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Hock N, Racaniello GF, Aspinall S, Denora N, Khutoryanskiy VV, Bernkop‐Schnürch A. Thiolated Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications: Mimicking the Workhorses of Our Body. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2102451. [PMID: 34773391 PMCID: PMC8728822 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Advances in nanotechnology have generated a broad range of nanoparticles (NPs) for numerous biomedical applications. Among the various properties of NPs are functionalities being related to thiol substructures. Numerous biological processes that are mediated by cysteine or cystine subunits of proteins representing the workhorses of the bodies can be transferred to NPs. This review focuses on the interface between thiol chemistry and NPs. Pros and cons of different techniques for thiolation of NPs are discussed. Furthermore, the various functionalities gained by thiolation are highlighted. These include overall bio- and mucoadhesive, cellular uptake enhancing, and permeation enhancing properties. Drugs being either covalently attached to thiolated NPs via disulfide bonds or being entrapped in thiolated polymeric NPs that are stabilized via inter- and intrachain crosslinking can be released at the diseased tissue or in target cells under reducing conditions. Moreover, drugs, targeting ligands, biological analytes, and enzymes bearing thiol substructures can be immobilized on noble metal NPs and quantum dots for therapeutic, theranostic, diagnostic, biosensing, and analytical reasons. Within this review a concise summary and analysis of the current knowledge, future directions, and potential clinical use of thiolated NPs are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Hock
- Thiomatrix Forschungs und Beratungs GmbHTrientlgasse 65Innsbruck6020Austria
| | | | - Sam Aspinall
- Reading School of PharmacyUniversity of ReadingWhiteknights PO Box 224, Room 122 (Chemistry and Pharmacy Building)ReadingRG66DXUK
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Department of Pharmacy – Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Bari “Aldo Moro”Bari70125Italy
| | - Vitaliy V. Khutoryanskiy
- Reading School of PharmacyUniversity of ReadingWhiteknights PO Box 224, Room 122 (Chemistry and Pharmacy Building)ReadingRG66DXUK
| | - Andreas Bernkop‐Schnürch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of PharmacyUniversity of InnsbruckInnrain 80/82Innsbruck6020Austria
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Recent Advances in the Use of Lipid-Based Nanoparticles Against Glioblastoma Multiforme. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2021; 69:8. [PMID: 33772646 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-021-00609-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor in adults. Although the overall incidence is less than 10 per 100,000 individuals, its poor prognosis and low survival rate make GBM a crucial public health issue. The main challenges for GBM treatment are related to tumor location and its complex and heterogeneous biology. In this sense, a broad range of nanoparticles with different sizes, architectures, and surface properties, have been engineered as brain drug delivery systems. Among them, lipid-based nanoparticles, such as liposomes, have been pointed out as promising materials to deliver antitumoral drugs to the central nervous system and thus, to improve brain drug targeting and therapeutic efficiency. Here, we describe the synthesis and general characteristics of lipid-based nanoparticles, as well as evidence in the past 5 years regarding their potential use to treat GBM.
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Sandeep D, AlSawaftah NM, Husseini GA. Immunoliposomes: Synthesis, Structure, and their Potential as Drug Delivery Carriers. CURRENT CANCER THERAPY REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573394716666200227095521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Immunoliposomes have emerged as attractive drug targeting vehicles for cancer treatment.
