1
|
Mishra S, Mondal TK, Ghosh A, Das B, Biswas T, Hansda B, Roy D, Mandal B, Srivastava B, Jha AK. Controlled Primary Amine-Enriched SG-Bonded Papain Surface: Synthesis, Characterization, and Extraction of Protonated Dichromate. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:5290-5307. [PMID: 39047188 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The single-step synthesis of nitro-derivatized SG using dimethyldichlorosilane in an aprotic solvent dichloromethane at 300 K is efficient and straightforward. Reduction and diazotization effectively functionalize the material for enzyme coupling at the O-carbon of the enzyme's tyrosine. The high extraction efficiency of protonated dichromate ions with a breakthrough capacity of 480 μmol·g-1 is notable. Eco-friendly elution using distilled water achieves a significant enrichment factor of 23.2. Excellent reusability (up to 900 cycles) and stable sorption efficiency (ζ ≥ 0.9) highlight the material's potential for practical applications and future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shailja Mishra
- Analytical and Bio-analytical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal, India
| | - Tanay Kumar Mondal
- Analytical and Bio-analytical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal, India
| | - Ankit Ghosh
- Analytical and Bio-analytical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal, India
| | - Basudev Das
- Analytical and Bio-analytical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal, India
| | - Tirtha Biswas
- Analytical and Bio-analytical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal, India
| | - Biswajit Hansda
- Analytical and Bio-analytical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal, India
| | - Dipika Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Main Campus 188, Raja S.C. Mallick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Bhabatosh Mandal
- Analytical and Bio-analytical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal, India
| | - Bhavya Srivastava
- The West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences, Dr. Ambedkar Bhavan, Kolkata 700098, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Jha
- Department of Chemistry, TM Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur 812007, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang C, Bai FY, You ZX, Xing YH, Shi Z. Framework Materials Based on Naphthalenediimide Derivatives Supported by Aromatic Carboxylic Acids for Application as Multifunctional Fluorescence Sensors. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202100211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Liaoning Normal University Huanghe Road 850# Dalian 116029 P. R. China
| | - Feng Ying Bai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Liaoning Normal University Huanghe Road 850# Dalian 116029 P. R. China
| | - Zi Xin You
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Liaoning Normal University Huanghe Road 850# Dalian 116029 P. R. China
| | - Yong Heng Xing
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Liaoning Normal University Huanghe Road 850# Dalian 116029 P. R. China
| | - Zhan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
El-Shishtawy RM, Rahman MM, Sheikh TA, Nadeem Arshad M, Al-Zahrani FAM, Asiri AM. A New Cr 3+ Electrochemical Sensor Based on ATNA/Nafion/Glassy Carbon Electrode. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E2695. [PMID: 32545677 PMCID: PMC7345133 DOI: 10.3390/ma13122695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A new electrochemical sensor of metal cation in an aqueous solution based on homobifunctional tridentate disulfide Schiff base and named 1,1'-(-((disulfanediylbis(2,1-phenylene))bis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(naphthalene-2-ol) (ATNA) was easily obtained quantitatively from the condensation reaction of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde and2-aminothiophenol, and then fully characterized by spectroscopic techniques for structure elucidation. The molecular structure of ATNA was also confirmed by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study to reveal a new conformation in which the molecule was stabilized by the O-H…N type intramolecular hydrogen bonding interactions in both moieties. The ATNA was used as a selective electrochemical sensor for the detection of chromium ion (Cr3+). A thin film of ATNA was coated on to the flat surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) followed by 5 % ethanolic Nafion in order to make the modified GCE (ATNA/Nafion/GCE) as an efficient and sensitive electrochemical sensor. It was found to be very effective and selective against Cr3+ cations in the company of other intrusive heavy metal cations such as Al3+, Ce3+, Co2+, Cu2+, Ga3+, Hg2+, Mn2+, Pb2+, and Y3+. The detection limit at 3 S/N was found to be 0.013 nM for Cr3+ ions within the linear dynamic range (LDR) (0.1 nM-10.0 mM) of Cr3+ ions with r2 = 0.9579. Moreover; this work instigates a new methodology for developing the sensitive as well as selective electrochemical toxic cationic sensors in the field of environmental and health care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reda M. El-Shishtawy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.N.A.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Mohammed M. Rahman
