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Anwar MJ, Alenezi SK, Mahmood D, Azam F, Alharbi KS. An insight into the implications of estrogen deficiency and transforming growth factor β in antiepileptic drugs-induced bone loss. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 907:174313. [PMID: 34245750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There have been a number of reports that chronic antiepileptic drug (AEDs) therapy is associated with abnormal bone and calcium metabolism, osteoporosis/osteomalacia, and increased risk of fractures. Bony adverse effects of long term antiepileptic drug therapy have been reported for more than four decades but the exact molecular mechanism is still lacking. Several mechanisms have been proposed regarding AEDs induced bone loss; Hypovitaminosis D, hyperparathyroidism, estrogen deficiency, calcitonin deficiency. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF- β) is abundant in bone matrix and has been shown to regulate the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in vitro. All isoforms of TGF- β are expressed in bone and intricately play role in bone homeostasis by modulating estrogen level. Ovariectomised animal have shown down regulation of TGF- β in bone that could also be a probable target of AEDs therapy associated bone loss. One of the widely accepted hypotheses regarding the conventional drugs induced bone loss is hypovitaminosis D which is by virtue of their microsomal enzyme inducing effect. However, despite of the lack of enzyme inducing effect of certain newer antiepileptic drugs, reduced bone mineral density with these drugs have also been reported. Thus an understanding of bone biology, pathophysiology of AEDs induced bone loss at molecular level can aid in the better management of bone loss in patients on chronic AEDs therapy. This review focuses mainly on certain new molecular targets of AEDs induced bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jamir Anwar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sattam K Alenezi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Danish Mahmood
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faizul Azam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Saad Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
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Rahman M, Peng XL, Zhao XH, Gong HL, Sun XD, Wu Q, Wei DX. 3D bioactive cell-free-scaffolds for in-vitro/in-vivo capture and directed osteoinduction of stem cells for bone tissue regeneration. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:4083-4095. [PMID: 33997495 PMCID: PMC8091180 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrophilic bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) is easily degraded and difficult to load onto hydrophobic carrier materials, which limits the application of polyester materials in bone tissue engineering. Based on soybean-lecithin as an adjuvant biosurfactant, we designed a novel cell-free-scaffold of polymer of poly(ε-caprolactone) and poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-co-polyetherimide with abundant entrapped and continuously released BMP2 for in vivo stem cell-capture and in situ osteogenic induction, avoiding the use of exogenous cells. The optimized bioactive osteo-polyester scaffold (BOPSC), i.e. SBMP-10SC, had a high BMP2 entrapment efficiency of 95.35%. Due to its higher porosity of 83.42%, higher water uptake ratio of 850%, and sustained BMP2 release with polymer degradation, BOPSCs were demonstrated to support excellent in vitro capture, proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation of mouse adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (mADSCs), and performed much better than traditional BMP-10SCs with unmodified BMP2 and single polyester scaffolds (10SCs). Furthermore, in vivo capture and migration of stem cells and differentiation into osteoblasts was observed in mice implanted with BOPSCs without exogenous cells, which enabled allogeneic bone formation with a high bone mineral density and ratios of new bone volume to existing tissue volume after 6 months. The BOPSC is an advanced 3D cell-free platform with sustained BMP2 supply for in situ stem cell capture and osteoinduction in bone tissue engineering with potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamatali Rahman
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and System Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xue-Liang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Hai-Lun Gong
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and System Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Dai-Xu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
