1
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Li X, Buda F, de Groot HJ, Sevink GJA. The role of chirality and plastic crystallinity in the optical and mechanical properties of chlorosomes. iScience 2022; 25:103618. [PMID: 35005556 PMCID: PMC8719020 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The most efficient light-harvesting antennae found in nature, chlorosomes, are molecular tubular aggregates (TMAs) assembled by pigments without protein scaffolds. Here, we discuss a classification of chlorosomes as a unique tubular plastic crystal and we attribute the robust energy transfer in chlorosomes to this unique nature. To systematically study the role of supramolecular tube chirality by molecular simulation, a role that has remained unresolved, we share a protocol for generating realistic tubes at atomic resolution. We find that both the optical and the mechanical behavior are strongly dependent on chirality. The optical-chirality relation enables a direct interpretation of experimental spectra in terms of overall tube chirality. The mechanical response shows that the overall chirality regulates the hardness of the tube and provides a new characteristic for relating chlorosomes to distinct chirality. Our protocol also applies to other TMA systems and will inspire other systematic studies beyond lattice models. Classifies chlorosomes in terms of a tubular plastic crystal phase Clarifies the unique strategy of chlorosomes for harvesting and transporting energy Presents a protocol for building atom-resolved helical tube structures Maps tube chirality directly to measurable optical and mechanical responses
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmeng Li
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA Leiden, South Holland, the Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry and Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, P.O.Box 1033, Blindern, Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Corresponding author
| | - Francesco Buda
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA Leiden, South Holland, the Netherlands
| | - Huub J.M. de Groot
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA Leiden, South Holland, the Netherlands
| | - G. J. Agur Sevink
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA Leiden, South Holland, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author
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2
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Kunsel T, Günther LM, Köhler J, Jansen TLC, Knoester J. Probing size variations of molecular aggregates inside chlorosomes using single-object spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:124310. [PMID: 34598584 DOI: 10.1063/5.0061529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We theoretically investigate the possibility to use single-object spectroscopy to probe size variations of the bacteriochlorophyll aggregates inside chlorosomes. Chlorosomes are the light-harvesting organelles of green sulfur and non-sulfur bacteria. They are known to be the most efficient light-harvesting systems in nature. Key to this efficiency is the organization of bacteriochlorophyll molecules in large self-assembled aggregates that define the secondary structure inside the chlorosomes. Many studies have been reported to elucidate the morphology of these aggregates and the molecular packing inside them. It is widely believed that tubular aggregates play an important role. Because the size (radius and length) of these aggregates affects the optical and excitation energy transport properties, it is of interest to be able to probe these quantities inside chlorosomes. We show that a combination of single-chlorosome linear polarization resolved spectroscopy and single-chlorosome circular dichroism spectroscopy may be used to access the typical size of the tubular aggregates within a chlorosome and, thus, probe possible variations between individual chlorosomes that may result, for instance, from different stages in growth or different growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kunsel
- University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - L M Günther
- Spectroscopy of Soft Matter, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - J Köhler
- Spectroscopy of Soft Matter, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - T L C Jansen
- University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Knoester
- University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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3
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Lokstein H, Renger G, Götze JP. Photosynthetic Light-Harvesting (Antenna) Complexes-Structures and Functions. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113378. [PMID: 34204994 PMCID: PMC8199901 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls, together with carotenoids, serve, noncovalently bound to specific apoproteins, as principal light-harvesting and energy-transforming pigments in photosynthetic organisms. In recent years, enormous progress has been achieved in the elucidation of structures and functions of light-harvesting (antenna) complexes, photosynthetic reaction centers and even entire photosystems. It is becoming increasingly clear that light-harvesting complexes not only serve to enlarge the absorption cross sections of the respective reaction centers but are vitally important in short- and long-term adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus and regulation of the energy-transforming processes in response to external and internal conditions. Thus, the wide variety of structural diversity in photosynthetic antenna “designs” becomes conceivable. It is, however, common for LHCs to form trimeric (or multiples thereof) structures. We propose a simple, tentative explanation of the trimer issue, based on the 2D world created by photosynthetic membrane systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Lokstein
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 12116 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| | - Gernot Renger
- Max-Volmer-Laboratorium, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan P. Götze
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, D-14195 Berlin, Germany;
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4
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Günther LM, Knoester J, Köhler J. Limitations of Linear Dichroism Spectroscopy for Elucidating Structural Issues of Light-Harvesting Aggregates in Chlorosomes. Molecules 2021; 26:899. [PMID: 33572047 PMCID: PMC7914687 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Linear dichroism (LD) spectroscopy is a widely used technique for studying the mutual orientation of the transition-dipole moments of the electronically excited states of molecular aggregates. Often the method is applied to aggregates where detailed information about the geometrical arrangement of the monomers is lacking. However, for complex molecular assemblies where the monomers are assembled hierarchically in tiers of supramolecular structural elements, the method cannot extract well-founded information about the monomer arrangement. Here we discuss this difficulty on the example of chlorosomes, which are the light-harvesting aggregates of photosynthetic green-(non) sulfur bacteria. Chlorosomes consist of hundreds of thousands of bacteriochlorophyll molecules that self-assemble into secondary structural elements of curved lamellar or cylindrical morphology. We exploit data from polarization-resolved fluorescence-excitation spectroscopy performed on single chlorosomes for reconstructing the corresponding LD spectra. This reveals that LD spectroscopy is not suited for benchmarking structural models in particular for complex hierarchically organized molecular supramolecular assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Günther
- Spectroscopy of Soft Matter, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany;
| | - Jasper Knoester
- University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Jürgen Köhler
- Spectroscopy of Soft Matter, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany;
- Bayreuth Institute for Macromolecular Research (BIMF), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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5
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Katayama A, Tamiaki H. Stereoselective self-aggregation of zinc bacteriochlorophyll-d analogs possessing an O-substituted oxime moiety at the 13-position. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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6
