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Zadeh-Haghighi H, Simon C. Magnetic field effects in biology from the perspective of the radical pair mechanism. J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20220325. [PMID: 35919980 PMCID: PMC9346374 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of studies have found that weak magnetic fields can significantly influence various biological systems. However, the underlying mechanisms behind these phenomena remain elusive. Remarkably, the magnetic energies implicated in these effects are much smaller than thermal energies. Here, we review these observations, and we suggest an explanation based on the radical pair mechanism, which involves the quantum dynamics of the electron and nuclear spins of transient radical molecules. While the radical pair mechanism has been studied in detail in the context of avian magnetoreception, the studies reviewed here show that magnetosensitivity is widespread throughout biology. We review magnetic field effects on various physiological functions, discussing static, hypomagnetic and oscillating magnetic fields, as well as isotope effects. We then review the radical pair mechanism as a potential unifying model for the described magnetic field effects, and we discuss plausible candidate molecules for the radical pairs. We review recent studies proposing that the radical pair mechanism provides explanations for isotope effects in xenon anaesthesia and lithium treatment of hyperactivity, magnetic field effects on the circadian clock, and hypomagnetic field effects on neurogenesis and microtubule assembly. We conclude by discussing future lines of investigation in this exciting new area of quantum biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Zadeh-Haghighi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Christoph Simon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
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2
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A 50 Hz magnetic field affects hemodynamics, ECG and vascular endothelial function in healthy adults: A pilot randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255242. [PMID: 34351946 PMCID: PMC8341886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of exposure to 50/60 Hz magnetic fields (MFs) has been conducted in the treatment of muscle pain and fatigue mainly in Japan. However, whether MFs could increase blood flow leading to muscle fatigue recovery has not been sufficiently tested. We investigated the acute effects of a 50 Hz sinusoidal MF at Bmax 180 mT on hemodynamics, electrocardiogram, and vascular endothelial function in healthy young men. Three types of regional exposures to a 50 Hz MF, i.e., forearm, upper arm, or neck exposure to MF were performed. Participants who received three types of real MF exposures had significantly increased ulnar arterial blood flow velocity compared to the sham exposures. Furthermore, after muscle loading exercise, MF exposure recovered hemoglobin oxygenation index values faster and higher than sham exposure from the loading condition. Moreover, participants who received real MF exposure in the neck region had significantly increased parasympathetic high-frequency activity relative to the sham exposure. The MF exposure in the upper arm region significantly increased the brachial artery flow-mediated dilation compared to the sham exposure. Computer simulations of induced in situ electric fields indicated that the order-of-magnitude estimates of the peak values were 100-500 mV/m, depending on the exposure conditions. This study provides the first evidence that a 50 Hz MF can activate parasympathetic activity and thereby lead to increase vasodilation and blood flow via a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism. Trial registration: UMIN Clinical Trial Registry (CTR) UMIN000038834. The authors confirm that all ongoing and related trials for this drug/intervention are registered.
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Kwon J, Lee JS, Lee J, Na J, Sung J, Lee HJ, Kwak H, Cheong E, Cho SW, Choi HJ. Vertical Nanowire Electrode Array for Enhanced Neurogenesis of Human Neural Stem Cells via Intracellular Electrical Stimulation. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:6343-6351. [PMID: 33998792 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular electrical stimulation (ES) can provide electrical potential from outside the cell membrane, but it is often ineffective due to interference from external factors such as culture medium resistance and membrane capacitance. To address this, we developed a vertical nanowire electrode array (VNEA) to directly provide intracellular electrical potential and current to cells through nanoelectrodes. Using this approach, the cell membrane resistivity and capacitance could be excluded, allowing effective ES. Human fetal neural stem cells (hfNSCs) were cultured on the VNEA for intracellular ES. Combining the structural properties of VNEA and VNEA-mediated ES, transient nanoscale perforation of the electrode was induced, promoting cell penetration and delivering current to the cell. Intracellular ES using VNEA improved the neuronal differentiation of hfNSCs more effectively than extracellular ES and facilitated electrophysiological functional maturation of hfNSCs because of the enhanced voltage-dependent ion-channel activity. The results demonstrate that VNEA with advanced nanoelectrodes serves as a highly effective culture and stimulation platform for stem-cell neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Seung-Woo Cho
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Özgün A, Garipcan B. Magnetic field-induced Ca 2+ intake by mesenchymal stem cells is mediated by intracellular Zn 2+ and accompanied by a Zn 2+ influx. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119062. [PMID: 34033861 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to magnetic fields (MFs) has a diverse range of effects on biological systems but definitive molecular mechanisms of the interaction remain largely unknown. One of the most frequently reported effects of MF exposure is an elevated concentration of intracellular Ca2+ through disputed pathways. Other prominent effects include increased oxidative stress and upregulation of neural markers through EGFR activation in stem cells. Further characterization of cascades triggered by MF exposure is hindered by the phenotype diversity of biological models used in the literature. In an attempt to reveal more mechanistic data in this field, we combined the most commonly used biological model and MF parameters with the most commonly reported effects of MFs. Based on clues from the pathways previously defined as sensitive to MFs (EGFR and Zn2+-binding enzymes), the roles of different types of channels (voltage gated Ca2+ channels, NMDA receptors, TRP channels) were inquired in the effects of 50 Hz MFs on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. We report that, an influx of Zn2+ accompanies MF-induced Ca2+ intake, which is only attenuated by the broad-range inhibitor of TRP channels and store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), 2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) among other blockers (memantine, nifedipine, ethosuximide and gabapentin). Interestingly, cation influx completely disappears when intracellular Zn2+ is chelated. Our results rule out voltage gated Ca2+ channels as a gateway to MF-induced Ca2+ intake and suggest Zn2+-related channels as a new focus in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alp Özgün
