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Han C, Wang Y, Liu P, Li P, Liu B, Ding N, Routledge MN, Liu Z, Zhang C. An aggregation-induced emission immunoassay for broad detection of polychlorinated biphenyls in chicken and crab. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:4963-4975. [PMID: 35606453 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04123-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) with multiple variants, which may be harmful to human health by absorption and bioaccumulation. To ensure food safety, it is necessary to develop multi-residue immunoassays for broad recognition of PCBs. In this study, by mimicking the generic core structure of PCBs, three haptens have been designed and synthesized for monoclonal antibody (mAb) generation. A carboxylic acid derivative of PCB80 was a hapten that induced a mAb with broad recognition of PCBs. The results of ELISA further identified that the mAb could recognize 11 different kinds of PCBs; half-maximal inhibition concentrations (IC50) ranged from 33.12 to 476.42 ng/mL. Subsequently, using aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) nanobeads as the tracer for the output signal, the IC50 value of the various PCBs was improved to 6.38-252.1 ng/mL. The limit of detection (LOD) varied from 0.32 to 42.15 ng/mL. Recoveries of 76.90-95.74% and intra-assay coefficients of variation of 8.5-14.4% were obtained with spiked chicken and crab meat samples. Matrix interference was eliminated by dilution, and no false-positive and false-negative results were observed. The developed assay provides a simple, broad-spectrum, and sensitive tool for detecting PCBs, with high-throughput possibilities for large-scale screening of PCBs in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Han
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yulong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Pengyan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Pan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Ning Ding
- Institute of Agricultural Products Quality Inspection and Testing Center, Suqian, 223801, China
| | - Michael N Routledge
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.,School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,Jiangsu Education Department, International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing (Jiangsu University), Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Zhengjiang Liu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cunzheng Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
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Van Emon JM, Chuang JC, Bronshtein A, Altstein M. Determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in soil and sediment by selective pressurized liquid extraction with immunochemical detection. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 463-464:326-333. [PMID: 23827357 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A selective pressurized liquid extraction (SPLE) method was developed for a streamlined sample preparation/cleanup to determine Aroclors and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in soil and sediment. The SPLE was coupled with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for an effective analytical approach for environmental monitoring. Sediment or soil samples were extracted with alumina, 10% AgNO3 in silica, and sulfuric acid impregnated silica with dichloromethane at 100°C and 2000 psi. The SPLE offered simultaneous extraction and cleanup of the PCBs and Aroclors, eliminating the need for a post-extraction cleanup prior to ELISA. Two different ELISA methods: (1) an Aroclor ELISA and (2) a coplanar PCB ELISA were evaluated. The Aroclor ELISA utilized a polyclonal antibody (Ab) with Aroclor 1254 as the calibrant and the coplanar PCB ELISA kit used a rabbit coplanar PCB Ab with PCB-126 as the calibrant. Recoveries of Aroclor 1254 in two reference soil samples were 92±2% and 106±5% by off-line coupling of SPLE with ELISA. The average recovery of Aroclor 1254 in spiked soil and sediment samples was 92±17%. Quantitative recoveries of coplanar PCBs (107-117%) in spiked samples were obtained with the combined SPLE-ELISA. The estimated method detection limit was 10 ng g(-1) for Aroclor 1254 and 125 pg g(-1) for PCB-126. Estimated sample throughput for the SPLE-ELISA was about twice that of the stepwise extraction/cleanup needed for gas chromatography (GC) or GC/mass spectrometry (MS) detection. ELISA-derived uncorrected and corrected Aroclor 1254 levels correlated well (r=0.9973 and 0.9996) with the total Aroclor concentrations as measured by GC for samples from five different contaminated sites. ELISA-derived PCB-126 concentrations were higher than the sums of the 12 coplanar PCBs generated by GC/MS with a positive correlation (r=0.9441). Results indicate that the SPLE-ELISA approach can be used for quantitative or qualitative analysis of PCBs in soil and sediments. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an SPLE-ELISA approach not requiring a post-extraction cleanup step for detecting Aroclors and coplanar PCBs in soil and sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette M Van Emon
- US Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, NV 89193-3478, USA.
