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Fernández-Arauzo L, Pimentel-Trapero D, Hernández-Carrasquilla M. Simultaneous determination of resorcylic acid lactones, β and α trenbolone and stilbenes in bovine urine by UHPLC/MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 973C:89-96. [PMID: 25464100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of cattle with α-zearalanol (zeranol, α-ZAL), a resorcylic acid lactone (RAL), is illegal in European Union countries. Zearalenone, a common contaminant of cattle feed, is also a RAL and there is evidence that it, or its metabolites, can be converted in vivo to α-ZAL (or to β-zearalanol, β-ZAL). To determine whether an animal has been treated with α-ZAL it is necessary to quantify separately all the RALs. This work presents the simultaneous determination in urine of RALs, β-trenbolone (β-TB) and its metabolite α-trenbolone (α-TB) and the stilbenes diethylstilbestrol (DES), dienestrol (DEN) and hexestrol (HEX) using Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC/MS/MS). Several chromatographic UHPLC columns were tested in order to achieve chromatographic separation of the analytes and the results are shown. Baseline separation of all compounds was not possible, so that careful consideration of the MRM transitions was necessary. The separation chosen for the validation work used a 100mm×2.1mm×1.7μm Phenyl column eluting with a gradient of acetonitrile/methanol/water. The method validation according to EU Decision 657/2002 included linearity, within laboratory reproducibility and trueness, decision limit (CCα) and detection capability (CCβ). For all compounds the method was linear in the range 2-12μg/l (1 and 6μg/l for DES) with determination coefficients greater than 0.97 and linear residuals below 20%. Within laboratory reproducibility was lower than 25% and trueness less than 11% for all compounds and concentration levels. CCα ranged from 0.6μg/l (DES) to 1.6 (α-TB) and CCβ was 0.8μg/l (α-zearalenol) to 1.9μg/l (α-TB).
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fernández-Arauzo
- Laboratorio Regional de Salud Pública, Consejería de Sanidad, Comunidad de Madrid, Sierra de Alquife 8 2ª planta, 28053 Madrid, Spain
| | - D Pimentel-Trapero
- Laboratorio Regional de Salud Pública, Consejería de Sanidad, Comunidad de Madrid, Sierra de Alquife 8 2ª planta, 28053 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Hernández-Carrasquilla
- Laboratorio Regional de Salud Pública, Consejería de Sanidad, Comunidad de Madrid, Sierra de Alquife 8 2ª planta, 28053 Madrid, Spain.
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2
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Leporati M, Bergoglio M, Capra P, Bozzetta E, Abete MC, Vincenti M. Development, validation and application to real samples of a multiresidue LC-MS/MS method for determination of β2 -agonists and anabolic steroids in bovine hair. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2014; 49:936-946. [PMID: 25230191 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
β(2) -agonists are often abused in cattle breeding because of their effects on animal growth and meat properties. The use of β(2) -agonists as growth promoters is forbidden in the European Union (Council Directive 96/23/EC classifies them into group A of Annex I), due to their toxicity and carcinogenic properties, as for anabolic steroids, which are often administered in combination with β(2) -agonists, to promote the storage of proteins and increase muscle size. A unique confirmatory liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the quantitative detection of 13 β(2) -agonists and anabolic steroids plus the qualitative identification of other three analytes in bovine hair was developed and validated, according to Decision 2002/657/CE. Hair samples were washed with dichloromethane, digested within a NaOH solution and subjected to liquid-liquid extraction. The analysis was performed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operating in the selected reaction monitoring mode. The absence of matrix interferents, together with good repeatability of both retention times and relative abundances of diagnostic transitions, allowed the correct identification of all analytes. The quantitative calibrations obtained from spiked blank hair samples proved linear in the range tested. CCα and CCβ ranged from 0.5 ng/g to 30 ng/g. Intralaboratory reproducibility (CV%) ranged between 5.0 and 17.7 and trueness between 96% ± 7% and 105% ± 8%. The applicability of the method to real positive samples was demonstrated for both β(2) -agonists and anabolic steroids. 17α-boldenone was found in most (70%) hair samples obtained from untreated animals, supporting the hypothesis of endogenous production of this steroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Leporati
- Centro Regionale Antidoping e di Tossicologia 'Alessandro Bertinaria', regione Gonzole 10/1, 10043, Orbassano, Torino, Italy
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Haiyang J, Wenjun W, Jinghui Z, Xiaoqi T, Jiancheng L, Xi X, Kai W, Fei X, Zhaopeng W, Min C, Xiangmei L, Xiaoping W, Shien W, Shuangyang D. Determination of zeranol and its metabolites in bovine muscle and liver by a chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay: compared to an ultraperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy method. LUMINESCENCE 2013; 29:393-400. [PMID: 23934682 DOI: 10.1002/bio.2559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Haiyang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine; China Agricultural University; Yuan Ming Yuan West Road No.2 Beijing 100193 China
| | - Wang Wenjun
- Beijing WDWK Biotech Co., Ltd; Beijing 100085 China
| | - Zhu Jinghui
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine; China Agricultural University; Yuan Ming Yuan West Road No.2 Beijing 100193 China
| | - Tao Xiaoqi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine; China Agricultural University; Yuan Ming Yuan West Road No.2 Beijing 100193 China