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bora Garipcan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Wang MH, Chen KW, Ni DX, Fang HJ, Jang LS, Chen CH. Effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field parameters on the proliferation of human breast cancer. Electromagn Biol Med 2021; 40:384-392. [PMID: 33632057 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2021.1891093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) exposures influence many biological systems. These effects are mainly related to the intensity, duration, frequency, and pattern of the ELF-EMF. Our intent was to characterize the effect of specific pulsed electromagnetic fields on the in vitro proliferation of MCF-7 adenocarcinoma and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines and one non-cancerous M10 breast epithelial cell line. The following four important parameters of ELF-EMF were examined: frequencies (7.83 ± 0.3, 23.49 ± 0.3, and 39.15 ± 0.3 Hz), flux density (0.5 and 1 mT), exposure duration (12, 24, and 48 h), and the exposure methodology (continuous exposure versus switching exposure). The viability of MDA-MB-231 cells exposed to the optimized ELF-EMF pattern (7.83 ± 0.3 Hz, 1 mT, and 6 h switching exposure) was 40.1%. By contrast, the optimized ELF-EMF parameters that were most cytotoxic to breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells were not damaging to normal M10 cells. In vitro studies also showed that exposure of MDA-MB-231 cells to the optimized ELF-EMF pattern promoted Ca2+ influx and resulted in apoptosis. These data confirm that exposure to this specific ELF-EMF pattern can influence cellular processes and inhibit cancer cell growth. The specific ELF-EMF pattern determined in this study may provide a potential anti-cancer treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Haw Wang
- Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Wei Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Xung Ni
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Jha Fang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Sheng Jang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hong Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Darvishi M, Mashati P, Kandala S, Paridar M, Takhviji V, Ebrahimi H, Zibara K, Khosravi A. Electromagnetic radiation: a new charming actor in hematopoiesis? Expert Rev Hematol 2021; 14:47-58. [PMID: 32951483 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2020.1826301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Electromagnetic waves play indispensable roles in life. Many studies addressed the outcomes of Electromagnetic field (EMF) on various biological functions such as cell proliferation, gene expression, epigenetic alterations, genotoxic, and carcinogenic effects, and its therapeutic applications in medicine. The impact of EMF on bone marrow (BM) is of high importance; however, EMF effects on BM hematopoiesis are not well understood. AREAS COVERED Publications in English were searched in ISI Web of Knowledge and Google Scholar with no restriction on publication date. A literature review has been conducted on the consequences of EMF exposure on BM non-hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and the application of these waves in regenerative medicine. Human blood cells such as lymphocytes, red blood cells and their precursors are altered qualitatively and quantitatively following electromagnetic radiation. Therefore, studying the impact of EMF on related signaling pathways in hematopoiesis and hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) differentiation could give a better insight into its efficacy on hematopoiesis and its potential therapeutic usage. EXPERT OPINION In this review, authors evaluated the possible biologic consequences of EMF on the hematopoiesis process in addition to its probable application in the treatment of hematologic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Darvishi
- Department of Laboratory Hematology and Blood Bank, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Pargol Mashati
- Department of Laboratory Hematology and Blood Bank, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahithi Kandala
- University of Colorado, Boulder Department: Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering , Colarada, USA
| | - Mostafa Paridar
- Deputy of Management and Resources Development, Ministry of Health and Medical Education , Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Takhviji
- Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine , Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Ebrahimi
- School of Nursing, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Kazem Zibara
- PRASE & Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University , Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Abbas Khosravi
- Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine , Tehran, Iran
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Antonia P, Erica C, Alessio F, Mirko P, Francesca D, Oriana T, Marcella R. Short ELF-EMF Exposure Targets SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling in THP-1 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7284. [PMID: 33023074 PMCID: PMC7582394 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) have been known to modulate inflammatory responses by targeting signal transduction pathways and influencing cellular redox balance through the generation of oxidants and antioxidants. Here, we studied the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-oxidative effect of ELF-EMF in THP-1 cells, particularly with respect to antioxidant enzymes, such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), regulated transcriptionally through nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation. Cells treated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were exposed to a 50 Hz, 1 mT extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields for 1 h, 6 h and, 24 h. Our results indicate that ELF-EMF induced HO-1 mRNA and protein expression in LPS-treated THP-1 cells, with peak expression at 6 h, accompanied with a concomitant migration to the nucleus of a truncated HO-1 protein form. The immunostaining analysis further verified a nuclear enrichment of HO-1. Moreover, ELF-EMF inhibited the protein expressions of the sirtuin1 (SIRT1) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) pathways, confirming their anti-inflammatory/antioxidative role. Pretreatment with LY294002 (Akt inhibitor) and PD980559 (ERK inhibitor) inhibited LPS-induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation and HO-1 protein expression in ELF-EMF-exposed cells. Taken together, our results suggest that short ELF-EMF exposure exerts a protective role in THP-1 cells treated with an inflammatory/oxidative insult such as LPS, via the regulation of Nrf-2/HO-1 and SIRT1 /NF-kB pathways associated with intracellular glutathione (GSH) accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patruno Antonia
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University “G. D’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.A.); (F.A.); (P.M.)
| | - Costantini Erica
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. D’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.F.); (T.O.); (R.M.)
| | - Ferrone Alessio
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University “G. D’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.A.); (F.A.); (P.M.)
| | - Pesce Mirko
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University “G. D’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.A.); (F.A.); (P.M.)
| | - Diomede Francesca
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. D’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.F.); (T.O.); (R.M.)
| | - Trubiani Oriana
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. D’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.F.); (T.O.); (R.M.)
| | - Reale Marcella
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. D’Annunzio”, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.F.); (T.O.); (R.M.)