This review presents the recent advances in the design of immunoliposomes encapsulating a
variety of chemotherapeutic agents. We provided an overview of different routes that can be used
to conjugate antibodies to the surfaces of liposomes, as well as several examples of stimuliresponsive
immunoliposome systems and their therapeutic potential for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sandeep
- Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nour M. AlSawaftah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ghaleb A. Husseini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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4
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Kobayashi Y, Taneichi S, Kawakami H, Negishi Y, Asayama S. Plasmid DNA Mono-Ion Complex for in Vivo Sustainable Gene Expression. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:11464-11471. [PMID: 31460251 PMCID: PMC6681980 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To cleave biocompatible poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) from the mono-ion complex (MIC) for sustainable cellular uptake in vivo, ω-amide-pentylimidazolium end-modified PEG with an ester bond, that is, APe-Im-E-PEG, has been synthesized. The hydrolysis of the resulting APe-Im-E-PEG proceeded during the incubation for 2 weeks under physiological conditions, which was confirmed by gel filtration chromatography. APe-Im-E-PEG formed the MIC with plasmid DNA (pDNA), assessed by agarose gel retardation assay. Furthermore, dynamic light scattering measurement and transmission electron microscopy observations have estimated that the particle size of the resulting MIC was approximately 30 nm, with a rather flexible structure. The APe-Im-E-PEG/pDNA MIC incubated for 2 weeks exhibited hemolytic activity at endosomal pH, presumably because the pH-sensitive carboxyl groups revealed after the hydrolysis of an ester bond of APe-Im-E-PEG. The APe-Im-E-PEG/pDNA MIC enhanced the gene expression 2 weeks after transfection in vivo by intramuscular administration in mice. Consequently, in vivo sustainable gene expression has been achieved by the molecular design of APe-Im-E-PEG for cellular uptake and endosomal escape proceeded by temporal hydrolysis of the ester bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kobayashi
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan
University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Sakura Taneichi
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan
University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Kawakami
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan
University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yoichi Negishi
- Department
of Drug Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Asayama
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan
University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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5
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Nandedkar-Kulkarni N, Vartak AR, Sucheck SJ, Wall KA, Quinn A, Morran MP, McInerney MF. Development of a Bioconjugate Platform for Modifying the Immune Response of Autoreactive Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Involved in Type 1 Diabetes. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:2049-2059. [PMID: 31274300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by autoimmune cell mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells. Pancreatic beta cells are the only source of insulin in the body. T1D patients then have to depend on insulin injections for their lifetime. Insulin injection can modulate the blood sugar levels, but insulin has little effect on the autoimmune process. Altered peptide ligands (APL) derived from known autoantigens in T1D are able to induce tolerance in autoreactive cells in T1D animal models, but are currently unable to elicit this protection in humans. There is a need to improve immunogenicity of the APLs, as these short peptides can be easily degraded by enzymes in the blood. GAD546-554 is a dominant epitope recognized by autoreactive T cells in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model that can cause destruction of beta cells. Alanine substitution at the eighth position of GAD546-554 peptide (APL9) induced tolerance in a GAD546-554 specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte clone. To improve the antigen presentation and endosomal escape of APL9, we developed a bioconjugate platform that consists of a liposome containing a bioconjugate of APL9 and toll-like receptor 2 ligand Pam3CysSK4 as well as an antibody against macrophage protein F4/80. APL9 bioconjugate liposome with F4/80 antibody was able to induce tolerance in a GAD 546-554 specific clone. Diabetic NOD splenocytes pretreated with APL9 bioconjugate were also not able to transfer diabetes into prediabetic NOD recipient mice. This work is beneficial to prevent T1D as an immunotherapy strategy to render autoreactive immune cells more tolerant of beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Nandedkar-Kulkarni
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry , University of Toledo, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Campus , 3000 Arlington Avenue , Toledo , Ohio 43614 , United States
| | - Abhishek R Vartak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Toledo, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics , Main Campus, 2801 West Bancroft Street , Toledo , Ohio 43606 , United States
| | - Steven J Sucheck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Toledo, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics , Main Campus, 2801 West Bancroft Street , Toledo , Ohio 43606 , United States
| | - Katherine A Wall
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry , University of Toledo, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Campus , 3000 Arlington Avenue , Toledo , Ohio 43614 , United States
| | - Anthony Quinn
- Department of Biological Sciences , University of Toledo, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics , Main Campus, 2801 West Bancroft Street , Toledo , Ohio 43606 , United States
| | - Michael P Morran
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry , University of Toledo, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Campus , 3000 Arlington Avenue , Toledo , Ohio 43614 , United States
| | - Marcia F McInerney
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry , University of Toledo, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Campus , 3000 Arlington Avenue , Toledo , Ohio 43614 , United States.,Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research , University of Toledo, Health Science Campus , 3000 Arlington Avenue , Toledo , Ohio 43614 , United States