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Li X, Buda F, de Groot HJ, Sevink GJA. Contrasting Modes of Self-Assembly and Hydrogen-Bonding Heterogeneity in Chlorosomes of Chlorobaculum tepidum. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2018; 122:14877-14888. [PMID: 30258522 PMCID: PMC6150686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b01790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chlorosome antennae form an interesting class of materials for studying the role of structural motifs and dynamics in nonadiabatic energy transfer. They perform robust and highly quantum-efficient transfer of excitonic energy while allowing for compositional variation and completely lacking the usual regulatory proteins. Here, we first cast the geometrical analysis for ideal tubular scaffolding models into a formal framework, to relate effective helical properties of the assembly structures to established characterization data for various types of chlorosomes. This analysis shows that helicity is uniquely defined for chlorosomes composed of bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) d and that three chiral angles are consistent with the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electron microscope data for BChl c, including two novel ones that are at variance with current interpretations of optical data based on perfect cylindrical symmetry. We use this information as a starting point for investigating dynamic and static heterogeneity at the molecular level by unconstrained molecular dynamics. We first identify a rotational degree of freedom, along the Mg-OH coordination bond, that alternates along the syn-anti stacks and underlies the (flexible) curvature on a larger scale. Because rotation directly relates to the formation or breaking of interstack hydrogen bonds of the O-H···O=C structural motif along the syn-anti stacks, we analyzed the relative fractions of hydrogen-bonded and the nonbonded regions, forming stripe domains in otherwise spectroscopically homogeneous curved slabs. The ratios 7:3 for BChl c and 9:1 for BChl d for the two distinct structural components agree well with the signal intensities determined by NMR. In addition, rotation with curvature-independent formation of stripe domains offers a viable explanation for the localization and dispersion of exciton states over two fractions, as observed in single chlorosome fluorescence decay studies.
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7
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Temperature-dependent self-assemblies of zinc 31-hydroxy-chlorins in polydimethylsiloxane oil. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Saga Y, Yoshida N, Yamada S, Mizoguchi T, Tamiaki H. Biosynthesis of unnatural glycolipids possessing diyne moiety in the acyl chain in the green sulfur photosynthetic bacterium Chlorobaculum tepidum grown by supplementation of 10,12-heptadecadiynic acid. Biochem Biophys Rep 2017; 9:42-46. [PMID: 28955987 PMCID: PMC5614547 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Unnatural glycolipids possessing the diyne moiety in their acyl groups were successfully biosynthesized in the green sulfur photosynthetic bacterium Chlorobaculum (Cba.) tepidum by cultivation with supplementation of 10,12-heptadecadiynic acid. Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and rhamnosylgalactosyldiacylglycerol (RGDG) esterified with one 10,12-heptadecadiynic acid were primarily formed in the cells, and small amounts of glycolipids esterified with the two unnatural fatty acids can also be detected. The relative ratio of these unnatural glycolipids occupied in the total glycolipids was estimated to be 49% based on HPLC analysis using a evaporative light scattering detector. These results indicate that the acyl groups in glycolipids, which play important roles in the formation of extramembranous antenna complexes called chlorosomes, can be modified in vivo by cultivation of green sulfur photosynthetic bacteria with exogenous synthetic fatty acids. Visible absorption and circular dichroism spectra of Cba. tepidum containing the unnatural glycolipids demonstrated the formation of chlorosomes, indicating that the unnatural glycolipids in this study did not interfere with the biogenesis of chlorosomes. Novel glycolipids possessing a diyne moiety in the acyl chain were biosynthesized. Supplemental fatty acids were used in the biosynthesis of glycolipids in the photosynthetic bacterium. The novel glycolipids did not inhibit the formation of photosynthetic antenna complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Saga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Nozomi Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Shota Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Tadashi Mizoguchi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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9
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Günther LM, Jendrny M, Bloemsma EA, Tank M, Oostergetel GT, Bryant DA, Knoester J, Köhler J. Structure of Light-Harvesting Aggregates in Individual Chlorosomes. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:5367-76. [PMID: 27240572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b03718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Among all photosynthetic organisms, green bacteria have evolved one of the most efficient light-harvesting antenna, the chlorosome, that contains hundreds of thousands of bacteriochlorophyll molecules, allowing these bacteria to grow photosynthetically by absorbing only a few photons per bacteriochlorophyll molecule per day. In contrast to other photosynthetic light-harvesting antenna systems, for which a protein scaffold imposes the proper positioning of the chromophores with respect to each other, in chlorosomes, this is accomplished solely by self-assembly. This has aroused enormous interest in the structure-function relations of these assemblies, as they can serve as blueprints for artificial light harvesting systems. In spite of these efforts, conclusive structural information is not available yet, reflecting the sample heterogeneity inherent to the natural system. Here we combine mutagenesis, polarization-resolved single-particle fluorescence-excitation spectroscopy, cryo-electron microscopy, and theoretical modeling to study the chlorosomes of the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobaculum tepidum. We demonstrate that only the combination of these techniques yields unambiguous information on the structure of the bacteriochlorophyll aggregates within the chlorosomes. Moreover, we provide a quantitative estimate of the curvature variation of these aggregates that explains ongoing debates concerning the chlorosome structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Günther
- Experimental Physics IV, University of Bayreuth , D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Marc Jendrny
- Experimental Physics IV, University of Bayreuth , D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Erik A Bloemsma
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcus Tank
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Gert T Oostergetel
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute , Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Donald A Bryant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University , Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Jasper Knoester
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Köhler
- Experimental Physics IV, University of Bayreuth , D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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10
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Somoza Márquez A, Chen L, Sun K, Zhao Y. Probing ultrafast excitation energy transfer of the chlorosome with exciton–phonon variational dynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:20298-311. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06491k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Excitation energy transfer of the chlorosome is investigated using exciton–phonon variational dynamics revealing ultrafast energy relaxation and exciton delocalization on a 100 fs scale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lipeng Chen
- Division of Materials Science
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
| | - Kewei Sun
- School of Science
- Hangzhou Dianzi University
- Hangzhou 310018
- China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Division of Materials Science
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
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11
