1
|
Anaraki MT, Lysak DH, Downey K, Kock FVC, You X, Majumdar RD, Barison A, Lião LM, Ferreira AG, Decker V, Goerling B, Spraul M, Godejohann M, Helm PA, Kleywegt S, Jobst K, Soong R, Simpson MJ, Simpson AJ. NMR spectroscopy of wastewater: A review, case study, and future potential. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 126-127:121-180. [PMID: 34852923 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy is arguably the most powerful tool for the study of molecular structures and interactions, and is increasingly being applied to environmental research, such as the study of wastewater. With over 97% of the planet's water being saltwater, and two thirds of freshwater being frozen in the ice caps and glaciers, there is a significant need to maintain and reuse the remaining 1%, which is a precious resource, critical to the sustainability of most life on Earth. Sanitation and reutilization of wastewater is an important method of water conservation, especially in arid regions, making the understanding of wastewater itself, and of its treatment processes, a highly relevant area of environmental research. Here, the benefits, challenges and subtleties of using NMR spectroscopy for the analysis of wastewater are considered. First, the techniques available to overcome the specific challenges arising from the nature of wastewater (which is a complex and dilute matrix), including an examination of sample preparation and NMR techniques (such as solvent suppression), in both the solid and solution states, are discussed. Then, the arsenal of available NMR techniques for both structure elucidation (e.g., heteronuclear, multidimensional NMR, homonuclear scalar coupling-based experiments) and the study of intermolecular interactions (e.g., diffusion, nuclear Overhauser and saturation transfer-based techniques) in wastewater are examined. Examples of wastewater NMR studies from the literature are reviewed and potential areas for future research are identified. Organized by nucleus, this review includes the common heteronuclei (13C, 15N, 19F, 31P, 29Si) as well as other environmentally relevant nuclei and metals such as 27Al, 51V, 207Pb and 113Cd, among others. Further, the potential of additional NMR methods such as comprehensive multiphase NMR, NMR microscopy and hyphenated techniques (for example, LC-SPE-NMR-MS) for advancing the current understanding of wastewater are discussed. In addition, a case study that combines natural abundance (i.e. non-concentrated), targeted and non-targeted NMR to characterize wastewater, along with in vivo based NMR to understand its toxicity, is included. The study demonstrates that, when applied comprehensively, NMR can provide unique insights into not just the structure, but also potential impacts, of wastewater and wastewater treatment processes. Finally, low-field NMR, which holds considerable future potential for on-site wastewater monitoring, is briefly discussed. In summary, NMR spectroscopy is one of the most versatile tools in modern science, with abilities to study all phases (gases, liquids, gels and solids), chemical structures, interactions, interfaces, toxicity and much more. The authors hope this review will inspire more scientists to embrace NMR, given its huge potential for both wastewater analysis in particular and environmental research in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Tabatabaei Anaraki
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Daniel H Lysak
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Katelyn Downey
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Flávio Vinicius Crizóstomo Kock
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos-SP (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Xiang You
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Rudraksha D Majumdar
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada; Synex Medical, 2 Bloor Street E, Suite 310, Toronto, ON M4W 1A8, Canada
| | - Andersson Barison
- NMR Center, Federal University of Paraná, CP 19081, 81530-900 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Luciano Morais Lião
- NMR Center, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil
| | | | - Venita Decker
- Bruker Biospin GmbH, Silberstreifen 4, 76287 Rheinstetten, Germany
| | | | - Manfred Spraul
- Bruker Biospin GmbH, Silberstreifen 4, 76287 Rheinstetten, Germany
