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Katariya MM, Snee M, Tunnicliffe RB, Kavanagh ME, Boshoff HIM, Amadi CN, Levy CW, Munro AW, Abell C, Leys D, Coyne AG, McLean KJ. Structure Based Discovery of Inhibitors of CYP125 and CYP142 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203868. [PMID: 36912255 PMCID: PMC10205683 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) was responsible for approximately 1.6 million deaths in 2021. With the emergence of extensive drug resistance, novel therapeutic agents are urgently needed, and continued drug discovery efforts required. Host-derived lipids such as cholesterol not only support Mtb growth, but are also suspected to function in immunomodulation, with links to persistence and immune evasion. Mtb cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes facilitate key steps in lipid catabolism and thus present potential targets for inhibition. Here we present a series of compounds based on an ethyl 5-(pyridin-4-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate pharmacophore which bind strongly to both Mtb cholesterol oxidases CYP125 and CYP142. Using a structure-guided approach, combined with biophysical characterization, compounds with micromolar range in-cell activity against clinically relevant drug-resistant isolates were obtained. These will incite further development of much-needed additional treatment options and provide routes to probe the role of CYP125 and CYP142 in Mtb pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M. Katariya
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Matthew Snee
- Department of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Richard B. Tunnicliffe
- Department of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Madeline E. Kavanagh
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
- Department of ChemistryThe Skaggs Institute for Chemical BiologyThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCA 92-37USA
| | - Helena I. M. Boshoff
- Tuberculosis Research SectionNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesLaboratory of Clinical Immunology and MicrobiologyNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD 20892USA
| | - Cecilia N. Amadi
- Department of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Colin W. Levy
- Department of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Andrew W. Munro
- Department of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Chris Abell
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - David Leys
- Department of ChemistryManchester Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Anthony G. Coyne
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Kirsty J. McLean
- Department of Biological and Geographical SciencesUniversity of HuddersfieldSchool of Applied SciencesQueensgateHuddersfieldHD1 3DHUK
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Mohamed H, Child SA, Bruning JB, Bell SG. A comparison of the bacterial CYP51 cytochrome P450 enzymes from Mycobacterium marinum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 221:106097. [PMID: 35346833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Members of the CYP51 family of cytochrome P450 enzymes are classified as sterol demethylases involved in the metabolic formation of cholesterol and related derivatives. The CYP51 enzyme from Mycobacterium marinum was studied and compared to its counterpart from Mycobacterium tuberculosis to determine the degree of functional conservation between them. Spectroscopic analyses of substrate and inhibitor binding of the purified CYP51 enzymes from M. marinum and M. tuberculosis were performed. The catalytic oxidation of lanosterol and related steroids was investigated. M. marinum CYP51 was structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. The CYP51 enzyme of M. marinum is sequentially closely related to CYP51B1 from M. tuberculosis. However, differences in the heme spin state of each enzyme were observed upon the addition of steroids and other ligands. Both enzymes displayed different binding properties to those reported for the CYP51-Fdx fusion protein from the bacterium Methylococcus capsulatus. The enzymes were able to oxidatively demethylate lanosterol to generate 14-demethylanosterol, but no products were detected for the related species dihydrolanosterol and eburicol. The crystal structure of CYP51 from M. marinum in the absence of added substrate but with a Bis-Tris molecule within the active site was resolved. The CYP51 enzyme of M. marinum displays differences in how steroids and other ligands bind compared to the M. tuberculosis enzyme. This was related to structural differences between the two enzymes. Overall, both of these CYP51 enzymes from mycobacterial species displayed significant differences to the CYP51 enzymes of eukaryotic species and the bacterial CYP51-Fdx enzyme of Me. capsulatus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stella A Child
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - John B Bruning
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Stephen G Bell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
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3
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Detection of a target protein (GroEl2) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis using a derivative of 1,2,4-triazolethiols. Mol Divers 2021; 26:2535-2548. [PMID: 34822095 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10351-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we identified a potent lead compound RRA2, within a series of 54 derivatives of 1,2,4-triazolethiols (exhibit good potency as an anti-mycobacterial agents) against intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Compound RRA2 showed significant mycobactericidal activity against active stage Mycobacterium bovis BCG and Mtb with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 2.3 and 2.0 µg/mL, respectively. At MIC value, RRA2 compound yielded 0.82 log reduction of colony-forming unit (cfu) against non-replicating Mtb. Furthermore, RRA2 compound was selected for further target identification due to the presence of alkyne group, showing higher selectivity index (> 66.66 ± 0.22, in non-replicating stage). Using "click" chemistry, we synthesized the biotin linker-RRA2 conjugate, purified with HPLC method and confirmed the conjugation of biotin linker-RRA2 complex by HR-MS analysis. Furthermore, we successfully pulled down and identified a specific target protein GroEl2, from Mtb whole-cell extract. Furthermore, computational molecular modeling indicated RRA2 could interact with GroEl2, which explains the structure-activity relationship observed in this study. GroEL-2 identified a potent and specific target protein for RRA 2 compound in whole cell extract of Mtb H37Ra.
