1
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Cross interactions between Apolipoprotein E and amyloid proteins in neurodegenerative diseases. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:1189-1204. [PMID: 36817952 PMCID: PMC9932299 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Three common Apolipoprotein E isoforms, ApoE2, ApoE3, and ApoE4, are key regulators of lipid homeostasis, among other functions. Apolipoprotein E can interact with amyloid proteins. The isoforms differ by one or two residues at positions 112 and 158, and possess distinct structural conformations and functions, leading to isoform-specific roles in amyloid-based neurodegenerative diseases. Over 30 different amyloid proteins have been found to share similar characteristics of structure and toxicity, suggesting a common interactome. The molecular and genetic interactions of ApoE with amyloid proteins have been extensively studied in neurodegenerative diseases, but have not yet been well connected and clarified. Here we summarize essential features of the interactions between ApoE and different amyloid proteins, identify gaps in the understanding of the interactome and propose the general interaction mechanism between ApoE isoforms and amyloid proteins. Perhaps more importantly, this review outlines what we can learn from the interactome of ApoE and amyloid proteins; that is the need to see both ApoE and amyloid proteins as a basis to understand neurodegenerative diseases.
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Linking Cerebrovascular Dysfunction to Age-Related Hearing Loss and Alzheimer’s Disease—Are Systemic Approaches for Diagnosis and Therapy Required? Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12111717. [DOI: 10.3390/biom12111717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia in the elderly, is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with neurovascular dysfunction, cognitive decline, and the accumulation of amyloid β peptide (Aβ) in the brain and tau-related lesions in neurons termed neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Aβ deposits and NFT formation are the central pathological hallmarks in AD brains, and the majority of AD cases have been shown to exhibit a complex combination of systemic comorbidities. While AD is the foremost common cause of dementia in the elderly, age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is the most predominant sensory deficit in the elderly. During aging, chronic inflammation and resulting endothelial dysfunction have been described and might be key contributors to AD; we discuss an intriguing possible link between inner ear strial microvascular pathology and blood–brain barrier pathology and present ARHL as a potentially modifiable and treatable risk factor for AD development. We present compelling evidence that ARHL might well be seen as an important risk factor in AD development: progressive hearing impairment, leading to social isolation, and its comorbidities, such as frailty, falls, and late-onset depression, link ARHL with cognitive decline and increased risk of dementia, rendering it tempting to speculate that ARHL might be a potential common molecular and pathological trigger for AD. Additionally, one could speculate that amyloid-beta might damage the blood–labyrinth barrier as it does to the blood–brain barrier, leading to ARHL pathology. Finally, there are options for the treatment of ARHL by targeted neurotrophic factor supplementation to the cochlea to improve cognitive outcomes; they can also prevent AD development and AD-related comorbidity in the future.
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Statins Use in Alzheimer Disease: Bane or Boon from Frantic Search and Narrative Review. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12101290. [PMID: 36291224 PMCID: PMC9599431 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12101290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was used to describe pre-senile dementia to differentiate it from senile dementia, which develops in the adult age group of more than 65 years. AD is characterized by the deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque and tau-neurofibrillary tangles (TNTs) in the brain. The neuropathological changes in AD are related to the deposition of amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and progression of neuroinflammation, neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy dysfunction, and cholinergic synaptic dysfunction. Statins are one of the main cornerstone drugs for the management of cardiovascular disorders regardless of dyslipidemia status. Increasing the use of statins, mainly in the elderly groups for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases, may affect their cognitive functions. Extensive and prolonged use of statins may affect cognitive functions in healthy subjects and dementia patients. Statins-induced cognitive impairments in both patients and health providers had been reported according to the post-marketing survey. This survey depends mainly on sporadic cases, and no cognitive measures were used. Evidence from prospective and observational studies gives no robust conclusion regarding the beneficial or detrimental effects of statins on cognitive functions in AD patients. Therefore, this study is a narrative review aimed with evidences to the beneficial, detrimental, and neutral effects of statins on AD.
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Siposova K, Petrenko VI, Garcarova I, Sedlakova D, Almásy L, Kyzyma OA, Kriechbaum M, Musatov A. The intriguing dose-dependent effect of selected amphiphilic compounds on insulin amyloid aggregation: Focus on a cholesterol-based detergent, Chobimalt. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:955282. [PMID: 36060240 PMCID: PMC9437268 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.955282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyloidogenic self-assembly of many peptides and proteins largely depends on external conditions. Among amyloid-prone proteins, insulin attracts attention because of its physiological and therapeutic importance. In the present work, the amyloid aggregation of insulin is studied in the presence of cholesterol-based detergent, Chobimalt. The strategy to elucidate the Chobimalt-induced effect on insulin fibrillogenesis is based on performing the concentration- and time-dependent analysis using a combination of different experimental techniques, such as ThT fluorescence assay, CD, AFM, SANS, and SAXS. While at the lowest Chobimalt concentration (0.1 µM; insulin to Chobimalt molar ratio of 1:0.004) the formation of insulin fibrils was not affected, the gradual increase of Chobimalt concentration (up to 100 µM; molar ratio of 1:4) led to a significant increase in ThT fluorescence, and the maximal ThT fluorescence was 3-4-fold higher than the control insulin fibril’s ThT fluorescence intensity. Kinetic studies confirm the dose-dependent experimental results. Depending on the concentration of Chobimalt, either (i) no effect is observed, or (ii) significantly, ∼10-times prolonged lag-phases accompanied by the substantial, ∼ 3-fold higher relative ThT fluorescence intensities at the steady-state phase are recorded. In addition, at certain concentrations of Chobimalt, changes in the elongation-phase are noticed. An increase in the Chobimalt concentrations also triggers the formation of insulin fibrils with sharply altered morphological appearance. The fibrils appear to be more flexible and wavy-like with a tendency to form circles. SANS and SAXS data also revealed the morphology changes of amyloid fibrils in the presence of Chobimalt. Amyloid aggregation requires the formation of unfolded intermediates, which subsequently generate amyloidogenic nuclei. We hypothesize that the different morphology of the formed insulin fibrils is the result of the gradual binding of Chobimalt to different binding sites on unfolded insulin. A similar explanation and the existence of such binding sites with different binding energies was shown previously for the nonionic detergent. Thus, the data also emphasize the importance of a protein partially-unfolded state which undergoes the process of fibrils formation; i.e., certain experimental conditions or the presence of additives may dramatically change not only kinetics but also the morphology of fibrillar aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Siposova
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovakia
- *Correspondence: Katarina Siposova, ; Andrey Musatov,
| | - Viktor I. Petrenko
- BCMaterials—Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ivana Garcarova
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Dagmar Sedlakova
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - László Almásy
- Neutron Spectroscopy Department, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Olena A. Kyzyma
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovakia
- Faculty of Physics, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Manfred Kriechbaum
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Andrey Musatov
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovakia
- *Correspondence: Katarina Siposova, ; Andrey Musatov,
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5
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Das A, Shah M, Saraogi I. Molecular Aspects of Insulin Aggregation and Various Therapeutic Interventions. ACS BIO & MED CHEM AU 2022; 2:205-221. [PMID: 37101572 PMCID: PMC10114644 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.1c00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Protein aggregation leading to the formation of amyloid fibrils has various adverse effects on human health ranging from fatigue and numbness to organ failure and death in extreme cases. Insulin, a peptide hormone commonly used to treat diabetes, undergoes aggregation at the site of repeated injections in diabetic patients as well as during its industrial production and transport. The reduced bioavailability of insulin due to aggregation hinders the proper control of glucose levels in diabetic patients. Thus, it is necessary to develop rational approaches for inhibiting insulin aggregation, which in turn requires a detailed understanding of the mechanism of fibrillation. Given the relative simplicity of insulin and ease of access, insulin has also served as a model system for studying amyloids. Approaches to inhibit insulin aggregation have included the use of natural molecules, synthetic peptides or small molecules, and bacterial chaperone machinery. This review focuses on insulin aggregation with an emphasis on its mechanism, the structural features of insulin fibrils, and the reported inhibitors that act at different stages in the aggregation pathway. We discuss molecules that can serve as leads for improved inhibitors for use in commercial insulin formulations. We also discuss the aggregation propensity of fast- and slow-acting insulin biosimilars, commonly administered to diabetic patients. The development of better insulin aggregation inhibitors and insights into their mechanism of action will not only aid diabetic therapies, but also enhance our knowledge of protein amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Das
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Biological Sciences, Indian
Institute of Science Education and Research
Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Mosami Shah
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Biological Sciences, Indian
Institute of Science Education and Research
Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ishu Saraogi
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Biological Sciences, Indian
Institute of Science Education and Research
Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Kreiser RP, Wright AK, Sasser LR, Rinauro DJ, Gabriel JM, Hsu CM, Hurtado JA, McKenzie TL, Errico S, Albright JA, Richardson L, Jaffett VA, Riegner DE, Nguyen LT, LeForte K, Zasloff M, Hollows JE, Chiti F, Vendruscolo M, Limbocker R. A Brain-Permeable Aminosterol Regulates Cell Membranes to Mitigate the Toxicity of Diverse Pore-Forming Agents. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:1219-1231. [PMID: 35404569 PMCID: PMC9026273 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
![]()
The molecular composition
of the plasma membrane plays a key role
in mediating the susceptibility of cells to perturbations induced
by toxic molecules. The pharmacological regulation of the properties
of the cell membrane has therefore the potential to enhance cellular
resilience to a wide variety of chemical and biological compounds.
