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Dowling P, Swandulla D, Ohlendieck K. Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomic Technology and Its Application to Study Skeletal Muscle Cell Biology. Cells 2023; 12:2560. [PMID: 37947638 PMCID: PMC10649384 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Voluntary striated muscles are characterized by a highly complex and dynamic proteome that efficiently adapts to changed physiological demands or alters considerably during pathophysiological dysfunction. The skeletal muscle proteome has been extensively studied in relation to myogenesis, fiber type specification, muscle transitions, the effects of physical exercise, disuse atrophy, neuromuscular disorders, muscle co-morbidities and sarcopenia of old age. Since muscle tissue accounts for approximately 40% of body mass in humans, alterations in the skeletal muscle proteome have considerable influence on whole-body physiology. This review outlines the main bioanalytical avenues taken in the proteomic characterization of skeletal muscle tissues, including top-down proteomics focusing on the characterization of intact proteoforms and their post-translational modifications, bottom-up proteomics, which is a peptide-centric method concerned with the large-scale detection of proteins in complex mixtures, and subproteomics that examines the protein composition of distinct subcellular fractions. Mass spectrometric studies over the last two decades have decisively improved our general cell biological understanding of protein diversity and the heterogeneous composition of individual myofibers in skeletal muscles. This detailed proteomic knowledge can now be integrated with findings from other omics-type methodologies to establish a systems biological view of skeletal muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland;
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Dieter Swandulla
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, D53115 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland;
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
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Dowling P, Gargan S, Swandulla D, Ohlendieck K. Fiber-Type Shifting in Sarcopenia of Old Age: Proteomic Profiling of the Contractile Apparatus of Skeletal Muscles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2415. [PMID: 36768735 PMCID: PMC9916839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and concomitant reduction in contractile strength plays a central role in frailty syndrome. Age-related neuronal impairments are closely associated with sarcopenia in the elderly, which is characterized by severe muscular atrophy that can considerably lessen the overall quality of life at old age. Mass-spectrometry-based proteomic surveys of senescent human skeletal muscles, as well as animal models of sarcopenia, have decisively improved our understanding of the molecular and cellular consequences of muscular atrophy and associated fiber-type shifting during aging. This review outlines the mass spectrometric identification of proteome-wide changes in atrophying skeletal muscles, with a focus on contractile proteins as potential markers of changes in fiber-type distribution patterns. The observed trend of fast-to-slow transitions in individual human skeletal muscles during the aging process is most likely linked to a preferential susceptibility of fast-twitching muscle fibers to muscular atrophy. Studies with senescent animal models, including mostly aged rodent skeletal muscles, have confirmed fiber-type shifting. The proteomic analysis of fast versus slow isoforms of key contractile proteins, such as myosin heavy chains, myosin light chains, actins, troponins and tropomyosins, suggests them as suitable bioanalytical tools of fiber-type transitions during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Stephen Gargan
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Dieter Swandulla
- Institute of Physiology, University of Bonn, D53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
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3
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Abstract
The combination of large-scale protein separation techniques, sophisticated mass spectrometry, and systems bioinformatics has led to the establishment of proteomics as a distinct discipline within the wider field of protein biochemistry. Both discovery proteomics and targeted proteomics are widely used in biological and biomedical research, whereby the analytical approaches can be broadly divided into proteoform-centric top-down proteomics versus peptide-centric bottom-up proteomics. This chapter outlines the scientific value of top-down proteomics and describes how fluorescence two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis can be combined with the systematic analysis of crucial post-translational modifications. The concept of on-membrane digestion following the electrophoretic transfer of proteins and the usefulness of comparative two-dimensional immunoblotting are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
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Dowling P, Gargan S, Swandulla D, Ohlendieck K. Proteomic profiling of impaired excitation-contraction coupling and abnormal calcium handling in muscular dystrophy. Proteomics 2022; 22:e2200003. [PMID: 35902360 PMCID: PMC10078611 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The X-linked inherited neuromuscular disorder Duchenne muscular dystrophy is characterised by primary abnormalities in the membrane cytoskeletal component dystrophin. The almost complete absence of the Dp427-M isoform of dystrophin in skeletal muscles renders contractile fibres more susceptible to progressive degeneration and a leaky sarcolemma membrane. This in turn results in abnormal calcium homeostasis, enhanced proteolysis and impaired excitation-contraction coupling. Biochemical and mass spectrometry-based proteomic studies of both patient biopsy specimens and genetic animal models of dystrophinopathy have demonstrated significant changes in the concentration and/or physiological function of essential calcium-regulatory proteins in dystrophin-lacking voluntary muscles. Abnormalities include dystrophinopathy-associated changes in voltage sensing receptors, calcium release channels, calcium pumps and calcium binding proteins. This review article provides an overview of the importance of the sarcolemmal dystrophin-glycoprotein complex and the wider dystrophin complexome in skeletal muscle and its linkage to depolarisation-induced calcium-release mechanisms and the excitation-contraction-relaxation cycle. Besides chronic inflammation, fat substitution and reactive myofibrosis, a major pathobiochemical hallmark of X-linked muscular dystrophy is represented by the chronic influx of calcium ions through the damaged plasmalemma in conjunction with abnormal intracellular calcium fluxes and buffering. Impaired calcium handling proteins should therefore be included in an improved biomarker signature of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.,Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Stephen Gargan