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Ritschel G, Suess D, Möbius S, Strunz WT, Eisfeld A. Non-Markovian Quantum State Diffusion for temperature-dependent linear spectra of light harvesting aggregates. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:034115. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4905327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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12
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Wang Y, Freund DM, Magdaong NM, Urban VS, Frank HA, Hegeman AD, Tang JKH. Impact of esterified bacteriochlorophylls on the biogenesis of chlorosomes in Chloroflexus aurantiacus. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2014; 122:69-86. [PMID: 24880610 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-014-0017-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A chlorosome is an antenna complex located on the cytoplasmic side of the inner membrane in green photosynthetic bacteria that contains tens of thousands of self-assembled bacteriochlorophylls (BChls). Green bacteria are known to incorporate various esterifying alcohols at the C-17 propionate position of BChls in the chlorosome. The effect of these functional substitutions on the biogenesis of the chlorosome has not yet been fully explored. In this report, we address this question by investigating various esterified bacteriochlorophyll c (BChl c) homologs in the thermophilic green non-sulfur bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus. Cultures were supplemented with exogenous long-chain alcohols at 52 °C (an optimal growth temperature) and 44 °C (a suboptimal growth temperature), and the morphology, optical properties and exciton transfer characteristics of chlorosomes were investigated. Our studies indicate that at 44 °C Cfl. aurantiacus synthesizes more carotenoids, incorporates more BChl c homologs with unsaturated and rigid polyisoprenoid esterifying alcohols and produces more heterogeneous BChl c homologs in chlorosomes. Substitution of phytol for stearyl alcohol of BChl c maintains similar morphology of the intact chlorosome and enhances energy transfer from the chlorosome to the membrane-bound photosynthetic apparatus. Different morphologies of the intact chlorosome versus in vitro BChl aggregates are suggested by small-angle neutron scattering. Additionally, phytol cultures and 44 °C cultures exhibit slow assembly of the chlorosome. These results suggest that the esterifying alcohol of BChl c contributes to long-range organization of BChls, and that interactions between BChls with other components are important to the assembly of the chlorosome. Possible mechanisms for how esterifying alcohols affect the biogenesis of the chlorosome are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaya Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, Worcester, MA, 01610, USA
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13
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14
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Tang JKH, Saikin SK, Pingali SV, Enriquez MM, Huh J, Frank HA, Urban VS, Aspuru-Guzik A. Temperature and carbon assimilation regulate the chlorosome biogenesis in green sulfur bacteria. Biophys J 2014; 105:1346-56. [PMID: 24047985 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Green photosynthetic bacteria adjust the structure and functionality of the chlorosome-the light-absorbing antenna complex-in response to environmental stress factors. The chlorosome is a natural self-assembled aggregate of bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) molecules. In this study, we report the regulation of the biogenesis of the Chlorobaculum tepidum chlorosome by carbon assimilation in conjunction with temperature changes. Our studies indicate that the carbon source and thermal stress culture of C. tepidum grows slower and incorporates fewer BChl c in the chlorosome. Compared with the chlorosome from other cultural conditions we investigated, the chlorosome from the carbon source and thermal stress culture displays (a) smaller cross-sectional radius and overall size, (b) simplified BChl c homologs with smaller side chains, (c) blue-shifted Qy absorption maxima, and (d) a sigmoid-shaped circular dichroism spectra. Using a theoretical model, we analyze how the observed spectral modifications can be associated with structural changes of BChl aggregates inside the chlorosome. Our report suggests a mechanism of metabolic regulation for chlorosome biogenesis.
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15
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Short JM, Berriman JA, Kübel C, El‐Hachemi Z, Naubron J, Balaban TS. Electron cryo-microscopy of TPPS4⋅2HCl tubes reveals a helical organisation explaining the origin of their chirality. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:3209-14. [PMID: 23908093 PMCID: PMC4281918 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A widely studied achiral porphyrin, which is highly soluble in aqueous solutions (TPPS4), is shown to self-assemble into helical nanotubes. These were imaged by electron cryo-microscopy and a state-of-the-art image analysis allows building a map at ∼5 Å resolution, one of the highest obtained so far for molecular materials. The authors were able to trace the apparent symmetry breaking to existing nuclei in the "as received samples", while carefully purified samples show that both handnesses occur in equal amounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith M. Short
- Division of Structural Studies, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB1 0QH (UK)
| | - John A. Berriman
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen (Germany)
| | - Christian Kübel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen (Germany)
| | - Zoubir El‐Hachemi
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Barcelona, Catalonia (Spain)
| | - Jean‐Valère Naubron
- Aix Marseille Université, Spectropole, CNRS FR 1739, Avenue Escadrille Normandie Niemen, Marseille (France)
| | - Teodor Silviu Balaban
- Aix Marseille Université, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille (iSm2), CNRS UMR 7313, Chirosciences, Avenue Escadrille Normandie Niemen, Case A62, 13397 Marseille CEDEX 20 (France)
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16
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Tang JKH, Xu Y, Muhlmann GM, Zare F, Khin Y, Tam SW. Temperature shift effect on the Chlorobaculum tepidum chlorosomes. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2013; 115:23-41. [PMID: 23435510 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-013-9800-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Chlorobaculum [Cba.] tepidum is known to grow optimally at 48-52 °C and can also be cultured at ambient temperatures. In this paper, we prepared constant temperature, temperature shift, and temperature shift followed by backshift cultures and investigated the intrinsic properties and spectral features of chlorosomes from those cultures using various approaches, including temperature-dependent measurements on circular dichroism (CD), UV-visible, and dynamic light scattering. Our studies indicate that (1) chlorosomes from constant temperature cultures at 50 and 30 °C exhibited more resistance to heat relative to temperature shift cultures; (2) as temperature increases bacteriochlorophyll c (BChl c) in chlorosomes is prone to demetalation, which forms bacteriopheophytin c, and degradation under aerobic conditions. Some BChl c aggregates inside reduced chlorosomes prepared in low-oxygen environments can reform after heat treatments; (3) temperature shift cultures synthesize and incorporate more BChl c homologs with a smaller substituent at C-8 on the chlorin ring and less BChl c homologs with a larger long-chain alcohol at C-17(3) versus constant-temperature cultures. We hypothesize that the long-chain alcohol at C-17(3) (and perhaps together with the substituent at C-8) may account for thermal stability of chlorosomes and the substituent at C-8 may assist self-assembling BChls; and (4) while almost identical absorption spectra are detected, chlorosomes from different growth conditions exhibited differences in the rotational length of the CD signal, and aerobic and reduced chlorosomes also display different Qy CD intensities. Further, chlorosomes exhibited changes of CD features in response to temperature increases. Additionally, we compare temperature-dependent studies for the Cba. tepidum chlorosomes and previous studies for the Chloroflexus aurantiacus chlorosomes. Together, our work provides useful and novel insights on the properties and organization of chlorosomes.
