng Q, Reist TE, Narula N, Cai P, Xi Y, Callaghan MU, Kodali V, Kaufman RJ. Celastrol induces unfolded protein response-dependent cell death in head and neck cancer. Exp Cell Res 2014; 330:412-422. [PMID: 25139619 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The survival rate for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not seen marked improvement in recent decades despite enhanced efforts in prevention and the introduction of novel therapies. We have reported that pharmacological exacerbation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) is an effective approach to killing OSCC cells. The UPR is executed via distinct signaling cascades whereby an initial attempt to restore folding homeostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum during stress is complemented by an apoptotic response if the defect cannot be resolved. To identify novel small molecules able to overwhelm the adaptive capacity of the UPR in OSCC cells, we engineered a complementary cell-based assay to screen a broad spectrum of chemical matter. Stably transfected CHO-K1 cells that individually report (luciferase) on the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP (apoptotic) or the IRE1/XBP1 (adaptive) UPR pathways, were engineered [1]. The triterpenoids dihydrocelastrol and celastrol were identified as potent inducers of UPR signaling and cell death in a primary screen and confirmed in a panel of OSCC cells and other cancer cell lines. Biochemical and genetic assays using OSCC cells and modified murine embryonic fibroblasts demonstrated that intact PERK-eIF2-ATF4-CHOP signaling is required for pro-apoptotic UPR and OSCC death following celastrol treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Fribley
- Carmen and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Children׳s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Justin R Miller
- Carmen and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Children׳s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Amy L Brownell
- Carmen and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Children׳s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Danielle M Garshott
- Carmen and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Children׳s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Qinghua Zeng
- Carmen and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Children׳s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Tyler E Reist
- The Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Neha Narula
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Peter Cai
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yue Xi
- Carmen and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Children׳s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Michael U Callaghan
- Carmen and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Children׳s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Vamsi Kodali
- Degenerative Disease Research Center, Sanford
- Burnham Medical Research Institute La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Randal J Kaufman
- Degenerative Disease Research Center, Sanford
- Burnham Medical Research Institute La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pettersson F, del Rincon SV, Miller WH. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E as a novel therapeutic target in hematological malignancies and beyond. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 18:1035-48. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.937426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
31
|
Eyre TA, Collins GP, Goldstone AH, Cwynarski K. Time now to TORC the TORC? New developments in mTOR pathway inhibition in lymphoid malignancies. Br J Haematol 2014; 166:336-51. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Toby A. Eyre
- Department of Haematology; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust; Oxford UK
| | - Graham P. Collins
- Department of Haematology; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust; Oxford UK
| | | | - Kate Cwynarski
- Department of Haematology; Royal Free Hospital; London UK
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Small-molecule inhibition of oncogenic eukaryotic protein translation in mesothelioma cells. Invest New Drugs 2014; 32:598-603. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-014-0076-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
33
|
Zheng J, Li J, Xu L, Xie G, Wen Q, Luo J, Li D, Huang D, Fan S. Phosphorylated Mnk1 and eIF4E are associated with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89220. [PMID: 24551240 PMCID: PMC3925237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a head and neck malignant tumor rare throughout most of the world but common in Southeast Asia, especially in Southern China. The phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) by MAP kinase-interacting kinases (Mnk) on Ser-209 promotes cellular proliferation, survival, malignant transformation and metastasis. However, whether the alterations of the expression of p-eIF4E and p-Mnk1 protein are associated with clinicopathologic/prognostic implication for NPC has not been reported. The purposes of the present study are to examine the expression of p-eIF4E and p-Mnk1 protein in NPC and non-cancerous nasopharyngeal epithelial tissues by immunohistochemistry and evaluate the association between the expression of p-eIF4E and p-Mnk1 protein and clinicopathological characteristics of NPC. The results showed that the positive percentage of p-Mnk1 and p-eIF4E proteins expression