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.N.A.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Tahir Ali Sheikh
- Irrigation Research Institute, Irrigation Department, Government of the Punjab, Old Anarkali, Lahore-54000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Arshad
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.N.A.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Fatimah A. M. Al-Zahrani
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah M. Asiri
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.N.A.); (A.M.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hassan SSM, Kamel AH, Amr AEGE, Abdelwahab Fathy M, Al-Omar MA. Paper Strip and Ceramic Potentiometric Platforms Modified with Nano-Sized Polyaniline (PANi) for Static and Hydrodynamic Monitoring of Chromium in Industrial Samples. Molecules 2020; 25:E629. [PMID: 32023970 PMCID: PMC7037674 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Screen-printed membrane sensors based on the use of paper and ceramic substrates are fabricated, characterized, and used for rapid batch and continuous monitoring of CrIII in the form of CrO42- in some industrial products and wastewater samples. Strips of paper and ceramic platforms (15 × 5 mm) were covered with conductive carbon paint and then modified with polyaniline (PANI) film, to act as an ion-to-electron transducer, followed by a drop casting of plasticized poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) Rhodamine-B chromate membrane as a recognition sensing material. In a 5.0 mmol L-1 Trizma buffer solution of pH ~8, the fabricated paper and ceramic based membrane sensors exhibited a near Nernstian response for CrVI ion with slopes of -29.7 ± 0.5 and -28.6 ± 0.3 mV decade-1, limit of detection 2.5 × 10-5 and 2.4 × 10-6 mol L-1 (1.3-0.12 µg mL-1), and linear concentration range 7.5 × 10-3-5.0 × 10-5 and 7.5 × 10-3-1.0 × 10-5 mol L-1 (390-0.5 µg mL-1), respectively. Both sensors exhibited fast and stable potentiometric response, excellent reproducibility, and good selectivity with respect to a number of common foreign inorganic species. Impedance spectroscopy and chronopotentiometry data revealed a small resistance and a larger double layer capacitance due to the presence of the intermediate polyaniline (PAN) conductive layer. Furthermore, the formation of a water layer between the ion selective membrane (ISM) and the underlying conductor polymer and between the conducting polymer and the carbon conducting surface was greatly reduced. The developed disposable solid-contact potentiometric sensors offer the advantages of simple design, long term potential stability, flexibility, miniaturization ability, short conditioning time, and cost effectiveness that enable mass production. The sensors were successfully used for static and hydrodynamic measurements of total chromium in some leather tanning wastewater and nickel-chrome alloy samples. The results compare favorably with data obtained by atomic absorption spectrometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saad S. M. Hassan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Ayman H. Kamel
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Abd El-Galil E. Amr
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Drug Exploration & Development Chair (DEDC), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - M. Abdelwahab Fathy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed A. Al-Omar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Drug Exploration & Development Chair (DEDC), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shanmugam T, Selvaraj J, Mani U. An Improved Ion Chromatographic Method for Fast and Sensitive Determination of Hexavalent Chromium and Total Chromium Using Conductivity Detection. J Chromatogr Sci 2020; 57:939-943. [PMID: 31665235 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmz071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Chromium exists in its two stable oxidation states including trivalent chromium (Cr (III)) and hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) in natural waters. Chromium is an essential micronutrient in the trivalent form; however, the hexavalent form of chromium is considered to be a carcinogen. It is important to determine the chromium content along with speciation. There are a number of methods available for chromium determination. Speciation of chromium is essential to know the exact composition of chromium. Ion exchange chromatography is one of the techniques used to determine Cr (VI). The proposed method can be used to perform the speciation of Cr (III) and Cr (VI). It is a two-step process: first Cr (VI) is determined, followed by total chromium determination by treating the sample with potassium permanganate solution to oxidize the Cr (III) present in the sample to Cr (VI) and determining it as Cr (VI). Conductivity detector is used for the detection. Addition of potassium permanganate solution to the ground water samples for oxidizing the Cr (III) to Cr (VI) is the newly adopted sample preparation technique. The effect of potassium permanganate oxidation is studied in detail in the proposed method. This method can be used for chromium speciation in river water and ground water samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thyagarajan Shanmugam