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17
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Furumaki S, Yabiku Y, Habuchi S, Tsukatani Y, Bryant DA, Vacha M. Circular Dichroism Measured on Single Chlorosomal Light-Harvesting Complexes of Green Photosynthetic Bacteria. J Phys Chem Lett 2012; 3:3545-3549. [PMID: 26290985 DOI: 10.1021/jz301671p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report results on circular dichroism (CD) measured on single immobilized chlorosomes of a triple mutant of green sulfur bacterium Chlorobaculum tepidum . The CD signal is measured by monitoring chlorosomal bacteriochlorphyll c fluorescence excited by alternate left and right circularly polarized laser light with a fixed wavelength of 733 nm. The excitation wavelength is close to a maximum of the negative CD signal of a bulk solution of the same chlorosomes. The average CD dissymmetry parameter obtained from an ensemble of individual chlorosomes was gs = -0.025, with an intrinsic standard deviation (due to variations between individual chlorosomes) of 0.006. The dissymmetry value is about 2.5 times larger than that obtained at the same wavelength in the bulk solution. The difference can be satisfactorily explained by taking into account the orientation factor in the single-chlorosome experiments. The observed distribution of the dissymmetry parameter reflects the well-ordered nature of the mutant chlorosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Furumaki
- †Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1-S8, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Yu Yabiku
- †Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1-S8, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Satoshi Habuchi
- ‡Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yusuke Tsukatani
- §Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Donald A Bryant
- §Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- ¶Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Martin Vacha
- †Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1-S8, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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18
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Borisov AY. On the structure and function of “chlorosomes” of green bacteria. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350912040021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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19
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Kitagawa Y, Miyatake T, Ishii K. Magneto-chiral dichroism of artificial light-harvesting antenna. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:5091-3. [PMID: 22513395 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc30996c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated the presence of magneto-chiral dichroism (MChD) of chiral J-aggregates of zinc chlorins. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first observation of MChD in artificial light-harvesting antennas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Kitagawa
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
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20
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Martiskainen J, Linnanto J, Aumanen V, Myllyperkiö P, Korppi-Tommola J. Excitation Energy Transfer in Isolated Chlorosomes from Chlorobaculum tepidum and Prosthecochloris aestuarii. Photochem Photobiol 2012; 88:675-83. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01098.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Tian Y, Camacho R, Thomsson D, Reus M, Holzwarth AR, Scheblykin IG. Organization of bacteriochlorophylls in individual chlorosomes from Chlorobaculum tepidum studied by 2-dimensional polarization fluorescence microscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:17192-9. [PMID: 21923120 DOI: 10.1021/ja2019959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chlorosomes are the largest and most efficient natural light-harvesting systems and contain supramolecular assemblies of bacteriochlorophylls that are organized without proteins. Despite a recent structure determination for chlorosomes from Chlorobaculum tepidum (Ganapathy Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2009, 106, 8525), the issue of a possible large structural disorder is still discussed controversially. We have studied individual chlorosomes prepared under very carefully controlled growth condition by a novel 2-dimensional polarization single molecule imaging technique giving polarization information for both fluorescence excitation and emission simultaneously. Contrary to the existing literature data, the polarization degree or modulation depth (M) for both excitation (absorption) and emission (fluorescence) showed extremely narrow distributions. The fluorescence was always highly polarized with M ≈ 0.77, independent of the excitation wavelength. Moreover, the fluorescence spectra of individual chlorosomes were identical within the error limits. These results lead us to conclude that all chlorosomes possess the same type of internal organization in terms of the arrangement of the bacteriochlorophyll c transition dipole moments and their total excitonic transition dipole possess a cylindrical symmetry in agreement with the previously suggested concentric multitubular chlorophyll aggregate organization (Ganapathy Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2009, 106, 8525).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Tian
- Chemical Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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22
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Oostergetel GT, van Amerongen H, Boekema EJ. The chlorosome: a prototype for efficient light harvesting in photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2010; 104:245-55. [PMID: 20130996 PMCID: PMC2882566 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-010-9533-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Accepted: 01/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Three phyla of bacteria include phototrophs that contain unique antenna systems, chlorosomes, as the principal light-harvesting apparatus. Chlorosomes are the largest known supramolecular antenna systems and contain hundreds of thousands of BChl c/d/e molecules enclosed by a single membrane leaflet and a baseplate. The BChl pigments are organized via self-assembly and do not require proteins to provide a scaffold for efficient light harvesting. Their excitation energy flows via a small protein, CsmA embedded in the baseplate to the photosynthetic reaction centres. Chlorosomes allow for photosynthesis at very low light intensities by ultra-rapid transfer of excitations to reaction centres and enable organisms with chlorosomes to live at extraordinarily low light intensities under which no other phototrophic organisms can grow. This article reviews several aspects of chlorosomes: the supramolecular and molecular organizations and the light-harvesting and spectroscopic properties. In addition, it provides some novel information about the organization of the baseplate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gert T. Oostergetel
- Biophysical Chemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences & Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Herbert van Amerongen
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8128, 6700 ET Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Egbert J. Boekema
- Biophysical Chemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences & Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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23