In this study, we investigate the ability of claramine, a blood–brain
barrier permeable small molecule in the aminosterol class, to neutralize
the toxicity of acute biological threat agents, including melittin
from honeybee venom and α-hemolysin from Staphylococcus
aureus. Our results show that claramine neutralizes
the toxicity of these pore-forming agents by preventing their interactions
with cell membranes without perturbing their structures in a detectable
manner. We thus demonstrate that the exogenous administration of an
aminosterol can tune the properties of lipid membranes and protect
cells from diverse biotoxins, including not just misfolded protein
oligomers as previously shown but also biological protein-based toxins.
Our results indicate that the investigation of regulators of the physicochemical
properties of cell membranes offers novel opportunities to develop
countermeasures against an extensive set of cytotoxic effects associated
with cell membrane disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P. Kreiser
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York 10996, United States
| | - Aidan K. Wright
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York 10996, United States
| | - Liam R. Sasser
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York 10996, United States
| | - Dillon J. Rinauro
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Justus M. Gabriel
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York 10996, United States
| | - Claire M. Hsu
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York 10996, United States
| | - Jorge A. Hurtado
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York 10996, United States
| | - Tristan L. McKenzie
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York 10996, United States
| | - Silvia Errico
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - J. Alex Albright
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York 10996, United States
| | - Lance Richardson
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York 10996, United States
| | - Victor A. Jaffett
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York 10996, United States
| | - Dawn E. Riegner
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York 10996, United States
| | - Lam T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York 10996, United States
| | - Kathleen LeForte
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York 10996, United States
| | - Michael Zasloff
- MedStar-Georgetown Transplant Institute, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia 20010, United States
| | - Jared E. Hollows
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York 10996, United States
| | - Fabrizio Chiti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Michele Vendruscolo
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Ryan Limbocker
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York 10996, United States
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Lin Y, Peng X, Lin X, Deng X, Liu F, Tao H, Dong R, Wang B, Bi Y. Potential Value of Serum Lipid in the Identication of Postoperative Delirium Undergoing Knee/Hip Arthroplasty: The Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorder and Biomarker Lifestyle Study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:870317. [PMID: 35492710 PMCID: PMC9039337 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.870317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the relationship between preoperative lipid level and postoperative delirium (POD) and explore whether lipid's effect on POD is mediated by POD core protein. METHODS A total of 635 patients who were planned to undergo knee/hip arthroplasty under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia, regardless of gender, were selected. The patients were aged 40-90 years with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I II. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was completed 1 day before the operation. Five milliliter elbow venous blood was taken from the patients before anesthesia, and serum levels of total cholesterol (TG), triglyceride (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) were detected. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was extracted after successful spinal-epidural combined puncture, and amyloid beta40 (Aβ40), amyloid beta42 (Aβ42), total Tau (t-Tau), and phosphorylated Tau (p-Tau) in the CSF were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). After the operation, the occurrence and severity of POD were assessed using the Confusion Assessment Method and the Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale (MDAS), respectively. Patients were categorized into POD group and NPOD group. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between POD and TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C, and the mediating effect was used to analyze the role of POD core proteins in the relationship between lipid and MDAS. We used the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and the precision-recall curve (PRC) analysis to assess the ability of TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C ability to predict POD. Finally, we performed a sensitivity analysis to assess the stability of the results. RESULTS A total of 562 patients were finally enrolled in this study, and 66 patients developed POD, with an incidence of 11.7%. Logistic regression analysis showed that high concentration of TC (OR = 3.148, 95%CI 1.858∼5.333, P < 0.001), TG (OR = 2.483, 95%CI 1.573∼3.918, P < 0.001), and LDL-C (OR = 2.469, 95%CI 1.310∼4.656, P = 0.005) in serum were risk factors for POD. A high concentration of HDL-C (OR = 0.258, 95%CI 0.112∼0.594, P = 0.001) was a protective factor for POD after adjusted for age, sex, education, and MMSE score. ROC curves showed that HDL-C have the highest sensitivity and specificity in predicting POD. For these four lipid markers, the PRC range from 0.602 to 0.731, respectively. The mediating analysis showed that POD core proteins could partially mediate the relationship between lipid and POD (effect value: 16.19∼91.04%). The results were barely changed in the sensitivity analysis, and the sensitivity analysis has shown that the results were stable. CONCLUSION The increase of serum TG, TC, and LDL-C concentration is a risk factor for POD development, while high HDL-C concentration is a protective factor for POD, and the occurrence of POD is caused by hyperlipidemia may be caused by POD core proteins. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION [www.ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [Chictr200033439].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoyan Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xu Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiyuan Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Fanghao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - He Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Rui Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanlin Bi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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8
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Pathak BK, Dey S, Mozumder S, Sengupta J. The role of membranes in function and dysfunction of intrinsically disordered amyloidogenic proteins. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2021; 128:397-434. [PMID: 35034725 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-protein interactions play a major role in human physiology as well as in diseases pathology. Interaction of a protein with the membrane was previously thought to be dependent on well-defined three-dimensional structure of the protein. In recent decades, however, it has become evident that a large fraction of the proteome, particularly in eukaryotes, stays disordered in solution and these proteins are termed as intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). Also, a vast majority of human proteomes have been reported to contain substantially long disordered regions, called intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs), in addition to the structurally ordered regions. IDPs exist in an ensemble of conformations and the conformational flexibility enables IDPs to achieve functional diversity. IDPs (and IDRs) are found to be important players in cell signaling, where biological membranes act as anchors for signaling cascades. Therefore, IDPs modulate the membrane architectures, at the same time membrane composition also affects the binding of IDPs. Because of intrinsic disorders, misfolding of IDPs often leads to formation of oligomers, protofibrils and mature fibrils through progressive self-association. Accumulation of amyloid-like aggregates of some of the IDPs is a known causative agent for numerous diseases. In this chapter we highlight recent advances in understanding membrane interactions of some of the intrinsically disordered proteins involved in the pathogenesis of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bani Kumar Pathak
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India
| | - Sandip Dey
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India
| | - Sukanya Mozumder
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Jayati Sengupta
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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9
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Loh D, Reiter RJ. Melatonin: Regulation of Biomolecular Condensates in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1483. [PMID: 34573116 PMCID: PMC8465482 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomolecular condensates are membraneless organelles (MLOs) that form dynamic, chemically distinct subcellular compartments organizing macromolecules such as proteins, RNA, and DNA in unicellular prokaryotic bacteria and complex eukaryotic cells. Separated from surrounding environments, MLOs in the nucleoplasm, cytoplasm, and mitochondria assemble by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) into transient, non-static, liquid-like droplets that regulate essential molecular functions. LLPS is primarily controlled by post-translational modifications (PTMs) that fine-tune the balance between attractive and repulsive charge states and/or binding motifs of proteins. Aberrant phase separation due to dysregulated membrane lipid rafts and/or PTMs, as well as the absence of adequate hydrotropic small molecules such as ATP, or the presence of specific RNA proteins can cause pathological protein aggregation in neurodegenerative disorders. Melatonin may exert a dominant influence over phase separation in biomolecular condensates by optimizing membrane and MLO interdependent reactions through stabilizing lipid raft domains, reducing line tension, and maintaining negative membrane curvature and fluidity. As a potent antioxidant, melatonin protects cardiolipin and other membrane lipids from peroxidation cascades, supporting protein trafficking, signaling, ion channel activities, and ATPase functionality during condensate coacervation or dissolution. Melatonin may even control condensate LLPS through PTM and balance mRNA- and RNA-binding protein composition by regulating N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications. There is currently a lack of pharmaceuticals targeting neurodegenerative disorders via the regulation of phase separation. The potential of melatonin in the modulation of biomolecular condensate in the attenuation of aberrant condensate aggregation in neurodegenerative disorders is discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Loh
- Independent Researcher, Marble Falls, TX 78654, USA
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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10
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Imanbekova M, Suarasan S, Rojalin T, Mizenko RR, Hilt S, Mathur M, Lepine P, Nicouleau M, Mohamed NV, Durcan TM, Carney RP, Voss JC, Wachsmann-Hogiu S. Identification of amyloid beta in small extracellular vesicles via Raman spectroscopy. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:4119-4132. [PMID: 34355118 PMCID: PMC8276787 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00330e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis is believed to be the production and deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide into extracellular plaques. Existing research indicates that extracellular vesicles (EVs) can carry Aβ associated with AD. However, characterization of the EVs-associated Aβ and its conformational variants has yet to be realized. Raman spectroscopy is a label-free and non-destructive method that is able to assess the biochemical composition of EVs. This study reports for the first time the Raman spectroscopic fingerprint of the Aβ present in the molecular cargo of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). Raman spectra were measured from sEVs isolated from Alzheimer's disease cell culture model, where secretion of Aβ is regulated by tetracycline promoter, and from midbrain organoids. The averaged spectra of each sEV group showed considerable variation as a reflection of the biochemical content of sEVs. Spectral analysis identified more intense Raman peaks at 1650 cm-1 and 2930 cm-1 attributable to the Aβ peptide incorporated in sEVs produced by the Alzheimer's cell culture model. Subsequent analysis of the spectra by principal component analysis differentiated the sEVs of the Alzheimer's disease cell culture model from the control groups of sEVs. Moreover, the results indicate that Aβ associated with secreted sEVs has a α-helical secondary structure and the size of a monomer or small oligomer. Furthermore, by analyzing the lipid content of sEVs we identified altered fatty acid chain lengths in sEVs that carry Aβ that may affect the fluidity of the EV membrane. Overall, our findings provide evidence supporting the use of Raman spectroscopy for the identification and characterization of sEVs associated with potential biomarkers of neurological disorders such as toxic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sorina Suarasan