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.,Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | | | - Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.,Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
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5
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Sébastien M, Aubin P, Brocard J, Brocard J, Marty I, Fauré J. Dynamics of triadin, a muscle-specific triad protein, within sarcoplasmic reticulum subdomains. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:261-272. [PMID: 31877066 PMCID: PMC7183767 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-07-0399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In skeletal muscle, proteins of the calcium release complex responsible for the excitation-contraction (EC) coupling are exclusively localized in specific reticulum–plasma membrane (ER-PM) contact points named triads. The CRC protein triadin (T95) is localized in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) subdomain of triads where it forms large multimers. However, the mechanisms leading to the steady-state accumulation of T95 in these specific areas of SR are largely unknown. To visualize T95 dynamics, fluorescent chimeras were expressed in triadin knockout myotubes, and their mobility was compared with the mobility of Sec61β, a membrane protein of the SR unrelated to the EC coupling process. At all stages of skeletal muscle cells differentiation, we show a permanent flux of T95 diffusing in the SR membrane. Moreover, we find evidence that a longer residence time in the ER-PM contact point is due to the transmembrane domain of T95 resulting in an overall triad localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Sébastien
- Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Inserm, U1216, University Grenoble Alpes, University Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Perrine Aubin
- Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Inserm, U1216, University Grenoble Alpes, University Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jacques Brocard
- Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Inserm, U1216, University Grenoble Alpes, University Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Julie Brocard
- Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Inserm, U1216, University Grenoble Alpes, University Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Isabelle Marty
- Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Inserm, U1216, University Grenoble Alpes, University Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Julien Fauré
- Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Inserm, U1216, University Grenoble Alpes, University Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France.,Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, University Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
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Dulhunty AF, Wei-LaPierre L, Casarotto MG, Beard NA. Core skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor calcium release complex. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 44:3-12. [PMID: 27696487 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The core skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor (RyR1) calcium release complex extends through three compartments of the muscle fibre, linking the extracellular environment through the cytoplasmic junctional gap to the lumen of the internal sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium store. The protein complex is essential for skeletal excitation-contraction (EC)-coupling and skeletal muscle function. Its importance is highlighted by perinatal death if any one of the EC-coupling components are missing and by myopathies associated with mutation of any of the proteins. The proteins essential for EC-coupling include the DHPR α1S subunit in the transverse tubule membrane, the DHPR β1a subunit in the cytosol and the RyR1 ion channel in the SR membrane. The other core proteins are triadin and junctin and calsequestrin, associated mainly with SR. These SR proteins are not essential for survival but exert structural and functional influences that modify the gain of EC-coupling and maintain normal muscle function. This review summarises our current knowledge of the individual protein/protein interactions within the core complex and their overall contribution to EC-coupling. We highlight significant areas that provide a continuing challenge for the field. Additional important components of the Ca2+ release complex, such as FKBP12, calmodulin, S100A1 and Stac3 are identified and reviewed elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela F Dulhunty
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Lan Wei-LaPierre
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Marco G Casarotto
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Nicole A Beard
- Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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7
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Three residues in the luminal domain of triadin impact on Trisk 95 activation of skeletal muscle ryanodine receptors. Pflugers Arch 2016; 468:1985-1994. [PMID: 27595738 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1869-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Triadin isoforms, splice variants of one gene, maintain healthy Ca2+ homeostasis in skeletal muscle by subserving several functions including an influence on Ca2+ release through the ligand-gated ryanodine receptor (RyR1) ion channels. The predominant triadin isoform in skeletal muscle, Trisk 95, activates RyR1 in vitro via binding to previously unidentified amino acids between residues 200 and 232. Here, we identify three amino acids that influence Trisk 95 binding to RyR1 and ion channel activation, using peptides encompassing residues 200-232. Selective alanine substitutions show that K218, K220, and K224 together facilitate normal Trisk 95 binding to RyR1 and channel activation. Neither RyR1 binding nor activation are altered by alanine substitution of K220 alone or of K218 and K224. Therefore K218, K220, and K224 contribute to a robust binding and activation site that is disrupted only when the charge on all three residues is neutralized. We suggest that charged pair interactions between acidic RyR1 residues D4878, D4907, and E4908 and Trisk 95 residues K218, K220, and K224 facilitate Trisk 95 binding to RyR1 and channel activation. Since K218, K220, and K224 are also required for CSQ binding to RyRs (Kobayashi et al. 17, J Biol Chem 275, 17639-17646), the results suggest that Trisk 95 may not simultaneously bind to RyR1 and CSQ, contrary to the widely held belief that triadin monomers form a quaternary complex with junctin, CSQ and RyR1. Therefore, the in vivo role of triadin monomers in modulating RyR1 activity is likely unrelated to CSQ.