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Linearly polarized light absorption spectra of chlorosomes, light-harvesting antennas of photosynthetic green sulfur bacteria. Chem Phys Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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24
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Borisov AY. Can giant chlorosomes be part of the light-harvesting antennae of green bacteria? Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350909030063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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25
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Alternating syn-anti bacteriochlorophylls form concentric helical nanotubes in chlorosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:8525-30. [PMID: 19435848 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0903534106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorosomes are the largest and most efficient light-harvesting antennae found in nature, and they are constructed from hundreds of thousands of self-assembled bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) c, d, or e pigments. Because they form very large and compositionally heterogeneous organelles, they had been the only photosynthetic antenna system for which no detailed structural information was available. In our approach, the structure of a member of the chlorosome class was determined and compared with the wild type (WT) to resolve how the biological light-harvesting function of the chlorosome is established. By constructing a triple mutant, the heterogeneous BChl c pigment composition of chlorosomes of the green sulfur bacteria Chlorobaculum tepidum was simplified to nearly homogeneous BChl d. Computational integration of two different bioimaging techniques, solid-state NMR and cryoEM, revealed an undescribed syn-anti stacking mode and showed how ligated BChl c and d self-assemble into coaxial cylinders to form tubular-shaped elements. A close packing of BChls via pi-pi stacking and helical H-bonding networks present in both the mutant and in the WT forms the basis for ultrafast, long-distance transmission of excitation energy. The structural framework is robust and can accommodate extensive chemical heterogeneity in the BChl side chains for adaptive optimization of the light-harvesting functionality in low-light environments. In addition, syn-anti BChl stacks form sheets that allow for strong exciton overlap in two dimensions enabling triplet exciton formation for efficient photoprotection.
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26
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Huber V, Sengupta S, Würthner F. Structure-Property Relationships for Self-Assembled Zinc Chlorin Light-Harvesting Dye Aggregates. Chemistry 2008; 14:7791-807. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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27
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Linnanto JM, Korppi-Tommola JEI. Investigation on chlorosomal antenna geometries: tube, lamella and spiral-type self-aggregates. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2008; 96:227-245. [PMID: 18443917 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-008-9304-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2007] [Accepted: 04/07/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Molecular mechanics calculations and exciton theory have been used to study pigment organization in chlorosomes of green bacteria. Single and double rod, multiple concentric rod, lamella, and Archimedean spiral macrostructures of bacteriochlorophyll c molecules were created and their spectral properties evaluated. The effects of length, width, diameter, and curvature of the macrostructures as well as orientations of monomeric transition dipole moment vectors on the spectral properties of the aggregates were studied. Calculated absorption, linear dichroism, and polarization dependent fluorescence-excitation spectra of the studied long macrostructures were practically identical, but circular dichroism spectra turned out to be very sensitive to geometry and monomeric transition dipole moment orientations of the aggregates. The simulations for long multiple rod and spiral-type macrostructures, observed in recent high-resolution electron microscopy images (Oostergetel et al., FEBS Lett 581:5435-5439, 2007) gave shapes of circular dichroism spectra observed experimentally for chlorosomes. It was shown that the ratio of total circular dichroism intensity to integrated absorption of the Q(y) transition is a good measure of degree of tubular structures in the chlorosomes. Calculations suggest that the broad Q(y) line width of chlorosomes of sulfur bacteria could be due to (1) different orientations of the transition moment vectors in multi-walled rod structures or (2) a variety of Bchl-aggregate structures in the chlorosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha M Linnanto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
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28
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Kakitani Y, Harada KI, Mizoguchi T, Koyama Y. Isotopic Replacement of Pigments and a Lipid in Chlorosomes fromChlorobium limicola: Characterization of the Resultant Chlorosomes. Biochemistry 2007; 46:6513-24. [PMID: 17497832 DOI: 10.1021/bi602586g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pigments including bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) c, carotenoids, and a trace of BChl a together with a lipid, monogalactosyl diglyceride (MGDG), were extracted with chloroform/methanol (1:1 v/v) from an aqueous suspension (50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0) of chlorosomes from Chlorobium limicola; other lipids and proteins were left behind in the aqueous layer by funnel separation. The chloroform layer was dried by purging N2 gas, dissolved in methanol, and rapidly injected into the aqueous layer to reassemble chlorosomes. This technique has been developed to replace one-half of the inherent 12C-BChl c by 13C-BChl c to identify the intermolecular 13C...13C magnetic dipole correlation peaks (that are supposed to reduce their intensities to one-fourth by reducing the 13C-BChl c concentration into one-half) and to determine the structure of BChl c aggregates in the rod elements by means of solid-state NMR spectroscopy. The isotopically replaced chlorosomes were characterized (1) by sucrose density gradient centrifugation, zeta potential measurement, electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering measurement to determine the morphology of chlorosomes, (2) by 13C NMR spectroscopy, electronic absorption and circular dichroism spectroscopies, and low-angle X-ray diffraction to determine the pigment assembly in the rod elements, and (3) by subpicosecond time-resolved absorption spectroscopy to determine the excited-state dynamics in the pigment assembly. The results characterized the reassembled chlorosomes to have (1) similar but longer morphological structures, (2) almost the same pigment assembly in the rod elements, and (3) basically the same excited-state dynamics in the pigment assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Kakitani
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Gakuen, Sanda 669-1337, Japan
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29
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Saga Y, Matsuura K, Tamiaki H. Spectroscopic Studies on Self-aggregation of Bacteriochlorophyll-e in Nonpolar Organic Solvents: Effects of Stereoisomeric Configuration at the 31-Position and Alkyl Substituents at the 81-Position¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2001)0740072ssosao2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Miyatake T, Tanigawa S, Kato S, Tamiaki H. Aqueous self-aggregates of amphiphilic zinc 31-hydroxy- and 31-methoxy-chlorins for supramolecular light-harvesting systems. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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31