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University Montreal QC H3A 0E9 Canada
| | - Tatu Rojalin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Rachel R Mizenko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Silvia Hilt
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Meghna Mathur
- The Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University Montreal QC H3A 2B4 Canada
| | - Paula Lepine
- The Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University Montreal QC H3A 2B4 Canada
| | - Michael Nicouleau
- The Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University Montreal QC H3A 2B4 Canada
| | - Nguyen-Vi Mohamed
- The Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University Montreal QC H3A 2B4 Canada
| | - Thomas M Durcan
- The Early Drug Discovery Unit (EDDU), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University Montreal QC H3A 2B4 Canada
| | - Randy P Carney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - John C Voss
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis CA 95616 USA
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11
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Shityakov S, Hayashi K, Störk S, Scheper V, Lenarz T, Förster CY. The Conspicuous Link between Ear, Brain and Heart-Could Neurotrophin-Treatment of Age-Related Hearing Loss Help Prevent Alzheimer's Disease and Associated Amyloid Cardiomyopathy? Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060900. [PMID: 34204299 PMCID: PMC8235707 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia in the elderly, is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with neurovascular dysfunction and cognitive decline. While the deposition of amyloid β peptide (Aβ) and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are the pathological hallmarks of AD-affected brains, the majority of cases exhibits a combination of comorbidities that ultimately lead to multi-organ failure. Of particular interest, it can be demonstrated that Aβ pathology is present in the hearts of patients with AD, while the formation of NFT in the auditory system can be detected much earlier than the onset of symptoms. Progressive hearing impairment may beget social isolation and accelerate cognitive decline and increase the risk of developing dementia. The current review discusses the concept of a brain-ear-heart axis by which Aβ and NFT inhibition could be achieved through targeted supplementation of neurotrophic factors to the cochlea and the brain. Such amyloid inhibition might also indirectly affect amyloid accumulation in the heart, thus reducing the risk of developing AD-associated amyloid cardiomyopathy and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Shityakov
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany;
- Infochemistry Scientific Center, Laboratory of Chemoinformatics, ITMO University, 191002 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kentaro Hayashi
- Advanced Stroke Center, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1 Enya, Shimane, Izumo 693-8501, Japan;
| | - Stefan Störk
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Q9 Center, University of Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Verena Scheper
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School and Cluster of Excellence “Hearing4All”, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Thomas Lenarz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School and Cluster of Excellence “Hearing4All”, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
- Correspondence: (T.L.); (C.Y.F.)
| | - Carola Y. Förster
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany;
- Correspondence: (T.L.); (C.Y.F.)
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12
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Smeralda W, Since M, Cardin J, Corvaisier S, Lecomte S, Cullin C, Malzert-Fréon A. β-Amyloid peptide interactions with biomimetic membranes: A multiparametric characterization. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 181:769-777. [PMID: 33811932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of senile dementia in the world, and amyloid β peptide1-42 (Aβ1-42) is one of its two principal biological hallmarks. While interactome concept was getting forward the scientific community, we proposed that the study of the molecular interactions of amyloid β peptide with the biological membranes will allow to highlight underlying mechanisms responsive of AD. We have developed two simple liposomal formulations (phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, phosphatidylglycerol) mimicking neuronal cell membrane (composition, charge, curvature radius). Interactions with Aβ1-42 and mutant oG37C, a stable oligomeric form of the peptide, were characterized according to a simple multiparametric procedure based on ThT fluorescence, liposome leakage assay, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Kinetic aggregation, membrane damage and peptide conformation provided our first methodologic bases to develop an original model to describe interactions of Aβ peptide and lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc Since
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CERMN, 14000 Caen, France.
| | - Julien Cardin
- NIMPH Team, CIMAP CNRS UMR 6252, EnsiCaen-UNICAEN-CEA, 14050 Caen, France.
| | | | - Sophie Lecomte
- CBMN, CNRS UMR 5248, Univ. Bordeaux, 33600 Pessac, France.
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13
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Deo T, Cheng Q, Paul S, Qiang W, Potapov A. Application of DNP-enhanced solid-state NMR to studies of amyloid-β peptide interaction with lipid membranes. Chem Phys Lipids 2021; 236:105071. [PMID: 33716023 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2021.105071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The cellular membrane disruption induced by the aggregation of Aβ peptide has been proposed as a plausible cause of neuronal cell death during Alzheimer's disease. The molecular-level details of the Aβ interaction with cellular membranes were previously probed using solid state NMR (ssNMR), however, due to the limited sensitivity of the latter, studies were limited to samples with high Aβ-to-lipid ratio. The dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is a technique for increasing the sensitivity of NMR. In this work we demonstrate the feasibility of DNP-enhanced ssNMR studies of Aβ40 peptide interacting with various model liposomes: (1) a mixture of zwitterionic 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) and negatively charged 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) (POPG); (2) a mixture of POPC, POPG, cholesterol, sphingomyelin and ganglioside GM1; (3) the synaptic plasma membrane vesicles (SPMVs) extracted from rat brain tissues. In addition, DNP-ssNMR was applied to capturing changes in Aβ40 conformation taking place upon the peptide insertion into POPG liposomes. The signal enhancements under conditions of DNP allow carrying out informative 2D ssNMR experiments with about 0.25 mg of Aβ40 peptides (i.e. reaching Aβ40-to-lipid ratio of 1:200). In the studied liposome models, the 13C NMR chemical shifts at many 13C-labelled sites of Aβ40 are characteristic of β-sheets. In addition, in POPG liposomes the peptide forms hydrophobic contacts F19-L34 and F19-I32. Both the chemical shifts and hydrophobic contacts of Aβ40 in POPG remain the same before and after 8 h of incubation. This suggests that conformation at the 13C-labelled sites of the peptide is similar before and after the insertion process. Overall, our results demonstrate that DNP helps to overcome the sensitivity limitation of ssNMR, and thereby expand the applicability of ssNMR for charactering the Aβ peptide interacting with lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Deo
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Qinghui Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, the State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Subhadip Paul
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Wei Qiang
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, the State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Alexey Potapov
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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14
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Lee JW, Choi EA, Kim YS, Kim Y, You HS, Han YE, Kim HS, Bae YJ, Kim J, Kang HT. Statin exposure and the risk of dementia in individuals with hypercholesterolaemia. J Intern Med 2020; 288:689-698. [PMID: 32583471 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the association between statin exposure and dementia risk in individuals with hypercholesterolaemia using data from the NHIS-HEALS database between 2002 and 2015. METHODS Subjects were classified into statin exposure and statin nonexposure groups according to medication possession ratio. Dementia was defined as those with primary diagnostic dementia codes such as F00-F03, G30, G31.1, G31.9 or G31.82. Cox proportional hazards regression models were adopted after stepwise adjustment for confounders to investigate the prospective association between statin exposure and dementia risk. RESULTS During the follow-up period (median follow-up 11.7 years), 711 cases of dementia occurred, accounting for 11.5% of the total study population (statin exposure group, 8.2%; statin nonexposure group, 12.9%). Compared to the statin nonexposure group, fully adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for overall dementia in the statin exposure group were 0.63 (0.43-0.91) and 0.62 (0.50-0.78) in men and women, respectively. Compared to the statin nonexposure group, the HRs (95% CIs) for Alzheimer's disease and related dementia, vascular dementia and other types of dementia in the statin exposure group were 0.54 (0.32-0.91), 2.45 (0.69-8.68) and 0.59 (0.32-1.07), respectively, in men and 0.53 (0.38-0.73), 1.29 (0.42-3.96) and 0.70 (0.51-0.96), respectively, in women. CONCLUSIONS Hypercholesterolaemic individuals exposed to statin had a lower risk of overall dementia and Alzheimer's disease and related dementia in both sexes, and a lower risk of other types of dementia in women, than subjects who were not exposed to statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-W Lee
- From the, Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - E-A Choi
- Department of Information & Statistics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Y-S Kim
- From the, Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Y Kim
- From the, Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - H-S You
- From the, Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Y-E Han
- Department of Information & Statistics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - H-S Kim
- Department of Information & Statistics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Y-J Bae
- Department of Information & Statistics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - J Kim
- Department of Information & Statistics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - H-T Kang
- From the, Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea.,Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
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15
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Krishtal J, Metsla K, Bragina O, Tõugu V, Palumaa P. Toxicity of Amyloid-β Peptides Varies Depending on Differentiation Route of SH-SY5Y Cells. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 71:879-887. [PMID: 31450506 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a currently incurable neurodegenerative disorder being the major form of dementia worldwide. AD pathology is initiated by cerebral aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides in the form of amyloid plaques; however, the mechanism how Aβ peptide aggregates participate in the disease progression and neurodegeneration is still under debate. Human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y is a convenient cellular model, which is widely used in biochemical and toxicological studies of neurodegenerative diseases. This model can be further improved by differentiation of the cells toward more neuron-like culture using different protocols. In the current study, dbcAMP, retinoic acid with TPA, or BDNF were used for differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells, and the resulting cultures were tested for the toxicity toward the Aβ42 peptide. The toxicity of Aβ42 peptide depended on the type of differentiated cells: RA and TPA- differentiated cells were most resistant, whereas dbcAMP and RA/BDNF- differentiated cells were more sensitive to Aβ toxicity as compared with non-differentiated cells. The differentiated cultures provide more appropriate cellular models of human origin that can be used for studies of the mechanism of Aβ pathogenesis and for a screening of compounds antagonistic to the toxicity of Aβ peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jekaterina Krishtal