in NPC (83.5% and 75.4%, respectively) was significantly higher than that in non-cancerous nasopharyngeal epithelium (40.0% and 32.9%, respectively). The positive expression of p-eIF4E and p-Mnk1 in the NPC with cervical lymph node metastasis was significantly higher than those without lymph node metastasis. Additionally, p-eIF4E expression was more pronouncedly increased in metastatic NPC than the matched primary NPC. Increase of p-eIF4E and p-Mnk1 expression was significantly correlated inversely with overall survival. Spearman’s rank correlation test further showed that expression of p-Mnk1 was strongly positive correlated with expression of p-eIF4E in NPC. The expression of p-Mnk1 and p-eIF4E in NPC was proved to be the independent prognostic factors regardless of lymph node metastasis, clinical stages and combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, histological type, age and gender by multivariate analysis. Taken together, high expression of p-Mnk1 and p-eIF4E might be novel valuable biomarkers to predict poor prognosis of NPC and therapeutic targets for developing the valid treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zheng
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Biochemistry of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lina Xu
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guiyuan Xie
- Department of Oncology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiuyuan Wen
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiadi Luo
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Duo Li
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Donghai Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Songqing Fan
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mazan-Mamczarz K, Zhao XF, Dai B, Steinhardt JJ, Peroutka RJ, Berk KL, Landon AL, Sadowska M, Zhang Y, Lehrmann E, Becker KG, Shaknovich R, Liu Z, Gartenhaus RB. Down-regulation of eIF4GII by miR-520c-3p represses diffuse large B cell lymphoma development. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004105. [PMID: 24497838 PMCID: PMC3907297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of the translational machinery is emerging as a critical contributor to cancer development. The contribution of microRNAs in translational gene control has been established however; the role of microRNAs in disrupting the cap-dependent translation regulation complex has not been previously described. Here, we established that elevated miR-520c-3p represses global translation, cell proliferation and initiates premature senescence in HeLa and DLBCL cells. Moreover, we demonstrate that miR-520c-3p directly targets translation initiation factor, eIF4GII mRNA and negatively regulates eIF4GII protein synthesis. miR-520c-3p overexpression diminishes cells colony formation and reduces tumor growth in a human xenograft mouse model. Consequently, downregulation of eIF4GII by siRNA decreases translation, cell proliferation and ability to form colonies, as well as induces cellular senescence. In vitro and in vivo findings were further validated in patient samples; DLBCL primary cells demonstrated low miR-520c-3p levels with reciprocally up-regulated eIF4GII protein expression. Our results provide evidence that the tumor suppressor effect of miR-520c-3p is mediated through repression of translation while inducing senescence and that eIF4GII is a key effector of this anti-tumor activity. Control of gene expression on the translational level is critical for proper function of major cellular processes and deregulation of translation can promote cellular transformation. Emerging actors in this post-transcriptional gene regulation are small non-coding RNAs referred to as microRNAs (miRNAs). We established that miR-520c-3p represses tumor growth through the repression of eIF4GII, a major structural component of the translation initiation complex. Since translation of most cellular mRNAs is primarily regulated at the level of initiation, this node is becoming a potential target for therapeutic intervention. Identified in this study, tumor suppressor function of miR-520c-3p is mediated through the inhibition of translational factor eIF4GII, resulting in the repression of global translational machinery and induction of senescence in tumor cells. While aging and senescence has been shown to be associated with reduced translation the linkage between translational deregulation and senescence in malignant cells has not been previously described. Lending further clinical significance to our findings, we were able to demonstrate that primary DLBCL samples had elevated levels of eIF4GII while having reciprocally low miR-520c-3p expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Mazan-Mamczarz
- Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - X. Frank Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bojie Dai
- Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - James J. Steinhardt
- Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Raymond J. Peroutka
- Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kimberly L. Berk
- Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ari L. Landon
- Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mariola Sadowska
- Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, National Institute of Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elin Lehrmann
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, National Institute of Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kevin G. Becker
