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Rahi Roy D, Roy K, Panserat S, Stejskal V, Mraz J, Turchini GM. Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) composition of fish sperm: nexus of dietary, evolutionary, and biomechanical drivers. Prog Lipid Res 2024; 96:101305. [PMID: 39566856 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 11/06/2024] [Accepted: 11/13/2024] [Indexed: 11/22/2024]
Abstract
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) like arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) constitute one-third to half of fish sperm lipids. Fish sperm is rich in phospholipid (PL)-primarily phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and sphingomyelin. DHA is generally the most abundant LC-PUFA in each PL class, followed by competition between ARA and EPA. While the total n-6: n-3 PUFA ratio does not correlate significantly with sperm biomechanics, LC-PUFA do. DHA positively influences sperm biomechanics, while ARA and EPA may be negatively associated. Fish sperm maintains lower (≤1) total n-6 PUFA per unit of n-3 PUFA but keep a higher (>1) ARA per unit EPA. A weak dietary influence on sperm EPA and DHA exists but not on ARA. The DHA: EPA ratio in fish sperm is often >1, though values <1 occur. Certain species cannot fortify DHA sufficiently during spermatogenesis, diverging through whole genome duplications. Fish sperm can show ARA: EPA ratios greater or less than 1, due to shifts in prostaglandin pathways in different evolutionary eras. DHA-rich PL bilayers provide unique packing and fusogenic properties, with ARA/EPA-derived eicosanoids guiding sperm rheotaxis/chemotaxis, modulated by DHA-derived resolvins. Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5n-3) sometimes substitutes for DHA in fish sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Rahi Roy
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Koushik Roy
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic.
| | - Stephane Panserat
- Université de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, NUMEA, 64310 Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Vlastimil Stejskal
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Mraz
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Giovanni M Turchini
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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Lester RE, Macqueen A, Armstrong EK, Dodemaide DT, Dwyer GK, Mock TS, Payne S, Smith M, Storen M, Webb L. Can freshwater plants and algae act as an effective feed supplement to reduce methane emissions from ruminant livestock? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169296. [PMID: 38104811 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Methane production by livestock is a substantial component of greenhouse gas emissions worldwide. The marine red algae, Asparagopsis taxiformis, has been identified as a possible supplement in livestock feeds due to its potent inhibition of methane production but currently is unable to be produced at scale. Finding additional taxa that inhibit methane production is therefore desirable. Here we provide foundational evidence of methanogenesis-inhibiting properties in Australian freshwater plants and algae, reviewing candidate species and testing species' chemical composition and efficacy in vitro. Candidate plant species and naturally-occurring algal mixes were collected and assessed for ability to reduce methane in batch testing and characterised for biochemical composition, lipids and fatty acids, minerals and DNA. We identified three algal mixes and one plant (Montia australasica) with potential to reduce methane yield in in vitro batch assay trials. All three algal mixes contained Spirogyra, although additional testing would be needed to confirm this alga was responsible for the observed activity. For the two samples that underwent multiple dose testing, Algal mix 1 (predominantly Spirogyra maxima) and M. australasica, there seems to be an optimum dose but sources, harvesting and storage conditions potentially determine their methanogenesis-inhibiting activity. Based on their compositions, fatty acids are likely to be acting to reduce methane in Algal mix 1 while M. australasica likely contains substantial amounts of the flavonoids apigenin and kaempferol, which are associated with methane reduction. Based on their mineral composition, the samples tested would be safe for livestock consumption at an inclusion rate of 20%. Thus, we identified multiple Australian species that have potential to be used as a feed supplement to reduce methane yield in livestock which may be suitable for individual farmers to grow and feed, reducing complexities of supply associated with marine alternatives and suggesting avenues for investigation for similar species elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Lester
- Centre for Regional and Rural Futures, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia.
| | - Ashley Macqueen
- Centre for Regional and Rural Futures, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Emily K Armstrong
- Centre for Regional and Rural Futures, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - David T Dodemaide
- Centre for Regional and Rural Futures, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Georgia K Dwyer
- Centre for Regional and Rural Futures, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Thomas S Mock
- Nutrition and Seafood Laboratory, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Stephanie Payne
- School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Michael Smith
- Centre for Regional and Rural Futures, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Michaela Storen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Lawrence Webb
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
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Lopez A, Bellagamba F, Moretti VM. Nutritional quality traits of Mediterranean mussels ( Mytilus galloprovincialis): A sustainable aquatic food product available on Italian market all year round. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2023; 29:718-728. [PMID: 35790391 DOI: 10.1177/10820132221109582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) coming from Italian production were purchased in the most important Italian wholesale fish market in different seasons. Biometrical parameters and chemical composition were investigated, with a particular focus on lipid quality and fatty acids (FAs) composition. Results showed a valuable nutritional profile independently by the season of production, represented by high protein and low-fat content, with the lipid portion represented by high amounts of beneficial FAs, particularly the long chain of the n-3 series. Some differences (p < 0.05) were found in carbohydrates and fat content of mussels edible tissues and in FAs profile of specimens collected in different seasons. The most favourable composition in terms of lipid quality was found in mussels collected during spring, corresponding to the moment of the year when mussels store energy reserves in the form of carbohydrates and fat (preparing for the spawning events) and when seawater is enriched in phytoplankton. The lipid health indices calculated (n6/n3, AI, TI) showed optimal values independently by the season of production. The outcomes obtained in this study could help supporting the appreciation of Mediterranean mussels as nutritional valuable seafood product, thus helping encouraging their consumption and promoting the appraisal of this farming sector essential for Italian aquaculture and related to low environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalaura Lopez
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Federica Bellagamba
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Vittorio Maria Moretti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
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Proximate composition and lipid nutritional indices of larvae and pupae of the edible Huhu beetle (Prionoplus reticularis) endemic to New Zealand. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Morsy MK, Sami R, Algarni E, Al-Mushhin AAM, Benajiba N, A. A, Almasoudi AG, Mekawi E. Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Sesame Seed (Sesamum indicum) By-Products for Stability and Shelf Life Improvement of Refined Olive Oil. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020338. [PMID: 35204220 PMCID: PMC8868781 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The by-product of sesame seed coats from the tahini industry was used for the extraction of bioactive compounds as novel antioxidants. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of a natural antioxidant on the quality of refined olive oil (ROO) stored at 60 ± 1 °C for up to 48 days. The lyophilized sesame seed coats extract (LSSCE) was placed into fresh ROO at three levels, i.e., 200, 400, and 600 mg kg−1, and compared with 200 mg kg−1 BHT (reference) and without antioxidant (control). LSSCE exhibited high phenolic (105.9 mg GAE g−1) and lignin (6.3 mg g−1) contents as well as antioxidant activity based on HPLC/DAD. In ROO samples, Including LSSCE, the values of peroxide, p-anisidine, K232, and K270 were remarkably lower than control during storage. The kinetic rate constant (k) of oxidation indicators was the lowest in ROO samples containing BHT and LSSCE 600 mg kg−1compared with other treatments. LSSCE improved the organoleptic acceptability of ROO samples up to 48 days of storage. Moreover, the shelf life (assuming a Q10 value of 2.0 for lipid oxidation) of ROO treated with LSSCE was increased. The findings revealed that LSSCE is a promising natural antioxidant in delaying oxidation, enhancing oil stability, and prolonging the shelf life (~475 days at ambient temperature).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed K. Morsy
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Benha 13736, Qaluobia, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.K.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Rokayya Sami
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (M.K.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Eman Algarni
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amina A. M. Al-Mushhin
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nada Benajiba
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Deanship of Preparatory Year, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Almasoudi A.