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Ortega Ugalde S, Boot M, Commandeur JNM, Jennings P, Bitter W, Vos JC. Function, essentiality, and expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes and their cognate redox partners in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: are they drug targets? Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:3597-3614. [PMID: 30810776 PMCID: PMC6469627 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09697-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This review covers the current knowledge of the cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) of the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and their endogenous redox partners, focusing on their biological function, expression, regulation, involvement in antibiotic resistance, and suitability for exploitation as antitubercular targets. The Mtb genome encodes twenty CYPs and nine associated redox partners required for CYP catalytic activity. Transposon insertion mutagenesis studies have established the (conditional) essentiality of several of these enzymes for in vitro growth and host infection. Biochemical characterization of a handful of Mtb CYPs has revealed that they have specific physiological functions in bacterial virulence and persistence in the host. Analysis of the transcriptional response of Mtb CYPs and redox partners to external insults and to first-line antibiotics used to treat tuberculosis showed a diverse expression landscape, suggesting for some enzymes a potential role in drug resistance. Combining the knowledge about the physiological roles and expression profiles indicates that, at least five Mtb CYPs, CYP121A1, CYP125A1, CYP139A1, CYP142A1, and CYP143A1, as well as two ferredoxins, FdxA and FdxC, can be considered promising novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ortega Ugalde
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Maikel Boot
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jan N M Commandeur
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Jennings
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilbert Bitter
- Section of Molecular Microbiology, AIMMS, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Chris Vos
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Potential drug targets in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cytochrome P450 system. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 180:235-245. [PMID: 29352597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome encodes twenty cytochrome P450 enzymes, most or all of which appear to have specific physiological functions rather than being devoted to the removal of xenobiotics. However, in many cases their specific functions remain obscure. Considerable spectroscopic, biophysical, crystallographic, and catalytic information is available on nine of these cytochrome P450 enzymes, although gaps exist in our knowledge of even these enzymes. The available evidence indicates that at least three of the better-characterized enzymes are promising targets for antituberculosis drug discovery. This review summarizes the information on the nine relatively well-characterized cytochrome P450 enzymes, with a particular emphasis on CYP121, CYP125, and CYP142 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium smegmatis.
