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Alves RC, Fernandes RP, Eloy JO, Salgado HRN, Chorilli M. Characteristics, Properties and Analytical Methods of Paclitaxel: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2018; 48:110-118. [PMID: 29239659 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2017.1416283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Paclitaxel is a diterpenoid pseudoalkaloid, isolated from Taxus brevifolia, and is largely used as an antitumoral drug. The formulation of paclitaxel known as Taxol® employs a mixture of Cremophor EL and dehydrated ethanol, due the low drug water solubility. However, Taxol® causes some unwanted side effects due to the presence of Cremophor EL and ethanol in the formulation. Based on this, there is a need for the development of drug delivery systems to enhance the solubility, permeability and stability of paclitaxel and to promote a controlled and targeted delivery for better therapeutic effect and reduced side effects. In addition, the drug has been qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed in different delivery systems. In this context, several approaches were reported focusing on the optimization of analytical methods and development of new ones, considering the need of a fast, simple, with enough sensibility and selectivity assay, which can be a problem in some analysis. This review presents a summary of methods used in quantification of paclitaxel in different matrices, such as plasma, urine, plant extract, cells and delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Carolina Alves
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara , São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | - Josimar O Eloy
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara , São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | - Marlus Chorilli
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara , São Paulo , Brazil
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Crotti S, Posocco B, Marangon E, Nitti D, Toffoli G, Agostini M. Mass spectrometry in the pharmacokinetic studies of anticancer natural products. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2017; 36:213-251. [PMID: 26280357 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In the history of medicine, nature has represented the main source of medical products. Indeed, the therapeutic use of plants certainly goes back to the Sumerian and Hippocrates and nowadays nature still represents the major source for new drugs discovery. Moreover, in the cancer treatment, drugs are either natural compounds or have been developed from naturally occurring parent compounds firstly isolated from plants and microbes from terrestrial and marine environment. A critical element of an anticancer drug is represented by its severe toxicities and, after administration, the drug concentrations have to remain in an appropriate range to be effective. Anyway, the drug dosage defined during the clinical studies could be inappropriate for an individual patient due to differences in drug absorption, metabolism and excretion. For this reason, personalized medicine, based on therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), represents one of most important challenges in cancer therapy. Mass spectrometry sensitivity, specificity and fastness lead to elect this technique as the Golden Standard for pharmacokinetics and drug metabolism studies therefore for TDM. This review focuses on the mass spectrometry-based methods developed for pharmacokinetic quantification in human plasma of anticancer drugs derived from natural sources and already used in clinical practice. Particular emphasis was placed both on the pre-analytical and analytical steps, such as: sample preparation procedures, sample size required by the analysis and the limit of quantification of drugs and metabolites to give some insights on the clinical practice applicability. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev. 36:213-251, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Crotti
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica - Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Bianca Posocco
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Elena Marangon
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Donato Nitti
- Surgical Clinic, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Nicolo Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Marco Agostini
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica - Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy
- Surgical Clinic, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Nicolo Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
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Aboubakr EM, Taye A, Aly OM, Gamal-Eldeen AM, El-Moselhy MA. Enhanced anticancer effect of Combretastatin A-4 phosphate when combined with vincristine in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:36-46. [PMID: 28214686 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tubulin targeting agents have received considerable interest as a potential tumor-selective vascular disrupting agents, which represent another avenue for cancer growing therapeutic opportunities. Hence, the present study was conducted to investigate the anti-tumor activity of Combretastatin A-4 phosphate (CA4-P) and vincristine against hepatocellular carcinoma in rats, by individual administration and in combination. In vitro study was conducted using human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines, showed that CA4-P and vincristine have a potent cell cytotoxic and tubulin inhibitory effect. In addition, a remarkable synergistic effect was observed by the simultaneous application of both drugs. Whereas in vivo study was conducted using model of rat liver cancer initiated with DENA and promoted by CCl4, showed that CA4-P and vincristine were significantly decreased liver relative weight, number of hepatic nodules and there relative volumes, tubulin content of the hepatic tissue, GSH and AFP. On the other hand, co-administration of both drugs exhibited significant further decrements in these parameters. Whereas a marked increase in MDA, carbonyl content and TNF-α inside hepatic tissue were observed in the treated groups and these increments were more prominent by co-administration of both drugs. In conclusion CA4-P showed a potential anti-cancer activity against hepatocellular carcinoma and this effect was greatly enhanced by co-administration with vincristine. Additionally, our new findings provided an important evidence that the anticancer activity of drugs with a narrow therapeutic window such as vincristine can be greatly improved by its co-administration with CA4-P providing more enhanced activity with less side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esam M Aboubakr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, South Valley University, 6 Km, Qena Safaga Road, Qena, Egypt.
| | - Ashraf Taye
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Minia University, Ard Shalaby, Misr-Aswan Road, El-Minia, Egypt.
| | - Omar M Aly
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Minia University, Ard Shalaby, Misr-Aswan Road, El-Minia, Egypt.
| | - Amira M Gamal-Eldeen
- Cancer Biology, Center of excellence for advanced sciences, National Research Center, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A El-Moselhy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Minia University, Ard Shalaby, Misr-Aswan Road, El-Minia, Egypt.