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8
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Naskar S, Kumaran V, Markandeya YS, Mehta B, Basu B. Neurogenesis-on-Chip: Electric field modulated transdifferentiation of human mesenchymal stem cell and mouse muscle precursor cell coculture. Biomaterials 2019; 226:119522. [PMID: 31669894 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A number of bioengineering strategies, using biophysical stimulation, are being explored to guide the human mesenchymal stem cells (hMScs) into different lineages. In this context, we have limited understanding on the transdifferentiation of matured cells to another functional-cell type, when grown with stem cells, in a constrained cellular microenvironment under biophysical stimulation. While addressing such aspects, the present work reports the influence of the electric field (EF) stimulation on the phenotypic and functionality modulation of the coculture of murine myoblasts (C2C12) with hMScs [hMSc:C2C12=1:10] in a custom designed polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) based microfluidic device with in-built metal electrodes. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of the immunofluorescence study confirms that the cocultured cells in the conditioned medium with astrocytic feed, exhibit differentiation towards neural-committed cells under biophysical stimulation in the range of the endogenous physiological electric field strength (8 ± 0.06 mV/mm). The control experiments using similar culture protocols revealed that while C2C12 monoculture exhibited myotube-like fused structures, the hMScs exhibited the neurosphere-like clusters with SOX2, nestin, βIII-tubulin expression. The electrophysiological study indicates the significant role of intercellular calcium signalling among the differentiated cells towards transdifferentiation. Furthermore, the depolarization induced calcium influx strongly supports neural-like behaviour for the electric field stimulated cells in coculture. The intriguing results are explained in terms of the paracrine signalling among the transdifferentiated cells in the electric field stimulated cellular microenvironment. In summary, the present study establishes the potential for neurogenesis on-chip for the coculture of hMSc and C2C12 cells under tailored electric field stimulation, in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmistha Naskar
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India; Laboratory for Biomaterials, Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India; Centres of Excellence and Innovation in Biotechnology - Translational Centre on Biomaterials for Orthopaedic and Dental Applications, Materials Research Centre, IISc, Bangalore, India
| | - Viswanathan Kumaran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Yogananda S Markandeya
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Bhupesh Mehta
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Bikramjit Basu
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India; Laboratory for Biomaterials, Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India; Centres of Excellence and Innovation in Biotechnology - Translational Centre on Biomaterials for Orthopaedic and Dental Applications, Materials Research Centre, IISc, Bangalore, India.
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The extremely low frequency electromagnetic stimulation selective for cancer cells elicits growth arrest through a metabolic shift. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:1389-1397. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Özgün A, Marote A, Behie LA, Salgado A, Garipcan B. Extremely low frequency magnetic field induces human neuronal differentiation through NMDA receptor activation. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:1281-1290. [PMID: 31317262 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02045-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic fields with different frequency and intensity parameters exhibit a wide range of effects on different biological models. Extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF MF) exposure is known to augment or even initiate neuronal differentiation in several in vitro and in vivo models. This effect holds potential for clinical translation into treatment of neurodegenerative conditions such as autism, Parkinson's disease and dementia by promoting neurogenesis, non-invasively. However, the lack of information on underlying mechanisms hinders further investigation into this phenomenon. Here, we examine involvement of glutamatergic Ca2+ channel, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the process of human neuronal differentiation under ELF MF exposure. We show that human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) differentiate more efficiently under ELF MF exposure in vitro, as demonstrated by the abundance of neuronal markers. Furthermore, they exhibit higher intracellular Ca2+ levels as evidenced by c-fos expression and more elongated mature neurites. We were able to neutralize these effects by blocking NMDA receptors with memantine. As a result, we hypothesize that the effects of ELF MF exposure on neuronal differentiation originate from the effects on NMDA receptors, which sequentially triggers Ca2+-dependent cascades that lead to differentiation. Our findings identify NMDA receptors as a new key player in this field that will aid further research in the pursuit of effect mechanisms of ELF MFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alp Özgün
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ana Marote
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Leo A Behie
- Canada Research Chair in Biomedical Engineering (Emeritus), Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - António Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Bora Garipcan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Mahaki H, Tanzadehpanah H, Jabarivasal N, Sardanian K, Zamani A. A review on the effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) on cytokines of innate and adaptive immunity. Electromagn Biol Med 2018; 38:84-95. [PMID: 30518268 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2018.1545668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) is produced extensively in modern technologies. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that ELF-EMF has both stimulatory and inhibitory effects on the immune system response. This review was conducted on effects of ELF-EMF on cytokines of innate and adaptive immunity. Mechanisms of ELF-EMF, which may modulate immune cell responses, were also studied. Physical and biological parameters of ELF-EMF can interact with each other to create beneficial or harmful effect on the immune cell responses by interfering with the inflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokines. According to the studies, it is supposed that short-term (2-24 h/d up to a week) exposure of ELF-EMF with strong density may increase innate immune response due to an increase of innate immunity cytokines. Furthermore, long-term (2-24 h/d up to 8 years) exposure to low-density ELF-EMF may cause a decrease in adaptive immune response, especially in Th1 subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanie Mahaki
- a Department of Immunology, School of Medicine , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran.,b Research Center for Molecular Medicine , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
| | - Hamid Tanzadehpanah
- b Research Center for Molecular Medicine , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
| | - Naghi Jabarivasal
- c Department of Medical Physics , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
| | - Khosro Sardanian
- a Department of Immunology, School of Medicine , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran.,b Research Center for Molecular Medicine , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
| | - Alireza Zamani
- a Department of Immunology, School of Medicine , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran.,d Molecular Immunology Research Group, Research Center for Molecular Medicine , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
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Buckner CA, Buckner AL, Koren SA, Persinger MA, Lafrenie RM. Exposure to a specific time-varying electromagnetic field inhibits cell proliferation via cAMP and ERK signaling in cancer cells. Bioelectromagnetics 2017; 39:217-230. [PMID: 29125193 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to specific electromagnetic field (EMF) patterns can affect a variety of biological systems. We have shown that exposure to Thomas-EMF, a low-intensity, frequency-modulated (25-6 Hz) EMF pattern, inhibited growth and altered cell signaling in malignant cells. Exposure to Thomas-EMF for 1 h/day inhibited the growth of malignant cells including B16-BL6 mouse melanoma cells, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, BT-20, and MCF-7 human breast cancer and HeLa cervical cancer cells but did not affect non-malignant cells. The Thomas-EMF-dependent changes in cell proliferation were mediated by adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways. Exposure of malignant cells to Thomas-EMF transiently changed the level of cellular cAMP and promoted ERK phosphorylation. Pharmacologic inhibitors (SQ22536) and activators (forskolin) of cAMP production both blocked the ability of Thomas-EMF to inhibit cell proliferation, and an inhibitor of the MAP kinase pathway (PD98059) was able to partially block Thomas-EMF-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation. Genetic modulation of protein kinase A (PKA) in B16-BL6 cells also altered the effect of Thomas-EMF on cell proliferation. Cells transfected with the constitutively active form of PKA (PKA-CA), which interfered with ERK phosphorylation, also interfered with the Thomas-EMF effect on cell proliferation. The non-malignant cells did not show any EMF-dependent changes in cAMP levels, ERK phosphorylation, or cell growth. These data indicate that exposure to the specific Thomas-EMF pattern can inhibit the growth of malignant cells in a manner dependent on contributions from the cAMP and MAP kinase pathways. Bioelectromagnetics. 39;217-230, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly A Buckner
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.,Regional Cancer Program, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alison L Buckner
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.,Regional Cancer Program, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stan A Koren
- Department of Behavioural Neurosciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael A Persinger
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Behavioural Neurosciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert M Lafrenie
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.,Regional Cancer Program, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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Unraveling the mechanistic effects of electric field stimulation towards directing stem cell fate and function: A tissue engineering perspective. Biomaterials 2017; 150:60-86. [PMID: 29032331 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Electric field (EF) stimulation can play a vital role in eliciting appropriate stem cell response. Such an approach is recently being established to guide stem cell differentiation through osteogenesis/neurogenesis/cardiomyogenesis. Despite significant recent efforts, the biophysical mechanisms by which stem cells sense, interpret and transform electrical cues into biochemical and biological signals still remain unclear. The present review critically analyses the variety of EF stimulation approaches that can be employed to evoke appropriate stem cell response and also makes an attempt to summarize the underlying concepts of this notion, placing special emphasis on stem cell based tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. This review also discusses the major signaling pathways and cellular responses that are elicited by electric stimulation, including the participation of reactive oxygen species and heat shock proteins, modulation of intracellular calcium ion concentration, ATP production and numerous other events involving the clustering or reassembling of cell surface receptors, cytoskeletal remodeling and so on. The specific advantages of using external electric stimulation in different modalities to regulate stem cell fate processes are highlighted with explicit examples, in vitro and in vivo.