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8
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Marty I. Triadin regulation of the ryanodine receptor complex. J Physiol 2014; 593:3261-6. [PMID: 26228554 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.281147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcium release complex is the major player in excitation-contraction coupling, both in cardiac and skeletal muscle. The core of the complex is the ryanodine receptor, and triadin is a regulating protein. Nevertheless, the precise function of triadin is only partially understood. Besides its function in the anchoring of calsequestrin at the triad/dyad, our recent results allow us to propose hypotheses on new triadin scaffolding functions, based on the studies performed using different models, from triadin knockout mice to human patients, and expression in non-muscle cells, taking into account the presence of multiple triadin isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Marty
- Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Inserm U836, Université Joseph Fourier-Bat EJ Safra, Chemin Fortuné Ferrini, 38700, La Tronche, France
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9
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Carberry S, Zweyer M, Swandulla D, Ohlendieck K. Application of fluorescence two-dimensional difference in-gel electrophoresis as a proteomic biomarker discovery tool in muscular dystrophy research. BIOLOGY 2013; 2:1438-64. [PMID: 24833232 PMCID: PMC4009800 DOI: 10.3390/biology2041438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we illustrate the application of difference in-gel electrophoresis for the proteomic analysis of dystrophic skeletal muscle. The mdx diaphragm was used as a tissue model of dystrophinopathy. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis is a widely employed protein separation method in proteomic investigations. Although two-dimensional gels usually underestimate the cellular presence of very high molecular mass proteins, integral membrane proteins and low copy number proteins, this method is extremely powerful in the comprehensive analysis of contractile proteins, metabolic enzymes, structural proteins and molecular chaperones. This gives rise to two-dimensional gel electrophoretic separation as the method of choice for studying contractile tissues in health and disease. For comparative studies, fluorescence difference in-gel electrophoresis has been shown to provide an excellent biomarker discovery tool. Since aged diaphragm fibres from the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy closely resemble the human pathology, we have carried out a mass spectrometry-based comparison of the naturally aged diaphragm versus the senescent dystrophic diaphragm. The proteomic comparison of wild type versus mdx diaphragm resulted in the identification of 84 altered protein species. Novel molecular insights into dystrophic changes suggest increased cellular stress, impaired calcium buffering, cytostructural alterations and disturbances of mitochondrial metabolism in dystrophin-deficient muscle tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Carberry
- Department of Biology, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland.
| | - Margit Zweyer
- Department of Physiology II, University of Bonn, Bonn D-53115, Germany.
| | - Dieter Swandulla
- Department of Physiology II, University of Bonn, Bonn D-53115, Germany.
| | - Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland.
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Boncompagni S, Thomas M, Lopez JR, Allen PD, Yuan Q, Kranias EG, Franzini-Armstrong C, Perez CF. Triadin/Junctin double null mouse reveals a differential role for Triadin and Junctin in anchoring CASQ to the jSR and regulating Ca(2+) homeostasis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39962. [PMID: 22768324 PMCID: PMC3388061 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Triadin (Tdn) and Junctin (Jct) are structurally related transmembrane proteins thought to be key mediators of structural and functional interactions between calsequestrin (CASQ) and ryanodine receptor (RyRs) at the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum (jSR). However, the specific contribution of each protein to the jSR architecture and to excitation-contraction (e-c) coupling has not been fully established. Here, using mouse models lacking either Tdn (Tdn-null), Jct (Jct-null) or both (Tdn/Jct-null), we identify Tdn as the main component of periodically located anchors connecting CASQ to the RyR-bearing jSR membrane. Both proteins proved to be important for the structural organization of jSR cisternae and retention of CASQ within them, but with different degrees of impact. Our results also suggest that the presence of CASQ is responsible for the wide lumen of the jSR cisternae. Using Ca(2+) imaging and Ca(2+) selective microelectrodes we found that changes in e-c coupling, SR Ca(2+)content and resting [Ca(2+)] in Jct, Tdn and Tdn/Jct-null muscles are directly correlated to the effect of each deletion on CASQ content and its organization within the jSR. These data suggest that in skeletal muscle the disruption of Tdn/CASQ link has a more profound effect on jSR architecture and myoplasmic Ca(2+) regulation than Jct/CASQ association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Boncompagni
- DNI-Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, CeSI-Center for Research on Ageing, University of G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy.