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kristel Metsla
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Olga Bragina
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Vello Tõugu
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Peep Palumaa
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
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16
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Pariary R, Ghosh B, Bednarikova Z, Varnava KG, Ratha BN, Raha S, Bhattacharyya D, Gazova Z, Sarojini V, Mandal AK, Bhunia A. Targeted inhibition of amyloidogenesis using a non-toxic, serum stable strategically designed cyclic peptide with therapeutic implications. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1868:140378. [PMID: 32032759 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Amyloidogenic disorders are currently rising as a global health issue, prompting more and more studies dedicated to the development of effective targeted therapeutics. The innate affinity of these amyloidogenic proteins towards the biomembranes adds further complexities to the systems. Our previous studies have shown that biologically active peptides can effectively target amyloidogenesis serving as an efficient therapeutic alternative in several amyloidogenic disorders. The structural uniqueness of the PWWP motif in the de novo designed heptapeptide, KR7 (KPWWPRR-NH2) was demonstrated to target insulin fiber elongation specifically. By working on insulin, an important model system in amyloidogenic studies, we gained several mechanistic insights into the inhibitory actions at the protein-peptide interface. Here, we report a second-generation non-toxic and serum stable cyclic peptide, based primarily on the PWWP motif that resulted in complete inhibition of insulin fibrillation both in the presence and absence of the model membranes. Using both low- and high-resolution spectroscopic techniques, we could delineate the specific mechanism of inhibition, at atomistic resolution. Our studies put forward an effective therapeutic intervention that redirects the default aggregation kinetics towards off-pathway fibrillation. Based on the promising results, this novel cyclic peptide can be considered an excellent lead to design pharmaceutical molecules against amyloidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranit Pariary
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII (M), Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Baijayanti Ghosh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII (M), Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Zuzana Bednarikova
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Kyriakos Gabriel Varnava
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bhisma N Ratha
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII (M), Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Sreyan Raha
- Department of Physics, Bose Institute, 93/1 APC Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Dipita Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII (M), Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Zuzana Gazova
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Vijayalekshmi Sarojini
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Atin K Mandal
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII (M), Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Anirban Bhunia
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VII (M), Kolkata, 700054, India.
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17
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Gao Q, Wu G, Lai KWC. Cholesterol Modulates the Formation of the Aβ Ion Channel in Lipid Bilayers. Biochemistry 2020; 59:992-998. [PMID: 31914730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The misfolding of amyloid beta (Aβ) is one of the predominant hallmarks in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we showed that the formation of the Aβ ion channel on the membrane depended on the cholesterol concentration. From a mechanical aspect, we found that cholesterol levels affected the stability and assembly of lipid bilayers. Measurements on planar lipid bilayers indicated that a small amount of cholesterol interacted with Aβ proteins and promoted the insertion process. Conversely, high cholesterol integrated the lipid bilayer and exerted an opposite effect on Aβ insertion. The Aβ ion channel was then detected by graphene-based field-effect transistors. Results demonstrated that the Aβ ion channel promoted a Ca2+ flux in the presence of 15% cholesterol but prevented a Ca2+ flux in high cholesterol. Thus, cholesterol had a complex impact on the Aβ ion channel that can be described as two different effects. First, a small amount of cholesterol interacted with Aβ and facilitated the Aβ ion channel formation in the membrane. Second, a large amount of cholesterol did not induce the ion flux in the membrane, which can be explained by the cholesterol damage to the regular distribution of the lipid bilayer. Overall, this study suggested a possible approach to consider cholesterol levels for the treatment of AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Robotics and Automation, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Guangfu Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Robotics and Automation, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - King Wai Chiu Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Robotics and Automation, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
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18
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Petrov AM, Pikuleva IA. Cholesterol 24-Hydroxylation by CYP46A1: Benefits of Modulation for Brain Diseases. Neurotherapeutics 2019; 16:635-648. [PMID: 31001737 PMCID: PMC6694357 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-019-00731-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol 24-hydroxylation is the major mechanism for cholesterol removal from the brain and the reaction catalyzed by cytochrome P450 46A1 (CYP46A1), a CNS-specific enzyme. This review describes CYP46A1 in the context of cholesterol homeostasis in the brain and summarizes available experimental data on CYP46A1 association with different neurologic diseases, including the mechanisms by which changes in the CYP46A1 activity in the brain could be beneficial for these diseases. The modulation of CYP46A1 activity by genetic and pharmacologic means is also presented along with a brief synopsis of the two clinical trials that evaluate CYP46A1 as a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease as well as Dravet and Lennox-Gastaut syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey M Petrov
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 2085 Adelbert Rd., Room 303, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Irina A Pikuleva
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 2085 Adelbert Rd., Room 303, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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19
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DelBove CE, Strothman CE, Lazarenko RM, Huang H, Sanders CR, Zhang Q. Reciprocal modulation between amyloid precursor protein and synaptic membrane cholesterol revealed by live cell imaging. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 127:449-461. [PMID: 30885793 PMCID: PMC6588454 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyloid precursor protein (APP) has been extensively studied because of its association with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, APP distribution across different subcellular membrane compartments and its function in neurons remains unclear. We generated an APP fusion protein with a pH-sensitive green fluorescent protein at its ectodomain and a pH-insensitive blue fluorescent protein at its cytosolic domain and used it to measure APP's distribution, subcellular trafficking, and cleavage in live neurons. This reporter, closely resembling endogenous APP, revealed only a limited correlation between synaptic activities and APP trafficking. However, the synaptic surface fraction of APP was increased by a reduction in membrane cholesterol levels, a phenomenon that involves APP's cholesterol-binding motif. Mutations at or near binding sites not only reduced both the surface fraction of APP and membrane cholesterol levels in a dominant negative manner, but also increased synaptic vulnerability to moderate membrane cholesterol reduction. Our results reveal reciprocal modulation of APP and membrane cholesterol levels at synaptic boutons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E DelBove
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, United States of America
| | - Claire E Strothman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, United States of America
| | - Roman M Lazarenko
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, United States of America
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, United States of America
| | - Charles R Sanders
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, United States of America
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, United States of America; Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, United States of America.
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20
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Dutta S, Finn TS, Kuhn AJ, Abrams B, Raskatov JA. Chirality Dependence of Amyloid β Cellular Uptake and a New Mechanistic Perspective. Chembiochem 2019; 20:1023-1026. [PMID: 30550626 PMCID: PMC6517241 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid β is an inherently disordered peptide that can form diverse neurotoxic aggregates, and its 42-amino-acid isoform is believed to be the agent responsible for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cellular uptake of the peptide is a pivotal step for it to be able to exert many of its toxic actions. The cellular uptake process is complex, and numerous competing internalization pathways have been proposed. To date, it remains unclear which of the uptake mechanisms are particularly important for the overall process, and improvement of this understanding is needed, so that better molecular AD therapeutics can be designed. Chirality can be used as a unique tool to study this process, because some of the proposed mechanisms are expected to proceed in stereoselective fashion, whereas others are not. To shed light on this important issue, we synthesized fluorescently labeled enantiomers of amyloid β and quantified their cellular uptake, finding that uptake occurs in stereoselective fashion, with a typical preference for the l stereoisomer of ≈5:1. This suggests that the process is predominantly receptor-mediated, with likely minor contributions of non-stereoselective mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Dutta
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCSC, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Thomas S. Finn
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCSC, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Ariel J. Kuhn
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCSC, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Benjamin Abrams
- Dept. of Biomolecular Engineering, Life Sciences Microscopy Center, UCSC, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, 95064 CA, USA
| | - Jevgenij A. Raskatov
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCSC, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California, USA
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21
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Influence of crowding and surfaces on protein amyloidogenesis: A thermo-kinetic perspective. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2019; 1867:941-953. [PMID: 30928692 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The last few decades have irreversibly implicated protein self-assembly and aggregation leading to amyloid fibril formation in proteopathies that include several neurodegenerative diseases. Emerging studies recognize the importance of eliciting the pathways leading to protein aggregation in the context of the crowded intracellular environment rather than in conventional in vitro conditions. It is found that crowded environments can have acceleratory as well as inhibitory effects on protein aggregation, depending on the interplay of underlying factors on the crucial rate limiting steps. The aggregation mechanism and transient species formed along the pathway are further altered when they interface with natural and artificial surfaces in the cellular milieu. An increasing number of studies probe the autocatalytic nature of amyloid surfaces as well as membrane bilayer effects on amyloidogenesis. Moreover, exposure to modern nanosurfaces via nanomedicines and other sources potentially invokes beneficial or deleterious biological response that needs rigorous investigation. Mounting evidences indicate that nanoparticles can either promote or impede amyloid aggregation, spurring efforts to tune their interactions for developing effective anti-amyloid strategies. Mechanistic insights into nanoparticle mediated aggregation pathways are therefore crucial for engineering anti-amyloid nanoparticle strategies that are biocompatible and sustainable. This review is a compilation of studies that contribute to the current understanding of the altering effects of molecular crowding as well as natural and artificial surfaces on protein amyloidogenesis.