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Tschon M, Veronesi F, Contartese D, Sartori M, Martini L, Vincenzi F, Ravani A, Varani K, Fini M. Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields and platelet rich plasma in preventing osteoclastogenesis in an in vitro model of osteolysis. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:2645-2656. [PMID: 28786478 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteolysis is the main limiting cause for the survival of an orthopedic prosthesis and is accompanied by an enhancement in osteoclastogenesis and inflammation, due by wear debris formation. Unfortunately therapeutic treatments, besides revision surgery, are not available. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of Pulsed Electro Magnetic Fields (PEMFs) and platelet rich plasma (PRP), alone or in combination, in an in vitro model of osteolysis. Rats peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured on Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene particles and divided into four groups of treatments: (1) PEMF stimulation (12 hr/day, 2.5 mT, 75 Hz, 1.3 ms pulse duration); (2) 10% PRP; (3) combination of PEMFs, and PRP; (4) no treatment. Treatments were performed for 3 days and cell viability, osteoclast number, expression of genes related to osteoclastogenesis and inflammation and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines were assessed up to 14 days. PEMF stimulation exerted best results because it increased cell viability at early time points and counteracted osteoclastogenesis at 14 days. On the contrary, PRP increased osteoclastogenesis and reduced cell viability in comparison to PEMFs alone. The combination of PEMFs and PRP increased cell viability over time and reduced osteoclastogenesis in comparison to PRP alone. However, these positive results did not exceed the level achieved by PEMF alone. At longer time points PEMF could not counteract osteoclastogenesis increased by PRP. Regarding inflammation, all treatments maintained the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines at low level, although PRP increased the level of interleukin 1 beta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Tschon
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Veronesi
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Deyanira Contartese
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Sartori
- Laboratory of Biocompatibility, Technological Innovations and Advanced Therapies, Research Innovation and Technology Department (RIT), Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Martini
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vincenzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Annalisa Ravani
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Katia Varani
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Milena Fini
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
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Lucia U, Grisolia G, Ponzetto A, Silvagno F. An engineering thermodynamic approach to select the electromagnetic wave effective on cell growth. J Theor Biol 2017; 429:181-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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16
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Ma Q, Chen C, Deng P, Zhu G, Lin M, Zhang L, Xu S, He M, Lu Y, Duan W, Pi H, Cao Z, Pei L, Li M, Liu C, Zhang Y, Zhong M, Zhou Z, Yu Z. Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields Promote In Vitro Neuronal Differentiation and Neurite Outgrowth of Embryonic Neural Stem Cells via Up-Regulating TRPC1. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150923. [PMID: 26950212 PMCID: PMC4780708 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) can enhance hippocampal neurogenesis in adult mice. However, little is focused on the effects of ELF-EMFs on embryonic neurogenesis. Here, we studied the potential effects of ELF-EMFs on embryonic neural stem cells (eNSCs). We exposed eNSCs to ELF-EMF (50 Hz, 1 mT) for 1, 2, and 3 days with 4 hours per day. We found that eNSC proliferation and maintenance were significantly enhanced after ELF-EMF exposure in proliferation medium. ELF-EMF exposure increased the ratio of differentiated neurons and promoted the neurite outgrowth of eNSC-derived neurons without influencing astrocyes differentiation and the cell apoptosis. In addition, the expression of the proneural genes, NeuroD and Ngn1, which are crucial for neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth, was increased after ELF-EMF exposure. Moreover, the expression of transient receptor potential canonical 1 (TRPC1) was significantly up-regulated accompanied by increased the peak amplitude of intracellular calcium level induced by ELF-EMF. Furthermore, silencing TRPC1 expression eliminated the up-regulation of the proneural genes and the promotion of neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth induced by ELF-EMF. These results suggest that ELF-EMF exposure promotes the neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth of eNSCs via up-regulation the expression of TRPC1 and proneural genes (NeuroD and Ngn1). These findings also provide new insights in understanding the effects of ELF-EMF exposure on embryonic brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinlong Ma
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunhai Chen
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Deng
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Zhu
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Lin
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shangcheng Xu
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mindi He
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yonghui Lu
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weixia Duan
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huifeng Pi
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengwang Cao
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liping Pei
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanwen Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Zhong
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (ZY); (ZZ)
| | - Zhengping Yu
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education of China, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (ZY); (ZZ)
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Golbach LA, Philippi JG, Cuppen JJ, Savelkoul HF, Verburg-van Kemenade BL. Calcium signalling in human neutrophil cell lines is not affected by low-frequency electromagnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics 2015; 36:430-43. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.21924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lieke A. Golbach
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group; Wageningen University; The Netherlands
| | - John G.M. Philippi
- Lab of Biophysics and Wageningen NMR Centre; Wageningen University; The Netherlands
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18
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Li Y, Yan X, Liu J, Li L, Hu X, Sun H, Tian J. Pulsed electromagnetic field enhances brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression through L-type voltage-gated calcium channel- and Erk-dependent signaling pathways in neonatal rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. Neurochem Int 2014; 75:96-104. [PMID: 24937769 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) exposure has been reported to promote neuronal differentiation, the mechanism is still unclear. Here, we aimed to examine the effects of PEMF exposure on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) mRNA expression and the correlation between the intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) and Bdnf mRNA expression in cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRGNs). Exposure to 50Hz and 1mT PEMF for 2h increased the level of [Ca(2+)]i and Bdnf mRNA expression, which was found to be mediated by increased [Ca(2+)]i from Ca(2+) influx through L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs). However, calcium mobilization was not involved in the increased [Ca(2+)]i and BDNF expression, indicating that calcium influx was one of the key factors responding to PEMF exposure. Moreover, PD098059, an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) inhibitor, strongly inhibited PEMF-dependant Erk1/2 activation and BDNF expression, indicating that Erk activation is required for PEMF-induced upregulation of BDNF expression. These findings indicated that PEMF exposure increased BDNF expression in DRGNs by activating Ca(2+)- and Erk-dependent signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Second Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, PR China
| | - Juanfang Liu
- Department of Clinical Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Shaanxi Provincial TCM Hospital, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Xinghua Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shaanxi Provincial TCM Hospital, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Honghui Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, PR China.