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Fourest-Lieuvin A, Rendu J, Osseni A, Pernet-Gallay K, Rossi D, Oddoux S, Brocard J, Sorrentino V, Marty I, Fauré J. Role of triadin in the organization of reticulum membrane at the muscle triad. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:3443-53. [PMID: 22505613 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.100958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The terminal cisternae represent one of the functional domains of the skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). They are closely apposed to plasma membrane invaginations, the T-tubules, with which they form structures called triads. In triads, the physical interaction between the T-tubule-anchored voltage-sensing channel DHPR and the SR calcium channel RyR1 is essential because it allows the depolarization-induced calcium release that triggers muscle contraction. This interaction between DHPR and RyR1 is based on the peculiar membrane structures of both T-tubules and SR terminal cisternae. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms governing the formation of SR terminal cisternae. We have previously shown that ablation of triadins, a family of SR transmembrane proteins that interact with RyR1, induced skeletal muscle weakness in knockout mice as well as a modification of the shape of triads. Here we explore the intrinsic molecular properties of the longest triadin isoform Trisk 95. We show that when ectopically expressed, Trisk 95 can modulate reticulum membrane morphology. The membrane deformations induced by Trisk 95 are accompanied by modifications of the microtubule network organization. We show that multimerization of Trisk 95 by disulfide bridges, together with interaction with microtubules, are responsible for the ability of Trisk 95 to structure reticulum membrane. When domains responsible for these molecular properties are deleted, anchoring of Trisk 95 to the triads in muscle cells is strongly decreased, suggesting that oligomers of Trisk 95 and microtubules contribute to the organization of the SR terminal cisternae in a triad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Fourest-Lieuvin
- INSERM U836, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Equipe Muscle et Pathologies, Grenoble 38042, France
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Ohlendieck K. Skeletal muscle proteomics: current approaches, technical challenges and emerging techniques. Skelet Muscle 2011; 1:6. [PMID: 21798084 PMCID: PMC3143904 DOI: 10.1186/2044-5040-1-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Skeletal muscle fibres represent one of the most abundant cell types in mammals. Their highly specialised contractile and metabolic functions depend on a large number of membrane-associated proteins with very high molecular masses, proteins with extensive posttranslational modifications and components that exist in highly complex supramolecular structures. This makes it extremely difficult to perform conventional biochemical studies of potential changes in protein clusters during physiological adaptations or pathological processes. Results Skeletal muscle proteomics attempts to establish the global identification and biochemical characterisation of all members of the muscle-associated protein complement. A considerable number of proteomic studies have employed large-scale separation techniques, such as high-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis or liquid chromatography, and combined them with mass spectrometry as the method of choice for high-throughput protein identification. Muscle proteomics has been applied to the comprehensive biochemical profiling of developing, maturing and aging muscle, as well as the analysis of contractile tissues undergoing physiological adaptations seen in disuse atrophy, physical exercise and chronic muscle transformation. Biomedical investigations into proteome-wide alterations in skeletal muscle tissues were also used to establish novel biomarker signatures of neuromuscular disorders. Importantly, mass spectrometric studies have confirmed the enormous complexity of posttranslational modifications in skeletal muscle proteins. Conclusions This review critically examines the scientific impact of modern muscle proteomics and discusses its successful application for a better understanding of muscle biology, but also outlines its technical limitations and emerging techniques to establish new biomarker candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Ohlendieck
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland.
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Doran P, Dowling P, Donoghue P, Buffini M, Ohlendieck K. Reduced expression of regucalcin in young and aged mdx diaphragm indicates abnormal cytosolic calcium handling in dystrophin-deficient muscle. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2006; 1764:773-85. [PMID: 16483859 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2006.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2005] [Revised: 12/09/2005] [Accepted: 01/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The cytosolic Ca2+ -binding protein regucalcin is involved in intracellular signaling and present in high abundance in the liver. Here, we could show by comparative mass spectrometry-based proteomics screening of normal versus dystrophic fibres that regucalcin of 33.9 kDa and pI5.2 also exists in diaphragm muscle. Since the expression of sarcolemmal Ca2+ -leak channels and luminal Ca2+ -binding elements is altered in dystrophin-deficient muscle, we initiated this study in order to determine whether additional soluble muscle proteins involved in Ca2+ -handling are affected in muscular dystrophy. Following separation by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, the spot pattern of the normal versus the mdx diaphragm muscle proteome was evaluated by densitometry. The expression levels of 20 major protein spots were shown to change and their identity determined by mass spectrometry. A 2-fold reduction of regucalcin in mdx diaphragm, as well as in dystrophic limb muscle and heart, was confirmed by immunoblotting in both young and aged mdx mice. The results from our proteomics analysis of dystrophic diaphragm support the concept that abnormal Ca2+ -handling is involved in x-linked muscular dystrophy. The reduction in key Ca2+ -handling proteins may result in an insufficient maintenance of Ca2+ -homeostasis and an abnormal regulation of Ca2+ -dependent enzymes resulting in disturbed intracellular signaling mechanisms in dystrophinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Doran
- Department of Biology, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