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Tian W, Xie HQ, Fu H, Pei X, Zhao B. Immunoanalysis methods for the detection of dioxins and related chemicals. SENSORS 2012; 12:16710-31. [PMID: 23443395 PMCID: PMC3571807 DOI: 10.3390/s121216710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
With the development of biotechnology, approaches based on antibodies, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), active aryl hydrocarbon immunoassay (Ah-I) and other multi-analyte immunoassays, have been utilized as alternatives to the conventional techniques based on gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy for the analysis of dioxin and dioxin-like compounds in environmental and biological samples. These screening methods have been verified as rapid, simple and cost-effective. This paper provides an overview on the development and application of antibody-based approaches, such as ELISA, Ah-I, and multi-analyte immunoassays, covering the sample extraction and cleanup, antigen design, antibody preparation and immunoanalysis. However, in order to meet the requirements for on-site fast detection and relative quantification of dioxins in the environment, further optimization is needed to make these immuno-analytical methods more sensitive and easy to use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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Inui H, Takeuchi T, Uesugi A, Doi F, Takai M, Nishi K, Miyake S, Ohkawa H. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with monoclonal and single-chain variable fragment antibodies selective to coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:1605-1612. [PMID: 22273439 DOI: 10.1021/jf203585b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (Co-PCBs) consisting of non-ortho and mono-ortho-chlorinated PCBs are dioxin-like compounds and cause wide contamination in the environment. To monitor Co-PCB residues, it was attempted to establish an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with monoclonal and recombinant antibodies selective to Co-PCBs. When 3,3',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenoxybutyric acid (PCBH)-keyhole limpet hemocyanin conjugate was immunized into mice, two monoclonal antibodies, Mab-0217 and Mab-4444, were obtained. 3,3',5,5'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB80) was determined with an IC(50) value of 2.6 and 0.46 ng mL(-1) in ELISA based on Mab-0217 and Mab-4444, respectively. Mab-4444 cross-reacted with Co-PCB congeners, except for PCB77 and PCB81. Mab-0217 reacted with PCB80 and cross-reacted with PCB111. A single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody derived from Mab-4444 was produced in recombinant Escherichia coli cells. The scFv antibody showed nearly the same sensitivity toward PCBH as the parent monoclonal antibody in ELISA. These results clearly suggested that Mab-4444 and its scFv antibodies were suitable for monitoring the representative congeners of Co-PCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Inui
- Research Center for Environmental Genomics, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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Development and characterization of new polyclonal antibodies specific for three polychlorinated biphenyls. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2008.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Farré M, Kantiani L, Barceló D. Advances in immunochemical technologies for analysis of organic pollutants in the environment. Trends Analyt Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2007.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Silva E, Mascini M, Centi S, Turner APF. Detection of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Milk using a Disposable Immunomagnetic Electrochemical Sensor. ANAL LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710701327054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Centi S, Laschi S, Fránek M, Mascini M. A disposable immunomagnetic electrochemical sensor based on functionalised magnetic beads and carbon-based screen-printed electrodes (SPCEs) for the detection of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Laschi S, Mascini M, Scortichini G, Fránek M, Mascini M. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) detection in food samples using an electrochemical immunosensor. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2003; 51:1816-1822. [PMID: 12643636 DOI: 10.1021/jf0208637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a disposable electrochemical immunosensor, based on a competitive assay scheme, was applied to detect polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in food. For this purpose, antibodies against PCBs were directly immobilized onto the carbon surface of a disposable screen-printed electrode. A competition between the PCBs present in the sample and a fixed concentration of an enzyme-labeled PCB was realized and evaluated by electrochemical detection. Alkaline phosphatase was used as the enzyme label, coupled with differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) as the electrochemical technique. The immunosensor was tested on aroclor mixture detection (1242 and 1248) and then on some typologies of food samples to evaluate the possible application for real sample analysis. Samples analyzed were from different matrixes, such as sheep milk, bovine adipose tissue, and bovine muscle. Results obtained were compared with the accredited results according to ISO 17025 methods for PCB detection (HRGC-LRMS) as a confirmatory analysis. Preliminary results show the possibility to use this device as a screening method in food sample analysis. The negligible matrix effect observed may lead to a simplified extraction procedure, and considerable time and consumable savings are the immediate benefits given by the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Laschi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
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Hatzidakis GI, Tsatsakis AM, Krambovitis EK, Spyros A, Eremin SA. Use of L-lysine fluorescence derivatives as tracers to enhance the performance of polarization fluoroimmunoassays. A study using two herbicides as model antigens. Anal Chem 2002; 74:2513-21. [PMID: 12069231 DOI: 10.1021/ac011051x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) is a convenient homogeneous assay, the use of which is restricted in environmental analysis by low sensitivity and matrix effects. We selected the herbicides 2,4D and 2,4,5T to synthesize new L-lysine-based fluorescent tracers using solid-phase chemistry. In addition, three different immunogens of 2,4,5T were prepared for immunization and antibody production. The new tracers and antibodies were adapted to FPIA. Tracers with the hapten attached to the alpha-aminogroup of L-lysine and fluorescein to the e-amino group exhibited at least a 5-fold increased sensitivity when compared to the previously reported ethylenediamine-based tracer (2,4D-EDA-F). The isomeric structure (hapten attached to the e-amino and fluorescein to the alpha-amino group) appeared 7.6 times less sensitive, and all other alternative structures exhibited even lower sensitivities. This observation was confirmed against the monoclonal anti-2,4D antibody E2/G2 and polyclonal anti-2,4,5T antibodies. The affinity constant of 2,4D-EDA-F with E2/G2 was 8.1 times higher when compared with the new tracer, suggesting the more specific nature of the L-lysine-based tracer, the use of which leads to a more sensitive assay. This type of tracer could improve performance and lower substantially the detection limits of FPIAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- George I Hatzidakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
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Fránek M, Deng A, Kolář V, Socha J. Direct competitive immunoassays for the coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls. Anal Chim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(01)01162-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Killard AJ, Micheli L, Grennan K, Franek M, Kolar V, Moscone D, Palchetti I, Smyth MR. Amperometric separation-free immunosensor for real-time environmental monitoring. Anal Chim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)01015-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Skládal P, Horácek J. Kinetic Studies of Affinity Interactions: Comparison of Piezoelectric and Resonant Mirror-Based Biosensors. ANAL LETT 1999. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719908542912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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