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box. 42734, Jeddah 21551, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abeer G. Almasoudi
- Food Science Department, College of Science, Branch of the College at Turbah, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Enas Mekawi
- Department of Agricultural Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Benha 13736, Qaluobia, Egypt;
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Jorge A, Machado MG, Alexandre CM, Silva MGD, Almeida PR, Lança MJ. Proximate Composition, Nutritional Lipid Quality, and Health Indices of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides Lacépède, 1802) from Several Mediterranean Reservoirs. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2021.2008080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André Jorge
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- MARE - Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - M. Graça Machado
- DEPARTAMENTO de ZOOTECNIA, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Carlos M. Alexandre
- MARE - Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Marco Gomes da Silva
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro R. Almeida
- MARE - Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - M. João Lança
- MED – Instituto Mediterrânico Para a Agricultura, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento & Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
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Pereira G, Simões P, Bexiga R, Silva E, Mateus L, Fernandes T, Alves SP, Bessa RJB, Lopes-da-Costa L. Effects of feeding rumen-protected linseed fat to postpartum dairy cows on plasma n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations and metabolic and reproductive parameters. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:361-374. [PMID: 34635360 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
High-yielding dairy cows experience a negative energy balance and inflammatory status during the transition period. Fat supplementation increases diet energy density, and plasma n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have been proposed to improve immune function. This study tested the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with a rumen-protected and n-3 PUFA-enriched fat could ameliorate both the energetic deficit and immune status of postpartum high-yielding dairy cows, improving overall health and reproductive efficiency. At 11 d in milk (DIM), cows were randomly allocated to groups (1) n-3 PUFA (n = 29), supplemented with encapsulated linseed oil supplying additional up to 64 g/d (mean 25 ± 4 g/d) of α-linolenic acid (ALA), or (2) control (n = 31), supplemented with hydrogenated palm oil without ALA content. Fat supplements of the n-3 PUFA and control groups were available through an automated, off-parlor feeding system, and intake depended on the cow's feeding behavior. Plasma ALA concentrations were higher in n-3 PUFA than control cows, following a linear relation with supplement ingestion, resulting in a lower n-6/n-3 ratio in plasma. Metabolic parameters (body condition score and glucose and β-hydroxybutyric acid blood concentrations) were unaffected, but milk yield improved with increased intake of fat supplements. Plasma total adiponectin concentrations were negatively correlated with ingestion of n-3 PUFA-enriched fat supplement, following a linear relation with intake. Conception rate to first AI increased with higher intake of both fats, but a decrease of calving-to-conception interval occurred only in n-3 PUFA cows. Postpartum ovarian activity and endometrial inflammatory status at 45 DIM were unaffected. In conclusion, this study evinced a positive linear relation between rumen-protected linseed fat intake and plasma n-3 PUFA concentrations, which modulated adiponectin expression and improved reproductive parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Pereira
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Simões
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Bexiga
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Silva
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luisa Mateus
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tatiane Fernandes
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Susana P Alves
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rui J B Bessa
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luis Lopes-da-Costa
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Effects of dietary choline on liver lipid composition, liver histology and plasma biochemistry of juvenile yellowtail kingfish ( Seriola lalandi). Br J Nutr 2021; 125:1344-1358. [PMID: 32943119 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520003669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Choline plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism for fish, and its deficiency in aquafeed has been linked to compromised health and growth performance. A 56-d experiment was conducted to examine the effects of dietary choline on lipid composition, histology and plasma biochemistry of yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi; YTK; 156 g initial body weight). The dietary choline content ranged from 0·59 to 6·22 g/kg diet. 2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) (3 g/kg) was added to diets, except for a control diet, to limit de novo choline synthesis. The results showed that the liver lipid content of YTK was similar among diets containing AMP and dominated by NEFA. In contrast, fish fed the control diet had significantly elevated liver TAG. Generally, the SFA, MUFA and PUFA content of liver lipid in fish fed diets containing AMP was not influenced by choline content. The SFA and MUFA content of liver lipid in fish fed the control diet was similar to other diets except for a decrease in PUFA. The linear relationship between lipid digestibility and plasma cholesterol was significant, otherwise most parameters were unaffected. When AMP is present, higher dietary choline reduced the severity of some hepatic lesions. The present study demonstrated that choline deficiency affects some plasma and liver histology parameters in juvenile YTK which might be useful fish health indicators. Importantly, the present study elucidated potential reasons for lower growth in choline-deficient YTK and increased the knowledge on choline metabolism in the fish.
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9
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Energy depletion and opportunistic microbial colonisation in white syndrome lesions from corals across the Indo-Pacific. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19990. [PMID: 33203914 PMCID: PMC7672225 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76792-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Corals are dependent upon lipids as energy reserves to mount a metabolic response to biotic and abiotic challenges. This study profiled lipids, fatty acids, and microbial communities of healthy and white syndrome (WS) diseased colonies of Acropora hyacinthus sampled from reefs in Western Australia, the Great Barrier Reef, and Palmyra Atoll. Total lipid levels varied significantly among locations, though a consistent stepwise decrease from healthy tissues from healthy colonies (HH) to healthy tissue on WS-diseased colonies (HD; i.e. preceding the lesion boundary) to diseased tissue on diseased colonies (DD; i.e. lesion front) was observed, demonstrating a reduction in energy reserves. Lipids in HH tissues were comprised of high energy lipid classes, while HD and DD tissues contained greater proportions of structural lipids. Bacterial profiling through 16S rRNA gene sequencing and histology showed no bacterial taxa linked to WS causation. However, the relative abundance of Rhodobacteraceae-affiliated sequences increased in DD tissues, suggesting opportunistic proliferation of these taxa. While the cause of WS remains inconclusive, this study demonstrates that the lipid profiles of HD tissues was more similar to DD tissues than to HH tissues, reflecting a colony-wide systemic effect and provides insight into the metabolic immune response of WS-infected Indo-Pacific corals.