| | | | - Paul A Helm
- Environmental Monitoring & Reporting Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Toronto M9P 3V6, Canada
| | - Sonya Kleywegt
- Technical Assessment and Standards Development Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Toronto, ON M4V 1M2, Canada
| | - Karl Jobst
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Ronald Soong
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Myrna J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Andre J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C1A4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Olsvik PA, Azad AM, Yadetie F. Bioaccumulation of mercury and transcriptional responses in tusk (Brosme brosme), a deep-water fish from a Norwegian fjord. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 279:130588. [PMID: 33901891 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High concentrations of mercury (Hg) have been documented in deep-water fish species from some Norwegian fjords. In this study, tusk (Brosme brosme) was sampled from four locations in the innermost parts of Sognefjorden in Western Norway. Total Hg and methylmercury (MeHg) levels were measured in liver tissue. To search for potential sublethal effects of Hg, we characterized the hepatic transcriptome in tusk with high and low levels of Hg bioaccumulation using global transcriptomics analysis (RNA-seq). The results showed that there was a significant correlation between fish weight and accumulated concentrations of MeHg but not total Hg. MeHg accounted for 30-40% of total Hg in liver of most of the fish, although at concentrations above 2-3 mg Hg/kg wet weight the percentage of MeHg dropped considerably. Transcriptome analysis resulted in hundreds of differentially expressed genes in the liver of tusk with high Hg levels. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that the top affected pathways are associated with protein folding, adipogenesis, notch signaling, and lipid metabolism (beta-oxidation and phospholipids). Based on transcriptional responses pointing to well-known effects of Hg compounds in fish, the study suggests that tusk in Sognefjorden could be negatively impacted by Hg bioaccumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pål A Olsvik
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway; Institute of Marine Research, Nordnes, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Atabak M Azad
- Institute of Marine Research, Nordnes, Bergen, Norway
| | - Fekadu Yadetie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu C, Ralston NVC. Seafood and health: What you need to know? ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2021; 97:275-318. [PMID: 34311902 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Seafood, including fish and shellfish, provides an ideal package of nutrients and is an important part of a healthy diet. Strong evidence has shown that eating fish and other seafoods improve brain, eye, and heart health. The new 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommend that Americans of all ages should eat more seafood-at least twice a week-particularly pregnant women and young children. However, less than one in five Americans heed that advice. About one-third of Americans eat seafood once a week, while nearly half eat fish only occasionally or not at all. This calls for a drastic shift in the American diet to vary protein sources and include more seafood products in order to receive the most health benefits. This chapter covers (1) seafood nutrition and health benefits, (2) seafood's protective effects against mercury toxicity, (3) selenium health benefit values (HBVs), and (4) challenges and opportunities for seafood production, demand and sustainability. This chapter aims to convey recent advances in science-based information to increase public awareness of seafood safety, nutrition and health benefits of seafood as part of a healthy diet, and to advocate healthy eating with smart food choices by promoting two servings of seafood per week. This will support the healthy eating patterns and promotes a minimum two to three servings of seafood recommended by the current DGA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengchu Liu
- University of Maryland-UME Sea Grant Extension Program, Center for Food Science and Technology, Princess Anne, MD, United States.