- Metrohm India Limited, Application Laboratory, 3&4 Fourrts Avenue, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Joseph Selvaraj
- Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph's College, College Main Road, Annamalai Nagar, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Uvaraj Mani
- Metrohm India Limited, Application Laboratory, 3&4 Fourrts Avenue, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Özyol E, Saçmacı Ş, Saçmacı M, Ülgen A. A new turn-on fluorimetric method for the rapid speciation of Cr(III)/Cr(VI) species in tea samples with rhodamine-based fluorescent reagent. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 191:62-68. [PMID: 28985590 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A new fluorimetric method with rhodamine-based fluorescent agent was developed for the rapid speciation of Cr(III)/Cr(VI) in tea, soil and water samples. The system, which utilizes a fluorescent reagent, was used for the first time after synthesis/characterization of 3',6'-bis(diethylamino)-2-{[(1E)-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methylene] amino}spiro[isoindole-1,9'-xanthen]-3(2H)-one (BDAS). The reagent responds instantaneously at room temperature in a 1:1 stoichiometric manner to the amount of Cr(III). The selectivity of this system for Cr(III) over other metal ions is remarkably high, and its sensitivity is below 0.01mgL-1 in aqueous solutions which enables a simplification without any pretreatment of the real sample. The method has a wide linear range of 0.1-10mgL-1 and a detection limit of 0.15μgL-1 for Cr(III) while the relative standard deviation was 0.1% for 0.1mgL-1 Cr(III) concentration. The results of detection and recovery experiments for Cr(III) in tea, soil and water were satisfactory, indicating that the method has better feasibility and application potential in the routine determination and speciation of Cr(III)/Cr(VI). The results of analysis of the certified reference material (INCT-TL-1 tea sample and CWW-TM-D waste water) are in good agreement with the certified value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esra Özyol
- Bozok University, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, TR-66200, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Şerife Saçmacı
- Erciyes University, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, TR-38039, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Saçmacı
- Bozok University, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, TR-66200, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ülgen
- Erciyes University, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, TR-38039, Kayseri, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nozohour Yazdi M, Yamini Y. Simultaneous speciation of inorganic chromium(III) and chromium(VI) by hollow‐fiber‐based liquid‐phase microextraction coupled with HPLC–UV. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:919-926. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yadollah Yamini
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Safari M, Nojavan S, Davarani SSH, Morteza-Najarian A. Speciation of chromium in environmental samples by dual electromembrane extraction system followed by high performance liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 789:58-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
9
|
Yousefi SM, Shemirani F. Selective and sensitive speciation analysis of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) in water samples by fiber optic-linear array detection spectrophotometry after ion pair based-surfactant assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 254-255:134-140. [PMID: 23611797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A simple ion pair based-surfactant assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (IP-SA-DLLME) was evaluated for extraction and preconcentration of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) in aqueous samples. In this method, which was used for the first time for chromium speciation analysis, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was used as both ion-pairing and disperser agent. Cr(VI) ions were converted into their cationic complex with 1,5-diphenylcarbazide (DPC) and then extracted into 1-octanol dispersed in aqueous solution. Cr(III) ion also can be determined by this procedure after oxidation to Cr(VI). After extraction and phase separation, upper organic phase was transferred to a micro cell of a fiber optic-linear array detection spectrophotometry (FO-LADS). The effects of various parameters on the extraction recovery were investigated. Under the optimized conditions and preconcentration of 10 mL of sample, the enrichment factor of 159 and the detection limit of 0.05 μgL(-1) were obtained. Validation of the method was performed by spiking-recovery method and comparison of results with those obtained by ET-AAS method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Mahboobeh Yousefi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University College of Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Shemirani