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Briffotaux J, Huang W, Wang X, Gicquel B. MmpS5/MmpL5 as an efflux pump in Mycobacterium species. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2017; 107:13-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Brengel C, Thomann A, Schifrin A, Allegretta G, Kamal AAM, Haupenthal J, Schnorr I, Cho SH, Franzblau SG, Empting M, Eberhard J, Hartmann RW. Biophysical Screening of a Focused Library for the Discovery of CYP121 Inhibitors as Novel Antimycobacterials. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:1616-1626. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Brengel
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, HIPS; Department for Drug Design and Optimization; Campus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Andreas Thomann
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, HIPS; Department for Drug Design and Optimization; Campus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Alexander Schifrin
- Department of Biochemistry; Saarland University; Campus B2.2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Giuseppe Allegretta
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, HIPS; Department for Drug Design and Optimization; Campus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Ahmed A. M. Kamal
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, HIPS; Department for Drug Design and Optimization; Campus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Jörg Haupenthal
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, HIPS; Department for Drug Design and Optimization; Campus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Isabell Schnorr
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, HIPS; Department for Drug Design and Optimization; Campus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Sang Hyun Cho
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research; College of Pharmacy; University of Illinois at Chicago; 833 S. Wood Street Chicago IL 60612-7231 USA
| | - Scott G. Franzblau
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research; College of Pharmacy; University of Illinois at Chicago; 833 S. Wood Street Chicago IL 60612-7231 USA
| | - Martin Empting
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, HIPS; Department for Drug Design and Optimization; Campus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Jens Eberhard
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, HIPS; Department for Drug Design and Optimization; Campus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Rolf W. Hartmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, HIPS; Department for Drug Design and Optimization; Campus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- Department of Pharmacy; Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry; Saarland University; Campus C2.3 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
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Dornevil K, Davis I, Fielding AJ, Terrell JR, Ma L, Liu A. Cross-linking of dicyclotyrosine by the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP121 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis proceeds through a catalytic shunt pathway. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:13645-13657. [PMID: 28667013 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.794099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CYP121, the cytochrome P450 enzyme in Mycobacterium tuberculosis that catalyzes a single intramolecular C-C cross-linking reaction in the biosynthesis of mycocyclosin, is crucial for the viability of this pathogen. This C-C coupling reaction represents an expansion of the activities carried out by P450 enzymes distinct from oxygen insertion. Although the traditional mechanism for P450 enzymes has been well studied, it is unclear whether CYP121 follows the general P450 mechanism or uses a different catalytic strategy for generating an iron-bound oxidant. To gain mechanistic insight into the CYP121-catalyzed reaction, we tested the peroxide shunt pathway by using rapid kinetic techniques to monitor the enzyme activity with its substrate dicyclotyrosine (cYY) and observed the formation of the cross-linked product mycocyclosin by LC-MS. In stopped-flow experiments, we observed that cYY binding to CYP121 proceeds in a two-step process, and EPR spectroscopy indicates that the binding induces active site reorganization and uniformity. Using rapid freeze-quenching EPR, we observed the formation of a high-spin intermediate upon the addition of peracetic acid to the enzyme-substrate complex. This intermediate exhibits a high-spin (S = 5/2) signal with g values of 2.00, 5.77, and 6.87. Likewise, iodosylbenzene could also produce mycocyclosin, implicating compound I as the initial oxidizing species. Moreover, we also demonstrated that CYP121 performs a standard peroxidase type of reaction by observing substrate-based radicals. On the basis of these results, we propose plausible free radical-based mechanisms for the C-C bond coupling reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kednerlin Dornevil
- From the Department of Chemistry, University of Texas, San Antonio, Texas 78249 and.,the Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303
| | - Ian Davis
- From the Department of Chemistry, University of Texas, San Antonio, Texas 78249 and.,the Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303
| | - Andrew J Fielding
- From the Department of Chemistry, University of Texas, San Antonio, Texas 78249 and
| | - James R Terrell
- the Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303
| | - Li Ma
- From the Department of Chemistry, University of Texas, San Antonio, Texas 78249 and
| | - Aimin Liu