| | - Jing Tian
- Second Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, PR China.
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19
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Yong Y, Ming ZD, Feng L, Chun ZW, Hua W. Electromagnetic fields promote osteogenesis of rat mesenchymal stem cells through the PKA and ERK1/2 pathways. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2014; 10:E537-E545. [PMID: 24634418 DOI: 10.1002/term.1864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that electromagnetic fields (EMFs) can promote the healing of non-union, osteogenesis and differentiation of the osteoblasts. However, its mechanism has not been unravelled. In this study, we detected some response induced by EMF and evaluated the importance of these signals for EMF-induced osteogenesis in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). We characterized the expression of EMF-induced osteogenesis markers in MSCs, using RT-PCR and real-time PCR. Western blot was used to detect the signalling pathways. We found that EMF could promote osteogenesis in MSCs, along with the expression of several osteogenic markers. EMF-induced cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) level increase causes protein kinase A (PKA) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 phosphorylation. Pretreating the MSCs with the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ERK kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2) inhibitor PD98059, or the PKA inhibitor H-89, significantly inhibited the induction of osteogenic markers, showing that EMF induction of osteogenesis was dependent on the ERK and PKA signalling pathways. Therefore, our study showed that EMF promoted MSC osteogenesis and that the EMF-induced osteogenic markers were mediated by both the PKA and MAPK signalling pathways. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Dong Ming
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Optical Valley School District, Hubei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Wen Chun
- Department of Engineering, Navy University of Engineering, Wuhan of Hubei province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu Hua
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Wei J, Sun J, Xu H, Shi L, Sun L, Zhang J. Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on intracellular calcium transients in cardiomyocytes. Electromagn Biol Med 2014; 34:77-84. [DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2014.881744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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21
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Iorio R, Bennato F, Mancini F, Colonna RC. ELF-MF transiently increases skeletal myoblast migration: possible role of calpain system. Int J Radiat Biol 2013; 89:548-61. [PMID: 23367877 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2013.771825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cell migration is crucial for myogenesis since it is required for the alignment and fusion of myoblast. Ca(2+) signals are involved in regulating myoblast migration and an extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic field (MF) increases intracellular calcium levels in C2C12 myoblast. This study was aimed at investigating whether ELF-MF could affect myoblast migration. As calpains contribute to the regulation of myoblast motility, the effect of ELF-MF on μ- and m-calpain was also investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of ELF-MF (1 mT; 50 Hz) on C2C12 cell motility was observed by wound-healing assay. Protein expression of calpains, calpastatin, myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) and vinculin were examined by Western blot analysis. Casein zymography and immunofluorescence analysis were carried out to evaluate, respectively, activity levels of calpains and intracellular distribution of calpains, calpastatin and actin. RESULTS Exposure to ELF-MF resulted in a transient but significant increase of myoblast migration. This stimulatory effect was associated with a marked increase of μ- and m-calpain activity followed by the concomitant variation in their subcellular localization. No significant changes in intracellular distribution and protein levels of calpastatin were detected. Finally, a significant decrease of MARCKS expression and modifications of actin dynamics were reported. CONCLUSIONS This study clearly outlines an involvement of calpains in ELF-MF-mediated myoblast migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Iorio
- Departments of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, 67100 Italy.
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22
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Poniedzialek B, Rzymski P, Nawrocka-Bogusz H, Jaroszyk F, Wiktorowicz K. The effect of electromagnetic field on reactive oxygen species production in human neutrophils in vitro. Electromagn Biol Med 2012; 32:333-41. [PMID: 23137127 DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2012.721845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken in order to determine the effect of low frequency electromagnetic field (EMF) on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human neutrophils in peripheral blood in vitro. We investigated how differently generated EMF and several levels of magnetic induction affect ROS production. To evaluate the level of ROS production, two fluorescent dyes were used: 2'7'-dichlorofluorscein-diacetate and dihydrorhodamine. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), known as strong stimulator of the respiratory burst, was also used. Alternating magnetic field was generated by means of Viofor JPS apparatus. Three different levels of magnetic induction have been analyzed (10, 40 and 60 μT). Fluorescence of dichlorofluorescein and 123 rhodamine was measured by flow cytometry. The experiments demonstrated that only EMF tuned to the calcium ion cyclotron resonance frequency was able to affect ROS production in neutrophils. Statistical analysis showed that this effect depended on magnetic induction value of applied EMF. Incubation in EMF inhibited cell activity slightly in unstimulated neutrophils, whereas the activity of PMA-stimulated neutrophils has increased after incubation in EMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Poniedzialek
- Department of Biology and Environmental Protection, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
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23
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Lei Y, Chen J, Zhang W, Fu W, Wu G, Wei H, Wang Q, Ruan J. In vivo investigation on the potential of galangin, kaempferol and myricetin for protection of D-galactose-induced cognitive impairment. Food Chem 2012; 135:2702-7. [PMID: 22980861 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The potential of three natural flavonols (galangin, kaempferol and myricetin) to protect against D-galactose-induced cognitive impairment in mice was investigated. After 8 weeks treatment, the mice were assessed by behavioural tests. The levels of oxidative stress, the amount of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)-cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) signaling pathway in hippocampus were also analysed. It was found that all the three dietary flavonols could ameliorate the oxidative stress, enhance the activity of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and regulate the expression of ERK-CREB pathway in mice. However, only kaempferol and myricetin could significantly improve the learning and memory capability when compared with D-galactose model. Our results suggest that the presence of hydroxyl groups in the B ring of flavonols may have contribution to the neuroprotective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfang Lei
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Evaluations of the Effects of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Growth and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int J Microbiol 2012; 2012:587293. [PMID: 22577384 PMCID: PMC3335185 DOI: 10.1155/2012/587293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the effects of exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (2 mT; 50 Hz) on the growth rate and antibiotic sensitivity of E. coli ATCC 25922 and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853. The electromagnetic field treatment significantly influenced the growth rate of both strains when incubated in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of kanamycin (1 μg/mL) and amikacin (0.5 μg/mL), respectively. In particular, at 4, 6, and 8 h of incubation the number of cells was significantly decreased in bacteria exposed to electromagnetic field when compared with the control. Additionally, at 24 h of incubation, the percentage of cells increased (P. aeruginosa∼42%; E. coli∼5%) in treated groups with respect to control groups suggesting a progressive adaptive response. By contrast, no remarkable differences were found in the antibiotic susceptibility and on the growth rate of both bacteria comparing exposed groups with control groups.