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Lin CC, Sengee A, Mjøs SA. Minor compounds and potential interferents in gas chromatographic analyses of human serum fatty acids. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1138:121963. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Martins E, Almeida PR, Quintella BR, da Silva MG, Lança MJ. Muscle fatty acid profiles of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus L.) indicate the use of fast metabolized energy during ontogenesis. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:849-862. [PMID: 30368685 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0580-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive characterization of muscle's FA composition of sea lamprey ammocoetes and adults was performed to test the hypothesis that larvae, and early spawning migrants have a similar FA profile prior to metamorphosis and to spawning migration. Subsequently, the role played by FA signature in these two highly demanding stages of life cycle was inferred. The results confirm that muscle represents an important fat reservoir, and the FA trophic markers revealed the importance of bacteria as sources of iso and anteiso FA and the strong trophic representation of benthic phytoplankton (diatoms) to larvae muscle FA profile. In early spawning migrants, the significance of marine food web to FA muscle profile is highlighted by the presence of FA signatures characteristics of herbivorous calanoid copepods. Although both life cycle phases studied do not share the same muscle FA signature, there is a part of the profile that is common, which is characterized by FA used in β-oxidation, such as C18:1ω9 but also by medium chain FA and PUFA which points that PUFA are spared as fuel to β-oxidation process and probably used to the development of tissues membranes (ammocoetes) and gonadal development and eicosanoid production among others (early spawning migrants). Further studies on FA profile are necessary to elucidate the FA role either during different life stages (ontogeny) or in the distinct habitats frequented (freshwater versus marine) by this diadromous species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elói Martins
- LAQV, REQUIMTE-Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro R Almeida
- Departamento de Biologia, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, 7004-516, Évora, Portugal
- MARE-Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Universidade de Évora, 7004-516, Évora, Portugal
| | - Bernardo R Quintella
- MARE-Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Universidade de Évora, 7004-516, Évora, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marco Gomes da Silva
- LAQV, REQUIMTE-Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Maria João Lança
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, 7004-516, Évora, Portugal.
- ICAAM-Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Évora, Largo dos Colegiais 2, 7004-516, Évora, Portugal.
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Margetín M, Oravcová M, Margetínová J, Kubinec R. Fatty acids in intramuscular fat of Ile de France lambs in two different production systems. Arch Anim Breed 2018; 61:395-403. [PMID: 32175446 PMCID: PMC7065406 DOI: 10.5194/aab-61-395-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The fatty acid (FA) composition in the intramuscular fat (IMF) of the musculus longissimus dorsi (MLD) of Ile de France purebred lambs in two different production systems in Slovakia was evaluated using gas chromatography. In the first production system, lambs and ewes were assigned to pasture without access to concentrates (P). In the second system, lambs and ewes were confined indoors with hay/silage and access to concentrates (S). An analysis of variance with the following factors was employed: production system, sex, and production system-sex interactions. The proportions of arachidonic, eicosapentaeonic, docosapentaeonic, and docosahexaenoic FAs, i.e. long-chain polyunsaturated FA (PUFA), were significantly higher in P lambs (1.83, 0.82, 0.92, 0.29 g 100 g- 1 FAME, respectively) than in S lambs (0.45, 0.14, 0.30, 0.09 g 100 g- 1 FAME, respectively). The proportions of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), n-6 PUFA, n-3 PUFA, and essential FA (linoleic and α -linolenic) were also significantly higher in P lambs (2.10, 8.50, 4.55, and 8.80 g 100 g- 1 FAME, respectively) than in S lambs (0.65, 3.27, 1.50, and 3.64 g 100 g- 1 FAME, respectively). The proportions of palmitic acid and myristic acid as important individual saturated FAs (SFA) were significantly higher in S lambs (28.51 and 8.30 g 100 g- 1 FAME, respectively) than in P lambs (21.80 and 5.63 g 100 g- 1 FAME, respectively). The proportion of all SFAs was also significantly higher in S lambs (57.87 g 100 g- 1 FAME) than in P lambs (48.70 g 100 g- 1 FAME). From a nutrition and human health point of view (i.e. higher proportions of PUFA, CLA, and essential FAs and lower proportions of SFAs), meat from P lambs was found to be more favourable and would be more highly recommended for consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Margetín
- Department for Animal Husbandry Systems, Breeding and Product Quality,
National Agricultural and Food Centre – Research Institute of Animal
Production Nitra, 95141 Lužianky, Slovakia
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food
Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Marta Oravcová
- Department for Animal Husbandry Systems, Breeding and Product Quality,
National Agricultural and Food Centre – Research Institute of Animal
Production Nitra, 95141 Lužianky, Slovakia
| | - Jana Margetínová
- Department for Animal Husbandry Systems, Breeding and Product Quality,
National Agricultural and Food Centre – Research Institute of Animal
Production Nitra, 95141 Lužianky, Slovakia
| | - Róbert Kubinec
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius
University in Bratislava, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
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13
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Bennett H, Bell JJ, Davy SK, Webster NS, Francis DS. Elucidating the sponge stress response; lipids and fatty acids can facilitate survival under future climate scenarios. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:3130-3144. [PMID: 29505691 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ocean warming (OW) and ocean acidification (OA) are threatening coral reef ecosystems, with a bleak future forecast for reef-building corals, which are already experiencing global declines in abundance. In contrast, many coral reef sponge species are able to tolerate climate change conditions projected for 2100. To increase our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning this tolerance, we explored the lipid and fatty acid (FA) composition of four sponge species with differing sensitivities to climate change, experimentally exposed to OW and OA levels predicted for 2100, under two CO2 Representative Concentration Pathways. Sponges with greater concentrations of storage lipid, phospholipids, sterols and elevated concentrations of n-3 and n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated FA (LC PUFA), were more resistant to OW. Such biochemical constituents likely contribute to the ability of these sponges to maintain membrane function and cell homeostasis in the face of environmental change. Our results suggest that n-3 and n-6 LC PUFA are important components of the sponge stress response potentially via chain elongation and the eicosanoid stress-signalling pathways. The capacity for sponges to compositionally alter their membrane lipids in response to stress was also explored using a number of specific homeoviscous adaptation (HVA) indicators. This revealed a potential mechanism via which additional CO2 could facilitate the resistance of phototrophic sponges to thermal stress through an increased synthesis of membrane-stabilizing sterols. Finally, OW induced an increase in FA unsaturation in phototrophic sponges but a decrease in heterotrophic species, providing support for a difference in the thermal response pathway between the sponge host and the associated photosymbionts. Here we have shown that sponge lipids and FA are likely to be an important component of the sponge stress response and may play a role in facilitating sponge survival under future climate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Bennett
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - James J Bell
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Simon K Davy
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Nicole S Webster
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David S Francis
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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14
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Trbović D, Polak T, Demšar L, Parunović N, Dimitrijević M, Nikolić D, Đorđević V. Determination of the fatty acids in fish tissue and feed — comparison of different methods and statistical evaluation. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2018. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2017.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Trbović
- Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Kaćanskog 13, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - T. Polak
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Food Science and Technology, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - L. Demšar
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Food Science and Technology, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - N. Parunović
- Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Kaćanskog 13, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M. Dimitrijević
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bulevar oslobođenja 18, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - D. Nikolić
- Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Kaćanskog 13, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - V. Đorđević
- Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Kaćanskog 13, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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15
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Waktola HD, Mjøs SA. Chromatographic efficiency of polar capillary columns applied for the analysis of fatty acid methyl esters by gas chromatography. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:1582-1592. [PMID: 29314609 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The chromatographic efficiency that could be achieved in temperature-programmed gas chromatography was compared for four capillary columns that are typically applied for analysis of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). Three different carrier gases, hydrogen, helium and nitrogen, were applied. For each experiment, the carrier gas velocities and the temperature rates were varied with a full 9 × 3 design, with nine levels on the carrier gas velocity and temperature rates of 1, 2 or 3°C/min. Response surface methodology was used to create models of chromatographic efficiency as a function of temperature rate and carrier gas velocity. The chromatographic efficiency was defined as the inverse of peak widths measured in retention index units. The final results were standardized so that the efficiencies that could be achieved within a certain time frame, defined by the retention time of the last compound in the chromatogram, could be compared. The results show that there were clear differences in the efficiencies that could be achieved with the different columns and that the efficiency decreased with increasing polarity of the stationary phase. The differences can be explained by higher resistance to mass transfer in the stationary phase in the most polar columns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Svein A Mjøs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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16
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Zhang Q, Wong MKS, Li Y, Li Y, Takei Y. Changes in Plasma and Tissue Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (LC-PUFA) Content in the Eel Anguilla japonica After External and Internal Osmotic Stress. Zoolog Sci 2017; 34:429-437. [PMID: 28990478 DOI: 10.2108/zs170031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of external and internal osmotic stress on the profile of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in euryhaline eels Anguilla japonica. Freshwater (FW) fish were transferred to seawater (SW) for external osmotic stress or subjected to internal stress through injection with hypertonic saline. FW eels injected with isotonic saline served as controls. Plasma osmolality, Na+ concentration, and gill Na+/K+ -ATPase activity increased, but hematocrit decreased compared with controls in eels exposed to external or internal osmotic stress. The expression of two major transporter genes for SW adaptation, the Na+ -K+ -2Cl - co-transporter 1a (NKCC1a) in the gill and NKCC2b in the intestine, was up-regulated only in SW-transferred eels, suggesting a direct impact of SW on the gill and intestine via SW ingestion. Total LC-PUFA contents and DHA (22:6 n-3) increased in the gill and liver of SW-transferred eels and in the intestine of hypertonic saline-injected eels. However, total LC-PUFA content in plasma decreased after both external and internal osmotic stimuli. In contrast, the gene expression of two key enzymes involved in the LC-PUFA biosynthesis, Δ6 fatty acid desaturase and elongase, did not change in the gill, intestine and liver of osmotically stressed eels. These results indicate that LC-PUFA is possibly involved in osmoregulation and the increased LC-PUFA contents of osmoregulatory organs might be a result of LC-PUFA transport via circulation, rather than through de novo biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghao Zhang
- 1 Marine Biology Institute & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Marty K S Wong
- 2 Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Marine Bioscience, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
| | - Yiqi Li
- 3 School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Yuanyou Li
- 1 Marine Biology Institute & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.,2 Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Marine Bioscience, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8564, Japan.,4 School of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Yoshio Takei
- 2 Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Marine Bioscience, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
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17
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Conlan JA, Rocker MM, Francis DS. A comparison of two common sample preparation techniques for lipid and fatty acid analysis in three different coral morphotypes reveals quantitative and qualitative differences. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3645. [PMID: 28785524 PMCID: PMC5544933 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipids are involved in a host of biochemical and physiological processes in corals. Therefore, changes in lipid composition reflect changes in the ecology, nutrition, and health of corals. As such, accurate lipid extraction, quantification, and identification is critical to obtain comprehensive insight into a coral’s condition. However, discrepancies exist in sample preparation methodology globally, and it is currently unknown whether these techniques generate analogous results. This study compared the two most common sample preparation techniques for lipid analysis in corals: (1) tissue isolation by air-spraying and (2) crushing the coral in toto. Samples derived from each preparation technique were subsequently analysed to quantify lipids and their constituent classes and fatty acids in four common, scleractinian coral species representing three distinct morphotypes (Acropora millepora, Montipora crassotuberculata, Porites cylindrica, and Pocillopora damicornis). Results revealed substantial amounts of organic material, including lipids, retained in the skeletons of all species following air-spraying, causing a marked underestimation of total lipid concentration using this method. Moreover, lipid class and fatty acid compositions between the denuded skeleton and sprayed tissue were substantially different. In particular, the majority of the total triacylglycerol and total fatty acid concentrations were retained in the skeleton (55–69% and 56–64%, respectively). As such, the isolated, sprayed tissue cannot serve as a reliable proxy for lipid quantification or identification in the coral holobiont. The in toto crushing method is therefore recommended for coral sample preparation prior to lipid analysis to capture the lipid profile of the entire holobiont, permitting accurate diagnoses of coral condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Conlan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Warrnambool, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Melissa M Rocker
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - David S Francis
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Warrnambool, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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18
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Candida antarctica lipase A effectively concentrates DHA from fish and thraustochytrid oils. Food Chem 2017; 229:509-516. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.02.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Akter S, Kurotani K, Sato M, Hayashi T, Kuwahara K, Matsushita Y, Nakagawa T, Konishi M, Honda T, Yamamoto S, Hayashi T, Noda M, Mizoue T. High Serum Phospholipid Dihomo-γ-Linoleic Acid Concentration and Low Δ5-Desaturase Activity Are Associated with Increased Risk of Type 2 Diabetes among Japanese Adults in the Hitachi Health Study. J Nutr 2017; 147:1558-1566. [PMID: 28637686 DOI: 10.3945/jn.117.248997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The association between the circulating fatty acid (FA) composition and type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been reported in Western populations, but evidence is scarce among Asian populations, including Japanese, who consume large amounts of fish.Objective: The objective of the present study was to prospectively examine the association between circulating concentrations of individual FAs and T2D incidence among Japanese adults.Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study in a cohort of 4754 employees, aged 34-69 y, who attended a comprehensive health checkup in 2008-2009 and donated blood samples for the Hitachi Health Study. During 5 y of follow-up, diabetes was identified on the basis of plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and self-report. Two controls matched to each case by sex, age, and date of checkup were randomly chosen by using density sampling, resulting in 336 cases and 678 controls with FA measurements. GC was used to measure the FA composition in serum phospholipids. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the HRs and 95% CIs after adjusting for potential confounders. We examined the association of T2D risk with 25 different individual and combinations of FAs.Results: T2D risk was positively associated with serum dihomo-γ-linoleic acid concentration (highest compared with the lowest quartile-HR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.04, 2.11; P-trend = 0.02) and inversely associated with Δ5-desaturase activity (highest compared with the lowest quartile-HR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.52, 0.99; P-trend = 0.02), independent of body mass index (BMI). There were also inverse associations between T2D risk with serum total n-6 (ω-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), linoleic acid, and cis-vaccenic acid, but these were attenuated and became nonsignificant after adjustment for BMI. Serum n-3 (ω-3) PUFAs and saturated fatty acids (SFAs) were not associated with T2D risk.Conclusions: T2D risk was associated with circulating concentrations of the n-6 PUFA dihomo-γ-linoleic acid and Δ5-desaturase activity but not with n-3 PUFA or SFA concentrations in Japanese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kayo Kurotani