- From the Department of Chemistry, University of Texas, San Antonio, Texas 78249 and
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9
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Jo HY, Park SH, Le TK, Ma SH, Kim D, Ahn T, Joung YH, Yun CH. Peroxide-dependent oxidation reactions catalyzed by CYP191A1 from Mycobacterium smegmatis. Biotechnol Lett 2017; 39:1245-1252. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-017-2358-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Desai N, Trivedi A, Khedkar VM. Preparation, biological evaluation and molecular docking study of imidazolyl dihydropyrimidines as potential Mycobacterium tuberculosis dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4030-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Suresh A, Suresh N, Misra S, Kumar MMK, Sekhar KVGC. Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Substituted Sulfonamide Tetrazole Derivatives as Antitubercular Agents. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amaroju Suresh
- Department of Chemistry; Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani; Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar; Hyderabad - 500 078 Telangana State India
| | - Narva Suresh
- Department of Chemistry; Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani; Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar; Hyderabad - 500 078 Telangana State India
| | - Sunil Misra
- Department of Biology; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka; Hyderabad-500007 Telangana State India
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12
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Gupta UD, Vemuri N, Gupta P, Kumar V, Tanushree P, Khuller GK. Efficacy of moxifloxacin & econazole against multidrug resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis in murine model. Indian J Med Res 2016; 142:323-9. [PMID: 26458349 PMCID: PMC4669868 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.166599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives: Studies have shown the bactericidal potential of econazole and clotrimazole against Mycobacterium tuberculosis under in vitro and ex vivo conditions along with their synergism with conventional antituberculosis drugs. These molecules were also found to be effective against different multidrug resistant (MDR) M. tuberculosis isolates in vitro. Hence the present study was designed to evaluate the in vivo antimycobacterial potential of moxifloxacin and econazole alone and in combination against multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in a mice model. Methods: Mice were infected with 2.5×107 bacilli of MDR strain of M. tuberculosis by aerosol route of infection. After four weeks of infection, chemotherapy was started orally by moxifloxacin 8.0 mg/kg body wt and econazole 3.3 mg/kg alone and in combination, as well as with four first line anti-tuberculosis drugs as a positive control. The animals were sacrificed and the lungs and spleen were excised under aspetic conditions. The tissues were homogenized with sterile normal saline, an aliquot of the homogenate was plated on Middlebrook 7H11 agar supplemented with oleate albumin dextrose catalase (OADC) and incubated at 37°C for four weeks. The number of visible and individual colonies were counted. Results: The first line anti-tuberculosis drugs (RIF+INH+EMB+PZA) after eight weeks of therapy had no impact as the bacillary load in lungs and spleens remained unchanged. However, econazole, moxifloxacin alone as well as in combination significantly reduced the bacillary load in lungs as well as in spleens of MDR-TB bacilli infected mice. Interpretation & conclusions: Co-administration of the two drugs (econazole and moxifloxacin) to MDR-TB strain JAL-7782 infected mice exhibited additive effect, the efficacy of the drugs in combination being higher as compared with ECZ or MOX alone. These results were substantiated by histopathological studies. This study suggests the utility of econazole for the treatment of MDR tuberculosis and warrants further work in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- U D Gupta
- Experimental Animal Facility, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Agra, India
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13
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Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking of novel coumarin incorporated triazoles as antitubercular, antioxidant and antimicrobial agents. Med Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-016-1519-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Melo TS, Gattass CR, Soares DC, Cunha MR, Ferreira C, Tavares MT, Saraiva E, Parise-Filho R, Braden H, Delorenzi JC. Oleanolic acid (OA) as an antileishmanial agent: Biological evaluation and in silico mechanistic insights. Parasitol Int 2016; 65:227-37. [PMID: 26772973 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although a worldwide health problem, leishmaniasis is considered a highly neglected disease, lacking efficient and low toxic treatment. The efforts for new drug development are based on alternatives such as new uses for well-known drugs, in silico and synthetic studies and naturally derived compounds. Oleanolic acid (OA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid widely distributed throughout the Plantae kingdom that displays several pharmacological activities. OA showed potent leishmancidal effects in different Leishmania species, both against promastigotes (IC(50 L. braziliensis) 30.47 ± 6.35 μM; IC(50 L. amazonensis) 40.46 ± 14.21 μM; IC(50 L. infantum) 65.93 ± 15.12 μM) and amastigotes (IC(50 L. braziliensis) 68.75 ± 16.55 μM; IC(50 L. amazonensis) 38.45 ± 12.05 μM; IC(50 L. infantum) 64.08 ± 23.52 μM), with low cytotoxicity against mouse peritoneal macrophages (CC(50) 235.80 ± 36.95 μM). Moreover, in silico studies performed to evaluate OA molecular properties and to elucidate the possible mechanism of action over the Leishmania enzyme sterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) suggested that OA interacts efficiently with CYP51 and could inhibit the ergosterol synthesis pathway. Collectively, these data indicate that OA is a good candidate as leading compound for the development of a new leishmaniasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahira Souza Melo