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, National Institute of Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rita Shaknovich
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Zhenqiu Liu
- Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ronald B. Gartenhaus
- Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Uniacke J, Perera JK, Lachance G, Francisco CB, Lee S. Cancer cells exploit eIF4E2-directed synthesis of hypoxia response proteins to drive tumor progression. Cancer Res 2014; 74:1379-89. [PMID: 24408918 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-2278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human tumors display considerable diversity in their genetic makeup but share common physiologic attributes such as a hypoxic microenvironment that contribute to the malignant phenotype. Hypoxic cells switch from eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) to eIF4E2 cap-dependent translation to synthesize a portion of their proteins. Here, we show that genetically distinct human cancer cells exploit eIF4E2-directed protein synthesis to form cellular masses larger than approximately 0.15 mm, the diffusion limit of oxygen. Cancer cells depleted of eIF4E2 are indistinguishable from control cells under normoxic conditions, but are unable to survive and proliferate in low oxygen conditions. Activation of eIF4E2-directed translation is essential for cancer cells to form a hypoxic tumor core in in vitro spheroids and to form detectable tumors in in vivo xenograft assays. In contrast, the eIF4E-directed protein synthesis pathway alone cannot sustain cellular adaptation to hypoxia in vitro or confer tumorigenic potential in xenograft assays. These data demonstrate that the phenotypic expression of the cancer genome requires translation by the eIF4E2-directed hypoxic protein synthesis machinery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Uniacke
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Jacobson BA, Thumma SC, Jay-Dixon J, Patel MR, Dubear Kroening K, Kratzke MG, Etchison RG, Konicek BW, Graff JR, Kratzke RA. Targeting eukaryotic translation in mesothelioma cells with an eIF4E-specific antisense oligonucleotide. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81669. [PMID: 24260583 PMCID: PMC3832430 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant cap-dependent translation is implicated in tumorigenesis in multiple tumor types including mesothelioma. In this study, disabling the eIF4F complex by targeting eIF4E with eIF4E-specific antisense oligonucleotide (4EASO) is assessed as a therapy for mesothelioma. METHODS Mesothelioma cells were transfected with 4EASO, designed to target eIF4E mRNA, or mismatch-ASO control. Cell survival was measured in mesothelioma treated with 4EASO alone or combined with either gemcitabine or pemetrexed. Levels of eIF4E, ODC, Bcl-2 and β-actin were assessed following treatment. Binding to a synthetic cap-analogue was used to study the strength of eIF4F complex activation following treatment. RESULTS eIF4E level and the formation of eIF4F cap-complex decreased in response to 4EASO, but not mismatch control ASO, resulting in cleavage of PARP indicating apoptosis. 4EASO treatment resulted in dose dependent decrease in eIF4E levels, which corresponded to cytotoxicity of mesothelioma cells. 4EASO resulted in decreased levels of eIF4E in non-malignant LP9 cells, but this did not correspond to increased cytotoxicity. Proteins thought to be regulated by cap-dependent translation, Bcl-2 and ODC, were decreased upon treatment with 4EASO. Combination therapy of 4EASO with pemetrexed or gemcitabine further reduced cell number. CONCLUSION 4EASO is a novel drug that causes apoptosis and selectively reduces eIF4E levels, eIF4F complex formation, and proliferation of mesothelioma cells. eIF4E knockdown results in decreased expression of anti-apoptotic and pro-growth proteins and enhances chemosensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blake A. Jacobson
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Saritha C. Thumma
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Joseph Jay-Dixon
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Manish R. Patel
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - K. Dubear Kroening
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Fox Valley, Menasha, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Marian G. Kratzke
- Research Service, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ryan G. Etchison
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Bruce W. Konicek
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Jeremy R. Graff
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Kratzke
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Eukaryotic translation initiation factors in cancer development and progression. Cancer Lett 2013; 340:9-21. [PMID: 23830805 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic gene expression is a complicated process primarily regulated at the levels of gene transcription and mRNA translation. The latter involves four main steps: initiation, elongation, termination and recycling. Translation regulation is primarily achieved during initiation which is orchestrated by 12 currently known eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs). Here, we review the current state of eIF research and present a concise summary of the various eIF subunits. As eIFs turned out to be critically implicated in different oncogenic processes the various eIF members and their contribution to onset and progression of cancer are featured.