- Departments of Epidemiology and Prevention and.,Department of Nutritional Education, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masao Sato
- Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takuya Hayashi
- Department of Nutritional Education, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kuwahara
- Departments of Epidemiology and Prevention and.,Teikyo University Graduate School of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Matsushita
- Clinical Research Coordination, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Nakagawa
- Hitachi Health Care Center, Hitachi Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan; and
| | | | - Toru Honda
- Hitachi Health Care Center, Hitachi Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan; and
| | | | - Takeshi Hayashi
- Hitachi Health Care Center, Hitachi Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan; and
| | - Mitsuhiko Noda
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
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20
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Compositional Information Useful for Authentication of Krill Oil and the Detection of Adulterants. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-0988-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Wabaidur SM, AlAmmari A, Aqel A, AL-Tamrah SA, Alothman ZA, Ahmed ABH. Determination of free fatty acids in olive oils by UPHLC–MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1031:109-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Puccinelli E, McQuaid CD, Noyon M. Spatio-Temporal Variation in Effects of Upwelling on the Fatty Acid Composition of Benthic Filter Feeders in the Southern Benguela Ecosystem: Not All Upwelling Is Equal. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161919. [PMID: 27570968 PMCID: PMC5003371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Variability in mesoscale nearshore oceanographic conditions plays an important role in the distribution of primary production and food availability for intertidal consumers. Advection of nutrient rich waters by upwelling usually allows the proliferation of diatoms, later replaced by dinoflagellates. We examined upwelling effects on the fatty acid (FA) signature of a benthic intertidal filter feeder to identify its response to pulsed variability in food availability. The study took place in two contrasting seasons and at two upwelling and two non-upwelling sites interspersed within the southern Benguela upwelling system of South Africa. We investigated the FA composition of the adductor muscles and gonads of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis to assess how FA are apportioned to the different tissues and whether this changes between upwelling and non-upwelling conditions. In situ temperature loggers used to identify upwelling conditions at the four sites indicated that such events occurred only at the upwelling centres and only in summer. Tissues differed strongly, with gonads presenting a higher proportion of essential FAs. This could reflect the faster turnover rate of gonad tissue or preferential retention of specific FA for reproductive purposes. FA composition did not vary as a direct function of upwelling, but there were strong dissimilarities among sites. Upwelling influenced mussel diets at one upwelling site while at the other, the expected signature of upwelling was displaced downstream of the core of upwelling. Condition Index (CI) and Gonad Index (GI) differed among sites and were not influenced by upwelling, with GI being comparable among sites. In addition, FA proportions were consistent among sites, indicating similar food quality and quantity over time and under upwelling and non-upwelling conditions. This suggests that the influence of upwelling on the west coast of South Africa is pervasive and diffuse, rather than discrete; while nearshore retention or advection of upwelled water is critical and site-specific so that the effects of upwelling differ even among sites categorised as upwelling centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Puccinelli
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
- Department of Oceanography, Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Margaux Noyon
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
- Marine Research Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa
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23
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Salini MJ, Poppi D, Turchini GM, Glencross BD. Defining the allometric relationship between size and individual fatty acid turnover in barramundi Lates calcarifer. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2016; 201:79-86. [PMID: 27371113 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted with barramundi (Asian seabass; Lates calcarifer) to examine the allometric scaling effect of individual fatty acids. Six treatment size classes of fish were deprived of food for 21days (Treatment A, 10.5±0.13g; Treatment B, 19.2±0.11g; Treatment C, 28.3±0.05g; Treatment D, 122.4±0.10g; Treatment E, 217.6±0.36g; Treatment F, 443.7±1.48g; mean±SD) with each treatment comprising of fifteen fish, in triplicate. The assessment of somatic losses of whole-body energy and lipid were consistent with previous studies, validating the methodology to be extended to individual fatty acids. Live-weight (LW) exponent values were determined to be 0.817±0.010 for energy and 0.895±0.007 for lipid. There were significant differences among the fatty acids ranging from 0.687±0.005 for 20:5n-3 (eicosapentaenoic acid) and 0.954±0.008 for 18:1n-9 (oleic acid). The LW exponent values were applied to existing fatty acid intake and deposition data of barramundi fed with either 100% fish oil or 100% poultry oil. From this the maintenance requirement for each fatty acid was determined. The metabolic demands for maintenance and growth were then iteratively determined for fish over a range of size classes. Application of these exponent values to varying levels of fatty acid intake demonstrated that the biggest driver in the utilisation of fatty acids in this species is deposition demand and despite their reputed importance, the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids had nominal to no maintenance requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Salini
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Warrnambool Campus, Princess Hwy, Warrnambool, VIC, Australia; CSIRO Agriculture, 144 North Street, Woorim, QLD, Australia; CSIRO Agriculture, QLD Biosciences Precinct, Services Rd, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
| | - David Poppi
- CSIRO Agriculture, 144 North Street, Woorim, QLD, Australia; CSIRO Agriculture, QLD Biosciences Precinct, Services Rd, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Giovanni M Turchini
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Warrnambool Campus, Princess Hwy, Warrnambool, VIC, Australia
| | - Brett D Glencross
- Institute of Aquaculture, Stirling University, FK9 4LA Stirling, United Kingdom
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24
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Eicosapentaenoic Acid, Arachidonic Acid and Eicosanoid Metabolism in Juvenile Barramundi Lates calcarifer. Lipids 2016; 51:973-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-016-4167-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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25
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Akanbi TO, Barrow CJ. Lipid profiles, in vitro digestion and oxidative stability of mutton bird oil. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2016; 53:1230-7. [PMID: 27162403 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-2106-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The lipid profile, in vitro digestion and oxidative stability of mutton bird oil were investigated. Wax ester, triacylglycerol and sterol were the major lipids present as determined using capillary chromatography with flame ionisation detector (Iatroscan). Fatty acid analysis by gas chromatography (GC) showed that wax esters had a higher total omega-3 fatty acids content including EPA, DPA and DHA than TAGs (31 % and 24 %, respectively). In TAGs, (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data showed that EPA was statistically positioned at sn-1,3 and sn-2, while DHA was preferentially at sn-2. In vitro digestion using porcine pancreatic lipase resulted in 75 % of TAG and 10 % wax ester hydrolysis in 120 min. As reflected in the measured conjugated dienes (CD) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values during accelerated oxidation at 60 °C for 5 days, the oil was relatively stable against oxidation considering its high omega-3 content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiwo O Akanbi
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Deakin University, Locked Bag, Geelong, VIC 20000 Australia
| | - Colin J Barrow
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Deakin University, Locked Bag, Geelong, VIC 20000 Australia
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26