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Diemar SS, Sejling AS, Eiken P, Andersen NB, Jørgensen NR. An explorative literature review of the multifactorial causes of osteoporosis in epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2019; 100:106511. [PMID: 31522076 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with epilepsy have a greatly increased risk of osteoporosis and fractures. The literature is diverse and contradictory when dealing with the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Consequently, the purpose of this review was to shed light on the multifactorial causes behind the increased occurrence of metabolic bone disease in patients with epilepsy and to identify areas for future research. METHODS A review of the literature was performed searching PubMed with relevant Medical Subject Headings MeSH terms. The results of the search were evaluated for relevance to the review based on the title and abstract of the publication. Publications in language other than English and publications pertaining only pediatric patients were excluded. For all studies, included reference lists were evaluated for further relevant publications. In total, 96 publications were included in this explorative review. RESULTS The high occurrence of metabolic bone disease in patients with epilepsy is multifactorial. The causes are the socioeconomic consequences of having a chronic neurological disease but also adverse effects to antiepileptic drug treatment ranging from interference with calcium and vitamin D metabolism to hyponatremia-induced osteoporosis. CONCLUSION The literature supports the need for awareness of bone health in patients with epilepsy. The pathophysiological mechanisms are many and various wanting for further research in the less well-characterized areas. Furthermore, great responsibility rests on the healthcare professionals in implementing comprehensive patient care and in assuring bone protective measures in clinical practice to prevent bone loss in patients with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Seberg Diemar
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Valdemar Hansens vej 1-23, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark; OPEN, Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital/Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløws vej 19, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Anne-Sophie Sejling
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Nordsjællands Hospital, Dyrehavevej 29, 3400 Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Pia Eiken
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Nordsjællands Hospital, Dyrehavevej 29, 3400 Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Noémi Becser Andersen
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Valdemar Hansens vej 1-23, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Niklas Rye Jørgensen
- OPEN, Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital/Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløws vej 19, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Valdemar Hansens vej 1-23, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
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Lee HJ, Arikawa K. Influence of Low Level Sodium Fluoride on Expression of IGF-1 and IGF-2 Protein in Experimental Type 2 Diabetes with Periodontitis Model. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2015. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.24.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Lee
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Howon University
| | - Kazumune Arikawa
- Department of Preventive and Public Oral Health, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
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One-step liquid-phase heterogeneous synthesis of phenytoin using modified calcium oxide as a solid basic catalyst. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-014-1203-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Galvez-Contreras AY, Gonzalez-Castaneda RE, Luquin S, Guzman-Muniz J, Moy-Lopez NA, Ramos-Zuniga R, Gonzalez-Perez O. Diphenylhydantoin promotes proliferation in the subventricular zone and dentate gyrus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 3:1-9. [PMID: 24478822 DOI: 10.3844/amjnsp.2012.1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PROBLEM STATEMENT Diphenylhydantoin (phenytoin) is an antiepileptic drug that generates hyperplasia in some tissue by stimulating Epidermal Growth Factor (EGFR) and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta (PDGFR-β) receptors and by increasing serum levels of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, FGF2 or FGF-β). Neural stem cells in the adult brain have been isolated from three regions: the Subventricular Zone (SVZ) lining the lateral wall of the lateral ventricles, the Subgranular Zone (SGZ) in the dentate gyrus at the hippocampus and the Subgranular Zone (SZC) lining between the hippocampus and the corpus callosum. Neural stem cells actively respond to bFGF, PDGFR-β or EGF by increasing their proliferation, survival and differentiation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of phenytoin on proliferation and apoptosis in the three neurogenic niches in the adult brain. APPROACH We orally administrated phenytoin with an oropharyngeal cannula for 30 days: 0 mg kg-1 (controls), 1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 mg kg-1. To label proliferative cells, three injections of 100 mg kg-1 of BrdU was administrated every 12 h. Immunohistochemistry against BrdU or Caspase-3 active were performed to determine the number of proliferative or apoptotic cells. RESULTS Our results showed that phenytoin induces proliferation in the SVZ and the SGZ in a dose-dependent manner. No statistically significant effects on cell proliferation in the SCZ neither in the apoptosis rate at the SVZ, SGZ and SCZ were found. CONCLUSION These data indicate that phenytoin promotes a dose-dependent proliferation in the SVZ and SGZ of the adult brain. The clinical relevance of these findings remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Y Galvez-Contreras