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Didraga C, Knoester J. Optical spectra and localization of excitons in inhomogeneous helical cylindrical aggregates. J Chem Phys 2006; 121:10687-98. [PMID: 15549954 DOI: 10.1063/1.1807825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We study the linear optical properties of helical cylindrical molecular aggregates accounting for the effects of static diagonal disorder. Absorption, linear dichroism, and circular dichroism spectra are presented, calculated using brute force numerical simulations and a modified version of the coherent potential approximation that accounts for finite size effects by using the appropriate open boundary conditions. Excellent agreement between both approaches is found. It is also shown that the inclusion of disorder results in a better agreement between calculated and measured spectra for the chlorosomes of green bacteria as compared to our previous report, where we restricted ourselves to homogeneous cylinders [Didraga, Klugkist, and Knoester, J. Phys. Chem. B 106, 11474 (2002)]. For the excitons that govern the optical response, we also investigate the disorder-induced localization properties. By analyzing an autocorrelation function of the exciton wave function, we find a strongly anisotropic localization behavior, closely following the properties of chiral wave functions which previously have been found for homogenoeus helical cylinders [Didraga and Knoester, J. Chem. Phys. 121, 946 (2004)]. It is shown that the circular dichroism spectrum may still show a strong dependence on the cylinder length, even when the exciton wave function is localized in a region small compared to the cylinder's size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cătălin Didraga
- Institute for Theoretical Physics and Materials Science Centre, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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32
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Self-aggregates of bacteriochlorophylls-c, d and e in a light-harvesting antenna system of green photosynthetic bacteria: Effect of stereochemistry at the chiral 3-(1-hydroxyethyl) group on the supramolecular arrangement of chlorophyllous pigments. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2005.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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33
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Huber V, Katterle M, Lysetska M, Würthner F. Reversible Selbstorganisation semisynthetischer Zinkchlorine zu definierten Stabantennen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200462762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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34
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Huber V, Katterle M, Lysetska M, Würthner F. Reversible Self-Organization of Semisynthetic Zinc Chlorins into Well-Defined Rod Antennae. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:3147-51. [PMID: 15844109 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200462762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Huber
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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35
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Prokhorenko VI, Steensgaard DB, Holzwarth AR. Exciton theory for supramolecular chlorosomal aggregates: 1. Aggregate size dependence of the linear spectra. Biophys J 2004; 85:3173-86. [PMID: 14581217 PMCID: PMC1303593 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(03)74735-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The interior of chlorosomes of green bacteria forms an unusual antenna system organized without proteins. The steady-spectra (absorption, circular dichroism, and linear dichroism) have been modeled using the Frenkel Hamiltonian for the large tubular aggregates of bacteriochlorophylls with geometries corresponding to those proposed for Chloroflexus aurantiacus and Chlorobium tepidum chlorosomes. For the Cf. aurantiacus aggregates we apply a structure used previously (V. I. Prokhorenko., D. B. Steensgaard, and A. R. Holzwarth, Biophys: J. 2000, 79:2105-2120), whereas for the Cb. tepidum aggregates a new extended model of double-tube aggregates, based on recently published solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance studies (B.-J. van Rossum, B. Y. van Duhl, D. B. Steensgaard, T. S. Balaban, A. R. Holzwarth, K. Schaffner, and H. J. M. de Groot, Biochemistry 2001, 40:1587-1595), is developed. We find that the circular dichroism spectra depend strongly on the aggregate length for both types of chlorosomes. Their shape changes from "type-II" (negative at short wavelengths to positive at long wavelengths) to the "mixed-type" (negative-positive-negative) in the nomenclature proposed in K. Griebenow, A. R. Holzwarth, F. van Mourik, and R. van Grondelle, Biochim: Biophys. Acta 1991, 1058:194-202, for an aggregate length of 30-40 bacteriochlorophyll molecules per stack. This "size effect" on the circular dichroism spectra is caused by appearance of macroscopic chirality due to circular distribution of the transition dipole moment of the monomers. We visualize these distributions, and also the corresponding Frenkel excitons, using a novel presentation technique. The observed size effects provide a key to explain many previously puzzling and seemingly contradictory experimental data in the literature on the circular and linear dichroism spectra of seemingly identical types of chlorosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V I Prokhorenko
- Max-Planck Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, Postfach 10 13 65, 45413 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
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36
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Psencík J, Ma YZ, Arellano JB, Hála J, Gillbro T. Excitation energy transfer dynamics and excited-state structure in chlorosomes of Chlorobium phaeobacteroides. Biophys J 2003; 84:1161-79. [PMID: 12547796 PMCID: PMC1302692 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(03)74931-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The excited-state relaxation within bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) e and a in chlorosomes of Chlorobium phaeobacteroides has been studied by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy at room temperature. Singlet-singlet annihilation was observed to strongly influence both the isotropic and anisotropic decays. Pump intensities in the order of 10(11) photons x pulse(-1) x cm(-2) were required to obtain annihilation-free conditions. The most important consequence of applied very low excitation doses is an observation of a subpicosecond process within the BChl e manifold (approximately 200-500 fs), manifesting itself as a rise in the red part of the Q(y) absorption band of the BChl e aggregates. The subsequent decay of the kinetics measured in the BChl e region and the corresponding rise in the baseplate BChl a is not single-exponential, and at least two components are necessary to fit the data, corresponding to several BChl e-->BChl a transfer steps. Under annihilation-free conditions, the anisotropic kinetics show a generally slow decay within the BChl e band (10-20 ps) whereas it decays more rapidly in the BChl a region ( approximately 1 ps). Analysis of the experimental data gives a detailed picture of the overall time evolution of the energy relaxation and energy transfer processes within the chlorosome. The results are interpreted within an exciton model based on the proposed structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Psencík