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Lohan J, Culligan K, Ohlendieck K. Deficiency in Cardiac Dystrophin Affects the Abundance of the $\alpha$ -/ $\beta$ -Dystroglycan Complex. J Biomed Biotechnol 2005; 2005:28-36. [PMID: 15689636 PMCID: PMC1138265 DOI: 10.1155/jbb.2005.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Duchenne muscular dystrophy is primarily categorised as a skeletal muscle disease, deficiency in the membrane cytoskeletal protein dystrophin also affects the heart. The central transsarcolemmal linker between the actin membrane cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix is represented by the dystrophin-associated dystroglycans. Chemical cross-linking analysis revealed no significant differences in the dimeric status of the $\alpha$ -/ $\beta$ -dystroglycan subcomplex in the dystrophic mdx heart as compared to normal cardiac tissue. In analogy to skeletal muscle fibres, heart muscle also exhibited a greatly reduced abundance of both dystroglycans in dystrophin-deficient cells. Immunoblotting demonstrated that the degree of reduction in $\alpha$ -dystroglycan is more pronounced in matured mdx skeletal muscle as contrasted to the mdx heart. The fact that the deficiency in dystrophin triggers a similar pathobiochemical response in both types of muscle suggests that the cardiomyopathic complications observed in $x$ -linked muscular dystrophy might be initiated by the loss of the dystrophin-associated surface glycoprotein complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Lohan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, County
Kildare, Ireland
| | - Kevin Culligan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, County
Kildare, Ireland
| | - Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, County
Kildare, Ireland
- *Kay Ohlendieck:
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15
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Dowling P, Doran P, Ohlendieck K. Drastic reduction of sarcalumenin in Dp427 (dystrophin of 427 kDa)-deficient fibres indicates that abnormal calcium handling plays a key role in muscular dystrophy. Biochem J 2004; 379:479-88. [PMID: 14678011 PMCID: PMC1224066 DOI: 10.1042/bj20031311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2003] [Revised: 12/10/2003] [Accepted: 12/16/2003] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although the primary abnormality in dystrophin is the underlying cause for mdx (X-chromosome-linked muscular dystrophy), abnormal Ca2+ handling after sarcolemmal microrupturing appears to be the pathophysiological mechanism leading to muscle weakness. To develop novel pharmacological strategies for eliminating Ca2+-dependent proteolysis, it is crucial to determine the fate of Ca2+-handling proteins in dystrophin-deficient fibres. In the present study, we show that a key luminal Ca2+-binding protein SAR (sarcalumenin) is affected in mdx skeletal-muscle fibres. One- and two-dimensional immunoblot analyses revealed the relative expression of the 160 kDa SR (sarcoplasmic reticulum) protein to be approx. 70% lower in mdx fibres when compared with normal skeletal muscles. This drastic reduction in SAR was confirmed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Patchy internal labelling of SAR in dystrophic fibres suggests an abnormal formation of SAR domains. Differential co-immunoprecipitation experiments and chemical cross-linking demonstrated a tight linkage between SAR and the SERCA1 (sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic-reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 1) isoform of the SR Ca2+-ATPase. However, the relative expression of the fast Ca2+ pump was not decreased in dystrophic membrane preparations. This implies that the reduction in SAR and calsequestrin-like proteins plays a central role in the previously reported impairment of Ca2+ buffering in the dystrophic SR [Culligan, Banville, Dowling and Ohlendieck (2002) J. Appl. Physiol. 92, 435-445]. Impaired Ca2+ shuttling between the Ca2+-uptake SERCA units and calsequestrin clusters via SAR, as well as an overall decreased luminal ion-binding capacity, might indirectly amplify the Ca2+-leak-channel-induced increase in cytosolic Ca2+ levels. This confirms the idea that abnormal Ca2+ cycling is involved in Ca2+-induced myonecrosis. Hence, manipulating disturbed Ca2+ handling might represent new modes of abolishing proteolytic degradation in muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland
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16
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Gilchrist JSC, Palahniuk C, Abrenica B, Rampersad P, Mutawe M, Cook T. RyR1/SERCA1 cross-talk regulation of calcium transport in heavy sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2003; 81:220-33. [PMID: 12733821 DOI: 10.1139/y03-035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the functional interdependence of sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase isoform 1 and ryanodine receptor isoform 1 in heavy sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes by synchronous fluorescence determination of extravesicular Ca2+ transients and catalytic activity. Under conditions of dynamic Ca2+ exchange ATPase catalytic activity was well coordinated to ryanodine receptor activation/inactivation states. Ryanodine-induced activation of Ca2+ release channel leaks also produced marked ATPase activation in the absence of measurable increases in bulk free extravesicular Ca2+. This suggested that Ca2+ pumps are highly sensitive to Ca2+ release channel leak status and potently buffer Ca2+ ions exiting cytoplasmic openings of ryanodine receptors. Conversely, ryanodine receptor activation was dependent on Ca2+-ATPase pump activity. Ryanodine receptor activation by cytosolic Ca2+ was (i) inversely proportional to luminal Ca2+ load and (ii) dependent upon the rate of presentation of cytosolic Ca2+. Progressive Ca2+ filling coincided with progressive loss of Ca2+ sequestration rates and at a threshold loading, ryanodine-induced Ca2+ release produced small transient reversals of catalytic activity. These data indicate that attainment of threshold luminal Ca2+ loads coordinates sensitization of Ca2+ release channels with autogenic inhibition of Ca2+ pumping. This suggests that Ca2+-dependent control of Ca2+ release in intact heavy sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes involves a Ca2+-mediated "cross-talk" between sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase isoform 1 and ryanodine receptor isoform 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S C Gilchrist