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University College of Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Separation and preconcentration of trace amounts of Cr(III) ions on ion imprinted polymer for atomic absorption determinations in surface water and sewage samples. Microchem J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2012.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
11
|
Amin AS, Kassem MA. Chromium speciation in environmental samples using a solid phase spectrophotometric method. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 96:541-7. [PMID: 22766579 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A solid phase extraction technique is proposed for preconcentration and speciation of chromium in natural waters using spectrophotometric analysis. The procedure is based on sorption of chromium(III) as 4-(2-benzothiazolylazo)2,2'-biphenyldiol complex on dextran-type anion-exchange gel (Sephadex DEAE A-25). After reduction of Cr(VI) by 0.5 ml of 96% concentrated H(2)SO(4) and ethanol, the system was applied to the total chromium. The concentration of Cr(VI) was calculated as the difference between the total Cr and the Cr(III) content. The influences of some analytical parameters such as: pH of the aqueous solution, amounts of 4-(2-benzothiazolylazo)2,2'-biphenyldiol (BTABD), and sample volumes were investigated. The absorbance of the gel, at 628 and 750 nm, packed in a 1.0 mm cell, is measured directly. The molar absorptivities were found to be 2.11×10(7) and 3.90×10(7) L mol(-1)cm(-1) for 500 and 1000 ml, respectively. Calibration is linear over the range 0.05-1.45 μg L(-1) with RSD of <1.85% (n=8.0). Using 35 mg exchanger, the detection and quantification limits were 13 and 44 ng L(-1) for 500 ml sample, whereas for 1000 ml sample were 8.0 and 27 ng L(-1), respectively. Increasing the sample volume can enhance the sensitivity. No considerable interferences have been observed from other investigated anions and cations on the chromium speciation. The proposed method was applied to the speciation of chromium in natural waters and total chromium preconcentration in microwave digested tobacco, coffee, tea, and soil samples. The results were simultaneously compared with those obtained using an ET AAS method, whereby the validity of the method has been tested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alaa S Amin
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chahal VK, Singh R, Malik AK, Matysik FM, Puri JK. Preconcentration method on modified silica fiber for chromium speciation. J Chromatogr Sci 2012; 50:26-32. [PMID: 22291053 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmr007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A new method involving pre-concentration on modified silica fiber is described for the speciation of chromium(III) [Cr(III)] and chromium(VI) [Cr(VI)] in aqueous media. This method is based on the different chelating behavior of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) with morpholine-4-carbodithioate (MDTC). Both complexes are extracted on silica fiber modified by sol-gel technology by using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS) as a precursor. All extracted samples are directly injected into an high-performance liquid chromatography injector for the simultaneous determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI). Cr(VI) forms two different complexes, and Cr(III) forms a single complex with MDTC. Therefore, the concentration of Cr(VI) is determined directly from the peak area obtained at 5.4 min; whereas, the assay of Cr(III) is based on subtracting the peak area of Cr(VI) from the total peak area obtained at 4.3 min. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection for Cr(III) and Cr(VI) are found to be 0.7 ng/mL and 0.2 ng/mL, respectively.
Collapse
|
13
|
Dimitrakopoulos IK, Tserepa HD, Thomaidis NS. Analytical Methods for the Determination of Traces of Cr(VI) in Water Samples with Suppressed Ion Chromatography. ANAL LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2011.649454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
14
|
Yilmaz S, Türe M, Sadikoglu M, Duran A. Determination of total Cr in wastewaters of Cr electroplating factories in the I.organize industry region (Kayseri, Turkey) by ICP-AES. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2010; 167:235-242. [PMID: 19565347 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-009-1045-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2009] [Accepted: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The wastewater pollution in industrial areas is one of the most important environmental problems. Heavy metal pollution, especially chromium pollution in the wastewater sources from electroplating, dyeing, and tannery, has affected the life on earth. This pollution can affect on all ecosystems and human health directly or by food chain. Therefore, the determination of total chromium in this study is of great importance. In this study, accurate, rapid, sensitive, selective, simple, and low-cost technique for the direct determination of total Cr in wastewater samples collected from the some Cr electroplating factories in March 2008 by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry has been developed. The analysis of a given sample is completed in about 15 min by this technique applied. As the result of the chromium analysis, the limit of quantification for the total Cr were founded to be over the limit value (0.05 mg L(-1); WHO, EPA, TSE 266, and inland water quality classification) as 1,898.78+/-0.34 mg/L at station 1 and 3,189.02+/-0.56 mg/L at station 2. The found concentration of total Cr has been determined to be IV class quality water according to the inland water classification. In order to validate the applied method, recovery studies were performed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selehattin Yilmaz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17020, Canakkale, Turkey.