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Nurerk P, Bunkoed O, Jullakan S, Khongkla S, Llompart M, Poorahong S. A dumbbell-shaped stir bar made from poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-coated porous cryogel incorporating metal organic frameworks for the extraction of synthetic phenolic antioxidants in foodstuffs. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1655:462497. [PMID: 34487884 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A dumbbell-shaped stir bar adsorbent of MIL-101 entrapped in PVA cryogel coated with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) was fabricated to extract synthetic phenolic antioxidants in foodstuffs. The interconnected porous of cryogel allowed the entrapment of MIL-101 and enhanced the surface areas of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) coating which facilitated multiple adsorptions. The fabricated adsorbent was characterized and measured the adsorption capacities for synthetic phenolic antioxidants. Extraction efficiency was optimized by evaluating the effect of adsorbent compositions, extraction time, stirring speed, sample pH, desorption conditions, sample volume and ionic strength. The analysis of extracted synthetic phenolic antioxidants was carried out using high performance liquid chromatography. The developed analysis method provided a wide linear range of 0.20 - 200 µg kg-1 for butylated hydroxyanisole and 0.50 - 200 µg kg-1 for tert‑butylhydroquinone and butylated hydroxytoluene. The limits of detection were between 0.05 and 0.15 µg kg-1. The developed stir bar adsorbent was utilized to extract these three synthetic phenolic antioxidants from juice, milk, infant formula and coffee creamer. Recoveries ranged from 87 to 101% with RSDs below 7%. The developed composite stir bar adsorbent was convenient to use, and good physical and chemical stability allowed efficient extraction for 12 extraction cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyaluk Nurerk
- Functional Materials and Nanotechnology Center of Excellence, School of Science, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; CRETUS Institute, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Opas Bunkoed
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Sirintorn Jullakan
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Sarawut Khongkla
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Maria Llompart
- CRETUS Institute, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sujittra Poorahong
- Functional Materials and Nanotechnology Center of Excellence, School of Science, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
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Optimization of the Extraction of the Volatile Fraction from Honey Samples by SPME-GC-MS, Experimental Design, and Multivariate Target Functions. J CHEM-NY 2017. [DOI: 10.1155/2017/6437857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Head space (HS) solid phase microextraction (SPME) followed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (GC-MS) is the most widespread technique to study the volatile profile of honey samples. In this paper, the experimental SPME conditions were optimized by a multivariate strategy. Both sensitivity and repeatability were optimized by experimental design techniques considering three factors: extraction temperature (from 50°C to 70°C), time of exposition of the fiber (from 20 min to 60 min), and amount of salt added (from 0 to 27.50%). Each experiment was evaluated by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) that allows to take into consideration all the analytes at the same time, preserving the information about their different characteristics. Optimal extraction conditions were identified independently for signal intensity (extraction temperature: 70°C; extraction time: 60 min; salt percentage: 27.50% w/w) and repeatability (extraction temperature: 50°C; extraction time: 60 min; salt percentage: 27.50% w/w) and a final global compromise (extraction temperature: 70°C; extraction time: 60 min; salt percentage: 27.50% w/w) was also reached. Considerations about the choice of the best internal standards were also drawn. The whole optimized procedure was than applied to the analysis of a multiflower honey sample and more than 100 compounds were identified.
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Cacho JI, Campillo N, Viñas P, Hernández-Córdoba M. Determination of synthetic phenolic antioxidants in soft drinks by stir-bar sorptive extraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2015; 32:665-73. [PMID: 25622305 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1011715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The synthetic phenolic antioxidants butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) were pre-concentrated by stir-bar sorptive extraction and thermally desorbed (SBSE-TD) before analysis by GC-MS. Several parameters affecting the derivatisation step and both SBSE extraction and thermal desorption were carefully optimised. When the analyses of BHA and TBHQ in their acetylated, silylated and underivatised forms were compared, the best results were obtained when the in-situ derivatisation procedure with acetic anhydride was employed. Quantification was carried out using carvacrol as the internal standard, providing quantification limits of between 0.11 and 0.15 ng ml(-1), depending on the compound. Recovery assays for samples spiked at two concentration levels, 1 and 5 ng ml(-1), provided recoveries in the 81-117% range. The proposed method was applied in the analysis canned soft drinks and the analytes were found in five of the 10 samples analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ignacio Cacho
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum' University of Murcia , Murcia , Spain
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Arnáiz E, Moreno D, Quesada R. Determination of Volatiles in Mouse Urine by Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2013.853182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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5
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Anıl I, Öztürk N, Alagha O, Ergenekon P. Optimization of solid-phase microextraction using Taguchi design to quantify trace level polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:3561-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Anıl
- Department of Environmental Engineering; Gebze Institute of Technology; Kocaeli Turkey
- Department of Environmental Engineering; Fatih University; İstanbul Turkey
| | - Naciye Öztürk
- Department of Chemistry; Gebze Institute of Technology; Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Omar Alagha
- Department of Environmental Engineering; Fatih University; İstanbul Turkey
- Department of Environmental Engineering; University of Dammam; Dammam Saudi Arabia
| | - Pınar Ergenekon