- Department of Oral Biology, Division of Stroke and Vascular Disease, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Room 4024, 351 Taché Avenue, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
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17
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Glover L, Quinn S, Ryan M, Pette D, Ohlendieck K. Supramolecular calsequestrin complex. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2002; 269:4607-16. [PMID: 12230573 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2002.03160.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
As recently demonstrated by overlay assays using calsequestrin-peroxidase conjugates, the major 63 kDa Ca(2+)-binding protein of the sarcoplasmic reticulum forms complexes with itself, and with junctin (26 kDa), triadin (94 kDa) and the ryanodine receptor (560 kDa) [Glover, L., Culligan, K., Cala, S., Mulvey, C. & Ohlendieck, K. (2001) Biochim. Biophys. Acta1515, 120-132]. Here, we show that variations in the relative abundance of these four central elements of excitation-contraction coupling in different fiber types, and during chronic electrostimulation-induced fiber type transitions, are reflected by distinct alterations in the calsequestrin overlay binding patterns. Comparative immunoblotting with antibodies to markers of the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum, in combination with the calsequestrin overlay binding patterns, confirmed a lower ryanodine receptor expression in slow soleus muscle compared to fast fibers, and revealed a drastic reduction of the RyR1 isoform in chronic low-frequency stimulated tibialis anterior muscle. The fast-to-slow transition process included a distinct reduction in fast calsequestrin and triadin and a concomitant reduction in calsequestrin binding to these sarcoplasmic reticulum elements. The calsequestrin-binding protein junctin was not affected by the muscle transformation process. The increase in calsequestrin and decrease in junctin expression during postnatal development resulted in similar changes in the intensity of binding of the calsequestrin conjugate to these sarcoplasmic reticulum components. Aged skeletal muscle fibers tended towards reduced protein interactions within the calsequestrin complex. This agrees with the physiological concept that the key regulators of Ca(2+) homeostasis exist in a supramolecular membrane assembly and that protein-protein interactions are affected by isoform shifting underlying the finely tuned adaptation of muscle fibers to changed functional demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Glover
- Department of Pharmacology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
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18
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Culligan K, Banville N, Dowling P, Ohlendieck K. Drastic reduction of calsequestrin-like proteins and impaired calcium binding in dystrophic mdx muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2002; 92:435-45. [PMID: 11796649 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00903.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the reduction in dystrophin-associated glycoproteins is the primary pathophysiological consequence of the deficiency in dystrophin, little is known about the secondary abnormalities leading to x-linked muscular dystrophy. As abnormal Ca(2+) handling may be involved in myonecrosis, we investigated the fate of key Ca(2+) regulatory membrane proteins in dystrophic mdx skeletal muscle membranes. Whereas the expression of the ryanodine receptor, the dihydropyridine receptor, the Ca(2+)-ATPase, and calsequestrin was not affected, a drastic decline in calsequestrin-like proteins of 150-220 kDa was observed in dystrophic microsomes using one-dimensional immunoblotting, two-dimensional immunoblotting with isoelectric focusing, diagonal two-dimensional blotting technique, and immunoprecipitation. In analogy, overall Ca(2+) binding was reduced in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of dystrophic muscle. The reduction in Ca(2+) binding proteins might be directly involved in triggering impaired Ca(2+) sequestration within the lumen of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Thus disturbed sarcolemmal Ca(2+) fluxes seem to influence overall Ca(2+) homeostasis, resulting in distinct changes in the expression profile of a subset of Ca(2+) handling proteins, which might be an important factor in the progressive functional decline of dystrophic muscle fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Culligan
- Department of Pharmacology, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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19
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Glover L, Culligan K, Cala S, Mulvey C, Ohlendieck K. Calsequestrin binds to monomeric and complexed forms of key calcium-handling proteins in native sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes from rabbit skeletal muscle. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2001; 1515:120-32. [PMID: 11718668 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(01)00406-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ca(2+)-handling proteins are important regulators of the excitation-contraction-relaxation cycle in skeletal muscle fibres. Although domain binding studies suggest protein coupling between various Ca(2+)-regulatory elements of triad junctions, no direct biochemical evidence exists demonstrating high-molecular-mass complex formation in native microsomal membranes. Calsequestrin represents the protein backbone of the luminal Ca(2+) reservoir and thereby occupies a central position in Ca(2+) homeostasis; we therefore used calsequestrin blot overlay assays in order to determine complex formation between sarcoplasmic reticulum components. Peroxidase-conjugated calsequestrin clearly labelled four major protein bands in one-dimensional (1D) and 2D electrophoretically separated membrane preparations from adult skeletal muscle. Immunoblotting identified the calsequestrin-binding proteins of approximately 26, 63, 94 and 560 kDa as junctin, calsequestrin itself, triadin and the ryanodine receptor, respectively. Protein-protein coupling could be modified by ionic detergents, non-ionic detergents, changes in Ca(2+) concentration, as well as antibody and purified calsequestrin binding. Importantly, complex formation as determined by blot overlay assays was confirmed by differential co-immunoprecipitation experiments and chemical crosslinking analysis. Hence, the key Ca(2+)-regulatory membrane components of skeletal muscle form a supramolecular membrane assembly. The formation of this tightly associated junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum complex seems to underlie the physiological regulation of skeletal muscle contraction and relaxation, which supports the biochemical concept that Ca(2+) homeostasis is regulated by direct protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Glover