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cerli Rocha Gattass
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Deivid Costa Soares
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Micael Rodrigues Cunha
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratório de Planejamento e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LAPESSB), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christian Ferreira
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maurício Temotheo Tavares
- Laboratório de Planejamento e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LAPESSB), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elvira Saraiva
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roberto Parise-Filho
- Laboratório de Planejamento e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LAPESSB), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hannah Braden
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo, Brazil; Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States of America
| | - Jan Carlo Delorenzi
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Wang F, Lin Y, Yin WX, Peng YL, Schnabel G, Huang JB, Luo CX. The Y137H mutation of VvCYP51 gene confers the reduced sensitivity to tebuconazole in Villosiclava virens. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17575. [PMID: 26631591 PMCID: PMC4668384 DOI: 10.1038/srep17575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Management of rice false smut disease caused by Villosiclava virens is dependent on demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides. Investigation of molecular mechanisms of resistance is therefore of upmost importance. In this study the gene encoding the target protein for DMI fungicides (VvCYP51) was cloned and investigated. The VvCYP51 gene in the resistant mutant revealed both a change from tyrosine to histidine at position 137 (Y137H) and elevated gene expression compared to the parental isolate. In order to determine which of these mechanisms was responsible for the reduced sensitivity to DMI fungicide tebuconazole, transformants expressing the mutated or the wild type VvCYP51 gene were generated. Transformants carrying the mutated gene were more resistant to tebuconazole compared to control transformants lacking the mutation, but the expression of the VvCYP51 gene was not significantly correlated with EC50 values. The wild type VvCYP51 protein exhibited stronger affinity for tebuconazole compared to the VvCYP51/Y137H in both molecular docking analysis and experimental binding assays. The UV-generated mutant as well as transformants expressing the VvCYP51/Y137H did not exhibit significant fitness penalties based on mycelial growth and spore germination, suggesting that isolates resistant to DMI fungicides based on the Y137H mutation may develop and be competitive in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Plant Science and Technology and the Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring & Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yang Lin
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Plant Science and Technology and the Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring & Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei-Xiao Yin
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Plant Science and Technology and the Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring & Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - You-Liang Peng
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guido Schnabel
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Jun-Bin Huang
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Plant Science and Technology and the Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring & Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chao-Xi Luo
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Plant Science and Technology and the Key Lab of Crop Disease Monitoring & Safety Control in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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16
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Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is able to utilize cholesterol as a carbon source, and this ability is linked to its virulence in macrophages and in the mouse model of infection. The M. tuberculosis cytochrome P450 Cyp125 plays a key role in cholesterol metabolism being involved in the first steps of its degradation. Cyp125 is a cholesterol hydroxylase which is essential for cholesterol catabolism in M. bovis BCG and some strains of M. tuberculosis. We generated an unmarked, in-frame deletion of Cyp125 in M. tuberculosis H37Rv. The deletion strain was able to grow as well as wild-type in medium containing glucose as the carbon source. The Cyp125 deletion strain was more sensitive to growth inhibition by clotrimazole consistent with the ability of Cyp125 to bind azoles with high affinity. The deletion strain showed no difference in sensitivity to nitric oxide or hydrogen peroxide and was not attenuated for growth inside THP-1 human macrophage-like cells. These data suggest that the attenuation of virulence seen in operon deletion strains is not linked to the lack of Cyp125 alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Carroll