- Department of Environmental Engineering; Gebze Institute of Technology; Kocaeli Turkey
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6
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Hashemi P, Badiei A, Shamizadeh M, Ziarani GM, Ghiasvand AR. Preparation of a New Solid-Phase Microextraction Fiber by Coating Silylated Nanoporous Silica on a Copper Wire. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201100429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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7
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Mohapatra DP, Brar SK, Tyagi RD, Surampalli RY. Physico-chemical pre-treatment and biotransformation of wastewater and wastewater sludge--fate of bisphenol A. CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 78:923-41. [PMID: 20083294 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Revised: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 12/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disrupting compound largely used in plastic and paper industry, ends up in aquatic systems via wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) among other sources. The identification and quantification of BPA in wastewater (WW) and wastewater sludge (WWS) is of major interest to assess the endocrine activity of treated effluent discharged into the environment. Many treatment technologies, including various pre-treatment methods, such as hydrolysis, Fenton oxidation, peroxidation, ultrasonication and ozonation have been developed in order to degrade BPA in WW and WWS and for the production of WWS based value-added products (VAPs). WWS based VAPs, such as biopesticides, bioherbicides, biofertilizers, bioplastics and enzymes are low cost biological alternatives that can compete with chemicals or other cost intensive biological products in the current markets. However, this field application is disputable due to the presence of these organic compounds which has been discussed with a perspective of simultaneous degradation. The pre-treatment produces an impact on rheology as well as value-addition which has been reviewed in this paper. Various analytical techniques available for the detection of BPA in WW and WWS are also discussed. Presence of heavy metals and possible thermodynamical behavior of the compound in WW and WWS can have major impact on BPA removal, which is also included in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Mohapatra
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec, Canada G1K 9A9
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Komarek K, Safarikova M, Hubka T, Safarik I, Kandelova M, Kujalova H. Extraction of Alkylphenols and Nonylphenol Mono- and Diethoxylates from Water Using Magnetically Modified Adsorbents. Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0833-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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9
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Kawaguchi M, Ito R, Honda H, Endo N, Okanouchi N, Saito K, Seto Y, Nakazawa H. Simultaneous analysis of benzophenone sunscreen compounds in water sample by stir bar sorptive extraction with in situ derivatization and thermal desorption–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1200:260-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.05.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2008] [Revised: 05/26/2008] [Accepted: 05/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Zhou Y, Jiang Q, Peng Q, Xuan D, Qu W. Development of a solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the determination of pentachlorophenol in human plasma using experimental design. CHEMOSPHERE 2007; 70:256-62. [PMID: 17662334 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2007] [Revised: 06/11/2007] [Accepted: 06/11/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A new method, headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) with in situ derivatization and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which was used for the determination of trace amount of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in human plasma was presented. The acetylation derivatization reaction was firstly optimized using a Doehlert design. Then a series of parameters relevant to the headspace SPME procedure, including fiber coating, extraction temperature, extraction time and salt addition, were optimized using a two-level full factorial design expanded further to a central composite design. The validation of method showed that the optimized method had good linearity (R(2)=0.999) within the concentration ranges 0.1-50.0ngml(-1), and was sensitive with the limit of detection of 0.02ngml(-1). Intra- and inter-day precision for pentachlorophenol in human plasma samples were not greater than 11.9% and 12.6%, respectively. The proposed method, to our knowledge, describes the first application of HS-SPME with GC-MS for analysis of PCP in blood plasma sample. Application of the method to real human plasma samples, PCP was successfully detected in some cases at concentration levels 1.2-6.3ngml(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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11
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Zuazagoitia D, Millán E, Garcia R. A Screening Method for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Determination in Water by Headspace SPME with GC-FID. Chromatographia 2007. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-007-0371-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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12
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Hanrahan G, Lu K. Application of Factorial and Response Surface Methodology in Modern Experimental Design and Optimization. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10408340600969478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Penteado JC, Bruns RE, de Carvalho LRF. Factorial design optimization of solid phase microextraction conditons for gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis of linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) in detergents. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Stir bar sorptive extraction and thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for trace analysis of benzophenone and its derivatives in water sample. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.08.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Cruz SA, Zanin M, Nerin C, De Moraes MAB. Study of barrier properties and chemical resistance of recycled PET coated with amorphous carbon through a plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) process. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 23:100-6. [PMID: 16393820 DOI: 10.1080/02652030500384064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have been carried out in order to make bottle-to-bottle recycling feasible. The problem is that residual contaminants in recycled plastic intended for food packaging could be a risk to public health. One option is to use a layer of virgin material, named functional barrier, which prevents the contaminants migration process. This paper shows the feasibility of using polyethylene terephthalate (PET) recycled for food packaging employing a functional barrier made from hydrogen amorphous carbon film deposited by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition (PECVD) process. PET samples were deliberately contaminated with a series of surrogates using a FDA protocol. After that, PET samples were coated with approximately 600 and 1200 Angstrons thickness of amorphous carbon film. Then, the migration tests using as food simulants: water, 10% ethanol, 3% acetic acid, and isooctane were applied to the sample in order to check the chemical resistance of the new coated material. After the tests, the liquid extracts were analysed using a solid-phase microextraction device (SPME) coupled to GC-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Cruz