- Department of Pharmacology, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Ireland
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20
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Tanaka H, Furuya T, Kameda N, Kobayashi T, Mizusawa H. Triad proteins and intracellular Ca2+ transients during development of human skeletal muscle cells in aneural and innervated cultures. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2001; 21:507-26. [PMID: 11206130 DOI: 10.1023/a:1026561120566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Dihydropyridine receptors (DHPRs), ryanodine receptors (RyRs), and triadin are major components of triads of mature skeletal muscle and play crucial roles in Ca2+ release in excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling. We investigated the expression and localization of these proteins as well as intracellular Ca2+ transients during development of human muscle cells cultured aneurally and innervated with rat spinal cord. mRNAs encoding skeletal muscle isoforms of the DHPR alpha1 subunit (alpha1S-DHPR), the RyR, and triadin were scarce in myoblasts and increased remarkably after myotube formation. Immunocytochemically, alpha1S-DHPR was expressed after myoblast fusion and localized mainly within the cytoplasmic area of aneural myotubes whereas the cardiac isoform (alpha1C-DHPR) was abundant along the plasma membrane. RyRs and triadin were both detected after myotube formation and colocalized in the cytoplasm of aneural myotubes and innervated muscle fibers. Along the plasma membrane of aneural myotubes, colocalization of alpha1C-DHPR with the RyR was more frequently observed than that of alpha1S-DHPR. In innervated muscle fibers, alpha1S-DHPR and RyR were colocalized first along the plasma membrane and later in the cytoplasmic area and formed regular double rows of cross-striation. The alpha1C-DHPR diminished after innervation. In Ca2+ imaging, spontaneous irregular slow Ca2+ oscillations were observed in aneurally cultured myotubes whereas nerve-driven regular fast oscillations were observed in innervated muscle fibers. Both caffeine and depolarization induced Ca2+ transients in aneurally cultured myotubes and innervated muscle fibers. In aneurally cultured myotubes, depolarization-induced Ca2+ transients were highly dependent on extracellular Ca2+, suggesting immaturity of the Ca2+ release system. This dependence remarkably decreased after innervation. Our present results show that these proteins are expressed differently in aneurally cultured myotubes than in adult skeletal muscle, that Ca2+ release in aneurally cultured myotubes is different from in adult skeletal muscle, and that innervation induces formation of a mature skeletal muscle-like excitation-contraction coupling system in cultured human muscle cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calcium Channels, L-Type/genetics
- Calcium Channels, L-Type/metabolism
- Calcium Signaling/physiology
- Carrier Proteins
- Cells, Cultured/cytology
- Cells, Cultured/metabolism
- Coculture Techniques
- Fetus
- Humans
- Intracellular Fluid/metabolism
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/cytology
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle Proteins/genetics
- Muscle Proteins/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/cytology
- Muscle, Skeletal/embryology
- Muscle, Skeletal/innervation
- Neurites/metabolism
- Neurites/ultrastructure
- Neuromuscular Junction/cytology
- Neuromuscular Junction/embryology
- Neuromuscular Junction/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel/genetics
- Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel/metabolism
- Spinal Cord/embryology
- Spinal Cord/metabolism
- Spinal Cord/transplantation
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tanaka
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University School of Medicine, Japan
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21
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Abstract
Junctin is a calsequestrin binding protein detected in junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum of striated muscles. In the present study, the human cardiac junctin cDNA has been cloned by human heart cDNA library screening and RT-PCR, and the cDNA sequence has been determined. The deduced amino acid sequence of human junctin (210 aa) has 84% sequence identity to that of canine junctin identified previously. A human junctin isoform (isoform 1, 225 aa) was also identified and characterized. The isoform 1 has a 15 aa insertion at the amino acid residue 55 of the human junctin. Northern blot analysis revealed that the human junctin was present both in cardiac and skeletal muscles, and the sizes of the transcripts were approximately 3.0 and 4.2kb. Amino acid residues 6-78 of human junctin and 35-107 of human aspartyl beta-hydroxylase (hAspH) overlapped perfectly. The gene copy number of human junctin and hASPH was investigated by genomic Southern blot analysis using various restriction enzymes and a common DNA probe. The result showing a single hybridized DNA band at each restriction enzyme suggests that the same genomic region codes both junctin and hASPH.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Northern
- Blotting, Southern
- Calcium-Binding Proteins
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Membrane Proteins
- Mixed Function Oxygenases
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Muscle Proteins/genetics
- Myocardium/chemistry
- Protein Biosynthesis
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Tissue Distribution
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- K Y Lim
- Department of Life Science, Kwangju Institute of Science and Technology (K-JIST), 1 Oryong-dong, Puk-gu, 500-712, Kwangju, South Korea
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22