| | - Nicholas V C Ralston
- Earth System Science and Policy, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Costa F, Coelho JP, Baptista J, Martinho F, Pereira ME, Pardal MA. Mercury accumulation in fish species along the Portuguese coast: Are there potential risks to human health? MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 150:110740. [PMID: 31780086 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper aimed at evaluating the total mercury content in five common fish species from the western European Atlantic coastal waters, and the associated risk of consumption. Mercury concentrations in muscle of Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus), Atlantic chub mackerel (Scomber colias), European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus), Atlantic horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) and European pilchard (Sardina pilchardus) ranged from 0.003 to 0.20 mg kg-1 wet weight, and no significant differences were observed between the average concentration in each species. A significant increasing trend in mercury content with fish size was observed for all species (except for European anchovy), suggesting mercury bioaccumulation throughout their life cycle. Still, the mercury content was far below the European Food Safety Authority and World Health Organization food safety thresholds in all species, highlighting the low risk to human health due to the ingestion of these species and the importance of consumer options for risk reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Costa
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - João P Coelho
- Department of Biology & CESAM & ECOMARE, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Baptista
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Filipe Martinho
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria E Pereira
- Department of Chemistry and CESAM/REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Miguel A Pardal
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pessanha de Carvalho L, Held J, de Melo EJT. Essential and nonessential metal effects on extracellular Leishmania amazonensis in vitro. Exp Parasitol 2019; 209:107826. [PMID: 31881207 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2019.107826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Protozoan parasites like Leishmania amazonensis are excellent models to test the effects of new drugs against a functional molecular arsenal used to establish successfully an infection in the vertebrate host, where they invade the cells of the monocytic system. However, little is known about the influence of metal ions on the cellular functionality of the infective forms of L. amazonensis. In the present work, we show that ZnCl2 (an essential metal to cellular metabolism) did not induce drastic effects on the survival of the promastigote under the conditions tested. However, incubation of ZnCl2 prior to subsequent treatment with CdCl2 and HgCl2 led to a drastic toxic effect on parasite survival in vitro. Nonessential metals such as CdCl2 and HgCl2 promoted a drastic effect on parasite survival progressively with increasing dose and time of exposure. Notably, HgCl2 produced an effective elimination of the parasite in doses/time smaller than the CdCl2. This toxic action induced in the parasite a high condensation of the nuclear heterochromatin, besides the absence or de-structuring of functional organelles such as glycosomes, acidocalcisomes, and mitochondria in the cytoplasm. Our results suggest that promastigotes of L. amazonensis are sensitive to the toxic activity of nonessential metals, and that this activity increases when parasites are previously exposed to Zn. To summarize, toxic effects of the tested metals are dose and time dependent and can be used as a study model to better understand the functionality of the molecular arsenal responsible for the parasitism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laís Pessanha de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, State University of Northern Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000 - Parque California, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, 28013-602, Brazil; Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Jana Held
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Edésio José Tenório de Melo
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, State University of Northern Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000 - Parque California, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, 28013-602, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
de Carvalho LP, de Melo EJT. Autophagic elimination of Trypanosoma cruzi in the presence of metals. J Microbiol 2019; 57:918-926. [PMID: 31463789 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-019-9018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is an obligate intracellular parasite transmitted to vertebrate hosts by blood-sucking insects. Molecules present in parasites and mammalian cells allow the recognition and parasite internalization. Metallic ions play an essential role in the establishment and maintenance of host-parasite interaction. However, little is known about how parasites handle with essential and nonessential metal quotas. This study aimed to investigate the influence of metal ions on the biological processes of T. cruzi infected cells. Infected cells were incubated with ZnCl2, CdCl2, and HgCl2 for 12 h and labeled with different specific dyes to investigate the cellular events related to intracellular parasite death and elimination. Infected host cells and parasite's mitochondria underwent functional and structural disorders, in addition to parasite's DNA condensation and pH decrease on host cells, which led to parasite death. Further investigations suggested that lysosomes were involved in pH decrease and the double membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum formed vacuoles surrounding damaged parasites, which indicate the occurrence of autophagy for parasite elimination. In conclusion, low concentrations of nonessential and essential metals cause a series of damage to Trypanosoma cruzi organelles, leading to its loss of viability, death, and elimination, with no removal of the host cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laís Pessanha de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, State University of North Fluminense - Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Edésio José Tenório de Melo
- Laboratory of Tissue and Cell Biology, State University of North Fluminense - Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mercury's neurotoxicity is characterized by its disruption of selenium biochemistry. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2405-2416. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
8
|
Intracellular development of Trypanosoma cruzi in the presence of metals. J Parasit Dis 2018; 42:372-381. [PMID: 30166784 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-018-1010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is transmitted to vertebrate hosts during the feeding of blood-sucking insects. After the invasion of host cells, the parasite resides within the parasitophorous vacuole until to escape to host cytoplasm and to proliferate, establishing an infection. Studies demonstrated that some intracellular parasites have to acquire all essential nutrients as well as transition metals from the host cell to be pathogenic, to maintain the homeostasis and to replicate. The present study investigated the progressive steps of the intracellular parasite development and establishment of infection in the presence of ZnCl2, CdCl2 and HgCl2. LLC-MK2 cells were infected with trypomastigotes during 6-84 h to investigate the steps of intracellular parasite development. After the host cells were infected during 12 h and treated with metals during 24 or 60 h or they were treated for 24 h and cultured for 72 h more to observe the reversibility. The results showed that the non-synchronous invasion of trypomastigotes resulted in an increasing number of intracellular parasites in intermediary forms (until 24 h post-infection), the appearance (from 36 h) and proliferation (84 h) of the amastigotes. The 24 h-treatments were not enough to impair parasite escape to the host cytoplasm and reproduction. However, 60 h of incubations led to a significant reduction in parasite numbers, as well as the reversibility assays. In conclusion, new insights about the intracellular T. cruzi development in the presence of metals were provided, and further studies should be performed to investigate the events involved in parasite death and elimination.