Collapse
|
38
|
Ninan MJ, Rawal A, Mesa H, Knapp DJ, Kuskowski MA, Gupta P. Expression and phosphorylation of translation regulatory protein 4E-binding protein (BP)-1 in low-risk diffuse large B cell lymphoma. J Hematop 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12308-013-0188-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
|
39
|
Willimott S, Beck D, Ahearne MJ, Adams VC, Wagner SD. Cap-translation inhibitor, 4EGI-1, restores sensitivity to ABT-737 apoptosis through cap-dependent and -independent mechanisms in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:3212-23. [PMID: 23633452 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-2185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The lymph node microenvironment promotes resistance to chemotherapy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), partly through induction of BCL2 family prosurvival proteins. Currently available inhibitors do not target all BCL2 family prosurvival proteins and their effectiveness is also modified by proapoptotic BCL2 homology domain 3 (BH3) only protein expression. The goal of this study was to evaluate synergy between the eIF4E/eIF4G interaction inhibitor, 4EGI-1, and the BH3 mimetic, ABT-737. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN CLL cells were cultured in conditions to mimic the lymph node microenvironment. Protein synthesis and cap-complex formation were determined. Polysome association of mRNAs from BCL2 family survival genes was analyzed by translational profiling. The effects of 4EGI-1 and the BCL2/BCL2L1 antagonist, ABT-737, on CLL cell apoptosis were determined. RESULTS Protein synthesis was increased approximately 6-fold by stromal cell/CD154 culture in a phosphoinositide 3-kinase α (PI3Kα)-specific manner and was reduced by 4EGI-1. PI3K inhibitors and 4EGI-1 also reduced cap-complex formation but only 4EGI-1 consistently reduced BCL2L1 and BCL2A1 protein levels. 4EGI-1, but not PI3K inhibitors or rapamycin, induced an endoplasmic reticulum stress response including proapoptotic NOXA and the translation inhibitor phosphorylated eIF2α. 4EGI-1 and ABT-737 synergized to cause apoptosis, independent of levels of prosurvival protein expression in individual patients. CONCLUSIONS Overall protein synthesis and cap-complex formation are induced by microenvironment stimuli in CLL. Inhibition of the cap-complex was not sufficient to repress BCL2 family prosurvival expression, but 4EGI-1 inhibited BCL2A1 and BCL2L1 while inducing NOXA through cap-dependent and -independent mechanisms. 4EGI-1 and ABT-737 synergized to produce apoptosis, and these agents may be the basis for a therapeutically useful combination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Willimott
- Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine and MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Liang S, Guo R, Zhang Z, Liu D, Xu H, Xu Z, Wang X, Yang L. Upregulation of the eIF4E signaling pathway contributes to the progression of gastric cancer, and targeting eIF4E by perifosine inhibits cell growth. Oncol Rep 2013; 29:2422-30. [PMID: 23588929 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) expression is frequently observed in several types of cancer, making eIF4E an attractive anticancer drug target. However, the role of eIF4E in gastric cancer pathogenesis remains unclear. Perifosine is a bioavailable alkylphospholipid exhibiting antitumor activity in a series of cancer types. In this study, gastric cancer cell lines were selected to explore the role of eIF4E as a potential target for treating human gastric cancer. The expression of total eIF4E (T-eIF4E)and phosphorylated eIF4E (p-eIF4E) in gastric cancer samples was detected by immunohistochemical assay. RNA interference was used to silence eIF4E expression. Sulforhodamine B assay was performed to evaluate tumor cell viability. Colony formation assay was used to examine the effects of eIF4E small interfering RNA (siRNA) or perifosine on colony formation. The mRNA levels of eIF4E were analyzed by qRT-PCR and western blot analysis was carried out to evaluate the expression of Akt and eIF4E. The results showed that increased expression levels of T-eIF4E and p-eIF4E were found in gastric cancer tissues and cells. Reduced eIF4E expression blocked the proliferation of gastric cancer cells. Perifosine downregulated the T-eIF4E and p-eIF4E levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner; it also inhibited the growth of gastric cancer cells. Moreover, this inhibitory effect was significantly enhanced by the combination of eIF4E siRNA and perifosine treatments. Our results indicate that eIF4E gene silencing can