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25
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Marcantonio P, Del Re B, Franceschini A, Capri M, Lukas S, Bersani F, Giorgi G. Synergic effect of retinoic acid and extremely low frequency magnetic field exposure on human neuroblastoma cell line BE(2)C. Bioelectromagnetics 2011; 31:425-33. [PMID: 20564173 DOI: 10.1002/bem.20581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess whether exposure to a sinusoidal extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF; 50 Hz, 1 mT) can affect proliferation and differentiation in the human neuroblastoma cell line BE(2)C, which is representative of high risk neuroblastomas. Cells were subjected to ELF-MF exposure in the presence or absence of a neuronal differentiating agent (all-trans-retinoic acid, ATRA) for 24-72 h. In each experiment, ELF-MF-exposed samples were compared to sham-exposed samples. Cells exposed to ELF-MF combined with retinoic treatment showed a decreased cellular proliferation and an increased proportion of G(0)/G(1) phase cells compared to cells exposed to either treatment alone. Moreover, ELF-MF- and ATRA-treated cells showed more differentiated morphological traits (a higher neurite number/cell, an increased neurite length), together with a significant increase of mRNA levels of p21(WAF1/CIP1) and cdk5 genes, both involved in neuronal differentiation. In addition, the expression of cyp19 gene, which is involved both in neuronal differentiation and stress response, was evaluated; cyp19 gene expression was enhanced by ATRA treatment and significantly enhanced further by ELF-MF exposure combined with ATRA. In conclusion, our data suggest that ELF-MF exposure can strengthen ATRA effects on neuroblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Marcantonio
- Department of Evolutionary Experimental Biology, University of Bologna, Italy
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26
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Martin LJ, Koren SA, Persinger MA. INFLUENCE OF A COMPLEX MAGNETIC FIELD APPLICATION IN RATS UPON THERMAL NOCICEPTIVE THRESHOLDS: THE IMPORTANCE OF POLARITY AND TIMING. Int J Neurosci 2009; 114:1259-76. [PMID: 15370185 DOI: 10.1080/00207450490475689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The application of a weak (1 microTesla) complex magnetic field pattern with a relevant electrophysiological signature produced an analgesic response in rats to thermal stimuli when the pattern was presented once every 4 sec for 30 min through iron-core solenoids. In one experiment, the burst-firing pattern was presented once every 4 s for 30 min and restricted to the positive polarity, negative polarity or a bipolar equivalent. The strongest analgesia occurred when the burst-firing pattern was presented with positive polarity or as the typical bipolar signal. Administrations of the burst-firing pattern once per week for four consecutive weeks produced analgesia that was clearly evident during the first, third, and fourth weeks but not during the second week of treatment. A telephone sensor coil (that can be readily obtained from local electronic shops) was then used instead of the solenoids along with an audio (.wav) file to generate the magnetic field; the analgesia was still apparent. However, when the magnetic pattern was generated from a compact disc source the analgesia was not evoked. The current results suggest that these fields can be generated through simple commercial devices controlled by available computer software.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Martin
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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27
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Chronic exposure to low-intensity magnetic field improves acquisition and maintenance of memory. Neuroreport 2008; 19:549-52. [DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0b013e3282f8b1a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Piacentini R, Ripoli C, Mezzogori D, Azzena GB, Grassi C. Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields promote in vitro neurogenesis via upregulation of Ca(v)1-channel activity. J Cell Physiol 2008; 215:129-39. [PMID: 17941084 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELFEFs) increases the expression and function of voltage-gated Ca2+)channels and that Ca2+ influx through Ca(v)1 channels plays a key role in promoting the neuronal differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs). The present study was conducted to determine whether ELFEFs influence the neuronal differentiation of NSCs isolated from the brain cortices of newborn mice by modulating Ca(v)1-channel function. In cultures of differentiating NSCs exposed to ELFEFs (1 mT, 50 Hz), the percentage of cells displaying immunoreactivity for neuronal markers (beta-III-tubulin, MAP2) and for Ca(v)1.2 and Ca(v)1.3 channels was markedly increased. NSC-differentiated neurons in ELFEF-exposed cultures also exhibited significant increases in spontaneous firing, in the percentage of cells exhibiting Ca2+ transients in response to KCl stimulation, in the amplitude of these transients and of Ca2+ currents generated by the activation of Ca(v)1 channels. When the Ca(v)1-channel blocker nifedipine (5 microM) was added to the culture medium, the neuronal yield of NSC differentiation dropped significantly, and ELFEF exposure no longer produced significant increases in beta-III-tubulin- and MAP2-immunoreactivity rates. In contrast, the effects of ELFEFs were preserved when NSCs were cultured in the presence of either glutamate receptor antagonists or Ca(v)2.1- and Ca(v)2.2-channel blockers. ELFEF stimulation during the first 24 h of differentiation caused Ca(v)1-dependent increases in the number of cells displaying CREB phosphorylation. Our data suggest that ELFEF exposure promotes neuronal differentiation of NSCs by upregulating Ca(v)1-channel expression and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Piacentini
- Institute of Human Physiology, Medical School, Catholic University S. Cuore, Rome, Italy
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29
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Che Y, Sun H, Cui Y, Zhou D, Ma Y. Effects of exposure to 50Hz magnetic field of 1mT on the performance of detour learning task by chicks. Brain Res Bull 2007; 74:178-82. [PMID: 17683805 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2007.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2007] [Revised: 05/24/2007] [Accepted: 06/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we examined the effects of exposure to an extremely low-frequency magnetic field of 1 mT intensity on learning and memory in Lohmann brown domestic chicks using detour learning task. These results show that 20 h/day exposure to a low-frequency magnetic field induces a significant impairment in detour learning but 50 min/day exposure has no effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Che
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650223, PR China.