Collapse
|
9
|
Life and death of Trypanosoma cruzi in presence of metals. Biometals 2017; 30:955-974. [PMID: 29081021 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-017-0064-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi has many molecules that need metallic elements to work, allowing cell invasion and the establishment of infection, causing Chagas disease. Nonetheless, knowledge regarding how the parasites address metals and maintain homeostasis is lacking. To study this relationship, zinc, cadmium and mercury were chosen. Epimastigote, trypomastigote and intracellular forms of T. cruzi were incubated with these metals for different times and at different concentrations. In general, epimastigotes were the most sensitive and trypomastigotes the most resistant to metals. ZnCl2 induced low toxic effects to all parasite forms. Although the parasites were very sensitive to the toxic effects of CdCl2 and HgCl2, pretreatment with ZnCl2 decreased the death rate. The trypomastigotes pretreated with CdCl2 were unable to infect the host cells, and the treated intracellular forms were damaged after 2 h of incubation, when the toxic effects were poorly reverted. New insights on metal toxicity mechanisms are provided, helping to understand how metallic ions influence the parasite's biochemical and physiological processes.
Collapse
|
10
|
Flórez E, Maldonado AF, Aucar GA, David J, Restrepo A. Microsolvation of methylmercury: structures, energies, bonding and NMR constants (199Hg,13C and17O). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:1537-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04826e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hartree–Fock (HF) and second order perturbation theory (MP2) calculations within the scalar and full relativistic frames were carried out in order to determine the equilibrium geometries and interaction energies between cationic methylmercury (CH3Hg+) and up to three water molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edison Flórez
- Instituto de Química
- Universidad de Antioquia UdeA
- Medellín
- Colombia
| | - Alejandro F. Maldonado
- Physics Department
- Natural and Exact Science Faculty
- Northeastern University of Argentina and Institute of Modelling and Innovation on Technology
- IMIT
- Corrientes
| | - Gustavo A. Aucar
- Physics Department
- Natural and Exact Science Faculty
- Northeastern University of Argentina and Institute of Modelling and Innovation on Technology
- IMIT
- Corrientes
| | - Jorge David
- Departamento de Ciencias Físicas
- Universidad EAFIT
- Medellín
- Colombia
| | - Albeiro Restrepo
- Instituto de Química
- Universidad de Antioquia UdeA
- Medellín
- Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Stirpe A, Pantusa M, Guzzi R, Bartucci R, Sportelli L. Chain interdigitation in DPPC bilayers induced by HgCl2: Evidences from continuous wave and pulsed EPR. Chem Phys Lipids 2014; 183:176-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
12
|
Broniatowski M, Flasiński M, Dynarowicz-Ła̧tka P, Majewski J. Grazing Incidence Diffraction and X-ray Reflectivity Studies of the Interactions of Inorganic Mercury Salts with Membrane Lipids in Langmuir Monolayers at the Air/Water Interface. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:9474-84. [DOI: 10.1021/jp101668n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Broniatowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland and Lujan Neutron Scattering Center, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Michał Flasiński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland and Lujan Neutron Scattering Center, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Patrycja Dynarowicz-Ła̧tka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland and Lujan Neutron Scattering Center, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Jarosław Majewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland and Lujan Neutron Scattering Center, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jahromi EZ, Gailer J. Probing bioinorganic chemistry processes in the bloodstream to gain new insights into the origin of human diseases. Dalton Trans 2009:329-36. [PMID: 20023963 DOI: 10.1039/b912941n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the context of elucidating the origin of human diseases, past poisoning epidemics have revealed that exceedingly small doses of inorganic environmental pollutants can result in dramatic effects on human health. Today, numerous organic and inorganic pollutants have been quantified in human blood, but the interpretation of these concentrations remains--from a public health point of view--problematic. Conversely, the biomolecular origin for several grievous human diseases is essentially unknown. Taken together and viewed in the context of recent bioinorganic research findings, the established human blood concentrations of toxic metals and metalloids may be functionally connected with the etiology of specific human diseases. To unravel the underlying biomolecular mechanisms, and taking into account the basic flow