inhibit tumor cell growth, and eIF4E can be developed as a promising therapeutic target for gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Liang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chen L, Aktas BH, Wang Y, He X, Sahoo R, Zhang N, Denoyelle S, Kabha E, Yang H, Freedman RY, Supko JG, Chorev M, Wagner G, Halperin JA. Tumor suppression by small molecule inhibitors of translation initiation. Oncotarget 2013; 3:869-81. [PMID: 22935625 PMCID: PMC3478463 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Translation initiation factors are over-expressed and/or activated in many human cancers and may contribute to their genesis and/or progression. Removal of physiologic restraints on translation initiation causes malignant transformation. Conversely, restoration of physiological restrains on translation initiation reverts malignant phenotypes. Here, we extensively characterize the anti-cancer activity of two small molecule inhibitors of translation initiation: #1181, which targets the eIF2-GTP-Met-tRNAi ternary complex, and 4EGI-1, which targets the eIF4F complex. In vitro, both molecules inhibit translation initiation, abrogate preferentially translation of mRNAs coding for oncogenic proteins, and inhibit proliferation of human cancer cells. In vivo, both #1181 and 4EGI-1 strongly inhibit growth of human breast and melanoma cancer xenografts without any apparent macroscopic- or microscopic-toxicity. Mechanistically, #1181 phosphorylates eIF2α while 4EGI-1 disrupts eIF4G/eIF4E interaction in the tumors excised from mice treated with these agents. These data indicate that inhibition of translation initiation is a new paradigm in cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
42
|
Ruggero D. Translational control in cancer etiology. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2013; 5:cshperspect.a012336. [PMID: 22767671 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a012336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The link between perturbations in translational control and cancer etiology is becoming a primary focus in cancer research. It has now been established that genetic alterations in several components of the translational apparatus underlie spontaneous cancers as well as an entire class of inherited syndromes known as "ribosomopathies" associated with increased cancer susceptibility. These discoveries have illuminated the importance of deregulations in translational control to very specific cellular processes that contribute to cancer etiology. In addition, a growing body of evidence supports the view that deregulation of translational control is a common mechanism by which diverse oncogenic pathways promote cellular transformation and tumor development. Indeed, activation of these key oncogenic pathways induces rapid and dramatic translational reprogramming both by increasing overall protein synthesis and by modulating specific mRNA networks. These translational changes promote cellular transformation, impacting almost every phase of tumor development. This paradigm represents a new frontier in the multihit model of cancer formation and offers significant promise for innovative cancer therapies. Current research, in conjunction with cutting edge technologies, will further enable us to explore novel mechanisms of translational control, functionally identify translationally controlled mRNA groups, and unravel their impact on cellular transformation and tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ruggero
- Helen Diller Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lindqvist LM, Vikström I, Chambers JM, McArthur K, Ann Anderson M, Henley KJ, Happo L, Cluse L, Johnstone RW, Roberts AW, Kile BT, Croker BA, Burns CJ, Rizzacasa MA, Strasser A, Huang DCS. Translation inhibitors induce cell death by multiple mechanisms and Mcl-1 reduction is only a minor contributor. Cell Death Dis 2012; 3:e409. [PMID: 23059828 PMCID: PMC3481137 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2012.