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Aydin FA, Soylak M. Thulium hydroxide: a new coprecipitant for speciation of chromium in natural water samples. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 162:1228-1232. [PMID: 18621477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2008] [Revised: 06/05/2008] [Accepted: 06/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A coprecipitation procedure has been established for chromium speciation in natural water samples. The procedure is based on the coprecipitation of Cr(III) on thulium hydroxide precipitate. After reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) by using potassium iodide, the presented method was applied to the determination of the total chromium. The level of Cr(VI) is calculated by difference of total chromium and Cr(III) levels. The procedure was optimized for some analytical parameters including pH, sample volume, matrix effects, etc. The detection limits based on 3sigma criterion were 0.87 microg L(-1) for Cr(III) and 1.18 microg L(-1) for Cr(VI). The procedure presented was validated by the analysis of BCR-144R Sewage Sludge (domestic origin). The presented method was applied for the speciation of chromium in environmental sample with satisfactory results (recoveries>95%, R.S.D.s<10%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Funda Armagan Aydin
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Oktor K, Yilmaz S, Türker G, Erkuş E. Speciative determination of Cr (III) and Cr (VI) in dyeing waste water of Dil Creek discharge to Izmit Gulf (Izmit-Kocaeli, Turkey) by ICP-AES. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2008; 141:97-103. [PMID: 17665140 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-007-9881-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2006] [Accepted: 07/03/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater pollution in industrial areas is one of the most important environmental problems. Heavy metal pollution, especially chromium pollution in wastewater sources from dyeing and tannery has affected the life on earth. This pollution can affect all ecosystems and human health directly or by food chain. Therefore, the determination of chromium in this study is of great importance. Dil Creek is located in the eastern Marmara region and discharges into the Izmit Gulf. This water source is used for irrigation in agriculture and as drinking water for animals. In this study, a rapid, sensitive and selective method for the speciative direct determination of Cr (III) and Cr (VI) in dyeing waste water samples collected from the nearest station to Izmit Gulf of Dil Creek in May 2006 by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) has been developed. An analysis of a given sample is completed in about 15 min for ICP-AES the method. As the result of the chromium analysis, the limit of quantification (LOQ) for the Cr (III), Cr (VI) and total Cr were founded as 0.0111 +/- 0.0002 mg/l (RSD, 1.80%), 0.0592 +/- 0.0010 mg/l (RSD, 1.70%) and 0.0703 +/- 0.0020 mg/l (RSD, 2.84%) respectively. In addition, the general mathematical formula has been developed to calculate the concentration of Cr(III), which can be applied to any other metal species. The result of Cr (VI) analysis indicated that water quality of Creek was IV. class quality according to the inland water classification. In order to validate the applied method, recovery studies were performed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kadriye Oktor
- Department of Environment Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kocaeli, Veziroglu Campus, 41040 Izmit-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cesur H, Macit M, Bati B. Determination of Copper, Nickel and Cadmium by Faas After Preconcentration with Zinc-Piperazinedithiocarbamate Loaded on Activated Carbon by Solid-Phase Extraction. ANAL LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710008543170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
18
|
Tuzen M, Uluozlu OD, Soylak M. Cr(VI) and Cr(III) speciation on Bacillus sphaericus loaded diaion SP-850 resin. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2007; 144:549-55. [PMID: 17126998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2006] [Revised: 10/23/2006] [Accepted: 10/24/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A speciation procedure for chromium(III) and chromium(VI) in the environmental samples has been established in the presented work. The procedure presented based on quantitative biosorption of chromium(III) on Bacillus sphaericus loaded Diaion SP-850 at pH 5. The Cr(VI) recoveries at pH 5 were below 5% on the biosorbent. After reduction of Cr(VI) by concentrated H(2)SO(4) and ethanol, the system was applied to the total chromium. Cr(VI) was calculated as the difference between the total chromium content and the Cr(III) content. Optimal analytical conditions including pH, amounts of biosorbent, etc. for Cr(III) recoveries were investigated. The influences of the some alkaline and earth alkaline ions and some transition metals on the recoveries were also investigated. The capacity of biosorbent for chromium(III) was 6.95 mgg(-1). The detection limit (3 sigma) of the reagent blank for chromium(III) was 0.50 microgL(-1). The procedure was successfully applied to the speciation of chromium(III) and chromium(VI) in natural water samples (R.S.D. lower than 5%, recoveries greater than 95%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Tuzen
- Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Chemistry Department, 60250 Tokat, Turkey
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li BH, Yan XP. Short-column CE coupled with inductively coupled plasma MS for high-throughput speciation analysis of chromium. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:1393-8. [PMID: 17366483 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A method was developed for high-throughput speciation analysis of chromium by on-line coupling of short-column capillary electrophoresis (SC-CE) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Baseline separation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) was achieved within 1 min by SC-CE in a 15 cm x 75 microm id fused-silica capillary at 6 kV using 15 mM HNO(3) as running electrolyte. The precisions (RSD, n = 5) of migration time and peak area for Cr(III) and Cr(VI) were in the range of 1.8-2.4% and 2.2-5.7%, respectively. The limits of detection (3sigma) of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) were 1.8 and 1.9 microg/L, respectively. The synthesized samples containing Cr(III) and Cr(VI) species were determined by the developed SC-CE-ICP-MS hyphenated technique, and the recoveries of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in the synthesized samples were in the range of 103-110% and 90-108%, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Environmental and pharmaceutical analysis of dithiocarbamates. Anal Chim Acta 2006; 582:191-200. [PMID: 17386492 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2006] [Revised: 09/11/2006] [Accepted: 09/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The current review aims at a comprehensive survey of analytical methods for the determination of dithiocarbamates (DTCs) in environmental and pharmaceutical samples. Besides parent compounds, analytical approaches for various metabolites and degradation products of DTCs are considered. Special emphasis is given to analyte stability as DTCs are considerably reactive interacting with various organic and inorganic compounds; in addition, depending on the chemical nature of the substance, DTCs are prone to oxidation and hydrolysis under alkaline and acidic conditions, respectively. The review mainly focuses on chromatography but also covers applications in electrophoresis, spectrophotometry, and biosensing.
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang L, Bian G, Dong L, Xia T, Hong S, Chen H. Selective fluorescence determination of chromium (VI) in water samples with terbium composite nanoparticles. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2006; 65:123-6. [PMID: 16877037 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2005.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2005] [Accepted: 09/15/2005] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The strong fluorescence Tb/acetyl acetone (acac)/Poly (Acrylamide) (PAM) composite nanoparticles have been prepared under ultrasonic radiation. The nanoparticles were water-soluble, stable and have extremely narrow emission bands and high internal quantum efficiencies. Based on the fluorescence quenching of Tb/acac/PAM by Cr (VI), a method for the selective determination of Cr (VI), without separation of Cr (III) in water, was developed. The reaction condition between Cr (VI) and Tb/acac/PAM were investigated in detail. Under optimal experimental conditions, the linear calibration curve was obtained over the concentration range of 5-600 ng mL(-1) with a correlation coefficient of 0.9939. The corresponding detection limit is 0.8 ng mL(-1) and the relative standard deviation is 1.5% for 0.05 microg mL(-1) (n=7). The proposed method has been applied to the selective quantification of Cr (VI) in synthetic samples and waste-water samples with the satisfactory results. The assay is characterized by short reaction time, very few interference, stable fluorescence signals, simple instrument and simplicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hassan SSM, El-Shahawi MS, Othman AM, Mosaad MA. A potentiometric rhodamine-B based membrane sensor for the selective determination of chromium ions in wastewater. ANAL SCI 2006; 21:673-8. [PMID: 15984204 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.21.673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The construction and performance characteristics of a novel chromate ion-selective membrane sensor are described and used for determining chromium(III) and chromium(VI) ions. The sensor is based on the use of a rhodamine-B chromate ion-associate complex as an electroactive material in a poly(vinyl chloride) membrane plasticized with o-nitrophenyloctyl