of dietary matter through mammalian organisms, a better understanding of the bioinorganic chemistry of toxic metals and metalloid compounds in the bloodstream is emerging as a promising avenue for future research. To this end, the concerted application of modern proteomic methodologies, synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy and established spectroscopic techniques will contribute to better define the role that blood-based bioinorganic chemistry-related processes play in the origin of human diseases. The application of this and other modern proteomic methodologies could contribute to a better understanding of the role that blood-based bioinorganic chemistry-related processes play in the origin and etiology of human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Zeini Jahromi
- Department of Chemistry and BSc Environmental Science Program, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Broniatowski M, Dynarowicz-Łatka P. Search for the Molecular Mechanism of Mercury Toxicity. Study of the Mercury(II)−Surfactant Complex Formation in Langmuir Monolayers. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:4275-83. [DOI: 10.1021/jp810339e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Broniatowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Anticancer cisplatin interactions with bilayers of total lipid extract from pig brain: A 13C, 31P and 15N solid-state NMR study. Eur J Pharm Sci 2008; 34:140-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2008.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2007] [Revised: 02/29/2008] [Accepted: 03/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
16
|
Suwalsky M, Mennickent S, Norris B, Cardenas H. The antiepileptic drug carbamazepine affects sodium transport in toad epithelium. Toxicol In Vitro 2006; 20:891-8. [PMID: 16542818 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2006.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2005] [Revised: 12/07/2005] [Accepted: 01/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The present work investigates the effects of the antiepileptic drug carbamazepine (CBZ) on sodium transport in the isolated skin of the toad Pleurodema thaul. A submaximal concentration of the drug (0.2 mM) applied to the outer surface of the epithelium increased the electrical parameters short-circuit current (Isc) and potential difference (PD) by over 28%, whereas only a higher concentration (1 mM) induced over a 45% decrease in these parameters when applied to the inner surface. The amiloride test showed that the outer surface stimulatory effect was accompanied by an increase and the inner surface inhibitory effect by a decrease in the sodium electromotive force (ENa). Exploration of these effects of CBZ on the outer surface showed that 0.2 mM increased net Na+ (22Na) influx by 20% and 0.6 mM CBZ decreased Na+ mucosa-serosa flux by 19%, a result in agreement with the finding that higher concentrations of CBZ applied to the inner surface not only decreased ENa but also sodium conductance (GNa).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Suwalsky
- Department of Polymers, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, University of Concepción, E. Larenas 129, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Suwalsky M, Mennickent S, Norris B, Cárdenas H. The antiepileptic drug phenytoin affects sodium transport in toad epithelium. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2006; 142:253-261. [PMID: 16314149 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2005.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2005] [Revised: 10/09/2005] [Accepted: 10/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The effects of phenytoin on isolated Pleurodema thaul toad skin were investigated. Low (micromolar) concentrations of the antiepileptic agent applied to the outside surface of the toad epithelium increased the electrical parameters (short-circuit current and potential difference) by over 40%, reflecting stimulation of Na(+) transport, whereas higher (millimolar concentrations, outside and inside surface) decreased both electric parameters, the effect being greater at the inside surface (40% and 80% decrease, respectively). The amiloride test showed that the stimulatory effect was accompanied by an increase and the inhibitory effect by a decrease in the sodium electromotive force (ENa). It is concluded that the drug interaction with membrane lipid bilayers might result in a distortion of the lipid-protein interface contributing to disturbance of Na(+) epithelial channel activity. After applying the Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase blocker ouabain and replacing the Na(+) ions in the outer Ringer's solution by choline, it was concluded that both active and passive transport are involved in sodium absorption, although active transport predominates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Suwalsky
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, University of Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepcion, Chile.