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Ranjan Moharana T, Byreddy AR, Puri M, Barrow C, Rao NM. Selective Enrichment of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Oils by Phospholipase A1. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151370. [PMID: 26978518 PMCID: PMC4792427 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega fatty acids are recognized as key nutrients for healthier ageing. Lipases are used to release ω-3 fatty acids from oils for preparing enriched ω-3 fatty acid supplements. However, use of lipases in enrichment of ω-3 fatty acids is limited due to their insufficient specificity for ω-3 fatty acids. In this study use of phospholipase A1 (PLA1), which possesses both sn-1 specific activity on phospholipids and lipase activity, was explored for hydrolysis of ω-3 fatty acids from anchovy oil. Substrate specificity of PLA1 from Thermomyces lenuginosus was initially tested with synthetic p-nitrophenyl esters along with a lipase from Bacillus subtilis (BSL), as a lipase control. Gas chromatographic characterization of the hydrolysate obtained upon treatment of anchovy oil with these enzymes indicated a selective retention of ω-3 fatty acids in the triglyceride fraction by PLA1 and not by BSL. 13C NMR spectroscopy based position analysis of fatty acids in enzyme treated and untreated samples indicated that PLA1 preferably retained ω-3 fatty acids in oil, while saturated fatty acids were hydrolysed irrespective of their position. Hydrolysis of structured triglyceride,1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol, suggested that both the enzymes hydrolyse the fatty acids at both the positions. The observed discrimination against ω-3 fatty acids by PLA1 appears to be due to its fatty acid selectivity rather than positional specificity. These studies suggest that PLA1 could be used as a potential enzyme for selective concentrationof ω-3 fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Avinesh R. Byreddy
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Munish Puri
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Colin Barrow
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3220, Australia
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Communod R, Guida S, Vigo D, Beretti V, Munari E, Colombani C, Superchi P, Sabbioni A. Body Measures and Milk Production, Milk Fat Globules Granulometry and Milk Fatty Acid Content in Cabannina Cattle Breed. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2013.e18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Byreddy AR, Barrow CJ, Puri M. Bead milling for lipid recovery from thraustochytrid cells and selective hydrolysis of Schizochytrium DT3 oil using lipase. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 200:464-469. [PMID: 26519698 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Marine microalgae present a renewable alternative source for sustainable production of omega-3 fatty acids, as compared to conventional sources such as krill oil and fish oil. In this study, we optimised a method for lipid extraction from marine thraustochytrids using a bead mill and enzymatic concentration of omega-3 fatty acids from the thraustochytrid oil. The optimised lipid extraction conditions were, bead size 0.4-0.6μm, 4500rpm, 4min of processing time at 5g biomass concentration. The maximum lipid yield (% dry weight basis) achieved at optimum conditions were 40.5% for Schizochytrium sp. S31 (ATCC) and 49.4% for Schizochytrium sp. DT3 (in-house isolate). DT3 oil contained 39.8% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as a percentage of lipid, a higher DHA percentage than S31. Partial hydrolysis of DT3 oil using Candida rugosa lipase was performed to enrich omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the glyceride portion. Total omega-3 fatty acid content was increased to 88.7%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinesh R Byreddy
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia
| | - Colin J Barrow
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia
| | - Munish Puri
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia.
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29
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Zhang YQ, He DC, Meng QX, Wang DC. Effect of steam-flaked corn and soybeans on muscle and intramuscular fatty acid composition in Holstein calves. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:5812-8. [PMID: 26641191 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of steam-flaked corn grains and soybeans on muscle fatty acid composition. Thirty Holstein bull calves (21 ± 3 d) were divided into 3 groups according to birth date and BW and were randomly assigned to receive fresh milk and a commercial pelleted starter diet containing extruded corn and soybean (ECS), steam-flaked corn and soybean (SFCS), or ground corn and raw soybean (GCS). The calves were fed the designated diet from 3 to 13 wk of age, after which they were slaughtered. The supraspinatus (CTM), longissimus lumborum (RLM), and spinalis dorsi (ERM) were analyzed to determine the chemical and intramuscular fatty acid composition. The fatty acid composition of muscle and its deposition differed among calves fed different starter feeds. Medium-chain fatty acid levels of the RLM and CTM were greater in GCS-fed calves than in ECS- and SFCS-fed calves ( < 0.05). Extruded processing increased the content of linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic acids of the RLM ( < 0.05). The palmitoleic and -vaccenic acid content of the ERM were greater in GCS-fed calves than in ECS- or SFCS-fed calves ( < 0.05). No significant differences were observed among the 3 diets with respect to the stearic, oleic, linoleic, -9 -11 CLA, or arachidonic acid content of the ERM ( > 0.05). The levels of -3 and -6 fatty acids were similar among the 3 groups; a lower -6:-3 PUFA ratio was observed in GCS-fed calves ( < 0.05). The cereal processing method of the calf starter feed had no significant effect on the chemical composition of the CTM, RLM, or ERM. Therefore, different methods of processing corn and soybean in calf starter feeds had no effect on the chemical composition of the RLM, CTM, or ERM but had a significant effect on the intramuscular fatty acid composition.
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30
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Akanbi TO, Barrow CJ. Lipase-catalysed incorporation of EPA into emu oil: Formation and characterisation of new structured lipids. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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31
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Structural lipid changes and Na + /K + -ATPase activity of gill cells' basolateral membranes during saltwater acclimation in sea lamprey ( Petromyzon marinus , L.) juveniles. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2015; 189:67-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Rapid effects of essential fatty acid deficiency on growth and development parameters and transcription of key fatty acid metabolism genes in juvenile barramundi (Lates calcarifer). Br J Nutr 2015; 114:1784-96. [PMID: 26411329 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515003529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Barramundi (Lates calcarifer), a catadromous teleost of significant and growing commercial importance, are reported to have limited fatty acid bioconversion capability and therefore require preformed long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) as dietary essential fatty acid (EFA). In this study, the response of juvenile barramundi (47·0 g/fish initial weight) fed isolipidic and isoenergetic diets with 8·2% added oil was tested. The experimental test diets were either devoid of fish oil (FO), and thus with no n-3 LC-PUFA (FO FREE diet), or with a low inclusion of FO (FO LOW diet). These were compared against a control diet containing only FO (FO CTRL diet) as the added lipid source, over an 8-week period. Interim samples and measurements were taken fortnightly during the trial in order to define the aetiology of the onset and progression of EFA deficiency. After 2 weeks, the fish fed the FO FREE and FO LOW diets had significantly lower live-weights, and after 8 weeks significant differences were detected for all performance parameters. The fish fed the FO FREE diet also had a significantly higher incidence of external abnormalities. The transcription of several genes involved in fatty acid metabolism was affected after 2 weeks of feeding, showing a rapid nutritional regulation. This experiment documents the aetiology of the onset and the progression of EFA deficiency in juvenile barramundi and demonstrates that such deficiencies can be detected within 2 weeks in juvenile fish.
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Byreddy AR, Gupta A, Barrow CJ, Puri M. Comparison of Cell Disruption Methods for Improving Lipid Extraction from Thraustochytrid Strains. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:5111-27. [PMID: 26270668 PMCID: PMC4557016 DOI: 10.3390/md13085111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid extraction is an integral part of biodiesel production, as it facilitates the release of fatty acids from algal cells. To utilise thraustochytrids as a potential source for lipid production. We evaluated the extraction efficiency of various solvents and solvent combinations for lipid extraction from Schizochytrium sp. S31 and Thraustochytrium sp. AMCQS5-5. The maximum lipid extraction yield was 22% using a chloroform:methanol ratio of 2:1. We compared various cell disruption methods to improve lipid extraction yields, including grinding with liquid nitrogen, bead vortexing, osmotic shock, water bath, sonication and shake mill. The highest lipid extraction yields were obtained using osmotic shock and 48.7% from Schizochytrium sp. S31 and 29.1% from Thraustochytrium sp. AMCQS5-5. Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid contents were more than 60% in Schizochytrium sp. S31 which suggests their suitability for biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinesh R Byreddy
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Geelong Technology Precinct, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong 3217, Australia.
| | - Adarsha Gupta
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Geelong Technology Precinct, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong 3217, Australia.
| | - Colin J Barrow
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Geelong Technology Precinct, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong 3217, Australia.
| | - Munish Puri
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Geelong Technology Precinct, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong 3217, Australia.
