Flow-injection analysis study of the chemiluminescent behaviour of proflavine and acriflavine

Potassium permanganate-acridine yellow chemiluminescence system for the determination of fluvoxamine, isoniazid and ceftriaxone

Based on the oxidation of acridine yellow by permanganate in basic medium, a new chemiluminescence system was developed for the sensitive determination of some important drugs. The remarkable inhibiting effect of fluvoxamine, ceftriaxone and isoniazid on this reaction was applied to their detection. A possible mechanism was proposed for this system based on chemiluminescence emission wavelengths and experimental observations. Under optimum conditions, calibration graphs were obtained for 1 × 10(-9) to 1 × 10(-6) mol/L of fluvoxamine; 2 × 10(-8) to 8 × 10(-6) mol/L of ceftriaxone and 5 × 10(-8) to 4 × 10(-5) mol/L of isoniazid. This proposed method was satisfactorily used in the determination of these drugs in pharmaceutical samples and human urine and serum.

Investigation on the inclusion and toxicity of acriflavine with cyclodextrins: a spectroscopic approach

Acriflavine hydrochloride (AFN) is a prospective drug worn in the eradication of HIV1 infection. The toxicity and adverse side effects renders the potent drug to limits its usage. However, to overcome the dilemma we have aimed to select carriers with great complexation efficiencies in different cyclodextrins (CDs) of varying cavity size. The interaction of AFN with α, β and γ-CDs were investigated using absorption and steady state as well as lifetime measurements. From the obtained data it was found that AFN fits in the cavity of α and β-CDs but unable to form inclusion complex with γ-CD. The effect of quencher molecules during the inclusion phenomena of AFN with CDs was explored via steady state measurements. The nature of binding forces responsible for the inclusion of AFN with CDs was discussed by using thermodynamic parameters. Using Benesi-Hildebrand equation the stoichiometry of AFN with CDs was predominantly found to be 1:1. To get deeper in situ, the in vitro toxicity of AFN and its complexation product were probed by Artemia salina sp. The toxicity of AFN was reduced when complexed with α and β-CDs.

Acidic potassium permanganate as a chemiluminescence reagent—A review

A critical and comprehensive review of acidic potassium permanganate chemiluminescence is presented. This includes discussion on reaction conditions, the influence of enhancers such as polyphosphates, formaldehyde and sulfite, the relationship between analyte structure and chemiluminescence intensity, and the application of this chemistry to determine a wide variety of compounds, such as pharmaceuticals, biomolecules, antioxidants, illicit drugs, pesticides and pollutants. Previous proposals for the nature of the emitting species are re-evaluated in light of recent evidence.

Photoinduced chemiluminescence of pharmaceuticals

A screening test for the forward development of chemiluminescence systems able to determine pharmaceutical compounds is reported. The test is based on the on-line photodegradation of the drugs by using a photoreactor consisting of 697 cmx0.5 mm PTFE tubing helically coiled around an 8 W low-pressure mercury lamp. Photodegraded pharmaceuticals are detected by direct chemiluminescence of the resulting photofragments and their subsequent reaction with potassium permanganate in sulphuric acid medium as oxidant. The screening comprised 97 compounds with different molecular structures and relevant members of the most important families of pharmaceuticals are tested (amino acids, carboxylic acids, nitrocompounds, phenyl-alkyl and aromatic amines, sulphonic acid amides, polycarbocyclics, monocyclic N-containing heterocyclics, bicyclic N-containing heterocyclics, tricyclic N-containing heterocyclics, N-S containing heterocyclics...). Due to the relevant influence of the medium for the photodegradation a wide range of pH's and buffer solutions were studied. The proposed strategy (photoinduced chemiluminescence, Ph-CL) allows the development of systems for the determination of many pharmaceuticals which do not present "native" chemiluminescence (e.g. chloramphenicol, dextromethorpham, riboflavin, ephedrine, piperazinamide, chlotrimazole, theophylline...). Moreover, Ph-CL allows to increase the sensitivity of chemiluminescence procedures based on direct chemiluminescence detection (e.g. sulphonamides, thiazides, nicontinamide, nortryptiline, levamisole, phenylbarbituric acid...).