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22
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Rao E, Foderà V, Leone M, Vetri V. Direct observation of alpha-lactalbumin, adsorption and incorporation into lipid membrane and formation of lipid/protein hybrid structures. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:784-794. [PMID: 30742952 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between proteins and membranes is of great interest in biomedical and biotechnological research for its implication in many functional and dysfunctional processes. We present an experimental study on the interaction between model membranes and alpha-lactalbumin (α-La). α-La is widely studied for both its biological function and its anti-tumoral properties. We use advanced fluorescence microscopy and spectroscopy techniques to characterize α-La-membrane mechanisms of interaction and α-La-induced modifications of membranes when insertion of partially disordered regions of protein chains in the lipid bilayer is favored. Moreover, using fluorescence lifetime imaging, we are able to distinguish between protein adsorption and insertion in the membranes. Our results indicate that, upon addition of α-La to giant vesicles samples, protein is inserted into the lipid bilayer with rates that are concentration-dependent. The formation of heterogeneous hybrid protein-lipid co-aggregates, paralleled with protein conformational and structural changes, alters the membrane structure and morphology, leading to an increase in membrane fluidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estella Rao
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vito Foderà
- Department of Pharmacy, Universitetsparken 2, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maurizio Leone
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Valeria Vetri
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
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23
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Sahoo A, Matysiak S. Computational insights into lipid assisted peptide misfolding and aggregation in neurodegeneration. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:22679-22694. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02765c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An overview of recent advances in computational investigation of peptide–lipid interactions in neurodegeneration – Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Sahoo
- Biophysics Program
- Institute of Physical Science and Technology
- University of Maryland
- College Park
- USA
| | - Silvina Matysiak
- Biophysics Program
- Institute of Physical Science and Technology
- University of Maryland
- College Park
- USA
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24
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Kim SW, Kang HJ, Jhon M, Kim JW, Lee JY, Walker AJ, Agustini B, Kim JM, Berk M. Statins and Inflammation: New Therapeutic Opportunities in Psychiatry. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:103. [PMID: 30890971 PMCID: PMC6413672 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins, which are widely used to treat hypercholesterolemia, have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. These are thought to be responsible for the potential effects of statins on various psychiatric disorders. In this study, we comprehensively review the literature to investigate the effects of statins on various psychiatric disorders including depression, schizophrenia, and dementia. In addition, we review adverse effects and drug interactions of statins to give clinically useful information guiding statin use in the psychiatric field. Statins seem useful in reducing depression, particularly in patients with physical disorders such as cardiovascular disease. In patients with schizophrenia, negative symptoms may be reduced by adjuvant statin therapy. Studies on cohorts at risk for dementia have generally shown protective effects of statins, while those on treatment for dementia show inconsistent results. In conclusion, statins used in combination with conventional psychotropic medications may be effective for various psychiatric disorders including depression, schizophrenia, and dementia. Further study is required to determine optimal doses and duration of statin use for the treatment of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hee-Ju Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Min Jhon
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Ju-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Adam J Walker
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Bruno Agustini
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Jae-Min Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Ermilova I, Lyubartsev AP. Cholesterol in phospholipid bilayers: positions and orientations inside membranes with different unsaturation degrees. SOFT MATTER 2018; 15:78-93. [PMID: 30520494 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01937a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential component of all animal cell membranes and plays an important role in maintaining the membrane structure and physical-chemical properties necessary for correct cell functioning. The presence of cholesterol is believed to be responsible for domain formation (lipid rafts) due to different interactions of cholesterol with saturated and unsaturated lipids. In order to get detailed atomistic insight into the behaviour of cholesterol in bilayers composed of lipids with varying degrees of unsaturation, we have carried out a series of molecular dynamics simulations of saturated and polyunsaturated lipid bilayers with different contents of cholesterol, as well as well-tempered metadynamics simulations with a single cholesterol molecule in these bilayers. From these simulations we have determined distributions of cholesterol across the bilayer, its orientational properties, free energy profiles, and specific interactions of molecular groups able to form hydrogen bonds. Both molecular dynamics and metadynamics simulations showed that the most unsaturated bilayer with 22:6 fatty acid chains shows behaviour which is most different from other lipids. In this bilayer, cholesterol is relatively often found in a "flipped" configuration with the hydroxyl group oriented towards the membrane middle plane. This bilayer has also the highest (least negative) binding free energy among liquid phase bilayers, and the lowest reorientation barrier. Furthermore, cholesterol molecules in this bilayer are often found to form head-to-tail contacts which may lead to specific clustering behaviour. Overall, our simulations support ideas that there can be a subtle interconnection between the contents of highly unsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol, deficiency or excess of each of them is related to many human afflictions and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Ermilova
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm Universtity, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Alexander P Lyubartsev
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm Universtity, Stockholm, Sweden.
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De Araujo Herculano B, Wang Z, Song W. A Novel Cell-based β-secretase Enzymatic Assay for Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2018; 16:128-134. [PMID: 30543168 DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666181212151540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deposition of the amyloid β protein (Aβ) into neuritic plaques is the neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Aβ is generated through the cleavage of the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) by β-secretase and γ-secretase. Currently, the evaluation of APP cleavage by β-secretase in experimental settings has largely depended on models that do not replicate the physiological conditions of this process. OBJECTIVE To establish a novel live cell-based β-secretase enzymatic assay utilizing a novel chimeric protein that incorporates the natural sequence of APP and more closely replicates its cleavage by β-secretase under physiological conditions. METHODS We have developed a chimeric protein construct, ASGβ, incorporating the β-site cleavage sequence of APP targeted by β-secretase and its intracellular trafficking signal into a Phosphatase-eGFP secreted reporter system. Upon cleavage by β-secretase, ASGβ releases a phosphatase-containing portion that can be measured in the culture medium, and an intracellular fraction that can be detected through Western Blot. Subsequently, we have generated a cell line stably expressing ASGβ that can be utilized to assay β-secretase in real time. RESULTS ASGβ is specifically targeted by β-secretase, being cleaved exclusively at the site responsible for the generation of Aβ. Dosage response to β-secretase inhibitors shows that β-secretase activity can be positively correlated to phosphatase activity in culture media. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest this system could be a high-throughput tool to screen compounds that aim to modulate β-secretase activity and Aβ production under physiological conditions, as well as evaluating factors that regulate this cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno De Araujo Herculano
- Department of Psychiatry, Townsend Family Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Townsend Family Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Weihong Song
- Department of Psychiatry, Townsend Family Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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27
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Westwood S, Baird AL, Hye A, Ashton NJ, Nevado-Holgado AJ, Anand SN, Liu B, Newby D, Bazenet C, Kiddle SJ, Ward M, Newton B, Desai K, Tan Hehir C, Zanette M, Galimberti D, Parnetti L, Lleó A, Baker S, Narayan VA, van der Flier WM, Scheltens P, Teunissen CE, Visser PJ, Lovestone S. Plasma Protein Biomarkers for the Prediction of CSF Amyloid and Tau and [ 18F]-Flutemetamol PET Scan Result. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:409. [PMID: 30618716 PMCID: PMC6297196 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Blood biomarkers may aid in recruitment to clinical trials of Alzheimer's disease (AD) modifying therapeutics by triaging potential trials participants for amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ and tau tests. Objective: To discover a plasma proteomic signature associated with CSF and PET measures of AD pathology. Methods: Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) based proteomics were performed in plasma from participants with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD, recruited to the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort, stratified by CSF Tau/Aβ42 (n = 50). Technical replication and independent validation were performed by immunoassay in plasma from SCD, MCI, and AD participants recruited to the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort with CSF measures (n = 100), MCI participants enrolled in the GE067-005 study with [18F]-Flutemetamol PET amyloid measures (n = 173), and AD, MCI and cognitively healthy participants from the EMIF 500 study with CSF Aβ42 measurements (n = 494). Results: 25 discovery proteins were nominally associated with CSF Tau/Aβ42 (P < 0.05) with associations of ficolin-2 (FCN2), apolipoprotein C-IV and fibrinogen β chain confirmed by immunoassay (P < 0.05). In the GE067-005 cohort, FCN2 was nominally associated with PET amyloid (P < 0.05) replicating the association with CSF Tau/Aβ42. There were nominally significant associations of complement component 3 with PET amyloid, and apolipoprotein(a), apolipoprotein A-I, ceruloplasmin, and PPY with MCI conversion to AD (all P < 0.05). In the EMIF 500 cohort FCN2 was trending toward a significant relationship with CSF Aβ42 (P ≈ 0.05), while both A1AT and clusterin were nominally significantly associated with CSF Aβ42 (both P < 0.05). Conclusion: Associations of plasma proteins with multiple measures of AD pathology and progression are demonstrated. To our knowledge this is the first study to report an association of FCN2 with AD pathology. Further testing of the proteins in larger independent cohorts will be important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Westwood