- Department of Materials Engineering/Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brasil
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16
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Domeño C, Munizza G, Nerín C. Development of a solid-phase microextraction method for direct determination of pentachlorophenol in paper and board samples: Comparison with conventional extraction method. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1095:8-15. [PMID: 16275278 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.07.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2005] [Revised: 07/25/2005] [Accepted: 07/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method has been developed for the determination of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in paper and board samples. The analytical procedure involves direct extraction of PCP from paper and board samples and determination by gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC-ECD). Two kinds of commercially available fibres; 100 microm polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), apolar, and 85 microm polyacrylate (PA), quite polar, were evaluated to determine the extraction efficiency of pentachlorophenol. Parameters affecting the extraction process, such as temperature and time, were studied. Moreover, time of desorption and the effect of addition of salt were also investigated. The optimized procedure was applied to the analysis of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in five samples of virgin and recycled paper and board. The PCP content was determined by GC-ECD. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, it was compared with conventional extraction method with liquid-liquid extraction and derivatization. Detection limit of 0.015 microg/g for PCP in paper was achieved with a RSD of 14%.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Domeño
- Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Centro Politécnico Superior de Ingenieros, Universidad de Zaragoza, M(a) de Luna 3 (Pol Actur), Spain
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Lehmann M, Zouboulis AI, Matis KA, Grohmann A. Sorption of Arsenic Oxyanions from Aqueous Solution on Goethite: a Study of Process Modelling. Mikrochim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-005-0428-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Carabias-Martínez R, García-Hermida C, Rodríguez-Gonzalo E, Ruano-Miguel L. Behaviour of carbamate pesticides in gas chromatography and their determination with solid-phase extraction and solid-phase microextraction as preconcentration steps. J Sep Sci 2005; 28:2130-8. [PMID: 16318209 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200400047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This work reports a study of the chromatographic behaviour of seven carbamate pesticides (aldicarb, carbetamide, propoxur, carbofuran, carbaryl, methiocarb, and pirimicarb) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Variables such as injector temperature, solvent, injection mode, and the degree of ageing of the chromatographic column were studied. One of the aims of this work was to achieve a controlled decomposition of carbamates by a solid-phase microextraction (SPME) preconcentration step with a polyacrylate fibre in order to obtain reproducible chromatographic signals of the degradation products. Optimisation of the SPME process was accomplished by means of experimental design. Several methods using ultrapure water were developed with different preconcentration configurations: SPME-GC-MS, SPE followed by SPME-GC-MS, and SPE plus GC-MS. For all the pesticides studied, method detection limit (MDL) values below 0.1 microg L-1 were reached in at least one of the proposed configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Carabias-Martínez
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
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Du XZ, Wang YR, Tao XJ, Deng HL. An approach to application of mesoporous hybrid as a fiber coating of solid-phase microextraction. Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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Domeño C, Ruiz B, Nerín C. Determination of sterols in biological samples by SPME with on-fiber derivatization and GC/FID. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 381:1576-83. [PMID: 15827725 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-3056-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2004] [Revised: 12/13/2004] [Accepted: 01/03/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A new procedure for the determination of sterols in serum samples is proposed. The system consists of coating a Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) microfiber in headspace mode with the derivatizing agent N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoracetamide (BSTFA) and then applying this coated fiber to the simultaneous extraction and derivatization of three precursors in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway (desmosterol, lathosterol and lanosterol) and two phytosterols (sitosterol and sitostanol) in serum samples. Optimization of the analytical procedure via the application of an experimental design, a study of matrix effects, and an analysis of serum pool samples are all described and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Domeño
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Centro Politécnico Superior (CPS), University of Zaragoza, María de Luna 3, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
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Domeño C, Martı́nez-Garcı́a F, Campo L, Nerı́n C. Sampling and analysis of volatile organic pollutants emitted by an industrial stack. Anal Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.03.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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