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There is significant interest in treating cancers by blocking protein synthesis, to which hematological malignancies seem particularly sensitive. The translation elongation inhibitor homoharringtonine (Omacetaxine mepesuccinate) is undergoing clinical trials for chronic myeloid leukemia, whereas the translation initiation inhibitor silvestrol has shown promise in mouse models of cancer. Precisely how these compounds induce cell death is unclear, but reduction in Mcl-1, a labile pro-survival Bcl-2 family member, has been proposed to constitute the critical event. Moreover, the contribution of translation inhibitors to neutropenia and lymphopenia has not been precisely defined. Herein, we demonstrate that primary B cells and neutrophils are highly sensitive to translation inhibitors, which trigger the Bax/Bak-mediated apoptotic pathway. However, contrary to expectations, reduction of Mcl-1 did not significantly enhance cytotoxicity of these compounds, suggesting that it does not have a principal role and cautions that strong correlations do not always signify causality. On the other hand, the killing of T lymphocytes was less dependent on Bax and Bak, indicating that translation inhibitors can also induce cell death via alternative mechanisms. Indeed, loss of clonogenic survival proved to be independent of the Bax/Bak-mediated apoptosis altogether. Our findings warn of potential toxicity as these translation inhibitors are cytotoxic to many differentiated non-cycling cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L M Lindqvist
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Deregulation of protein synthesis is a common event in human cancer and a key player in translational control is eIF4E. Elevated expression levels of eIF4E promote cancer development and progression. Recent findings suggest that eIF4E activity is a key determinant of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK mediated tumorigenic activity and targeting eIF4E should have a major impact on these pathways in human cancer. The function of eIF4E is modulated through phosphorylation of a conserved serine (Ser209) by Mnk1 and Mnk2 downstream of ERK. While the phosphorylation event is necessary for oncogenic transformation, it seems to be dispensable for normal development. Hence, pharmacologic Mnk inhibitors may provide non-toxic and effective anti-cancer strategy. Strong circumstantial evidence indicates that Mnk inhibition presents attractive therapeutic potential, but the lack of selective Mnk inhibitors has so far confounded pharmacological target validation and clinical development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiang Hou
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Yang H, Li LW, Shi M, Wang JH, Xiao F, Zhou B, Diao LQ, Long XL, Liu XL, Xu L. In vivo study of breast carcinoma radiosensitization by targeting eIF4E. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 423:878-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
46
|
Miglino N, Roth M, Tamm M, Borger P. Asthma and COPD - The C/EBP Connection. Open Respir Med J 2012; 6:1-13. [PMID: 22715349 PMCID: PMC3377872 DOI: 10.2174/1874306401206010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are the two most prominent chronic inflammatory lung diseases with increasing prevalence. Both diseases are associated with mild or severe remodeling of the airways. In this review, we postulate that the pathologies of asthma and COPD may result from inadequate responses and/or a deregulated balance of a group of cell differentiation regulating factors, the CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Proteins (C/EBPs). In addition, we will argue that the exposure to environmental factors, such as house dust mite and cigarette smoke, changes the response of C/EBPs and are different in diseased cells. These novel insights may lead to a better understanding of the etiology of the diseases and may provide new aspects for therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Peter Borger
- Pulmonary Cell Research, Departments of Biomedicine and Pneumology, University Hospital Basel,
Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Chen X, Kopecky DJ, Mihalic J, Jeffries S, Min X, Heath J, Deignan J, Lai S, Fu Z, Guimaraes C, Shen S, Li S, Johnstone S, Thibault S, Xu H, Cardozo M, Shen W, Walker N, Kayser F, Wang Z. Structure-guided design, synthesis, and evaluation of guanine-derived inhibitors of the eIF4E mRNA-cap interaction. J Med Chem 2012; 55:3837-51. [PMID: 22458568 DOI: 10.1021/jm300037x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) plays a central role in the initiation of gene translation and subsequent protein synthesis by binding the 5' terminal mRNA cap structure. We designed and synthesized a series of novel compounds that display potent binding affinity against eIF4E despite their lack of a ribose moiety, phosphate, and positive charge as present in m7-GMP. The biochemical activity of compound 33 is 95 nM for eIF4E in an SPA binding assay. More importantly, the compound has an IC(50) of 2.5 μM for inhibiting cap-dependent mRNA translation in a rabbit reticular cell extract assay (RRL-IVT). This series of potent, truncated analogues could serve as a promising new starting point toward the design of neutral eIF4E inhibitors with physicochemical properties suitable for cellular activity assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Chen