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alison L. Baird
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Abdul Hye
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kigndom
- Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Ashton
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kigndom
- Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | | | - Sneha N. Anand
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamine Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Danielle Newby
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Chantal Bazenet
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kigndom
| | - Steven J. Kiddle
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm Ward
- Proteomics Facility, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Newton
- GE Healthcare Life Sciences Core Imaging, London, United Kingdom
| | - Keyur Desai
- Biosciences, GE Global Research, Niskayuna, NY, United States
| | | | - Michelle Zanette
- GE Healthcare Life Sciences Core Imaging, Marlborough, MA, United States
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Centro Dino Ferrari, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucilla Parnetti
- Center for Memory Disorders and Laboratory of Clinical Neurochemistry, Neurology Clinic, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susan Baker
- Janssen Neuroscience Research & Development, Titusville, NJ, United States
| | - Vaibhav A. Narayan
- Janssen Neuroscience Research & Development, Titusville, NJ, United States
| | - Wiesje M. van der Flier
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E. Teunissen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Lab and Biobank, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Simon Lovestone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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28
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Kubánková M, López-Duarte I, Kiryushko D, Kuimova MK. Molecular rotors report on changes in live cell plasma membrane microviscosity upon interaction with beta-amyloid aggregates. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:9466-9474. [PMID: 30427370 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01633j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid deposits of aggregated beta-amyloid Aβ(1-42) peptides are a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. Aβ(1-42) aggregates are known to induce biophysical alterations in cells, including disruption of plasma membranes. We investigated the microviscosity of plasma membranes upon interaction with oligomeric and fibrillar forms of Aβ(1-42). Viscosity-sensing fluorophores termed molecular rotors were utilised to directly measure the microviscosities of giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs) and plasma membranes of live SH-SY5Y and HeLa cells. The fluorescence lifetimes of membrane-inserting BODIPY-based molecular rotors revealed a decrease in bilayer microviscosity upon incubation with Aβ(1-42) oligomers, while fibrillar Aβ(1-42) did not significantly affect the microviscosity of the bilayer. In addition, we demonstrate that the neuroprotective peptide H3 counteracts the microviscosity change induced by Aβ(1-42) oligomers, suggesting the utility of H3 as a neuroprotective therapeutic agent in neurodegenerative disorders and indicating that ligand-induced membrane stabilisation may be a possible mechanism of neuroprotection during neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markéta Kubánková
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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29
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Parameterization of a coarse-grained model of cholesterol with point-dipole electrostatics. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2018; 32:1259-1271. [DOI: 10.1007/s10822-018-0164-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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30
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Singh J, Peric M. Interaction of the β amyloid - Aβ(25-35) - peptide with zwitterionic and negatively charged vesicles with and without cholesterol. Chem Phys Lipids 2018; 216:39-47. [PMID: 30222975 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The interactions of the Alzheimer's β-amyloid peptide, Aβ(25-35), with 18:1 (Δ9-Cis) PC 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC), L-α-phosphatidylcholine (EPC), 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) (sodium salt) (DOPG), and L-α-phosphatidylglycerol (EPG) phospholipid vesicles with and without cholesterol (Ch) are studied by the nitroxide spin probe electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) method. Two nitroxide spin probes, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-1-oxyl-4-yl hexadecanoate (TP, TEMPO-Palmitate) and 2-Ethyl-2-(15-methoxy-15-oxopentadecyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-oxazolidinyloxy (16-DSE), are utilized in the study. TEMPO-Palmitate has the reporting EPR moiety located at the top of this spin probe, while 16-DSE has the reporting EPR moiety located at the tail of the spin probe. These two probes enable us to sample the surface and the middle of the phospholipid bilayer, respectively. All EPR measurements are done above the melting points of all four phospholipids when the bilayer is in the liquid crystal phase, the physiologically relevant phase. Due to non-linear spectral line fitting, the EPR spectral parameters are extracted with high precision. The results show that there are two populations of Aβ(25-35) and that one of them is located in the hydrophobic phospholipid layer below the hydrophilic headgroup region. The second population appears to be weakly coupled to the surface of the bilayer. Both hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions affect the insertion of Aβ(25-35) in the bilayer. Also, there is strong evidence for an interaction between cholesterol and Aβ(25-35), which affects the dielectric and dynamic properties of the bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmeet Singh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and The Center for Supramolecular Studies, California State University at Northridge, Northridge, California 91330, United States
| | - Miroslav Peric
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and The Center for Supramolecular Studies, California State University at Northridge, Northridge, California 91330, United States.
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31
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Insulin–eukaryotic model membrane interaction: Mechanistic insight of insulin fibrillation and membrane disruption. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:1917-1926. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that statins use is associated with risk of dementia, but presented controversial results. Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Database were searched update to November 2017 to identify the potential relationship between statins use and dementia. Thirty-one eligible studies involving a total of 3332,706 participants with 184,666 incident cases were included in this meta-analysis. Statins use was associated with dementia risk decrement (relevant risk [RR]: 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80-0.89). Subgroup analysis showed statins use was associated with Alzheimer disease (AD) (RR: 0.81; 95% CI, 0.73-0.89) and non-AD dementia (RR: 0.81; 95% CI, 0.73-0.89) risk decrement. Furthermore, statins use was associated with dementia risk decrement in female (RR: 0.89; 95% CI, 0.80-0.98) and male (RR: 0.88; 95% CI, 0.83-0.93). In addition, a dose-response showed per 1 year of duration of statins use incremental increase was associated with 20% dementia risk decrement (RR: 0.80; 95% CI, 0.73-0.87), and per 5-mg mean daily dose incremental increase in statins use was associated with 11% dementia risk decrement (RR: 0.89; 95% CI, 0.83-0.96). Statins use was associated with dementia risk decrement. The potency and the cumulative duration of statin utilized played critical roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of General Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University School of Rehabilitation Medicine, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Boai Hospital, Beijing
| | - Jianzhong Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Community Chronic Disease Research Center, Institute of Chinese Basic Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Cheng Q, Hu ZW, Doherty KE, Tobin-Miyaji YJ, Qiang W. The on-fibrillation-pathway membrane content leakage and off-fibrillation-pathway lipid mixing induced by 40-residue β-amyloid peptides in biologically relevant model liposomes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:1670-1680. [PMID: 29548698 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of the synaptic plasma membrane (SPM) induced by the aggregation of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides has been considered as a potential mechanism for the neurotoxicity of Aβ in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the molecular basis of such membrane disruption process remains unclear, mainly because of the severe systematic heterogeneity problem that prevents the high-resolution studies. Our previous studies using a two-component phosphatidylcholine (PC)/phosphatidylglycerol (PG) model liposome showed the presence of Aβ-induced membrane disruptions that were either on the pathway or off the pathway of fibril formation. The present study focuses on a more biologically relevant model membrane with compositions that mimic the outer leaflet of SPMs. The main findings are: (1) the two competing membrane disruption effects discovered in PC/PG liposomes and their general peptide-to-lipid-molar-ratio dependence persist in the more complicated membrane models; (2) the SPM-mimic membrane promotes the formation of certain "on-fibrillation-pathway" intermediates with higher α-helical structural population, which lead to more rapid and significant of membrane content leakage; (3) although the "on-fibrillation-pathway" intermediate structures show dependence on membrane compositions, there seems to be a common final fibril structure grown from different liposomes, suggesting that there may be a predominant fibril structure for 40-residue Aβ (i.e. Aβ40) peptides in biologically-relevant membranes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Protein Aggregation and Misfolding at the Cell Membrane Interface edited by Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States
| | - Zhi-Wen Hu
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States
| | - Katelynne E Doherty
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States
| | - Yuto J Tobin-Miyaji
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States
| | - Wei Qiang
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States.