ether as a solvent mediator. In a phosphate buffer solution of pH 6 - 7, the sensor displays a stable, reproducible and linear potential response over the concentration range of 1 x 10(-1) - 5 x 10(-6) mol l(-1) with an anionic Nernstian slope of 30.8 +/- 0.5 mV decade(-1) and a detection limit of 1 x 10(-6) mol l(-1) Cr(VI). High selectivity for Cr(VI) is offered over many common anions (e.g., I-, Br-, Cl-, IO4-, CN-, acetate, oxalate, citrate, sulfate, phosphate, thiosulfate, selenite, nitrate) and cations (e.g., Ag+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Al3+, Cr3+). The sensor is used for determining Cr(VI) and/or Cr(III) ions in separate or mixed solutions after the oxidation of Cr(III) into Cr(VI) with H2O2. As low as 0.2 microg ml(-1) of chromium is determined with a precision of +/-1.2%. The chromium contents of some wastewater samples were accurately assessed, and the results agreed fairly well with data obtained by atomic absorption spectrometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saad S M Hassan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
She S, Zhou Y, Zhang L, Wang L, Wang L. Preparation of fluorescent polyvinyl alcohol keto-derivatives nanoparticles and selective determination of chromium(VI). SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2005; 62:711-5. [PMID: 16257778 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2005.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2005] [Revised: 02/22/2005] [Accepted: 02/22/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel fluorescent polyvinyl alcohol keto-derivatives nanoparticle (PVAK) has been prepared in one-step method. The nanoparticles has excitation and emission maxima at 349 and 462 nm, respectively. Based on the fluorescence quenching of PVAK by Cr(VI), we established a simple and selective fluorimetric method for the determination of Cr(VI) without separation of Cr(III) in water. The reaction conditions between Cr(VI) and PVAK were investigated in detail. Furthermore, the reaction mechanism between PVAK and Cr(VI) was also discussed. Under optimal experimental conditions, a limit of detection of 0.02 microg mL(-1) was achieved. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range 0.1-13.2 microg mL(-1) with a correlation coefficient of 0.9987. The proposed method has been applied to the selective quantification of Cr(VI) in synthetic samples and waste-water samples with the satisfactory results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shike She
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, PR China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hu G, Deming RL. Speciation of bio-available chromium in soils by solid-phase extraction and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
25
|
Yalçin S, Apak R. Chromium(III, VI) speciation analysis with preconcentration on a maleic acid-functionalized XAD sorbent. Anal Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(03)00498-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
26
|
Motomizu S, Jitmanee K, Oshima M. On-line collection/concentration of trace metals for spectroscopic detection via use of small-sized thin solid phase (STSP) column resin reactors. Anal Chim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(03)00722-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
27
|
Yang WP, Zhang ZJ, Deng W. Speciation of chromium by in-capillary reaction and capillary electrophoresis with chemiluminescence detection. J Chromatogr A 2003; 1014:203-14. [PMID: 14558626 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(03)00940-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of chromium(III) (Cr3+) and chromium(VI) (CrO4(2-)) using in-capillary reaction, capillary electrophoresis (CE) separation and chemiluminescence (CL) detection was developed. The chemiluminescence reaction was based on luminol oxidation by hydrogen peroxide in basic aqueous solution catalyzed by Cr3+ ion followed by capillary electrophoresis separation. Based on in-capillary reduction, chromium(VI) can be reduced by acidic sodium hydrogensulfite to form chromium(III) while the sample is running through the capillary. Before the electrophoresis procedure, the sample (Cr3+ and CrO4(2-)), buffer and acidic sodium hydrogensulfite solution segments were injected in that order into the capillary, followed by application of an appropriate running voltage between both ends. As both chromium species have opposite charges, Cr3+ ions migrate to the cathode, while CrO4(2-) ions, moving in the opposite direction toward the anode, react with acidic sodium hydrogensulfite which results in the formation of Cr3+ ions. Because of the migration time difference of both Cr3+ ions, Cr(III) and Cr(VI) could be separated. The running buffer was composed of 0.02 mol l(-1) acetate buffer (pH 4.7) with 1 x 10(-3) mol l(-1) EDTA. Parameters affecting CE-CL separation and detection, such as reductant (sodium hydrogensulfite) concentration, mixing mode of the analytes with CL reagent, CL reaction reagent pH and concentration, were optimized. The limits of detection (LODs) of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) were 6 x 10(-13) and 8 x 10(-12) mol l(-1) (S/N=3), respectively. The mass LODs for Cr(III) and Cr(VI) were 1.2 x 10(-20) mol (12 zmol) and 3.8 x 10(-19) mol (380 zmol), respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ping Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yang WP, Zhang ZJ, Deng W. Simultaneous, sensitive and selective on-line chemiluminescence determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) by capillary electrophoresis. Anal Chim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(03)00421-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