| | - Li Jiancheng
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine; China Agricultural University; Yuan Ming Yuan West Road No.2 Beijing 100193 China
| | - Xia Xi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine; China Agricultural University; Yuan Ming Yuan West Road No.2 Beijing 100193 China
| | - Wen Kai
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine; China Agricultural University; Yuan Ming Yuan West Road No.2 Beijing 100193 China
| | - Xu Fei
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine; China Agricultural University; Yuan Ming Yuan West Road No.2 Beijing 100193 China
- Beijing WDWK Biotech Co., Ltd; Beijing 100085 China
| | | | - Chen Min
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine; China Agricultural University; Yuan Ming Yuan West Road No.2 Beijing 100193 China
| | - Li Xiangmei
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine; China Agricultural University; Yuan Ming Yuan West Road No.2 Beijing 100193 China
- Beijing WDWK Biotech Co., Ltd; Beijing 100085 China
| | - Wu Xiaoping
- Beijing WDWK Biotech Co., Ltd; Beijing 100085 China
| | - Wang Shien
- Beijing WDWK Biotech Co., Ltd; Beijing 100085 China
| | - Ding Shuangyang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine; China Agricultural University; Yuan Ming Yuan West Road No.2 Beijing 100193 China
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Matraszek-Zuchowska I, Wozniak B, Zmudzki J. Determination of zeranol, taleranol, zearalanone, α-zearalenol, β-zearalenol and zearalenone in urine by LC-MS/MS. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2013; 30:987-94. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2013.787656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Domínguez-Romero JC, García-Reyes JF, Molina-Díaz A. Screening and quantitation of multiclass drugs of abuse and pharmaceuticals in hair by fast liquid chromatography electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:2034-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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6
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Applicability of a yeast bioassay in the detection of steroid esters in hair. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 399:1031-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4401-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Revised: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Fang K, Pan X, Huang B, Liu J, Wang Y, Gao J. Simultaneous Derivatization of Hydroxyl and Ketone Groups for the Analysis of Steroid Hormones by GC–MS. Chromatographia 2010. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-010-1736-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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8
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Progress on Keto Groups Derivatization of Steroid Hormones in Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometric Analysis. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1096.2010.00743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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FANG K, PAN XJ, HUANG B, LIU JL, WANG Y, GAO JP. Progress on Keto Groups Derivatization of Steroid Hormones in Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(09)60045-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Stolker AAM, Groot MJ, Lasaroms JJP, Nijrolder AWJM, Blokland MH, Riedmaier I, Becker C, Meyer HHD, Nielen MWF. Detectability of testosterone esters and estradiol benzoate in bovine hair and plasma following pour-on treatment. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 395:1075-87. [PMID: 19705109 PMCID: PMC2758186 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3037-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Revised: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The abuse of synthetic esters of natural steroids such as testosterone and estradiol in cattle fattening and sports is hard to detect via routine urine testing. The esters are rapidly hydrolysed in vivo into substances which are also endogenously present in urine. An interesting alternative can be provided by the analysis of the administered synthetic steroids themselves, i.e., the analysis of intact steroid esters in hair by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). However, retrospective estimation of the application date following a non-compliant finding is hindered by the complexity of the kinetics of the incorporation of steroid esters in hair. In this study, the incorporation of intact steroid esters in hair following pour-on treatment has been studied and critically compared with results from intramuscular treatment. To this end animals were pour-on treated with a hormone cocktail containing testosterone cypionate, testosterone decanoate and estradiol benzoate in different carriers. The animals were either treated using injection and pour-on application once or three times having 1 week between treatments using injection and pour-on application. Animals were slaughtered from 10-12 weeks after the last treatment. Both hair and blood plasma samples were collected and analysed by LC/MS/MS. From the results, it is concluded that after single treatment the levels of steroid esters in hair drop to CCbeta levels (5-20 microg/kg) after 5-7 weeks. When treatment is repeated two times, the CCbeta levels are reached after 9-11 weeks. Furthermore, in plasma, no steroid esters were detected; not even at the low microgramme per litre level but--in contrast with the pour-on application--after i.m. injection, significant increase of 17beta-testosterone and 17beta-estradiol were observed. These observations suggest that transport of steroid esters after pour-on application is not only performed by blood but also by alternative fluids in the animal so probably the steroid esters are already hydrolysed and epimerized before entering the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A M Stolker