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Krewski D, Glickman BW, Habash RWY, Habbick B, Lotz WG, Mandeville R, Prato FS, Salem T, Weaver DF. Recent advances in research on radiofrequency fields and health: 2001-2003. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2007; 10:287-318. [PMID: 17620203 DOI: 10.1080/15287390600974973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of wireless telecommunications devices, particularly mobile phones, has resulted in increased human exposure to radiofrequency (RF) fields. Although national and international agencies have established safety guidelines for exposure to RF fields, concerns remain about the potential for adverse health outcomes to occur in relation to RF field exposure. The extensive literature on RF fields and health has been reviewed by a number of authorities, including the Royal Society of Canada (1999), the European Commission's Scientific Committee on Toxicity, Ecotoxicity, and the Environment (CSTEE, 2001), the British Medical Association (2001), the Swedish Radiation Protection Authority (Boice & McLaughlin, 2002), and the Health Council of The Netherlands (2002). This report provides an update on recent research results on the potential health risks of RF fields since the publication of the Royal Society of Canada report in 1999 (See Krewski et al., 2001a) and our previous 2001 update (Krewski et al., 2001b), covering the period 2001-2003. The present report examines new data on dosimetry and exposure assessment, biological effects such as enzyme induction, and toxicological effects, including genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and testicular and reproductive outcomes. Epidemiological studies of mobile phone users and occupationally exposed populations are examined, along with human and animal studies of neurological and behavioral effects. All of the authoritative reviews completed within the last 2 yr have concluded that there is no clear evidence of adverse health effects associated with RF fields. However, following a recent review of nine epidemiological studies of mobile phones and cancer, Kundi et al. (2004) concluded that the possibility of an enhanced cancer risk cannot be excluded. These same reviews support the need for further research to clarify the possible associations between RF fields and adverse health outcomes that have appeared in some reports. The results of the ongoing World Health Organization (WHO) study of mobile phones will provide important new information in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Krewski
- R. Samuel McLaughlin Center for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Aaron RK, Ciombor DM, Wang S, Simon B. Clinical Biophysics: The Promotion of Skeletal Repair by Physical Forces. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 1068:513-31. [PMID: 16831948 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1346.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal tissues respond to the physical demands of their environment by altering the synthesis and organization of the extracellular matrix. These observations have major implications for how physical environmental demands result in the clinical observations of atrophy and hypertrophy, and how manipulation of the physical environment can be used therapeutically to stimulate repair. Electrical stimulation will be considered as a paradigm of how musculoskeletal tissues respond to physical stimuli. A model of demineralized bone matrix-induced endochondral ossification has been used because it epitomizes the cell biology of endochondral bone formation in a temporally consistent way. We have studied cartilage and bone matrix production, the temporal locus of cell responsiveness, signal dosimetry, and the synthesis of signaling cytokines (TGF-beta) using biochemical, immunohistochemical, and molecular techniques. Exposure to certain electrical environments enhances chondrocyte differentiation reflected as a temporal acceleration and quantitative increase of cartilage extracellular matrix, earlier onset of osteogenesis, and more mature trabecular bone. The cell pool competent to respond resides in the mesenchymal stage. The enhancement in chondrogenesis is associated with an increase in TGF-beta synthesis mediated at least in part by binding of the transcription factor AP-1 and may be modulated specifically by phosphorylation of JNK. The clinical practice of orthopedics has empirically created a variety of biophysical environments in attempts to optimize skeletal repair. We are beginning to understand the biological effects of biophysical stimulation and are now poised to replace empiricism with treatment paradigms based upon physiologic understandings of dose and biologic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy K Aaron
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brown Medical School, 100 Butler Drive, Providence, RI 02906, USA.