| | - Sigrid Mennickent
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Beryl Norris
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Casilla 237, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Hernan Cárdenas
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Casilla 237, Concepcion, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Devlin EW. Acute toxicity, uptake and histopathology of aqueous methyl mercury to fathead minnow embryos. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2006; 15:97-110. [PMID: 16400529 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-005-0051-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Early life stages of fishes have been shown to be especially susceptible to the toxic effects of heavy metal pollution. In this study, fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) embryos were exposed in the laboratory to a graded series of aqueous methyl mercury concentrations under continuous-flow conditions. A number of toxicological endpoints were examined including; acute toxicity, bioaccumulation, protein production, impact on mitosis, gross and histopathology. Acute toxicity, reported as LC50 values of methyl mercury, ranged from 221 microg/l (95% C.I. 246-196 microg/l) for 24-h tests to 39 microg/l (95% C.I. 54-24 microg/l) for 96-h exposures. Fathead minnow embryos were shown to rapidly take up mercury from the surrounding water. Mercury levels in embryos reached levels of 2.80 microg/g wet weight after 96 h exposure to 40 microg/l methyl mercury. An initial elevation of total protein in embryo was observed in embryos exposed to 25 microg/l methyl mercury during the first 12 h of development. At later stages, significantly lower levels of protein/microg embryo were observed. Methyl mercury had no effect on mitotic stages (p=0.05) in early, cleaving blastula-stage embryos. Live embryos and serial sections were utilized to characterize changes in embryo morphology and histopathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward W Devlin
- Biology Department, Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney, VA 23901, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Andres S, Laporte JM, Mason RP. Mercury accumulation and flux across the gills and the intestine of the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2002; 56:303-320. [PMID: 11856578 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-445x(01)00228-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This paper details the results of perfusion experiments examining the accumulation of inorganic and methylmercury (Hg and MMHg) into the gill and intestine tissue of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus. Additionally, the flux across the tissue to an internal medium, representative of crab tissue or haemolymph, during the perfusion was also measured. The accumulation and transfer processes were studied for each form by exposing the organs to a wide range of Hg and MMHg water concentrations, as well as a mixture of the two Hg forms. Experiments were also performed at different temperatures and in the presence of a metabolic inhibitor to assess the accumulation mechanisms. While the Hg levels bioaccumulated in the two organs were of the same order, the fluxes of Hg from the tissue to the internal medium were slightly higher in the intestine than in the gill. At low external concentrations, the uptake was very similar for both Hg forms, but as exposure pressure increased, inorganic Hg uptake slowed whereas MMHg uptake increased linearly. The results from the perfusion experiments with a mixture of inorganic Hg and MMHg show that while these two forms of Hg do share common uptake pathways, there is also independent uptake. The temperature and inhibition experiments with ouabain, a Na(+)K(+)ATPase inhibitor, show that accumulation is at least partially energy dependent. Overall, the results suggest that there is more than one mechanism of accumulation for both Hg forms. Finally, as accumulation of Hg and MMHg into these tissues was similar, these results contrast with the literature assertion that the enhanced bioaccumulation of MMHg over inorganic Hg is a result of MMHg being more readily transported across the gut membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Andres