- Department of Chemistry, Biophysical Chemistry, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
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37
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Blankenship RE, Matsuura K. Antenna Complexes from Green Photosynthetic Bacteria. LIGHT-HARVESTING ANTENNAS IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-2087-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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38
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Miyatake T, Tamiaki H, Shinoda H, Fujiwara M, Matsushita T. Synthesis and self-assembly of amphiphilic zinc chlorins possessing a 31-hydroxy group. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)01328-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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39
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Didraga C, Klugkist JA, Knoester J. Optical Properties of Helical Cylindrical Molecular Aggregates: The Homogeneous Limit. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp026217s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cǎtǎlin Didraga
- Institute for Theoretical Physics and Materials Science Centre, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands, and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Joost A. Klugkist
- Institute for Theoretical Physics and Materials Science Centre, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands, and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Jasper Knoester
- Institute for Theoretical Physics and Materials Science Centre, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands, and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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40
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Saga Y, Matsuura K, Tamiaki H. Spectroscopic studies on self-aggregation of bacteriochlorophyll-e in nonpolar organic solvents: effects of stereoisomeric configuration at the 3(1)-position and alkyl substituents at the 8(1)-position. Photochem Photobiol 2001; 74:72-80. [PMID: 11460540 DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2001)074<0072:ssosao>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Self-aggregation of naturally occurring bacteriochlorophyll (BChl)-e in nonpolar organic solvents was investigated by visible absorption, fluorescence emission and circular dichroism spectra. Cultured brown-colored photosynthetic bacteria have several BChl-e as light-harvesting antenna pigments. Three major BChl-e homologs were separated from the extracts of the culture by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and characterized by 1H-NMR and fast-atom bombardment mass spectroscopy: 8-ethyl-12-ethyl ([E,E])-, 8-propyl-12-ethyl- and 8-isobutyl-12-ethyl-BChl-e farnesyl esters. All the homologs consisted of a mixture of the 3(1)-epimers, and epimerically pure BChl-e were also given by HPLC separation. All the separated BChl-e epimers, the epimeric mixtures and the homologous mixtures formed self-aggregates in 2% dichloromethane/hexane, giving visible absorption spectra similar to that of the whole cells, which showed two peaks (or shoulders) around 430-450 and 520 nm at the Soret region as well as a red-shifted Qy band relative to the monomeric. The spectral properties of the Soret band were basically unchanged among the epimers or epimeric/homologous mixtures. In contrast, the Qy band of aggregates of epimeric mixtures (except [E,E]) and homologous mixtures red-shifted and broadened compared with the epimerically pure. The red-shift and broadening of the Qy band are advantageous for efficient energy transfer from BChl-e aggregates to BChl-a in a baseplate in chlorosomes because their spectral overlap increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Saga
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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41
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Abstract
Zinc analogues of bacteriochlorophylls c and d self-assembled in aqueous media with phospholipids. A methanol solution of zinc chlorin and alpha-lecithin was put in a cellulose tube and the inner methanol solvent was gradually replaced with water by dialysis to form the self-assembled oligomers. Visible absorption spectra of the aqueous solution showed that zinc chlorins formed J-aggregates within the hydrophobic core of alpha-lecithin assemblies and that the supramolecular structure of the aggregates depended upon the stereochemistry at the 3(1)-position and the alkyl substituents at the 8-, 12-, and 17(4)-positions of the zinc chlorin. When the aqueous aggregates were prepared with a mixture of 3(1)-epimers and/or 8-, 12-, or 17(4)-homologues of zinc 3(1)-hydroxy-13(1)-oxochlorins, the structurally distinct components coaggregated to make scrambled oligomers. However, during the dialysis, zinc 3(1)-hydroxy- and 7(1)-hydroxy-13(1)-oxochlorins slowly individually aggregated to give two structurally different oligomer units in the cellulose tube. In contrast, if the two zinc chlorin components rapidly self-assembled in an aqueous medium, these components coaggregated to form scrambled oligomers. The present study shows that both the molecular structure of the pigments and the speed of the oligomerization determine the molecular arrangement in chlorosome-type self-assembled oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Miyatake
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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42
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Novoderezhkin V, Taisova A, Fetisova ZG. Unit building block of the oligomeric chlorosomal antenna of the green photosynthetic bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus: modeling of nonlinear optical spectra. Chem Phys Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(01)00045-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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43
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Prokhorenko VI, Steensgaard DB, Holzwarth AR. Exciton dynamics in the chlorosomal antennae of the green bacteria Chloroflexus aurantiacus and Chlorobium tepidum. Biophys J 2000; 79:2105-20. [PMID: 11023914 PMCID: PMC1301100 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(00)76458-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The energy transfer processes in isolated chlorosomes from green bacteria Chlorobium tepidum and Chloroflexus aurantiacus have been studied at low temperatures (1.27 K) by two-pulse photon echo and one-color transient absorption techniques with approximately 100 fs resolution. The decay of the coherence in both types of chlorosomes is characterized by four different dephasing times stretching from approximately 100 fs up to 300 ps. The fastest component reflects dephasing that is due to interaction of bacteriochlorophylls with the phonon bath, whereas the other components correspond to dephasing due to different energy transfer processes such as distribution of excitation along the rod-like aggregates, energy exchange between different rods in the chlorosome, and energy transfer to the base plate. As a basis for the interpretation of the excitation dephasing and energy transfer pathways, a superlattice-like structural model is proposed based on recent experimental data and computer modeling of the Bchl c aggregates (1994. Photosynth. Res. 41:225-233.) This model predicts a fine structure of the Q(y) absorption band that is fully supported by the present photon echo data.