29
|
Noroozifar M, Khorasani-Motlagh M. Specific extraction of chromium as tetrabutylammonium-chromate and spectrophotometric determination by diphenylcarbazide: speciation of chromium in effluent streams. ANAL SCI 2003; 19:705-8. [PMID: 12769369 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19.705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A very specific, selective, simple, and inexpensive procedure was developed for the speciation of CrVI and CrIII. This method is based on the quantitative extraction of chromate and CrIII (previously oxidized to CrVI) as a tetrabutylammonium-chromate ion-pair in methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), and then back extraction and preconcentration with an acidic diphenylcarbazide (DPC) solution. Back extraction was applied to achieve further preconcentration by a final factor of 20. The CrVI-DPC complex was determined in back-extract by a spectrophotometer at 548 nm. Under these extraction conditions, most of the probable concomitant cations and anions remained in the first inorganic phase. The calibration curve was linear up to 0.14 microg L(-1) of CrVI with a detection limit of 2.22 ng L(-1). The developed procedure was found to be suitable for the determination of the CrVI and CrIII species in various natural water samples with a relative standard deviation of better than 1.6%. The method was successfully applied to the speciation of chromium in spiked natural water samples, and also samples of effluent from a leather treatment plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Noroozifar
- Analytical Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sistan & Baluchestan University, P.O. Box 98165-181, Zahedan, Iran.
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Stasinakis AS, Thomaidis NS, Lekkas TD. Speciation of chromium in wastewater and sludge by extraction with liquid anion exchanger Amberlite LA-2 and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(02)01434-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
31
|
Sample preparation for chromium speciation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-526x(03)41035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
32
|
Camel V. Solid-phase extraction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-526x(03)41014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
|
33
|
Honma Y. Formation of Two Chromium(III) Dithiocarbamates from Cr(VI) in Solvent Extraction System and Origin of Oxygen Atom in Bis(1-pyrrolidinecarbodithioato)[1-pyrrolidinecarbothio(thioperoxoato)]chromium(III). BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2002. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.75.2415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
34
|
Simultaneous determination of chromium(VI) and chromium(III) at trace levels by adsorptive stripping voltammetry. Anal Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(02)00757-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
35
|
Narin I, Soylak M, Kayakirilmaz K, Elci L, Dogan M. SPECIATION OF Cr(III) AND Cr(VI) IN TANNERY WASTEWATER AND SEDIMENT SAMPLES ON AMBERSORB 563 RESIN*. ANAL LETT 2002. [DOI: 10.1081/al-120006679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
36
|
Korolczuk M. Voltammetric determination of traces of Cr(VI) in the presence of Cr(III) and humic acid. Anal Chim Acta 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)00793-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
37
|
Kotaś J, Stasicka Z. Chromium occurrence in the environment and methods of its speciation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2000; 107:263-83. [PMID: 15092973 DOI: 10.1016/s0269-7491(99)00168-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 724] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/1999] [Accepted: 06/14/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This article includes a survey of chromium (Cr) occurrence in different environmental compartments, its pathways in the environment and the cross-sectional presentation of Cr speciation methods against the background of Cr chemistry. The aim of the article is to demonstrate that knowledge of interconversion processes between different Cr forms is necessary to understand its behaviour and role in the environment, in addition to enabling reliable Cr speciation analysis to be performed. The current methods of Cr speciation are presented, characterized and their usefulness discussed. These must rely on superior separation and detection capabilities since Cr in environmental compartments is mostly at trace or ultra-trace level. The need for using unique techniques of sampling, storage, handling and separation for Cr speciation is documented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Kotaś
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Cracow, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|