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34
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Dynamics of lipid and fatty acid composition of the hyperiid amphipod Themisto: a bipolar comparison with special emphasis on seasonality. Polar Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-015-1666-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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35
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Chromatographic Methods in the Separation of Long-Chain Mono- and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. J CHEM-NY 2015. [DOI: 10.1155/2015/120830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This review presents various chromatographic systems, TLC, HPLC, GC, and also SFC, developed for identification and accurate quantification of long-chain mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids from different samples with emphasis on selected literature which was published during last decade. Almost all the aspects such as preseparation step of fatty acids (cisandtrans), stationary phase, solvent system, and detection mode are discussed.
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36
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Dietary ALA, But not LNA, Increase Growth, Reduce Inflammatory Processes, and Increase Anti-Oxidant Capacity in the Marine Finfish Larimichthys crocea. Lipids 2014; 50:149-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-014-3970-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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37
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Fatty Acid Composition of Freshwater Wild Fish in Subalpine Lakes: A Comparative Study. Lipids 2014; 50:283-302. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-014-3978-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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38
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Ghasemifard S, Turchini GM, Sinclair AJ. Omega-3 long chain fatty acid “bioavailability”: A review of evidence and methodological considerations. Prog Lipid Res 2014; 56:92-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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39
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Lin CC, Wasta Z, Mjøs SA. Evaluation of the retention pattern on ionic liquid columns for gas chromatographic analyses of fatty acid methyl esters. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1350:83-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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40
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Thyagarajan T, Puri M, Vongsvivut J, Barrow CJ. Evaluation of bread crumbs as a potential carbon source for the growth of thraustochytrid species for oil and omega-3 production. Nutrients 2014; 6:2104-14. [PMID: 24858496 PMCID: PMC4042580 DOI: 10.3390/nu6052104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The utilization of food waste by microorganisms to produce omega-3 fatty acids or biofuel is a potentially low cost method with positive environmental benefits. In the present study, the marine microorganisms Thraustochytrium sp. AH-2 and Schizochytrium sp. SR21 were used to evaluate the potential of breadcrumbs as an alternate carbon source for the production of lipids under static fermentation conditions. For the Thraustochytrium sp. AH-2, submerged liquid fermentation with 3% glucose produced 4.3 g/L of biomass and 44.16 mg/g of saturated fatty acids after seven days. Static fermentation with 0.5% and 1% breadcrumbs resulted in 2.5 and 4.7 g/L of biomass, and 42.4 and 33.6 mg/g of saturated fatty acids, respectively. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies confirmed the growth of both strains on breadcrumbs. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy for both strains were consistent with the utilization of breadcrumbs for the production of unsaturated lipids, albeit at relatively low levels. The total lipid yield for static fermentation with bread crumbs was marginally lower than that of fermentation with glucose media, while the yield of unsaturated fatty acids was considerably lower, indicating that static fermentation may be more appropriate for the production of biodiesel than for the production of omega-3 rich oils in these strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamilselvi Thyagarajan
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia.
| | - Munish Puri
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia.
| | - Jitraporn Vongsvivut
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia.
| | - Colin J Barrow
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3217, Australia.
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41
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Ghasemi Fard S, Linderborg KM, Turchini GM, Sinclair AJ. Comparison of the bioavailability of docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5n-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) in the rat. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2014; 90:23-6. [PMID: 24238887 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Based on the results from a human study which showed significantly reduced incorporation of DPA compared with EPA into chylomicrons, this study was designed to test if dietary DPA was significantly less absorbed than EPA. Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three groups of six, and were fed a semi-synthetic high fat diet (23.5% fat) for 9 days. The test omega 3 fatty acids (EPA and DPA, 250mg/animal/day, free fatty acid form) or olive oil (250mg/animal/day) were added to the high fat diet on days 5, 6 and 7. Dietary EPA and DPA appeared in the faeces on days 6, 7 and 8, with the total amount of DPA excreted being 4.6-fold greater than that of EPA. The total amount of faecal fat did not differ significantly between the groups. At the conclusion of the study (day 9), it was found that liver DPA, EPA and total n-3 LC-PUFA levels were significantly increased by both DPA and EPA feeding compared with the olive oil fed control group. In the heart, DPA feeding increased the DPA content and both DPA and EPA feeding increased the total n-3 LC-PUFA levels. This study showed that DPA and EPA, both provided in free form, are metabolised differently, despite being chemically similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Ghasemi Fard
- Metabolic Research Unit, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Kaisa M Linderborg
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Giovanni M Turchini
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Warrnambool, Australia
| | - Andrew J Sinclair
- Metabolic Research Unit, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
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Norambuena F, Lewis M, Hamid NKA, Hermon K, Donald JA, Turchini GM. Fish oil replacement in current aquaculture feed: is cholesterol a hidden treasure for fish nutrition? PLoS One 2013; 8:e81705. [PMID: 24324720 PMCID: PMC3852530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Teleost fish, as with all vertebrates, are capable of synthesizing cholesterol and as such have no dietary requirement for it. Thus, limited research has addressed the potential effects of dietary cholesterol in fish, even if fish meal and fish oil are increasingly replaced by vegetable alternatives in modern aquafeeds, resulting in progressively reduced dietary cholesterol content. The objective of this study was to determine if dietary cholesterol fortification in a vegetable oil-based diet can manifest any effects on growth and feed utilization performance in the salmonid fish, the rainbow trout. In addition, given a series of studies in mammals have shown that dietary cholesterol can directly affect the fatty acid metabolism, the apparent in vivo fatty acid metabolism of fish fed the experimental diets was assessed. Triplicate groups of juvenile fish were fed one of two identical vegetable oil-based diets, with additional cholesterol fortification (high cholesterol; H-Chol) or without (low cholesterol; L-Chol), for 12 weeks. No effects were observed on growth and feed efficiency, however, in fish fed H-Col no biosynthesis of cholesterol, and a remarkably decreased apparent in vivo fatty acid β-oxidation were recorded, whilst in L-Chol fed fish, cholesterol was abundantly biosynthesised and an increased apparent in vivo fatty acid β-oxidation was observed. Only minor effects were observed on the activity of stearyl-CoA desaturase, but a significant increase was observed for both the transcription rate in liver and the apparent in vivo activity of the fatty acid Δ-6 desaturase and elongase, with increasing dietary cholesterol. This study showed that the possible effects of reduced dietary cholesterol in current aquafeeds can be significant and warrant future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Norambuena
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Warrnambool, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Lewis