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Affiliation(s)
- V I Prokhorenko
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, D-45413, Mülheim a.d. Ruhr, Germany
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Steensgaard DB, van Walree CA, Permentier H, Bañeras L, Borrego CM, Garcia-Gil J, Aartsma TJ, Amesz J, Holzwarth AR. Fast energy transfer between BChl d and BChl c in chlorosomes of the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium limicola. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2000; 1457:71-80. [PMID: 10692551 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(99)00112-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We have studied energy transfer in chlorosomes of Chlorobium limicola UdG6040 containing a mixture of about 50% bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) c and BChl d each. BChl d-depleted chlorosomes were obtained by acid treatment. The energy transfer between the different pigment pools was studied using both steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy at room temperature and low temperature. The steady-state emission of the intact chlorosome originated mainly from BChl c, as judged by comparison of fluorescence emission spectra of intact and BChl d-depleted chlorosomes. This indicated that efficient energy transfer from BChl d to BChl c takes place. At room temperature BChl c/d to BChl a excitation energy transfer (EET) was characterized by two components of 27 and 74 ps. At low temperature we could also observe EET from BChl d to BChl c with a time constant of approximately 4 ps. Kinetic modeling of the low temperature data indicated heterogeneous fluorescence kinetics and suggested the presence of an additional BChl c pool, E790, which is more or less decoupled from the baseplate BChl a. This E790 pool is either a low-lying exciton state of BChl c which acts as a trap at low temperature or alternatively represents the red edge of a broad inhomogeneous absorption band of BChl c. We present a refined model for the organization of the spatially separated pigment pools in chlorosomes of Cb. limicola UdG6040 in which BChl d is situated distal and BChl c proximal with respect to the baseplate.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Steensgaard
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Stiftstrasse 34-36, D-45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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Wang ZY, Umetsu M, Kobayashi M, Nozawa T. Complete Assignment of 1H NMR Spectra and Structural Analysis of Intact Bacteriochlorophyll c Dimer in Solution. J Phys Chem B 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp984483t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Yu Wang
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Center for Interdisciplinary Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Umetsu
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Center for Interdisciplinary Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kobayashi
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Center for Interdisciplinary Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Tsunenori Nozawa
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Center for Interdisciplinary Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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Umetsu M, Wang ZY, Kobayashi M, Nozawa T. Interaction of photosynthetic pigments with various organic solvents. Magnetic circular dichroism approach and application to chlorosomes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1999; 1410:19-31. [PMID: 10076012 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(98)00170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) and absorption spectra have been measured on three intact photosynthetic pigments with the chlorin ring as macrocycle: chlorophyll a, bacteriochlorophyll c and d, in various hydrophilic organic solvents. The MCD intensity of a Qy(0-0) transition for the Mg chlorin derivative was sensitive to the coordination state of the central Mg atom by the solvent molecules. The coordination number has been characterized in terms of the relationship between the ratio of Qy(0-0) MCD intensity to its dipole strength (B/D) and the difference in energies of Qx(0-0) and Qy(0-0) transitions. This relationship depends not only on the coordination number of the magnesium (Mg) atom but also on the coordination interaction of the solvent molecules to the Mg atom, and can clarify the spectroscopic change of chlorosomes by alcohol treatment. We propose that the correlation between the MCD intensity of Qy(0-0) transition and the energy difference can be used as a new measure for determining the coordination number of the Mg atom and for estimating the interaction strength of the Mg atom with solvent molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Umetsu
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aobayama 07, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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Tamiaki H, Takeuchi S, Tsudzuki S, Miyatake T, Tanikaga R. Self-aggregation of synthetic zinc chlorins with a chiral 1-hydroxyethyl group as a model for in vivo epimeric bacteriochlorophyll-c and d aggregates. Tetrahedron 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(98)00338-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Tamiaki H, Miyata S, Kureishi Y, Tanikaga R. Aggregation of synthetic zinc chlorins with several esterified alkyl chains as models of bacteriochlorophyll-c homologs. Tetrahedron 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(96)00740-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Oksanen JAI, Helenius VM, Hynninen PH, Amerongen HV, Korppi-Tommola JEI, Grondelle RV. Circular and Linear Dichroism of Aggregates of Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b in 3-Methylpentane and Paraffin Oil. Photochem Photobiol 1996. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1996.tb02471.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Buck DR, Struve WS. Tubular exciton models for BChl c antennae in chlorosomes from green photosynthetic bacteria. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1996; 48:367-377. [PMID: 24271477 DOI: 10.1007/bf00029469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/1995] [Accepted: 03/04/1996] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Exciton calculations on tubular pigment aggregates similar to recently proposed models for BChl c/d/e antennae in light-harvesting chlorosomes from green photosynthetic bacteria yield electronic absorption spectra that are super-impositions of linear J-aggregate spectra. While the electronic spectroscopy of such antennae differs considerably from that of linear J-aggregates, tubular exciton models (which may be viewed as cross-coupled J-aggregates) may be constructed to yield spectra that resemble that of the BChl c antenna in the green bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus. Highly symmetric tubular models yield absorption spectra with dipole strength distributions essentially identical to that of a J-aggregate; strong symmetry-breaking is needed to simulate the absorption spectrum of the BChl c antenna.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Buck
- Ames Laboratory-USDOE, Iowa State University, 50011, Ames, IA, USA
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