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34
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Zandl-Lang M, Fanaee-Danesh E, Sun Y, Albrecher NM, Gali CC, Čančar I, Kober A, Tam-Amersdorfer C, Stracke A, Storck SM, Saeed A, Stefulj J, Pietrzik CU, Wilson MR, Björkhem I, Panzenboeck U. Regulatory effects of simvastatin and apoJ on APP processing and amyloid-β clearance in blood-brain barrier endothelial cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:40-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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35
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Kreilaus F, Spiro AS, Hannan AJ, Garner B, Jenner AM. Therapeutic Effects of Anthocyanins and Environmental Enrichment in R6/1 Huntington's Disease Mice. J Huntingtons Dis 2017; 5:285-296. [PMID: 27567888 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-160204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with no effective treatment or cure. Environmental enrichment has been used to slow processes leading to ageing and neurodegenerative diseases including HD. Phenolic phytochemicals including anthocyanins have also been shown to improve brain function in ageing and neurodegenerative diseases. OBJECTIVE This study examined the effects of anthocyanin dietary supplementation and environmental enrichment on behavioural phenotypes and brain cholesterol metabolic alterations in the R6/1 mouse model of HD. METHODS R6/1 HD mice and their wild-type littermate controls were randomised into the different experimental conditions, involving either environmentally enriched versus standard housing conditions, or anthocyanin versus control diet. Motor dysfunction was assessed from 6 to 26 weeks using the RotaRod and the hind-paw clasping tests. Gas chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantify a broad range of sterols in the striatum and cortex of R6/1 HD mice. RESULTS Anthocyanin dietary supplementation delayed the onset of motor dysfunction in female HD mice. Environmental enrichment improved motor function and the hind paw clasping phenotype in male HD mice only. These mice also had lower levels of cholesterol oxidation products in the cortex compared to standard-housed mice. CONCLUSION Both anthocyanin supplementation and environmental enrichment are able to improve the motor dysfunction phenotype of R6/1 mice, however the effectiveness of these interventions was different between the two sexes. The interventions examined did not alter brain cholesterol metabolic deficits that have been reported previously in this mouse model of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Kreilaus
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Adena S Spiro
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony J Hannan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Brett Garner
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew M Jenner
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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36
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Membrane-Accelerated Amyloid-β Aggregation and Formation of Cross-β Sheets. MEMBRANES 2017; 7:membranes7030049. [PMID: 28858214 PMCID: PMC5618134 DOI: 10.3390/membranes7030049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid- β aggregates play a causative role in Alzheimer's disease. These aggregates are a product of the physical environment provided by the basic neuronal membrane, composed of a lipid bilayer. The intrinsic properties of the lipid bilayer allow amyloid- β peptides to nucleate and form well-ordered cross- β sheets within the membrane. Here, we correlate the aggregation of the hydrophobic fragment of the amyloid- β protein, A β 25 - 35 , with the hydrophobicity, fluidity, and charge density of a lipid bilayer. We summarize recent biophysical studies of model membranes and relate these to the process of aggregation in physiological systems.
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37
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Saeedi Saravi SS, Saeedi Saravi SS, Arefidoust A, Dehpour AR. The beneficial effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors in the processes of neurodegeneration. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:949-965. [PMID: 28578514 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0021-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Statins, cholesterol lowering drugs, have been demonstrated to exert beneficial effects in other conditions such as primary and progressing neurodegenerative diseases beyond their original role. Observation that statins ameliorate the neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), multiple sclerosis (MS) and cerebral ischemic stroke, the neuroprotective effects of these drugs are thought to be linked to their anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-excitotoxic properties. Despite the voluminous literature on the clinical advantages of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Co-enzyme A reductase (HMGCR) inhibitors (statins) in cardiovascular system, the neuroprotective effects and the underlying mechanisms are little understood. Hence, the present review tries to provide a critical overview on the statin-induced neuroprotection, which are presumed to be associated with the ability to reduce cholesterol, Amyloid-β and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) levels, decrease reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) formation, inhibit excitotoxicity, modulate matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), stimulate endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and increase cerebral blood perfusion. This review is also aimed to illustrate that statins protect neurons against the neuro-inflammatory processes through balancing pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines. Ultimately, the beneficial role of statins in ameliorating the development of PD, AD, MS and cerebral ischemic stroke has been separately reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Soheil Saeedi Saravi
- Department of Toxicology-Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Sobhan Saeedi Saravi
- Department of Toxicology-Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Alireza Arefidoust
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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38
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Chakraborty A, de Wit NM, van der Flier WM, de Vries HE. The blood brain barrier in Alzheimer's disease. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 89:12-18. [PMID: 27894893 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, affecting millions of people worldwide. One of the prominent causative factors of AD pathogenesis is cerebral vascular dysfunction, which results in diminished cerebral perfusion. Moreover, due to the loss of the protective function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), impaired clearance of excess neurotoxic amyloid beta (Aβ) occurs, causing vascular perturbation and diminished cognitive functioning. The relationship between the prevalence of AD and vascular risk factors is complex and not fully understood. In this review we illustrate the vascular risk factors, their effects on BBB function and their contributions to the onset of AD. Additionally, we discuss the underlying factors that may lead to altered neurovascular function and/or cerebral hypoperfusion in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chakraborty
- Blood-brain barrier research group, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007, MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - N M de Wit
- Blood-brain barrier research group, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007, MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W M van der Flier
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands;; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - H E de Vries
- Blood-brain barrier research group, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007, MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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39
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Ungureanu AA, Benilova I, Krylychkina O, Braeken D, De Strooper B, Van Haesendonck C, Dotti CG, Bartic C. Amyloid beta oligomers induce neuronal elasticity changes in age-dependent manner: a force spectroscopy study on living hippocampal neurons. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25841. [PMID: 27173984 PMCID: PMC4865860 DOI: 10.1038/srep25841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Small soluble species of amyloid-beta (Aβ) formed during early peptide aggregation stages are responsible for several neurotoxic mechanisms relevant to the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), although their interaction with the neuronal membrane is not completely understood. This study quantifies the changes in the neuronal membrane elasticity induced by treatment with the two most common Aβ isoforms found in AD brains: Aβ40 and Aβ42. Using quantitative atomic force microscopy (AFM), we measured for the first time the static elastic modulus of living primary hippocampal neurons treated with pre-aggregated Aβ40 and Aβ42 soluble species. Our AFM results demonstrate changes in the elasticity of young, mature and aged neurons treated for a short time with the two Aβ species pre-aggregated for 2 hours. Neurons aging under stress conditions, showing aging hallmarks, are the most susceptible to amyloid binding and show the largest decrease in membrane stiffness upon Aβ treatment. Membrane stiffness defines the way in which cells respond to mechanical forces in their environment and has been shown to be important for processes such as gene expression, ion-channel gating and neurotransmitter vesicle transport. Thus, one can expect that changes in neuronal membrane elasticity might directly induce functional changes related to neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea-Alexandra Ungureanu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium.,imec, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Iryna Benilova
- VIB Center for the Biology of Diseases, ON 4 Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Bart De Strooper
- VIB Center for the Biology of Diseases, ON 4 Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Van Haesendonck
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carlos G Dotti
- VIB Center for the Biology of Diseases, ON 4 Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium.,CSIC, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Campus Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Bartic
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium.,imec, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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40
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Delgado DA, Doherty K, Cheng Q, Kim H, Xu D, Dong H, Grewer C, Qiang W. Distinct Membrane Disruption Pathways Are Induced by 40-Residue β-Amyloid Peptides. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:12233-44. [PMID: 27056326 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.720656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular membrane disruption induced by β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides has been considered one of the major pathological mechanisms for Alzheimer disease. Mechanistic studies of the membrane disruption process at a high-resolution level, on the other hand, are hindered by the co-existence of multiple possible pathways, even in simplified model systems such as the phospholipid liposome. Therefore, separation of these pathways is crucial to achieve an in-depth understanding of the Aβ-induced membrane disruption process. This study, which utilized a combination of multiple biophysical techniques, shows that the peptide-to-lipid (P:L) molar ratio is an important factor that regulates the selection of dominant membrane disruption pathways in the presence of 40-residue Aβ peptides in liposomes. Three distinct pathways (fibrillation with membrane content leakage, vesicle fusion, and lipid uptake through a temporarily stable ionic channel) become dominant in model liposome systems under specific conditions. These individual systems are characterized by both the initial states of Aβ peptides and the P:L molar ratio. Our results demonstrated the possibility to generate simplified Aβ-membrane model systems with a homogeneous membrane disruption pathway, which will benefit high-resolution mechanistic studies in the future. Fundamentally, the possibility of pathway selection controlled by P:L suggests that the driving forces for Aβ aggregation and Aβ-membrane interactions may be similar at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis A Delgado
- From the Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902 and
| | - Katelynne Doherty
- From the Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902 and
| | - Qinghui Cheng
- From the Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902 and
| | - Hyeongeun Kim
- From the Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902 and
| | - Dawei Xu
- the Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699
| | - He Dong
- the Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699
| | - Christof Grewer
- From the Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902 and
| | - Wei Qiang
- From the Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902 and
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41