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Fang Y, Xue J, Gao S, Lu A, Yang D, Jiang H, He Y, Shi K. Cleavable PEGylation: a strategy for overcoming the "PEG dilemma" in efficient drug delivery. Drug Deliv 2018; 24:22-32. [PMID: 29069920 PMCID: PMC8812578 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1388451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
To prolong the circulation time of drug, PEGylation has been widely used via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, thereby providing new hope for better treatment. However, PEGylation also brings the "PEG dilemma", which is difficult for the cellular absorption of drugs and subsequent endosomal escape. As a result, the activity of drugs is inevitably lost after PEG modification. To achieve successful drug delivery for effective treatment, the crucial issue associated with the use of PEG-lipids, that is, “PEG dilemma” must be addressed. In this paper, we introduced the development and application of nanocarriers with cleavable PEGylation, and discussed various strategies for overcoming the PEG dilemma. Compared to the traditional ones, the vehicle systems with different environmental-sensitive PEG-lipids were discussed, which cleavage can be achieved in response to the intracellular as well as the tumor microenvironment. This smart cleavable PEGylation provides us an efficient strategy to overcome “PEG dilemma”, thereby may be a good candidate for the cancer treatment in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Fang
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Jianxiu Xue
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Shan Gao
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Anqi Lu
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Dongjuan Yang
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Hong Jiang
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Yang He
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Kai Shi
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
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Effect of TLR ligands co-encapsulated with multiepitopic antigen in nanoliposomes targeted to human DCs via Fc receptor for cancer vaccines. Immunobiology 2017. [PMID: 28624137 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanoliposomes (NLs) hold promise as new highly specific nanomedicine for anti-tumor vaccines, since they could be targeted to specific receptors on dendritic cell (DC) to induce maturation and activation and increase the anti-tumor immune response. Here we studied a NLs formulation targeted or not to FcR (the receptor for the IgG Fc fragment) for the treatment of androgen-responsive prostate cancer. Luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) peptide (B- and T-cell epitopes), in tandem with a tetanus toxoid T-helper epitope (830-844 region) and several TLR (Toll-Like Receptor) ligands as adjuvants were co-encapsulated. Specific uptake in vitro of LHRH-TT liposomes targeted to the FcRs of human DCs was enhanced. DC maturation/activation, cytokine production and lymphocyte activation were consistently higher in targeted than non-targeted liposomes. Similar increase was observed as more adjuvants were administrated. Targeting to specific receptor and co-encapsulation of several TLR adjuvants are essential factors for the immune response in peptide based liposome vaccine.
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Tila D, Ghasemi S, Yazdani-Arazi SN, Ghanbarzadeh S. Functional liposomes in the cancer-targeted drug delivery. J Biomater Appl 2015; 30:3-16. [PMID: 25823898 DOI: 10.1177/0885328215578111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is considered as one of the most severe health problems and is currently the third most common cause of death in the world after heart and infectious diseases. Novel therapies are constantly being discovered, developed and trialed. Many of the current anticancer agents exhibit non-ideal pharmaceutical and pharmacological properties and are distributed non-specifically throughout the body. This results in death of the both normal healthy and malignant cells and substantially leads to accruing a variety of serious toxic side effects. Therefore, the efficient systemic therapy of cancer is almost impossible due to harmful side effects of anticancer agents to the healthy organs and tissues. Furthermore, several problems such as low bioavailability of the drugs, low drug concentrations at the site of action, lack of drug specificity and drug-resistance also cause many restrictions on clinical applications of these drugs in the tumor therapy. Different types of the liposomal formulations have been used in medicine due to their distinctive advantages associated with their structural flexibility in the encapsulation of various agents with different physicochemical properties. They can also mediate delivery of the cargo to the appropriate cell type and subcellular compartment, reducing the effective dosage and possible side effects which are related to high systemic concentrations. Therefore, these novel systems were found very promising and encouraging dosage forms for the treatment of different types of cancer by increasing efficiency and reducing the systemic toxicity due to the specific drug delivery and targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dena Tila
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Ghasemi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Saeed Ghanbarzadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Wong BCK, Zhang H, Qin L, Chen H, Fang C, Lu A, Yang Z. Carbonic anhydrase IX-directed immunoliposomes for targeted drug delivery to human lung cancer cells in vitro. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2014; 8:993-1001. [PMID: 25092965 PMCID: PMC4113570 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s63235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Targeted drug delivery to cancer cells by use of antibody-conjugated liposomes (immunoliposomes) has attracted considerable interest in recent years. Despite increasing efforts in developing immunoliposomes as drug carriers, the investigation of useful tumor-associated antigen targets is far from complete. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is a cell surface antigen characterized by hypoxia-induced expression in many solid tumors. This study investigated the feasibility of CA IX-directed immunoliposomes for targeted delivery of docetaxel to human lung cancer cells in vitro. Docetaxel-loaded immunoliposomes targeting CA IX were developed with an encapsulation efficiency of 84.4±3.9% and an average particle size of 143.9±11.1 nm. Using fluorescence-based flow cytometry, the in vitro binding activity of the immunoliposomes was found to be significantly higher (by 1.65-fold) than that of the nontargeted liposomes in CA IX-positive lung cancer cells, whereas no such difference was observed between the two groups when CA IX was not expressed. Furthermore, immunoliposomal docetaxel exhibited the strongest growth inhibitory effect against CA IX-positive lung cancer cells when compared with nontargeted liposomal docetaxel or free docetaxel solution. These data suggested that CA IX-directed immunoliposomes could serve as a promising drug delivery system for targeted killing of lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blenda Chi Kwan Wong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Hongqi Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Hubiao Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Chen Fang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Aiping Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Zhijun Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Cruz LJ, Rueda F, Simón L, Cordobilla B, Albericio F, Domingo JC. Liposomes containing NY-ESO-1/tetanus toxoid and adjuvant peptides targeted to human dendritic cells via the Fc receptor for cancer vaccines. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 9:435-49. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To improve the immunological response against tumors, a vaccine based on nanoliposomes targeted to the Fcγ-receptor was developed to enhance the immunogenicity of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). Materials & methods: Using human dendritic cells in vitro, a fragment of the TAA NY-ESO-1 combined with a T-helper peptide from the tetanus toxoid encapsulated in nanoliposomes was evaluated. In addition, peptides Palm-IL-1 and MAP-IFN-γwere coadministered as adjuvants to enhance the immunological response. Results: Coadministration of Palm-IL-1 or MAP-IFN-γpeptide adjuvants and the hybrid NY-ESO-1-tetanus toxoid (soluble or encapsulated in nanoliposomes without targeting) increased immunogenicity. However, the most potent immunological response was obtained when the peptide adjuvants were encapsulated in liposomes targeted to human dendritic cells via the Fc receptor. Conclusion: This targeted vaccine strategy is a promising tool to activate and deliver antigens to dendritic cells, thus improving immunotherapeutic response in situations in which the immune system is frequently compromised, as in advanced cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis J Cruz
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Felix Rueda
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorena Simón
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Begoña Cordobilla
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Albericio
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Marti i Franques 1, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
- School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, Kwa-Zulu Natal, 4000, South Africa
| | - Joan C Domingo
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Antibodies are one of the most commonly used targeting ligands for nanocarriers, mainly because they are specific, have a strong binding affinity, and are available for a number of disease biomarkers. The bioconjugation chemistry can be a crucial factor in determining the targeting efficiency of drug delivery and should be chosen on a case-by-case basis. An antibody consists of a number of functional groups which offer many flexible options for bioconjugation. This chapter focuses on discussing some of the approaches including periodate oxidation, carbodiimide, maleimide, and heterofunctional linkers, for conjugating antibodies to different nanocarriers. The advantages and limitations are described herein. Specific examples are selected to demonstrate the experimental procedures and to illustrate the potential for applying to other nanocarrier system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Wagh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nursing and Allied Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
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Yue-Jian C, Juan T, Fei X, Jia-Bi Z, Ning G, Yi-Hua Z, Ye D, Liang G. Synthesis, self-assembly, and characterization of PEG-coated iron oxide nanoparticles as potential MRI contrast agent. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2011; 36:1235-44. [PMID: 20818962 DOI: 10.3109/03639041003710151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM Investigated the self-assembly and characterization of novel antifouling polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated iron oxide nanoparticles as nanoprobes for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent. METHOD Monodisperse oleic acid-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide cores are synthesized by thermal decomposition of iron oleate. The self-assembly behavior between iron oxide cores and PEG-lipid conjugates in water and their characteristics are confirmed by transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer. RESULT Dynamic light scattering shows superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles coated with PEG are stable in water for pH of 3-10 and ionic strengths up to 0.3 M NaCl, and are protein resistant in physiological conditions. Additionally, in vitro MRI study demonstrates the efficient magnetic resonance imaging contrast characteristics of the iron oxide nanoparticles. CONCLUSION The result indicates that the novel antifouling PEG-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles could potentially be used in a wide range of applications such as biotechnology, MRI, and magnetic fluid hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yue-Jian
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
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Cruz LJ, Rueda F, Cordobilla B, Simón L, Hosta L, Albericio F, Domingo JC. Targeting Nanosystems to Human DCs via Fc Receptor as an Effective Strategy to Deliver Antigen for Immunotherapy. Mol Pharm 2010; 8:104-16. [DOI: 10.1021/mp100178k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis J. Cruz
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Josep Samitier 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Josep Samitier 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Marti i Franques 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Felix Rueda
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Josep Samitier 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Josep Samitier 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Marti i Franques 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Begoña Cordobilla
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Josep Samitier 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Josep Samitier 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Marti i Franques 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorena Simón