- RIKILT Institute of Food Safety, P.O. Box 230, 6700, AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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11
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Duffy E, Mooney MH, Elliott CT, O'Keeffe M. Studies on the persistence of estradiol benzoate and nortestosterone decanoate in hair of cattle following treatment with growth promoters, determined by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:8090-5. [PMID: 19423119 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Revised: 04/03/2009] [Accepted: 04/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Measurement of steroid esters in bovine hair samples, using sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), provides a powerful tool for identifying animals treated illicitly with growth promoters. The successful application of such testing requires appropriate sampling of hair from treated animals. This paper describes the results of hair analysis by LC-MS/MS for two animal studies in which animals were treated with estradiol-3-benzoate and nortestosterone decanoate. The results from the first animal study indicate that animals treated with these anabolic steroids may not always be identified from analysis of hair samples; positive test results occur sporadically and only for some of the treated animals. The results from the second animal study identify conditions attaching to positive hair samples, such as, that concentrations of steroid esters in hair are related to distance of sampling from point of injection and to time post-treatment, that concentrations of steroid esters in hair are related to dose given to the animal but that this relationship may vary over time post-treatment, and that steroid esters may be measured in regrowth hair taken some weeks after treatment. Steroid esters are determined along the length of the hair, confirming that accumulation of steroid esters into hair occurs from various sources, including blood, sweat and sebum. The reported research provides some useful insights into the mechanisms governing the persistence of steroid esters in bovine hair following illicit treatment with growth promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Duffy
- Ashtown Food Research Centre, Teagasc, Dunsinea, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
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12
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Wang S, Wang XH. Analytical methods for the determination of zeranol residues in animal products: A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 24:573-82. [PMID: 17487598 DOI: 10.1080/02652030601134533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Analytical methods for zeranol residues are reviewed. Zeranol was a widely used as an anabolic promoter, and it could give rise to very low residues in the edible tissues of food animals. Zeranol was officially banned in Europe due to safety concerns because of its potential carcinogenic and endocrine-disrupting biological activity. A few analytical methods for determination of zeranol are reported in the literature and most of the methods such as thin-layer chromatography (TLC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and immunoassay are reviewed in this paper. Specific aspects of analysing zeranol such as sample selection, sample handling, method selection and chromatographic conditions are discussed. The instrumental methods such as LC/MS and GC/MS provide sensitive and specific techniques, but are very laborious and expensive. These methods are suitable for confirmation but not for screening of large numbers of samples. A rapid, sensitive and specific assay is needed to detect positive samples in routine analysis, and immunoassay offers practical advantages over the conventional instrumental methods in rapid analysis of zeranol residues. Immunochemical methods such as enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant assay (ELISA) are simple, rapid and cost-effective, with adequate sensitivity and specificity to detect small molecules. This review can be considered as a basis for further research aimed at identifying the most efficient approaches for the analysis of zeranol.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Faculty of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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13
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Meng P, Fang N, Wang M, Liu H, Chen DDY. Analysis of amphetamine, methamphetamine and methylenedioxy-methamphetamine by micellar capillary electrophoresis using cation-selective exhaustive injection. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:3210-7. [PMID: 16858725 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cation-selective exhaustive injection (CSEI) is used as an on-line concentration method for the high-sensitivity analysis of illicit amphetamines using CE. Optimum conditions for the determination of amphetamine, methamphetamine and methylenedioxy-methamphetamine were investigated. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (25 mM) in 100 mM phosphate buffer (pH 2.9) with 20% methanol as organic additive was used as the background electrolyte for CE separation. The LOD, based on an S/N of 3:1, was about 0.01 microg/mL using normal capillary micellar electrokinetic chromatography, while by using CSEI in combination with micellar sweeping the sensitivity increased up to 1000-fold with the LOD lower than 50 pg/mL. The reproducibility of CSEI combined with micellar sweeping for analyzing amphetamines was satisfactory (relative standard deviation around 10% by using area ratios against an internal standard). This method is highly sensitive and can be used to analyze trace amount amphetamines in human hair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinjia Meng
- Department of Forensic Science, China Peoples Public Security University, Beijing, China
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14