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, P.O. Box 38, Solomons, MD 20688, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Charged lipids constitute a substantial fraction of all membrane lipids. Their charges vary in quantity and distribution within their headgroup regions. In long range interactions, their charges' value and electrostatic potential in the vicinity of the membrane surface can be approximated by the Guy-Chapman theory. This theory treats the interface as a charged structureless plain surrounded by uniform environments. However, if one considers intermolecular interactions, such assumptions need to be revised. The interface is in reality a thick region containing the residual charges of lipid headgroups. Their arrangement depends on the type of lipid present in the membrane. The variety of lipids and their biological functions suggests that charge distribution determines the extent and type of interaction with surface associated molecules. Numerous examples show that protein behavior at the lipid bilayer surface is determined by the type of lipid present, indicating protein specificity towards certain surface locations and local properties (determined by lipid composition) of a particular type. Such specificity is achieved by a combination of electrostatic, hydrophobic and enthropic effects. Comparing lipid biological activity, it can be stated that residual charge distribution is one of the factors of intermolecular recognition leading to the specific interaction of lipid molecules and selected proteins in various processes, particularly those involved with signal transduction pathways. Such specificity enables a variety of processes occurring simultaneously on the same membrane surface to function without cross-reaction interference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Langner
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Agricultural University, Wrocław, Poland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Girault L, Boudou A, Dufourc EJ. 113Cd-, 31P-NMR and fluorescence polarization studies of cadmium(II) interactions with phospholipids in model membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1998; 1414:140-54. [PMID: 9804929 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(98)00162-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium(II) interactions with multilamellar vesicles of dimyristoyl (DM)- and dipalmitoyl (DP)-phosphatidylcholine (PC), -phosphatidylserine (PS), -phosphatidic acid (PA), -phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and -phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) have been investigated both from the metal and the membrane viewpoints, respectively, by solution 113Cd-NMR and diphenylhexatriene fluorescence polarization coupled with solid-state 31P-NMR. Results can be summarized as follows. (1) Strong cadmium binding to membrane phospholipids results in a decrease of the free Cd(II) 113Cd-NMR isotropic signal and because of slow exchange, in the NMR time scale, between free and bound cadmium pools, the lipid/water partition coefficients, Klw, of the Cd(II) species can be determined in the lamellar gel (fluid) phase. It is found Klw(DMPC) approximately Klw(EggPE) approximately 2+/-2 (2+/-2); Klw(DMPA)=392+/-20 (505+/-25); Klw(DMPG)=428+/-21 (352+/-17); Klw(DMPS)=544+/-27 (672+/-34). Cadmium interactions with membrane phospholipids are therefore electrostatic in nature and the phosphate moiety is proposed as a potential binding site. (2) The presence of Cd(II) stabilizes the gel phases of PG, PA and PS lipids and leads to suppression of the main phase transition for PA and PS. These effects are reduced upon increasing salinity to 0.5 M Cl- and abolished at 1.8 M Cl-, Cd(II) being removed from the membranes due to formation of soluble CdCln species. Moving the pH from 7 to 6 also decreases Cd(II) binding to PA, because of surface charge reduction. (3) Cadmium promotes the formation of isotropic 31P-NMR lines with PG systems and of a hexagonal phase on egg PE bilayers at 24 degreesC, suggesting dramatic membrane reorganization. Properties of cadmium and calcium interacting with phospholipid model membranes are compared, and the potential roles of these interactions in the molecular mechanisms of cadmium uptake and toxicity in cells are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Girault
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS, Av. A. Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|