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32
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. ARS, . SNP, . HS. Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on Structure and Function of Rat Glioma Cell Line. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.3923/jm.2006.124.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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McCreary CR, Dixon SJ, Fraher LJ, Carson JJL, Prato FS. Real-time measurement of cytosolic free calcium concentration in Jurkat cells during ELF magnetic field exposure and evaluation of the role of cell cycle. Bioelectromagnetics 2006; 27:354-64. [PMID: 16715520 DOI: 10.1002/bem.20248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF MF) have been reported to alter a number of cell signaling pathways, including those involved in proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis where cytosolic free calcium ([Ca(2+)](c)) plays an important role. To better understand the biological conditions under which ELF MF exposure might alter [Ca(2+)](c), we measured [Ca(2+)](c) by ratiometric fluorescence spectrophotometry during exposure to ELF MF in Jurkat E6.1 cells synchronized to different phases of the cell cycle. Suspensions of cells were exposed either to a near zero MF (Null) or a 60 Hz, 100 microT sinusoidal MF superimposed upon a collinear 78.1 microT static MF (AC + DC). An initial series of experiments indicated that the maximum increase in [Ca(2+)](c) above baseline after stimulation with anti-CD3 was significantly higher in samples exposed to AC + DC (n = 30) compared to Null (n = 30) with the largest difference in G2-M enriched samples. However, in a second study with G2-M enriched cells, samples treated with AC + DC (n = 17) were not statistically different from Null-treated samples (n = 27). Detailed analysis revealed that the dynamics in [Ca(2+)](c) before and after stimulation with anti-CD3 were dissimilar between Null samples from each study. From the results, we concluded (i) that the ELF MF increased [Ca(2+)](c) during an antibody-induced signaling event, (ii) that the ELF MF effect did not depend to a large degree on cell cycle, and (iii) that a field-related change in [Ca(2+)](c) signaling appeared to correlate with features in the [Ca(2+)](c) dynamics. Future work could evaluate [Ca(2+)](c) dynamics in relation to the phase of the cell cycle and inter-study variation, which may reveal factors important for the observation of real-time effects of ELF MF on [Ca(2+)](c).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl R McCreary
- Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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Hiragami F, Akiyama J, Koike Y, Kano Y. Enhancement of hydroxyapatite-mediated three-dimensional-like proliferation of mouse fibroblasts by heat treatment: effects of heat shock-induced p38 MAPK pathway. J Biomed Mater Res A 2005; 74:705-11. [PMID: 16035075 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of the biocompatibility of compositional hydroxyapatite (HA) with cells is affected by various environmental factors. The aim of this study was to determine whether the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway has a key role in enhancement of HA-mediated three-dimensional (3D)-like proliferation of mouse fibroblasts after heat treatment. C3H10T1/2 mouse fibroblasts were cultured with HA granules for 10 weeks after heat treatment at 44 degrees C for 5, 10, 20, and 30 min. The mean rate of formation of 3D-like proliferation patterns by cells heat treated for 20 min was only 2.1-fold higher than that by untreated cells, but the mean rates of formation of 3D-like proliferation patterns by cells heat treated for 5 and 10 min were significantly higher (3.7- and 3.3-fold higher, respectively) than that by untreated cells (p < 0.01). Western blot analysis demonstrated that phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was markedly increased by heat treatment at 44 degrees C for 5 and 10 min. In addition, the activation of heat shock-induced p38 MAPK was markedly reduced by treatment at 44 degrees C for 30 min. We concluded that 3D-like proliferation of heat-treated cells was induced by activation of p38 MAPK. The results of this study should be useful for further studies aimed at elucidation of regulation of the biocompatibility of compositional HA with cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fukumi Hiragami
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Science, KIBI International University, 8 Iga-machi Takahashi City, Okayama 716-8505, Japan.
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Luceri C, De Filippo C, Giovannelli L, Blangiardo M, Cavalieri D, Aglietti F, Pampaloni M, Andreuccetti D, Pieri L, Bambi F, Biggeri A, Dolara P. Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields do not Affect DNA Damage and Gene Expression Profiles of Yeast and Human Lymphocytes. Radiat Res 2005; 164:277-85. [PMID: 16137200 DOI: 10.1667/rr3426.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effects of extremely low-frequency (50 Hz) electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on peripheral human blood lymphocytes and DBY747 Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Graded exposure to 50 Hz magnetic flux density was obtained with a Helmholtz coil system set at 1, 10 or 100 microT for 18 h. The effects of EMFs on DNA damage were studied with the single-cell gel electrophoresis assay (comet assay) in lymphocytes. Gene expression profiles of EMF-exposed human and yeast cells were evaluated with DNA microarrays containing 13,971 and 6,212 oligonucleotides, respectively. After exposure to the EMF, we did not observe an increase in the amount of strand breaks or oxidated DNA bases relative to controls or a variation in gene expression profiles. The results suggest that extremely low-frequency EMFs do not induce DNA damage or affect gene expression in these two different eukaryotic cell systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Luceri
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy.
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Capri M, Mesirca P, Remondini D, Carosella S, Pasi S, Castellani G, Franceschi C, Bersani F. 50 Hz sinusoidal magnetic fields do not affect human lymphocyte activation and proliferationin vitro. Phys Biol 2004; 1:211-9. [PMID: 16204841 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3967/1/4/003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In the last 30 years, an increasing public concern about the possible harmful effects of electromagnetic fields generated by power lines and domestic appliances has pushed the scientific community to search for a correct and comprehensive answer to this problem. In this work the effects of exposure to 50 Hz sinusoidal magnetic fields, with a magnetic flux density of 0.05 mT and 2.5 mT (peak values), were studied on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected from healthy young and elderly donors. Cell activation and proliferation were investigated by using flow cytometry techniques and 3H-TdR incorporation assays, respectively. The results obtained indicated that exposure to the fields altered neither DNA synthesis nor the capacity of lymphocytes to enter the activation phase and progress into the cell cycle. Thus, the conclusions are that two important functional phases of human lymphocytes, such as activation and proliferation, are not affected by exposures to 50 Hz magnetic fields similar to those found under power lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Capri
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Via S Giacomo 12, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Choi SC, Kim BS, Song MY, Choi EY, Oh HM, Lyou JH, Han WC, Moon HB, Kim TH, Oh JM, Chung HT, Jun CD. Downregulation of p38 kinase pathway by cAMP response element-binding protein protects HL-60 cells from iron chelator-induced apoptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2003; 35:1171-84. [PMID: 14607516 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(03)00503-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The signaling mechanisms that control apoptotic events evoked by iron chelators are largely unknown. We found that cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) is cleaved during iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO)-induced apoptosis, and that the cleavage is largely prevented by the cell-permeable analog of cAMP, dibutyryl-cAMP (dbcAMP), a known CREB activator. In addition, dbcAMP profoundly reduced DFO-induced apoptosis along with significant suppression of caspase-3 and -8 activation and inhibition of loss of mitochondrial potential. These results led us to investigate whether CREB activation is functionally connected with the MAPK family members because we previously demonstrated that p38 kinase is involved in iron chelator-induced apoptosis of HL-60 cells. dbcAMP by itself rapidly induced CREB phosphorylation but dramatically inhibited DFO-induced phosphorylation of all three MAPK family members. However, disruption of CREB expression by antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotide (AS-ODN) only restored p38 kinase activation, and simultaneously attenuated dbcAMP-induced protection of HL-60 cells from DFO-induced cell death. Conversely, inhibition of p38 kinase activity by SB203580 significantly reduced DFO-induced CREB cleavage as well as apoptosis, indicating a cross-talk between CREB and p38 kinase. Collectively, these results demonstrate that cAMP-dependent CREB activation plays an important role in protecting HL-60 cells from iron chelator-induced apoptosis, presumably through downregulation of p38 kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suck Chei Choi
- Digestive Disease Research Institute, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Chonbuk, South Korea
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