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Warrnambool, Victoria, Australia
| | - Noor Khalidah Abdul Hamid
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen Hermon
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Warrnambool, Victoria, Australia
| | - John A. Donald
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Giovanni M. Turchini
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Warrnambool, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Gupta A, Wilkens S, Adcock JL, Puri M, Barrow CJ. Pollen baiting facilitates the isolation of marine thraustochytrids with potential in omega-3 and biodiesel production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 40:1231-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-013-1324-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Marine heterotrophic microbes are capable of accumulating large amounts of lipids, omega-3 fatty acids, carotenoids, and have potential for biodiesel production. Pollen baiting using Pinus radiata pollen grain along with direct plating techniques were used in this study as techniques for the isolation of oil-producing marine thraustochytrid species from Queenscliff, Victoria, Australia. Thirteen isolates were obtained using either direct plating or using pine pollen, with pine pollen acting as a specific substrate for the surface attachment of thraustochytrids. The isolates obtained from the pollen baiting technique showed a wide range of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) accumulation, from 11 to 41 % of total fatty acid content (TFA). Direct plating isolates showed a moderate range of DHA accumulation, from 19 to 25 % of TFA. Seven isolates were identified on the basis of 18S rRNA sequencing technique as Thraustochytrium species, Schizochytrium species, and Ulkenia species. Although both methods appear to result in the isolation of similar strains, pollen baiting proved to be a simpler method for the isolation of these relatively slow-growing organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adarsha Gupta
- grid.1021.2 0000000105267079 Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology Deakin University 3216 Geelong VIC Australia
| | - Serena Wilkens
- grid.419676.b 0000 0000 9252 5808 Marine Biodiversity and Biosecurity, NIWA Kilbirnie Wellington New Zealand
| | - Jacqui L Adcock
- grid.1021.2 0000000105267079 Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology Deakin University 3216 Geelong VIC Australia
| | - Munish Puri
- grid.1021.2 0000000105267079 Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology Deakin University 3216 Geelong VIC Australia
- grid.1021.2 0000000105267079 Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology Deakin University 3220 Geelong VIC Australia
| | - Colin J Barrow
- grid.1021.2 0000000105267079 Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology Deakin University 3216 Geelong VIC Australia
- grid.1021.2 0000000105267079 Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology Deakin University 3220 Geelong VIC Australia
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A database of chromatographic properties and mass spectra of fatty acid methyl esters from omega-3 products. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1299:94-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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Variation among individuals, breeds, parities and milk fatty acid profile and milk yield of ewes grazed on pasture. Small Rumin Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Miller E, Kaur G, Larsen A, Loh SP, Linderborg K, Weisinger HS, Turchini GM, Cameron-Smith D, Sinclair AJ. A short-term n-3 DPA supplementation study in humans. Eur J Nutr 2012; 52:895-904. [PMID: 22729967 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-012-0396-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite the detailed knowledge of the absorption and incorporation of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) into plasma lipids and red blood cells (RBC) in humans, very little is known about docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5 n-3). The aim of this study was to investigate the uptake and incorporation of pure DPA and EPA into human plasma and RBC lipids. METHODS Ten female participants received 8 g of pure DPA or pure EPA in randomized crossover double-blinded manner over a 7-day period. The placebo treatment was olive oil. Blood samples were collected at days zero, four and seven, following which the plasma and RBC were separated and used for the analysis of fatty acids. RESULTS Supplementation with DPA significantly increased the proportions of DPA in the plasma phospholipids (PL) (by twofold) and triacylglycerol (TAG) fractions (by 2.3-fold, day 4). DPA supplementation also significantly increased the proportions of EPA in TAG (by 3.1-fold, day 4) and cholesterol ester (CE) fractions (by 2.0-fold, day 7) and of DHA in TAG fraction (by 3.1-fold, day 4). DPA proportions in RBC PL did not change following supplementation. Supplementation with EPA significantly increased the proportion of EPA in the plasma CE and PL fractions, (both by 2.7-fold, day 4 and day 7) and in the RBC PL (by 1.9-fold, day 4 and day 7). EPA supplementation did not alter the proportions of DPA or DHA in any lipid fraction. These results showed that within day 4 of supplementation, DPA and EPA demonstrated different and specific incorporation patterns. CONCLUSION The results of this short-term study suggest that DPA may act as a reservoir of the major long-chain n-3 fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Miller
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, 3126, Australia
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47
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Influence of oilseed supplement ranging in n-6/n-3 ratio on fatty acid composition and Δ5-, Δ6-desaturase protein expression in steer muscles. Animal 2012; 6:1973-84. [PMID: 23031569 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731112000985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated effects of roasted or extruded oilseed supplementation ranging in n-6/n-3 ratios from 0.3 to 5.0 on the fatty acid composition and expression of delta-5 desaturase (Δ5d) and Δ6-desaturase (Δ6d) protein in commercial steer cheek (m. masseter) and diaphragm (pars costalis diaphragmatis) muscles. In general, the n-6/n-3 ratio of the diet had a subsequent effect on the muscle n-6/n-3 ratio (P < 0.05), with muscle 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 content relating to proportion of dietary soya bean and linseed (P < 0.01). Compared with canola, pure linseed and soya bean diets reduced 14:1c-9 and 16:1c-9 (P < 0.05) but increased 18:1t-11 and c-9,t-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content (P < 0.01). Oilseed processing had a minor influence but extruded oilseeds increase 18:1t-11 and c-9,t-11 CLA compared with roasted (P < 0.05). Polar lipid 18:3n-3 and n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC, ⩾20 carbons PUFA) derivative content increased in relation to dietary linseed supplementation in the diaphragm (P < 0.01), whereas only 18:3n-3 was increased in the cheek (P < 0.01). Protein expression did not differ between diets; however, in each muscle the Δ5d protein expression had a stronger association with the desaturase products rather than the precursors. The relationship between Δ5d protein expression and the muscle LC n-6/n-3 ratio was negative in both muscles (P < 0.05). The relationship between Δ6d protein expression and the LC n-6/n-3 ratio was positive in the cheek (P < 0.001) and negative in the diaphragm (P < 0.05). In conclusion, diet n-6/n-3 ratio affected muscle 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 deposition, whereas the Δ5d and Δ6d protein expression had some influence on the polar lipid LC-PUFA profile. Results reaffirm that processed oilseeds can be used to increase the proportion of fatty acids potentially beneficial for human health, by influencing the formation of LC-PUFA and reducing the n-6/n-3 ratio.
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McNiven M, Duynisveld J, Turner T, Mitchell A. Ratio of n-6/n-3 in the diets of beef cattle: Effect on growth, fatty acid composition, and taste of beef. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Can muscle fatty acid signature be used to distinguish diets during the marine trophic phase of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus, L.)? Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 159:26-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2011.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Górová R, Pavlíková E, Blaško J, Meľuchová B, Kubinec R, Margetín M, Soják L. Temporal variations in fatty acid composition of individual ewes during first colostrum day. Small Rumin Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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