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Josep Samitier 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Josep Samitier 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Marti i Franques 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leticia Hosta
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Josep Samitier 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Josep Samitier 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Marti i Franques 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Albericio
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Josep Samitier 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Josep Samitier 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Marti i Franques 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Carles Domingo
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Josep Samitier 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Josep Samitier 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Marti i Franques 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Sun M, Wang Y, Shen J, Xiao Y, Su Z, Ping Q. Octreotide-modification enhances the delivery and targeting of doxorubicin-loaded liposomes to somatostatin receptors expressing tumor in vitro and in vivo. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 21:475101. [PMID: 21030757 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/47/475101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Octreotide is believed to be the ligand of somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) which are widely used in tumor diagnosis and clinical therapy. In the present work, a new targeting conjugate, octreotide-polyethylene glycol-phosphatidylethanolamine (Oct-PEG-PE), was developed for the assembling of liposome, and the effect of octreotide-modification on the enhancement of the delivery and targeting of doxorubicin-loaded liposomes was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Oct-PEG-PE was synthesized by a three-step reaction involving two derivative intermediate formations of bis (p-nitrophenyl carbonate)-PEG ((pNP)(2)-PEG) and pNP-PEG-PE. The Oct-modified and unmodified liposomes (DOX-OL and DOX-CL) were prepared by the ammonium sulfate gradient method. Both drug uptake assay and cell apoptosis assay suggested that DOX-OL noticeably increased the uptake of DOX in SMMC-7721 cells and showed a more significant cytotoxicity, compared with DOX-CL. The effect of DOX-OL was remarkably inhibited by free octreotide. In contrast, no significant difference in drug cytotoxicity was found between DOX-OL and DOX-CL in CHO cells without obvious expression of SSTRs. The study of ex vivo fluorescence tissues imaging of BALB/c mice and in vivo tissue distribution of B16 tumor-bearing mice indicated that DOX-OL caused remarkable accumulation of DOX in melanoma tumors and the pancreas, in which the SSTRs are highly expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Sun
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Garnier B, Bouter A, Gounou C, Petry KG, Brisson AR. Annexin A5-functionalized liposomes for targeting phosphatidylserine-exposing membranes. Bioconjug Chem 2010; 20:2114-22. [PMID: 19835411 DOI: 10.1021/bc9002579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Long-circulating liposomes functionalized with cell-targeting elements and loaded with bioactive compounds present high interest as drug delivery nanosystems. We present here the synthesis and physicochemical characterization of liposomes containing PEGylated lipids covalently linked to oriented Annexin-A5 (Anx5) proteins, and we show that Anx5-functionalized liposomes are able to target phosphatidylserine (PS)-exposing membranes. The covalent coupling of Anx5 to liposomes is almost quantitative, which is mainly due to the high accessibility of the reacting groups. The influence of Anx5 functionalization on liposome aggregation was investigated by dynamic light scattering, showing that Anx5-functionalized liposomes are stable below a threshold density of 250 Anx5 molecules per liposome. Anx5-functionalized liposomes bind PS-containing membranes with very high efficacy, which is mainly due to the controlled orientation of the Anx5 at the liposome surface. A striking result, obtained by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring, is that one single Anx5 molecule is able to anchor a liposome to a PS-containing supported membrane. Finally, we show by fluorescence microscopy that Anx5-functionalized liposomes bind PS-exposing apoptotic K562 cells with high specificity. This study demonstrates that Anx5-functionalized liposomes bind specifically to PS membranes and are thus potential candidates to deliver drug or imaging agents to sites of apoptosis or thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Garnier
- Molecular Imaging and NanoBioTechnology, IECB, UMR-5248 CBMN CNRS-University Bordeaux1-ENITAB, Avenue des Facultes, F-33402 Talence, France
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16
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Masking and triggered unmasking of targeting ligands on nanocarriers to improve drug delivery to brain tumors. Biomaterials 2009; 30:3986-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2009] [Accepted: 04/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Synthesis and application of poly(ethylene glycol)–cholesterol (Chol–PEGm) conjugates in physicochemical characterization of nonionic surfactant vesicles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2008; 63:192-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2007.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2007] [Revised: 11/27/2007] [Accepted: 11/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Béduneau A, Saulnier P, Benoit JP. Active targeting of brain tumors using nanocarriers. Biomaterials 2007; 28:4947-67. [PMID: 17716726 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2007] [Accepted: 06/06/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The delivery of drugs to brain tumors is limited by the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) separating the blood from the cerebral parenchyma. An understanding of the specific mechanisms of the brain capillary endothelium has led to the development of various strategies to enhance the penetration of drugs into the brain tissue. Active targeting is a non-invasive approach, which consists in transporting drugs to target organs using site-specific ligands. Drug-loaded nanocarriers capable of recognizing brain capillary endothelial cells and cerebral tumoral cells have shown promising potential in oncology. Endogenous and chimeric ligands binding to carriers or receptors of the BBB have been directly or indirectly conjugated to nanocarriers. This review indexes the main targeted colloidal systems used for drug delivery to the brain. Their pharmacological behavior and their therapeutic effect are discussed.