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Gratacós-Cubarsí M, Castellari M, Valero A, García-Regueiro JA. Hair analysis for veterinary drug monitoring in livestock production. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2006; 834:14-25. [PMID: 16564753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2005] [Revised: 02/24/2006] [Accepted: 03/02/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the basic information and applications concerning the use of hair analysis for the detection of misuse of therapeutic and anabolic agents in livestock animals. Hair biology, hair-shaft structure and the mechanisms of drug incorporation are described, considering the different factors which can affect the deposition. Sampling and extraction methods are reviewed with special attention to the particularities of this matrix, while the use of different analytical techniques is discussed, taking into account the concentration and the sensitivity required for drug detection. Advantages, drawbacks, promising prospects and possible applications of this technique in the future are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gratacós-Cubarsí
- Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology, Meat Technology Centre, IRTA-CTC -- Food Chemistry Unit, Granja Camps i Armet s/n, Monells 17121, Girona, Spain
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16
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Gratacós-Cubarsí M, Castellari M, García-Regueiro JA. Detection of sulphamethazine residues in cattle and pig hair by HPLC–DAD. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2006; 832:121-6. [PMID: 16442352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2005] [Revised: 01/03/2006] [Accepted: 01/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An HPLC method with diode array detection (DAD) is proposed for the detection of sulphamethazine (SMZ) residues in pig and cattle hair. Hair samples were extracted under alkaline conditions (NH4OH 0.2M for calf samples and NaOH 0.1M for piglet samples) and purified with a dual solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge system (reverse phase/strong-cation exchange). Recovery of SMZ in fortified samples varied from 70 to 85%, with a limit of quantification of 0.155 ng/mg. Residues of SMZ (7.2-59.2 ng/mg) were detected both in calf and piglet hairs after a therapeutic treatment with SMZ, while no interfering peak was observed in samples from untreated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gratacós-Cubarsí
- IRTA-CTC, Food Chemistry Unit, Granja Camps i Armet s/n, 17121 Monells (Girona), Spain
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17
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Srogi K. Hair Analysis as Method for Determination of Level of Drugs and Pharmaceutical in Human Body: Review of Chromatographic Procedures. ANAL LETT 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710500476821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Rambaud L, Bichon E, Cesbron N, André F, Bizec BL. Study of 17β-estradiol-3-benzoate, 17α-methyltestosterone and medroxyprogesterone acetate fixation in bovine hair. Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.10.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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19
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Laban A, Markovic S, Stankov M, Djurdjevic P. Simultaneous Determination of Gestodene and Ethinyl Estradiol in Contraceptive Formulations by RP‐HPLC. ANAL LETT 2004. [DOI: 10.1081/al-120027792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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20
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Quintana JB, Carpinteiro J, Rodríguez I, Lorenzo RA, Carro AM, Cela R. Determination of natural and synthetic estrogens in water by gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1024:177-85. [PMID: 14753720 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2003.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A procedure for the determination of six natural and synthetic estrogens (diethylstilbestrol, estrone, 17beta-estradiol, mestranol, 17alpha-ethinylestradiol and estriol) in water samples is described. Samples, up to 2000 ml, were concentrated using Oasis HLB solid-phase extraction cartridges. Analytes were derivatized with N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide and determined by GC-MS or GC-MS-MS. The reactivity of several silylation reagents versus aliphatic and aromatic hydroxyl groups contained in the structure of the selected analytes was evaluated. Influence of parameters such as sample pH, nature of the water samples and derivatization conditions on the performance of the whole analytical procedure was systematically studied. Under optimal conditions, quantification limits between 1 and 3 ng/l were achieved for the determination of the considered estrogens in sewage water.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Quintana
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15708, Spain
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Marques MAS, Pereira HMG, Aquino Neto FRD. Controle de dopagem de anabolizantes: o perfil esteroidal e suas regulações. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2003. [DOI: 10.1590/s1517-86922003000100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
O conceito de perfil esteroidal é discutido neste artigo. As principais vias biossintéticas são apresentadas. A importância do monitoramento do perfil esteroidal é demonstrada dentro da clínica médica e da medicina esportiva. Parâmetros da literatura para a identificação de dopagem por esteróides endógenos são apresentados, assim como os fatores que acarretam alterações no perfil esteroidal normal. É dada atenção especial a essa última abordagem.
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2001; 36:976-987. [PMID: 11523099 DOI: 10.1002/jms.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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