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Froemming GR, Murray BE, Harmon S, Pette D, Ohlendieck K. Comparative analysis of the isoform expression pattern of Ca(2+)-regulatory membrane proteins in fast-twitch, slow-twitch, cardiac, neonatal and chronic low-frequency stimulated muscle fibers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2000; 1466:151-68. [PMID: 10825439 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(00)00195-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although all muscle cells generate contractile forces by means of organized filament systems, isoform expression patterns of contractile and regulatory proteins in heart are not identical compared to developing, conditioned or mature skeletal muscles. In order to determine biochemical parameters that may reflect functional variations in the Ca(2+)-regulatory membrane systems of different muscle types, we performed a comparative immunoblot analysis of key membrane proteins involved in ion homeostasis. Cardiac isoforms of the alpha(1)-dihydropyridine receptor, Ca(2+)-ATPase and calsequestrin are also present in skeletal muscle and are up-regulated in chronic low-frequency stimulated fast muscle. In contrast, the cardiac RyR2 isoform of the Ca(2+)-release channel was not found in slow muscle but was detectable in neonatal skeletal muscle. Up-regulation of RyR2 in conditioned muscle was probably due to degeneration-regeneration processes. Fiber type-specific differences were also detected in the abundance of auxiliary subunits of the dihydropyridine receptor, the ryanodine receptor and the Ca(2+)-ATPase, as well as triad markers and various Ca(2+)-binding and ion-regulatory proteins. Hence, the variation in innervation of different types of muscle appears to have a profound influence on the levels and pattern of isoform expression of Ca(2+)-regulatory membrane proteins reflecting differences in the regulation of Ca(2+)-homeostasis. However, independent of the muscle cell type, key Ca(2+)-regulatory proteins exist as oligomeric complexes under native conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Froemming
- Department of Pharmacology, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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23
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Herzog A, Szegedi C, Jona I, Herberg FW, Varsanyi M. Surface plasmon resonance studies prove the interaction of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticular Ca(2+) release channel/ryanodine receptor with calsequestrin. FEBS Lett 2000; 472:73-7. [PMID: 10781808 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(00)01431-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A high affinity molecular interaction is demonstrated between calsequestrin and the sarcoplasmic reticular Ca(2+) release channel/ryanodine receptor (RyR) by surface plasmon resonance. K(D) values of 92 nM and 102 nM for the phosphorylated and dephosphorylated calsequestrin have been determined, respectively. Phosphorylation of calsequestrin seems not to influence this high affinity interaction, i.e. calsequestrin might always be bound to RyR. However, the phosphorylation state of calsequestrin determines the amount of Ca(2+) released from the lumen. Dephosphorylation of approximately 1% of the phosphorylated calsequestrin could be enough to activate the RyR channel half-maximally, as we have shown previously [Szegedi et al., Biochem. J. 337 (1999) 19].
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Affiliation(s)
- A Herzog
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Ruhr Universität, D-44780, Bochum, Germany
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24
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Marty I, Thevenon D, Scotto C, Groh S, Sainnier S, Robert M, Grunwald D, Villaz M. Cloning and characterization of a new isoform of skeletal muscle triadin. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:8206-12. [PMID: 10713145 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.11.8206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have shown that several isoforms of triadin, a protein involved in calcium release process through the ryanodine receptor, are expressed in rat skeletal muscle, and we have cloned two of these isoforms. One is the rat homolog of the 95-kDa triadin identified in rabbit skeletal muscle, and the second one, shorter, is a truncated form of the previous one, but with a new unique COOH-terminal end. We propose to name the two proteins identified here Trisk 95 and Trisk 51. We have produced antibodies specific to each isoform. Using these antibodies, we have shown that the newly identified protein, Trisk 51, is actually expressed in adult rat skeletal muscle and also in rat embryo skeletal muscle. Immunofluorescent labeling of rat skeletal muscle with anti-Trisk 95, anti-Trisk 51, or anti-ryanodine receptor antibodies shows a similar localization of these proteins, in the tissue. Transfection of L6 cells with cDNA of Trisk 51 or Trisk 95 leads to the expression of proteins with the expected molecular weight, identical to those detected in rat skeletal muscle. Both proteins appear during differentiation of satellite cells in myotubes which may indicate the involvement of these two isoforms in the building of a functional calcium release machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Marty
- Departement de Biologie Moléculaire et Structurale/Canaux Ioniques et Signalisation, INSERM E9931, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38054, France.
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Froemming GR, Pette D, Ohlendieck K. The 90-kDa junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum protein forms an integral part of a supramolecular triad complex in skeletal muscle. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 261:603-9. [PMID: 10441473 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.1032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although it is well established that voltage-sensing of the alpha(1)-dihydropyridine receptor triggers Ca(2+)-release via the ryanodine receptor during excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle fibers, it remains to be determined which junctional components are responsible for the assembly, maintenance, and stabilization of triads. Here, we analyzed the expression pattern and neighborhood relationship of a novel 90-kDa sarcoplasmic reticulum protein. This protein is highly enriched in the triad fraction and is predominantly expressed in fast-twitching muscle fibers. Chronic low-frequency electro-stimulation induced a drastic decrease in the relative abundance of this protein. Chemical crosslinking showed a potential overlap between the 90-kDa junctional face membrane protein and the ryanodine receptor Ca(2+)-release channel, suggesting tight protein-protein interactions between these two triad components. Hence, Ca(2+)-regulatory muscle proteins have a strong tendency to oligomerize and the triad region of skeletal muscle fibers forms supramolecular membrane complexes involved in the regulation of Ca(2+)-homeostasis and signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Froemming
- National University of Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland
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