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Maeda T, Fujimoto K. A reduction-triggered delivery by a liposomal carrier possessing membrane-permeable ligands and a detachable coating. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2006; 49:15-21. [PMID: 16574385 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2006.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2005] [Revised: 02/09/2006] [Accepted: 02/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To control the cellular uptake of drugs and genes, we synthesized a liposomal carrier possessing membrane-permeable ligands and a detachable poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) coating. For the detachable coating, a lipid having a thiolytic cleavable spacer (PEG-S-S-DOPE) was synthesized by the reaction of dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) with a PEG chain via a disulfide linkage. The liposomes were prepared from a mixture of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), DOPE, PEG-S-S-DOPE, and cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHEMS). The octamer (R8 peptide) of arginine was chosen as the membrane-permeable ligand and covalently immobilized onto the CHEMS portion of the liposome surface (PEG-S-S-R8-liposome). The disulfide bond of the PEG chain was cleaved to display the R8 peptides on the liposome surface by adding a reducing agent such as L-cysteine, and thereby internalization of the liposomes was significantly facilitated. When L-cysteine was added to the mixture of cells and the liposome that incorporated plasmids encoding the enhanced green fluorescence protein (pEGFP), the expression of EGFP was low but could be observed in almost 100% of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Maeda
- The Center for Chemical Biology, School of Fundamental Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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20
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Dziubla TD, Karim A, Muzykantov VR. Polymer nanocarriers protecting active enzyme cargo against proteolysis. J Control Release 2005; 102:427-39. [PMID: 15653162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2004.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2004] [Accepted: 10/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric nanocarriers (PNCs), proposed as an attractive vehicle for vascular drug delivery, remain an orphan technology for enzyme therapies due to poor loading and inactivation of protein cargoes. To unite enzyme delivery by PNC with a clinically relevant goal of containment of vascular oxidative stress, a novel freeze-thaw encapsulation strategy was designed and provides approximately 20% efficiency loading of an active large antioxidant enzyme, catalase, into PNC (200-300 nm) composed of biodegradable block copolymers poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(lactic-glycolic acid). Catalase's substrate, H(2)O(2), was freely diffusible in the PNC polymer. Furthermore, PNC-loaded catalase stably retained 25-30% of H(2)O(2)-degrading activity for at least 18 h in a proteolytic environment, while free catalase lost activity within 1 h. Delivery and protection of catalase from lysosomal degradation afforded by PNC nanotechnology may advance effectiveness and duration of treatment of diverse disease conditions associated with vascular oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Dziubla
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 1 John Morgan/6068, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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21
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Ichim TE, Li M, Qian H, Popov IA, Rycerz K, Zheng X, White D, Zhong R, Min W. RNA interference: a potent tool for gene-specific therapeutics. Am J Transplant 2004; 4:1227-36. [PMID: 15268723 PMCID: PMC7175948 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2004.00530.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a process through which double-stranded RNA induces the activation of cellular pathways, leading to potent and selective silencing of genes with homology to the double strand. Much excitement surrounding small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated therapeutics arises from the fact that this approach overcomes many of the shortcomings previously experienced with approaches such as antibodies, antisense oligonucleotides and pharmacological inhibitors. Induction of RNAi through administration of siRNA has been successfully used in treatment of hepatitis, viral infections, and cancer. In this review we will present a brief history of RNAi, methods of inducing RNAi, application of RNAi in the therapeutic setting, and the possibilities of using this highly promising approach in the context of transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E. Ichim
- Department of Surgery, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario
- Multi‐Organ Transplant program, London Health Sciences Centre
| | - Mu Li
- Department of Surgery, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario
- Multi‐Organ Transplant program, London Health Sciences Centre
| | - Hua Qian
- Department of Surgery, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario
- Multi‐Organ Transplant program, London Health Sciences Centre
| | - Igor A. Popov
- Department of Surgery, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario