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Li X, Bao X, Wang R. Experimental models of Alzheimer's disease for deciphering the pathogenesis and therapeutic screening (Review). Int J Mol Med 2015; 37:271-83. [PMID: 26676932 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of laboratory and clinical research, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still the leading cause of dementia in adults and there are no curative therapies currently available for this disease. This may be due to the pathological features of AD, which include extensive extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, as well as subsequent neuronal and synaptic loss, which begin to appear several years prior to memory loss and the damge is already irreversible and extensive at the time of clinical diagnosis. The poor therapeutic effects of current treatments necessitate the introduction of experimental models able to replicate AD pathology, particularly in the pre-symptomatic stage, and then to explore preventive and therapeutic strategies. In response to this necessity, various experimental models reproducing human AD pathology have been developed, which are also useful tools for therapeutic screening. Although none of these models fully reproduce the key features of human AD, the experimental models do provide important insight into the pathological changes which occur in AD. This review summarizes the commonly used experimental models of AD and also discusses how the models may be used to decipher the pathogenesis underlying AD and to screen novel therapies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyuan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongdan, Dong Cheng, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
| | - Xinjie Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongdan, Dong Cheng, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
| | - Renzhi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongdan, Dong Cheng, Beijing 100005, P.R. China
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42
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Numakura Y, Miura T. Disperse Orange 3 as a resonance Raman probe for measuring membrane order. FEBS Open Bio 2015; 5:859-63. [PMID: 26636028 PMCID: PMC4637360 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Resonance Raman spectra of azobenzene derivatives were examined in the presence of lipid membranes to find a probe that can distinguish different membrane phases. The NO2 symmetric stretching band of 4-(4-nitrophenylazo)aniline, also known as Disperse Orange 3 (DO3), is downshifted by about 4 cm(-1) on the phase transition of phosphatidylcholine membranes from the liquid crystalline to the gel phase. A comparable downshift also occurs when DO3 is bound to cholesterol-containing membranes in the liquid-ordered phase. Our results demonstrate that Raman spectrum of DO3 is a unique tool for measuring the molecular order of lipids in membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Numakura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takashi Miura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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43
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Ermondi G, Catalano F, Vallaro M, Ermondi I, Leal MC, Rinaldi L, Visentin S, Caron G. Lipophilicity of amyloid β-peptide 12–28 and 25–35 to unravel their ability to promote hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. Int J Pharm 2015; 495:179-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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44
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Nandi S, Malishev R, Parambath Kootery K, Mirsky Y, Kolusheva S, Jelinek R. Membrane analysis with amphiphilic carbon dots. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:10299-302. [PMID: 25057851 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03504f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Newly-synthesized amphiphilic carbon dots were used for spectroscopic analysis and multicolour microscopic imaging of membranes and live cells. We show that Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) occurred from the amphiphilic carbon dots to different membrane-associated fluorescence acceptors. The amphiphilic carbon dots enabled imaging of membrane disruption by the beta-amyloid peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhendu Nandi
- Department of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel.
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45
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Suzuki M, Miura T. Effect of amyloid β-peptide on the fluidity of phosphatidylcholine membranes: Uses and limitations of diphenylhexatriene fluorescence anisotropy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:753-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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46
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Seghezza S, Diaspro A, Canale C, Dante S. Cholesterol drives aβ(1-42) interaction with lipid rafts in model membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:13934-13941. [PMID: 25360827 DOI: 10.1021/la502966m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism at the basis of the neurodegenerative process related to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is triggered by the local composition of the neural plasma membrane. The role of cholesterol is controversial. In this investigation the interaction of the AD peptide amyloid-beta (1-42) with model membranes containing lipid rafts has been investigated by atomic force microscopy techniques. Supported lipid membranes made of phospholipids/sphingomyelin/cholesterol have been investigated as a function of the molar content of cholesterol, in a range spanning the phase diagram of the lipid system. The administration of amyloid-beta induced a phase reorganization of the lipid domains, when the cholesterol molar fraction was below 5%. At the same time, a mechanical destabilization and an appreciable thinning of the membrane induced by the peptide were detected. The major interaction was observed in the presence of the gel phase Lβ, and was enhanced by a low cholesterol amount. With the appearance of the liquid ordered phase Lo, the effect was hindered. At high cholesterol content (20% mol), no detectable effects in the bilayer morphology or in its mechanical stability were recorded. These findings give new insights on the molecular mechanism of the amyloid/membrane interaction, highlighting the peculiar role of cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Seghezza
- Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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47
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Neha, Sodhi RK, Jaggi AS, Singh N. Animal models of dementia and cognitive dysfunction. Life Sci 2014; 109:73-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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48
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Veitinger M, Varga B, Guterres SB, Zellner M. Platelets, a reliable source for peripheral Alzheimer's disease biomarkers? Acta Neuropathol Commun 2014; 2:65. [PMID: 24934666 PMCID: PMC4229876 DOI: 10.1186/2051-5960-2-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral biomarkers play an indispensable role in quick and reliable diagnoses of any kind of disease. With the population ageing, the number of people suffering from age-related diseases is expected to rise dramatically over the coming decades. In particular, all types of cognitive deficits, such as Alzheimer's disease, will increase. Alzheimer's disease is characterised mainly by coexistence of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in brain. Reliable identification of such molecular characteristics antemortem, however, is problematic due to restricted availability of appropriate sample material and definitive diagnosis is only possible postmortem. Currently, the best molecular biomarkers available for antemortem diagnosis originate from cerebrospinal fluid. Though, this is not convenient for routine diagnosis because of the required invasive lumbar puncture. As a consequence, there is a growing demand for additional peripheral biomarkers in a more readily accessible sample material. Blood platelets, due to shared biochemical properties with neurons, can constitute an attractive alternative as discussed here. This review summarises potential platelet Alzheimer's disease biomarkers, their role, implication, and alteration in the disease. For easy comparison of their performance, the Hedge effect size was calculated whenever data were available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Veitinger
- />Institute of Physiology, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090 Vienna, EU, Austria
| | - Balazs Varga
- />Institute of Physiology, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090 Vienna, EU, Austria
| | - Sheila B Guterres
- />Institute of Physiology, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090 Vienna, EU, Austria
- />Institute of Chemistry at São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Zellner
- />Institute of Physiology, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090 Vienna, EU, Austria
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49
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Dies H, Toppozini L, Rheinstädter MC. The interaction between amyloid-β peptides and anionic lipid membranes containing cholesterol and melatonin. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99124. [PMID: 24915524 PMCID: PMC4051683 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease is the formation of senile plaques, primarily consisting of amyloid- (A) peptides. Peptide-membrane and peptide-lipid interactions are thought to be crucial in this process. We studied the interaction of A and A peptides with anionic lipid membranes made of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and dimyristoylphosphoserine (DMPS) using X-ray diffraction. We compare the experimentally determined electron densities in the gel state of the membranes with density calculations from peptide structures reported in the Protein Data Bank in order to determine the position of the peptide in the bilayers. The full length peptide A was found to embed in the hydrocarbon core of the anionic lipid bilayers. Two populations were found for the A peptide: (1) membrane-bound states in the hydrophilic head group region of the bilayers, where the peptides align parallel to the membranes, and (2) an embedded state in the bilayer center. Aging plays an important role in the development of Alzheimer's, in particular with respect to changes in cholesterol and melatonin levels in the brain tissue. Immiscible cholesterol plaques were created by addition of 30 mol% cholesterol to the anionic membranes. The A peptides were found to strongly interact with the lipid bilayers, displacing further cholesterol molecules into the plaques, effectively lowering the cholesterol concentration in the membranes and increasing the total fraction of cholesterol plaques. Addition of 30 mol% melatonin molecules to the anionic membranes drastically reduced the population of the membrane-embedded A state. These results present experimental evidence for an interaction between A peptides, melatonin and cholesterol in lipid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Dies
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Toppozini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maikel C. Rheinstädter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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50
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Wood WG, Li L, Müller WE, Eckert GP. Cholesterol as a causative factor in Alzheimer's disease: a debatable hypothesis. J Neurochem 2014; 129:559-72. [PMID: 24329875 PMCID: PMC3999290 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
High serum/plasma cholesterol levels have been suggested as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Some reports, mostly retrospective epidemiological studies, have observed a decreased prevalence of AD in patients taking the cholesterol lowering drugs, statins. The strongest evidence causally linking cholesterol to AD is provided by experimental studies showing that adding/reducing cholesterol alters amyloid precursor protein (APP) and amyloid beta-protein (Ab) levels. However, there are problems with the cholesterol-AD hypothesis. Cholesterol levels in serum/plasma and brain of AD patients do not support cholesterol as a causative factor in AD.Prospective studies on statins and AD have largely failed to show efficacy. Even the experimental data are open to interpretation given that it is well-established that modification of cholesterol levels has effects on multiple proteins, not only amyloid precursor protein and Ab. The purpose of this review, therefore, was to examine the above-mentioned issues, discuss the pros and cons of the cholesterol-AD hypothesis, involvement of other lipids in the mevalonate pathway, and consider that AD may impact cholesterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Gibson Wood
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VAMC, Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Walter E. Müller
- Department of Pharmacology, Biocenter Niederursel, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-St. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gunter P. Eckert
- Department of Pharmacology, Biocenter Niederursel, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-St. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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