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A simple, rapid and sensitive RP-HPLC-UV method for the simultaneous determination of sorafenib & paclitaxel in plasma and pharmaceutical dosage forms: Application to pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1033-1034:261-270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Quantification of taxanes in biological matrices: a review of bioanalytical assays and recommendations for development of new assays. Bioanalysis 2014; 6:993-1010. [PMID: 24806907 DOI: 10.4155/bio.14.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the isolation of paclitaxel and its approval for the treatment of breast cancer, various taxanes and taxane formulations have been developed. To date, almost 100 bioanalytical assays have been published with the method development and optimization often extensively discussed by the authors. This Review presents an overview of assays published between January 1970 and September 2013 that described method development and validation of assays used to quantify taxanes in biological matrices such as plasma, urine, feces and tissue samples. For liquid chromatography assays, sample pretreatment, chromatographic separation and assay performance are compared. Since this Review discusses the limitations of previously developed liquid chromatography assays and gives recommendations for future assay development, it can be used as a reference for future development of liquid chromatography assays for the quantification of taxanes in various biological matrices to support preclinical and clinical studies.
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Gropeanu RA, Baumann H, Ritz S, Mailänder V, Surrey T, del Campo A. Phototriggerable 2',7-caged paclitaxel. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43657. [PMID: 22970137 PMCID: PMC3435387 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Three different variants of photoactivatable caged paclitaxel (PTX) have been synthesized and their bioactivity was characterized in in vitro assays and in living cells. The caged PTXs contain the photoremovable chromophore 4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl (Nvoc) attached to position C7, C2' and to both of these positions via a carbonate bond. Single caged PTXs remained biologically active even at low dosages. Double caging was necessary in order to fully inhibit its activity and to obtain a phototriggerable PTX that can be applied successfully at commonly used concentrations. Irradiation of solutions containing the double caged PTX allowed dose-dependent delivery of functional PTX. Light-triggered stabilization of microtubule assemblies in vitro and in vivo by controlled light exposure of tubulin solutions or cell cultures containing caged PTX was demonstrated. Short light exposure under a fluorescence microscope allowed controlled delivery of free PTX during imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hella Baumann
- Cancer Research United Kingdom, London Research Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratories, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Ritz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Mainz, Germany
| | - Volker Mailänder
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Mainz, Germany
- 3rd Department of Medicine (Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology), University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Surrey
- Cancer Research United Kingdom, London Research Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratories, London, United Kingdom
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Prinz H, Böhm KJ, Müller K. Synthesis of 2,6-Aceanthrylenedione, a Cyclic Vinylog of Anthraquinone. J Org Chem 2010; 75:3867-70. [DOI: 10.1021/jo1003983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helge Prinz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Westphalian Wilhelms-University, Hittorfstrasse 58-62, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Konrad J. Böhm
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research−Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Klaus Müller
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Westphalian Wilhelms-University, Hittorfstrasse 58-62, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Abstract
The use of the antitumor drug taxol as an experimental microtubule-stabilizing agent is widespread. Fluorescent taxol conjugates, although less employed, are very useful tools for several purposes in microtubule research. These include easily visualizing microtubule cytoskeletons in a variety of cells as well as in vitro assembled microtubules, studying the molecular recognition processes of taxoids by microtubules and investigating new microtubule-stabilizing agents. This chapter describes both the methods for working with fluorescent taxol conjugates and several applications employing the active fluorescent taxoids Flutax-1, Flutax-2, Hexaflutax, Rotax, and FChitax-3. These methods include visualizing microtubules in native and mildly fixed cytoskeletons from cultured cells, ciliate and flagellate protozoans and in living tumor cells, purification of tubulin from tumor cell lines and measurement of its taxoid binding capacity. The applications discussed include a homogeneous assay to screen for compounds binding the taxol site, the determination of the pathway of taxol entry into microtubules and the design of high affinity microtubule-stabilizing agents.
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Arnold LA, Ranaivo P, Guy RK. Synthesis and characterization of BODIPY-labeled colchicine. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:5867-70. [PMID: 18684625 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2008] [Revised: 07/15/2008] [Accepted: 07/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Two BODIPY-labeled colchicine derivatives were synthesized and shown to bind to tubulin but only partially inhibit tubulin polymerization in the presence of GTP. Cytotoxicity studies were carried out in HeLa, HepG2, Raji and Vero cells. Apoptosis-inducing properties were determined by caspase 3/7 activity and flow cytometry and interactions between the derivatives and tubulin were verified by fluorescence microscopy of living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leggy A Arnold
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, 332 N. Lauderdale St., Mail Stop 1000, Memphis, TN 38105-2794, USA
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