- Multi‐Organ Transplant program, London Health Sciences Centre
| | - Katarzyna Rycerz
- Department of Surgery, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario
| | - Xiufen Zheng
- Department of Surgery, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario
| | - David White
- Department of Surgery, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario
- Multi‐Organ Transplant program, London Health Sciences Centre
- Immunology and Transplantation, Lawson Health Research Institute, and
- Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Zhong
- Department of Surgery, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario
- Multi‐Organ Transplant program, London Health Sciences Centre
- Immunology and Transplantation, Lawson Health Research Institute, and
- Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Wei‐Ping Min
- Department of Surgery, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario
- Multi‐Organ Transplant program, London Health Sciences Centre
- Immunology and Transplantation, Lawson Health Research Institute, and
- Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
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22
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Carrion C, de Madariaga MA, Domingo JC. In vitro cytotoxic study of immunoliposomal doxorubicin targeted to human CD34+ leukemic cells. Life Sci 2004; 75:313-28. [PMID: 15135652 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2003.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2003] [Accepted: 12/11/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The expression of CD34 antigen in acute myelogenous leukemias is considered an unfavourable prognosis marker for response to anticancer drugs and duration of remission. This study investigated the applicability of long-circulating immunoliposomes loaded with doxorubicin targeted to CD34 antigen present on MDR(+) human myelogenous leukemia KG-1a cell line. Immunoliposomal doxorubicin showed a higher cytotoxicity against KG-1a cells than non-targeted liposomal doxorubicin, but it did not improve over that of free drug. Although no reversal of doxorubicin resistance was found to occur through its liposomal encapsulation, a therapeutic benefit can be obtained by the selective cytotoxicity observed. Endocytosis studies demonstrated that, after binding to CD34 antigen, the immunoliposomes are not internalized by the KG-1a cells and so the cytotoxic effect might be due to drug released into the space near the cell membrane. Thus, immunotargeting of liposomal doxorubicin to CD34(+) leukemic cells may only provide an ex vivo strategy for site-selective CD34(+) leukemia cell killing.
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MESH Headings
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/administration & dosage
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacokinetics
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal
- Antigens, CD34/immunology
- Capsules
- Cell Division
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
- Doxorubicin/administration & dosage
- Doxorubicin/pharmacokinetics
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Drug Carriers
- Drug Delivery Systems
- Endocytosis/drug effects
- Flow Cytometry
- Humans
- Immunochemistry
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Liposomes
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Particle Size
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Affiliation(s)
- C Carrion
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona. Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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23
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Carrion C, Domingo JC, de Madariaga MA. Preparation of long-circulating immunoliposomes using PEG-cholesterol conjugates: effect of the spacer arm between PEG and cholesterol on liposomal characteristics. Chem Phys Lipids 2001; 113:97-110. [PMID: 11687230 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-3084(01)00178-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene glycol)-coated liposomes were prepared with two new synthesised pegylated cholesterol (Chol) derivatives linked via carbamate bond. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was directly linked to Chol (PEG-Chol) or through a space arm of diaminebutane (PEG-L-Chol). In buffer, the physicochemical properties of PC/Chol liposomes (2/1, molar ratio) containing up to 10 mol% of pegylated Chol derivatives did not change significantly and the PEG layer at liposome surface inhibited the agglutination of biotin-liposomes induced by streptavidin. On the other hand, in serum, PEG-L-Chol seemed to reduce the interactions of liposomes with serum proteins, much more than PEG-Chol. The low steric hindrance of PEG-Chol derivative may be due to the slow conformational transition rate of the polymer, since PEG may be deeper located in the membrane. The coupling efficiency of the ligand to the functionalised amino group at the polymer end was also affected, but, its antigen-binding activity was preserved. The basic physical-chemical characteristics studied in this work are relevant to assess the application of pegylated Chol liposomes as drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Carrion
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franques, 1, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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