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Spindler BD, Graf KI, Dong XIN, Kim M, Chen XV, Bühlmann P, Stein A. Influence of the Composition of Plasticizer-Free Silicone-Based Ion-Selective Membranes on Signal Stability in Aqueous and Blood Plasma Samples. Anal Chem 2023; 95:12419-12426. [PMID: 37552138 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SC-ISEs) in direct long-term contact with physiological samples must be biocompatible and resistant to biofouling, but most wearable SC-ISEs proposed to date contain plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) membranes, which have poor biocompatibility. Silicones are a promising alternative to plasticized PVC because of their excellent biocompatibility, but little work has been done to study the relationship between silicone composition and ISE performance. To address this, we prepared and tested K+ SC-ISEs with colloid-imprinted mesoporous (CIM) carbon as the solid contact and three different condensation-cured silicones: a custom silicone prepared in-house (Silicone 1), a commercial silicone (Dow 3140, Silicone 2), and a commercial fluorosilicone (Dow 730, Fluorosilicone 1). SC-ISEs prepared with each of these polymers and the ionophore valinomycin and added ionic sites exhibited Nernstian responses, excellent selectivities, and signal drifts as low as 3 μV/h in 1 mM KCl solution. All ISEs maintained Nernstian response slopes and had only very slightly worsened selectivities after 41 h exposure to porcine plasma (log KK,Na values of -4.56, -4.58, and -4.49, to -4.04, -4.00, and -3.90 for Silicone 1, Silicone 2, and Fluorosilicone 1, respectively), confirming that these sensors retain the high selectivity that makes them suitable for use in physiological samples. When immersed in porcine plasma, the SC-ISEs exhibited emf drifts that were still fairly low but notably larger than when measurements were performed in pure water. Interestingly, despite the very similar structures of these matrix polymers, SC-ISEs prepared with Silicone 2 showed lower drift in porcine blood plasma (-55 μV/h, over 41 h) compared to Silicone 1 (-495 μV/h) or Fluorosilicone 1 (-297 μV/h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Spindler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, United States
| | - Katerina I Graf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, United States
| | - Xin I N Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, United States
| | - Minog Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, United States
| | - Xin V Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, United States
| | - Philippe Bühlmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, United States
| | - Andreas Stein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, United States
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2
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Liang T, Jiang N, Zhou S, Wang X, Xu Y, Wu C, Kirsanov D, Legin A, Wan H, Wang P. Multiplexed all-solid-state ion-sensitive light-addressable potentiometric sensor (ISLAPS) system based on silicone-rubber for physiological ions detection. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1179:338603. [PMID: 34535249 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) has been widely used in biomedical applications since its advent. As a member of the potentiometric sensors, ion-sensitive LAPS (ISLAPS) can be obtained by modifying ion selective sensing membrane on the sensor surface. Compared with the conventional ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) with liquid contact, the all-solid-state ISEs have more advantages such as easy maintenance, more convenient for miniaturization and practical applications. However, the commonly used ion-sensitive membrane (ISM) matrix like PVC has many limitations such as poor adhesion to silicone-based sensor and easy overflow of the plasticizer from the membrane. In this work, LAPS was combined with a variety of ionophore-doped all-solid-state silicone-rubber ISMs for the first time, to establish a program-controlled multiplexed ISLAPS system for physiological ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+ and H+) detection. The silicone-rubber ISMs have better adhesion to silicon-based sensors without containing plasticizers, which can avoid the plasticizer pollution and improve the long-term stability. A layer of poly(3-octylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3OT) was pre-modified on the sensor surface to inhibit the formation of an aqueous layer and improve the sensor lifetime. With the aid of a translation stage, the light spot automatically illuminated the detection sites in sequence, and the response of the four ions could be obtained in one measurement within 1 min. The proposed multiplexed ISLAPS has good sensitivity with micromolar limit of detection (LOD), good selectivity and long-term stability (more than 3 months). The results of the real Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) sample detection proved that the ISLAPS system can be used for the physiological ions detection, and is promising to realize a multi-parameter microphysiometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Shuqi Zhou
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yingke Xu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Chunsheng Wu
- Institute of Medical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Dmitry Kirsanov
- Institute of Chemistry, Mendeleev Center, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Andrey Legin
- Institute of Chemistry, Mendeleev Center, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Hao Wan
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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3
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Synthesis Strategies for Biomedical Grade Polymers. MATERIALS HORIZONS: FROM NATURE TO NANOMATERIALS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1251-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
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4
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Joon NK, He N, Ruzgas T, Bobacka J, Lisak G. PVC-Based Ion-Selective Electrodes with a Silicone Rubber Outer Coating with Improved Analytical Performance. Anal Chem 2019; 91:10524-10531. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Narender Kumar Joon
- Åbo Akademi University, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Turku/Åbo, Finland
| | - Ning He
- Åbo Akademi University, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Turku/Åbo, Finland
| | - Tautgirdas Ruzgas