- Department of Chemistry Research & Discovery, Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Osborne TS, Khanna C. A review of the association between osteosarcoma metastasis and protein translation. J Comp Pathol 2012; 146:132-42. [PMID: 22297074 PMCID: PMC3496179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2011.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The malignant transformation of mesenchymal cells within the bone leads to the development of osteosarcoma (OS), but the genetic underpinnings of these events are not understood. From a clinical perspective, primary tumour management can be achieved successfully in most patients. However, the development of metastasis to the lungs represents the most common cause of death in OS patients. A clearer understanding of metastasis biology is required to improve cancer mortality and improve outcomes. Modelling the genetics, biology and therapy of OS can be accomplished through research involving a number of species. Most notable is the naturally occurring form of OS that develops in dogs. Through a cross-species and comparative approach important questions can be asked within specific and suitable models to advance our understanding of this disease and its common metastatic outcome. A comparative perspective on the problem of OS metastasis that utilizes a cross-species approach may offer unique opportunities to assist in this prioritization and generate new hypotheses related to this important clinical problem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T S Osborne
- Tumor and Metastasis Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Translational control gone awry: a new mechanism of tumorigenesis and novel targets of cancer treatments. Biosci Rep 2011; 31:1-15. [PMID: 20964625 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20100077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Translational control is one of primary regulation mechanisms of gene expression. Eukaryotic translational control mainly occurs at the initiation step, the speed-limiting step, which involves more than ten translation initiation factors [eIFs (eukaryotic initiation factors)]. Changing the level or function of these eIFs results in abnormal translation of specific mRNAs and consequently abnormal growth of cells that leads to human diseases, including cancer. Accumulating evidence from recent studies showed that the expression of many eIFs was associated with malignant transformation, cancer prognosis, as well as gene expression regulation. In the present paper, we perform a critical review of recent advances in understanding the role and mechanism of eIF action in translational control and cancer as well as the possibility of targeting eIFs for therapeutic development.
Collapse
|
50
|
Stumpf CR, Ruggero D. The cancerous translation apparatus. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2011; 21:474-83. [PMID: 21543223 PMCID: PMC3481834 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2011.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Deregulations in translational control are critical features of cancer initiation and progression. Activation of key oncogenic pathways promotes rapid and dramatic translational reprogramming, not simply by increasing overall protein synthesis, but also by modulating specific mRNA networks that promote cellular transformation. Additionally, ribosomopathies caused by mutations in ribosome components alter translational regulation leading to specific pathological features, including cancer susceptibility. Exciting advances in our understanding of translational control in cancer have illuminated a striking specificity innate to the translational apparatus. Characterizing this specificity will provide novel insights into how cells normally utilize translational control to modulate gene expression, how it is deregulated in cancer, and how these processes can be targeted to develop new cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig R. Stumpf
- School of Medicine and Department of Urology, Helen Diller Family, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, Helen, Diller Family Cancer Research Building Room 386, 1450 3rd Street, San Francisco, CA 94158-3110
| | - Davide Ruggero
- School of Medicine and Department of Urology, Helen Diller Family, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, Helen, Diller Family Cancer Research Building Room 386, 1450 3rd Street, San Francisco, CA 94158-3110
| |
Collapse
|