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Facultad de Psicologia, Universidad de Colima, Colima, 28040, Mexico ; Department of Neuroscience, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico
| | - Rocio E Gonzalez-Castaneda
- Department of Neuroscience, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico
| | - Sonia Luquin
- Department of Neuroscience, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico
| | - Jorge Guzman-Muniz
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Facultad de Psicologia, Universidad de Colima, Colima, 28040, Mexico
| | - Norma A Moy-Lopez
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Facultad de Psicologia, Universidad de Colima, Colima, 28040, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Ramos-Zuniga
- Department of Neuroscience, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico
| | - Oscar Gonzalez-Perez
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Facultad de Psicologia, Universidad de Colima, Colima, 28040, Mexico ; Department of Neuroscience, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico
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Tsiropoulos I, Andersen M, Nymark T, Lauritsen J, Gaist D, Hallas J. Exposure to antiepileptic drugs and the risk of hip fracture: A case-control study. Epilepsia 2008; 49:2092-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01640.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Park BW, Hah YS, Kim DR, Kim JR, Byun JH. Osteogenic phenotypes and mineralization of cultured human periosteal-derived cells. Arch Oral Biol 2007; 52:983-9. [PMID: 17543271 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2007.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2007] [Revised: 04/11/2007] [Accepted: 04/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells or osteogenic precursor cells isolated from bone marrow, trabecular tissues in bone, cartilage, muscle, and fat are the most suitable source for bone tissue engineering. In this study, we investigated the osteogenic phenotypes and mineralization of cultured human periosteal-derived cells obtained from mandibular periosteums. These periosteal-derived cells were positive for CD44, CD90, and CD166 antigens. They are successfully differentiated into osteoblasts in the medium containing dexamethasone, ascorbic acid, and beta-glycerophosphate. We observed that alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was largely expressed in the earlier stage of osteoblastic differentiation according to histochemical staining and RT-PCR analysis, whereas osteocalcin was dominantly expressed and secreted into the medium at the later stage. In addition, mineralized nodule formation has been observed by von Kossa staining in a time-dependent manner. These results suggest that periosteal-derived cell has the potential osteogenic activity and could be a good candidate for tissue engineering to restore the bony defects of the maxillofacial region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong-Wook Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, 660-702 Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
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Lau KHW, Goodwin C, Arias M, Mohan S, Baylink DJ. Bone cell mitogenic action of fluoroaluminate and aluminum fluoride but not that of sodium fluoride involves upregulation of the insulin-like growth factor system. Bone 2002; 30:705-11. [PMID: 11996908 DOI: 10.1016/s8756-3282(02)00671-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The fluoroaluminate (AlF(4)(-)) ion and sodium fluoride (NaF) have previously been shown to be bone cell mitogens. This study sought to determine whether the bone cell mitogenic action of AlF(4)(-) and/or NaF would involve the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) regulatory system. We evaluated the effect of mitogenic doses of AlF(4)(-) and NaF on the mRNA levels and the protein level (in conditioned media [CM]) of several components of the IGF system (i.e., IGF-2, IGF binding protein [IGFBP]-4, and IGFBP-5) in human TE85 osteosarcoma cells. Aluminum fluoride (AlF(3)) was included for comparison. NaF, AlF(3), and AlF(4)(-), each at 50-100 micromol/L, increased [3H]thymidine incorporation in TE85 cells. Mitogenic concentrations of AlF(3) and AlF(4)(-): (1) increased the mRNA (up to twofold after 24 h treatment) and protein (in CM) levels (up to 2.5-fold after 48 h treatment) of IGF-2; (2) increased the mRNA level (twofold) and the protein level in CM (up to threefold) of stimulatory IGFBP-5; and (3) either reduced slightly or had no effect on the mRNA and protein (in CM) levels of the inhibitory IGFBP-4. Conversely, mitogenic concentrations of NaF had no significant effects on the protein (in CM) or mRNA level of IGF-2, IGFBP-4, or IGFBP-5. The addition of an inhibitory concentration of IGFBP-4 completely abolished the bone cell mitogenic activity of AlF(3) and AlF(4)(-) but not that of NaF. The findings of this study provide strong evidence that the bone cell mitogenic activity of AlF(4)(-) and AlF(3), but not that of NaF, is mediated by the upregulation of the IGF regulatory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-H William Lau
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center (151), Jerry L. Pettis Memorial VA Medical Center, 11201 Benton Street, Loma Linda, CA 92357, USA.
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