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden; Biofilms - Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, 214 32 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Johan Bobacka
- Åbo Akademi University, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Turku/Åbo, Finland
| | - Grzegorz Lisak
- College of Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech, Singapore 637141, Singapore
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5
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Hoekstra R, Blondeau P, Andrade FJ. IonSens: A Wearable Potentiometric Sensor Patch for Monitoring Total Ion Content in Sweat. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Hoekstra
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry; Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus Sescelades, c/.; Marcel⋅lí Domingo, 1 Tarragona 43007 Spain
| | - Pascal Blondeau
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry; Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus Sescelades, c/.; Marcel⋅lí Domingo, 1 Tarragona 43007 Spain
| | - Francisco J. Andrade
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry; Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus Sescelades, c/.; Marcel⋅lí Domingo, 1 Tarragona 43007 Spain
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6
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Kumar V, Lee DJ. Effects of thinner on RTV silicone rubber nanocomposites reinforced with GR and CNTs. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Kumar
- School of Mechanical Engineering; Yeungnam University; Korea
| | - Dong-Joo Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering; Yeungnam University; Korea
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7
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Bieg C, Fuchsberger K, Stelzle M. Introduction to polymer-based solid-contact ion-selective electrodes—basic concepts, practical considerations, and current research topics. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 409:45-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9945-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Badr IH, Abdel-Sattar R, Keshk SM. Enhancing biocompatibility of some cation selective electrodes using heparin modified bacterial cellulose. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 134:687-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Badr IHA, Gouda M, Abdel-Sattar R, Sayour HEM. Reduction of thrombogenicity of PVC-based sodium selective membrane electrodes using heparin-modified chitosan. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 99:783-90. [PMID: 24274570 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.08.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Heparin-modified chitosan (H-chitosan) membrane was utilized to enhance biocompatibility of sodium selective membrane electrode based on the highly thrombogenic polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Sodium ion sensing film was prepared using PVC, sodium ionophore-X, potassium tetrakis(chlorophenyl)-borate, and o-nitrophenyloctylether. The PVC-based sensing film was sandwiched to chitosan or H-chitosan to prevent platelet adhesion on the surface of PVC. Potentiometric response characteristics of PVC-chitosan and PVC-H-chitosan membrane electrodes were found to be comparable to that of a control PVC based sodium-selective electrode. This indicates that chitosan and H-chitosan layers do not alter the response behaviour of the PVC-based sensing film. Biocompatibility of H-chitosan was confirmed by in vitro platelet adhesion study. The platelet adhesion investigations indicated that H-chitosan film is less thrombogenic compared to PVC, which could result in enhancement of biocompatibility of sodium selective membrane electrodes based on PVC, while maintaining the overall electrochemical performance of the PVC-based sensing film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim H A Badr
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain-Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
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10
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Lindfors T, Sundfors F, Höfler L, Gyurcsányi RE. The Water Uptake of Plasticized Poly(vinyl chloride) Solid-Contact Calcium-Selective Electrodes. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Lindfors T, Szücs J, Sundfors F, Gyurcsányi RE. Polyaniline Nanoparticle-Based Solid-Contact Silicone Rubber Ion-Selective Electrodes for Ultratrace Measurements. Anal Chem 2010; 82:9425-32. [DOI: 10.1021/ac102099p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Lindfors
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Åbo, Finland, Academy of Finland, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary, Research Group of Technical Analytical Chemistry of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary
| | - Júlia Szücs
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Åbo, Finland, Academy of Finland, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary, Research Group of Technical Analytical Chemistry of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary
| | - Fredrik Sundfors
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Åbo, Finland, Academy of Finland, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary, Research Group of Technical Analytical Chemistry of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary
| | - Róbert E. Gyurcsányi
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Åbo, Finland, Academy of Finland, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary, Research Group of Technical Analytical Chemistry of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary
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12
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Sundfors F, Lindfors T, Höfler L, Bereczki R, Gyurcsányi RE. FTIR-ATR Study of Water Uptake and Diffusion through Ion-Selective Membranes Based on Poly(acrylates) and Silicone Rubber. Anal Chem 2009; 81:5925-34. [DOI: 10.1021/ac900727w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Sundfors
- Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Åbo/Turku, Finland, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary, and Research Group of Technical Analytical Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary
| | - Tom Lindfors
- Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Åbo/Turku, Finland, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary, and Research Group of Technical Analytical Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary
| | - Lajos Höfler
- Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Åbo/Turku, Finland, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary, and Research Group of Technical Analytical Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary
| | - Róbert Bereczki
- Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Åbo/Turku, Finland, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary, and Research Group of Technical Analytical Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary
| | - Róbert E. Gyurcsányi
- Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FI-20500 Åbo/Turku, Finland, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary, and Research Group of Technical Analytical Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Szt. Gellért tér 4, Hungary
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13
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Ngeontae W, Xu C, Ye N, Wygladacz K, Aeungmaitrepirom W, Tuntulani T, Bakker E. Polymerized Nile Blue derivatives for plasticizer-free fluorescent ion optode microsphere sensors. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 599:124-33. [PMID: 17765072 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2007] [Revised: 07/23/2007] [Accepted: 07/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lipophilic H+-selective fluorophores such as Nile Blue derivatives are widely used in ISE-based pH sensors and bulk optodes, and are commonly dissolved in a plasticized matrix such as PVC. Unfortunately, leaching of the active sensing ingredients and plasticizer from the matrix dictates the lifetime of the sensors and hampers their applications in vivo, especially with miniaturized particle based sensors. We find that classical copolymerization of Nile Blue derivatives containing an acrylic side group gives rise to multiple reaction products with different spectral and H+-binding properties, making this approach unsuitable for the development of reliable sensor materials. This limitation was overcome by grafting Nile Blue to a self-plasticized poly(n-butyl acrylate) matrix via an urea or amide linkage between the Nile Blue base structure and the polymer. Optode leaching experiments into methanol confirmed the successful covalent attachment of the two chromoionophores to the polymer matrix. Both polymerized Nile Blue derivatives have satisfactory pH response and appropriate optical properties that are suitable for use in ion-selective electrodes and optodes. Plasticizer-free Na+-selective microsphere sensors using the polymerized chromoionophores were fabricated under mild conditions with an in-house sonic microparticle generator for the measurement of sodium activities at physiological pH. The measuring range for sodium was found as 10(-1)-10(-4) M and 1-10(-3) M, for Nile Blue derivatives linked via urea and amide functionalities, respectively, at physiological pH. The observed ion-exchange constants of the plasticizer-free microsphere were log K(exch) = -5.6 and log K(exch) = -6.5 for the same two systems, respectively. Compared with earlier Na+-selective bulk optodes, the fabricated optical sensing microbeads reported here have agreeable selectivity patterns, reasonably fast response times, and more appropriate measuring ranges for determination of Na+ activity at physiological pH in undiluted blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wittaya Ngeontae
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
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14
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González-Bellavista A, Macanás J, Muñoz M, Fabregas E. Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) as an alternative charged material to poly(vinyl chloride) in the design of ion-selective electrodes. Anal Chim Acta 2006; 577:85-90. [PMID: 17723657 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2006] [Revised: 06/09/2006] [Accepted: 06/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To date, poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is the most used polymer in the design of ion selective electrode (ISE) membranes. This paper is focused on the use of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) as an alternative material to PVC for the design of ISEs. SPEEK of the desired degree of sulfonation is synthesized from poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK). An NH4+-ISE has been chosen as a model electrode to study the efficiency of SPEEK as polymer matrix of the membrane. The material was evaluated in ionophore free ion exchanger membranes as well as in ion-selective electrodes membranes containing nonactine as ionophore. Analytical performance parameters of the prepared electrodes were evaluated. The electrodes show a slope between 50 and 60 mVdec(-1) depending on both the calibration medium and the membrane composition. A linear range of response between 10(-4) and 1.0 M and a lifetime of 1-2 months were obtained. The interferences of cations such us Ca2+, Na+, Li+ and K+ over the prepared ISEs are studied as well. Although the plasticizer in the SPEEK based membrane matrix is not necessary, its presence improves the sensibility. This makes SPEEK a good potential choice over alternative membrane matrices reported in the literature and a promising platform for the establishment of membrane components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna González-Bellavista
- Sensors & Biosensors Group, Department of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Edifici Cn, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
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15
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Gavalas VG, Berrocal MJ, Bachas LG. Enhancing the blood compatibility of ion-selective electrodes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 384:65-72. [PMID: 16132141 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-0039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2005] [Revised: 07/15/2005] [Accepted: 07/19/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In vivo monitoring of various analytes is important for many bioanalytical and biomedical applications. The crucial challenge in this type of applications is the interaction of the sensor with the host environment, which is qualitatively described by the term biocompatibility. This review discusses recent advances in methods and materials used for the improvement of the biocompatibility of ion-selective electrodes especially as it relates to their interaction with blood components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilis G Gavalas
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Membrane Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA
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16
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Paeng KJ, Jung HJ, Cho SJ, Lee ME. The potentiometric performances of cyclotetrahydroxysiloxane containing ferrocenyl moiety as an anion-selective membrane electrode. Microchem J 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2004.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Kim MK, Yoon IJ, Cho SH, Shin HR, Han JH, Ha JH, Nam HH, Cha GS. One-component Room Temperature Vulcanizing-Type Silicone Rubber-Based Solid-State Carbonate Ion Selective Electrode. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DAEHAN HWAHAK HOE JEE 2004. [DOI: 10.5012/jkcs.2004.48.3.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Qin Y, Bakker E. A Copolymerized Dodecacarborane Anion as Covalently Attached Cation Exchanger in Ion-Selective Sensors. Anal Chem 2003; 75:6002-10. [PMID: 14588043 DOI: 10.1021/ac034447c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The traditional cation exchangers used in ion-selective electrodes and optodes are tetraphenylborate derivatives, which are generally adequate for most analytical applications but may in some cases suffer from decomposition by acid hydrolysis, oxidants, and light. Recently, halogenated dodecacarboranes were found to be improved cation exchangers in terms of lipophilicity and chemical stability. This forms the basis for the convenient covalent attachment of the cation exchanger to the polymeric backbone of the sensing material. This is a challenge that has not satisfactorily been solved and which is especially important in view of developing ultraminiaturized sensing arrays. Here, a C-derivative of the closo-dodecacarborane anion (CB(11)H(12)(-)) with a polymerizable group was synthesized as a chemically stable cation exchanger. This new derivative was copolymerized with methyl methacrylate and decyl methacrylate (MMA-DMA) to fabricate a plasticizer-free polymer with cation-exchange properties. This polymer could be conveniently blended with traditional plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) or with noncrosslinked methacrylic polymers to give solvent cast films that appear to be clear and homogeneous and that could be doped with ionophores. Optode leaching experiments supported the covalent grafting of the carborane anions. Ion-selective membranes and optode thin films were evaluated in terms of response function, response time, and selectivity. In all cases, the new material exhibited behavior similar to free tetraphenylborate derivative-based membranes. As a result of these studies, an all-polymeric plasticizer-free calcium-selective membrane was fabricated on the basis of the covalently attached carborane, a recently introduced grafted calcium ionophore, and an MMA-DMA polymer matrix. The resulting ion-selective electrodes showed Nernstian response slopes and rapid response times, demonstrating that covalent grafting of all sensing components is a feasible approach to the development of ion sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
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19
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Berrocal MJ, Badr IH, Gao D, Bachas LG. Reducing the thrombogenicity of ion-selective electrode membranes through the use of a silicone-modified segmented polyurethane. Anal Chem 2001; 73:5328-33. [PMID: 11721937 DOI: 10.1021/ac010375i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The susceptibility of segmented polyurethanes (SPUs) to in vivo oxidative cleavage and hydrolysis constitutes a drawback in the use of these materials in the fabrication of implantable devices. The introduction of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) groups into the polymer main chain has been previously reported to enhance the stability of SPUs. Herein, we evaluated the use of BioSpan-S, a silicone-modified SPU, in the design of membranes for cation-selective electrodes. The resulting electrodes exhibited good potentiometric response with all of the tested ionophores (valinomycin, sodium ionophore X, and nonactin). The obtained selectivity coefficients meet the selectivity requirements for the determination of sodium and potassium in blood. Moreover, as reflected by SEM studies, membranes prepared with BioSpan-S showed less adhesion of platelets than membranes prepared with conventional poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). These results lead to the conclusion that BioSpan-S would be an appropriate candidate for the fabrication of implantable ion-selective electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Berrocal
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Membrane Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506-0055, USA
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Kim MH, Lee KM, Oh HJ, Cho HC, Cho DH, Nam H, Cha GS, Paeng KJ. Potentiometric pH response of polymer membranes incorporated with ion-exchangers. ANAL SCI 2001; 17:995-7. [PMID: 11708108 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.17.995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M H Kim
- Chemical Sensor Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, Korea
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Il Joung K, Jung Yoon H, Nam H, Paeng KJ. Development of pH sensor based on aromatic polyurethane matrix. Microchem J 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0026-265x(00)00137-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yoon IJ, Lee DK, Nam H, Cha GS, Strong TD, Brown RB. Ion sensors using one-component room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber matrices. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(99)00010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lee HJ, Hong US, Lee DK, Shin JH, Nam H, Cha GS. Solvent-Processible Polymer Membrane-Based Liquid Junction-Free Reference Electrode. Anal Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ac980265k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk Jin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-Dong, Nowon-Ku, Seoul 139-701, Korea
| | - Uk Sun Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-Dong, Nowon-Ku, Seoul 139-701, Korea
| | - Dong Kwon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-Dong, Nowon-Ku, Seoul 139-701, Korea
| | - Jae Ho Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-Dong, Nowon-Ku, Seoul 139-701, Korea
| | - Hakhyun Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-Dong, Nowon-Ku, Seoul 139-701, Korea
| | - Geun Sig Cha
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-Dong, Nowon-Ku, Seoul 139-701, Korea
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