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Infectious Disease, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tanya Parish
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Infectious Disease, London, United Kingdom
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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Desai NC, Trivedi AR, Somani HC, Bhatt KA. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of 1,4-dihydropyridine Derivatives as Potent Antitubercular Agents. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 86:370-7. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nisheeth C. Desai
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry; Department of Chemistry, (UGC NON-SAP & DST-FIST Sponsored); Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University; Mahatma Gandhi Campus Bhavnagar Gujarat 364 002 India
| | - Amit R. Trivedi
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry; Department of Chemistry, (UGC NON-SAP & DST-FIST Sponsored); Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University; Mahatma Gandhi Campus Bhavnagar Gujarat 364 002 India
| | - Hardik C. Somani
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry; Department of Chemistry, (UGC NON-SAP & DST-FIST Sponsored); Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University; Mahatma Gandhi Campus Bhavnagar Gujarat 364 002 India
| | - Kandarp A. Bhatt
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry; Department of Chemistry, (UGC NON-SAP & DST-FIST Sponsored); Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University; Mahatma Gandhi Campus Bhavnagar Gujarat 364 002 India
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18
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Ultrasound promoted one pot synthesis of novel fluorescent triazolyl spirocyclic oxindoles using DBU based task specific ionic liquids and their antimicrobial activity. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 77:145-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Dover LG, Bhatt A, Bhowruth V, Willcox BE, Besra GS. New drugs and vaccines for drug-resistantMycobacterium tuberculosisinfections. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 7:481-97. [DOI: 10.1586/14760584.7.4.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Morrison AMS, Goldstone JV, Lamb DC, Kubota A, Lemaire B, Stegeman JJ. Identification, modeling and ligand affinity of early deuterostome CYP51s, and functional characterization of recombinant zebrafish sterol 14α-demethylase. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1840:1825-36. [PMID: 24361620 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sterol 14α-demethylase (cytochrome P450 51, CYP51, P45014DM) is a microsomal enzyme that in eukaryotes catalyzes formation of sterols essential for cell membrane function and as precursors in biosynthesis of steroid hormones. Functional properties of CYP51s are unknown in non-mammalian deuterostomes. METHODS PCR-cloning and sequencing and computational analyses (homology modeling and docking) addressed CYP51 in zebrafish Danio rerio, the reef fish sergeant major Abudefduf saxatilis, and the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Following N-terminal amino acid modification, zebrafish CYP51 was expressed in Escherichia coli, and lanosterol 14α-demethylase activity and azole inhibition of CYP51 activity were characterized using GC-MS. RESULTS Molecular phylogeny positioned S. purpuratus CYP51 at the base of the deuterostome clade. In zebrafish, CYP51 is expressed in all organs examined, most strongly in intestine. The recombinant protein bound lanosterol and catalyzed 14α-demethylase activity, at 3.2nmol/min/nmol CYP51. The binding of azoles to zebrafish CYP51 gave KS (dissociation constant) values of 0.26μM for ketoconazole and 0.64μM for propiconazole. Displacement of carbon monoxide also indicated zebrafish CYP51 has greater affinity for ketoconazole. Docking to homology models showed that lanosterol docks in fish and sea urchin CYP51s with an orientation essentially the same as in mammalian CYP51s. Docking of ketoconazole indicates it would inhibit fish and sea urchin CYP51s. CONCLUSIONS Biochemical and computational analyses are consistent with lanosterol being a substrate for early deuterostome CYP51s. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The results expand the phylogenetic view of animal CYP51, with evolutionary, environmental and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Michelle Stanley Morrison
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA; School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jared V Goldstone
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - David C Lamb
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA; Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Akira Kubota
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Benjamin Lemaire
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - John J Stegeman
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.
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21
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Anand N, Ramakrishna KKG, Gupt MP, Chaturvedi V, Singh S, Srivastava KK, Sharma P, Rai N, Ramachandran R, Dwivedi AK, Gupta V, Kumar B, Pandey S, Shukla PK, Pandey SK, Lal J, Tripathi RP. Identification of 1-[4-Benzyloxyphenyl)-but-3-enyl]-1H-azoles as New Class of Antitubercular and Antimicrobial Agents. ACS Med Chem Lett 2013; 4:958-63. [PMID: 24900592 DOI: 10.1021/ml4002248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 1-[(4-benzyloxyphenyl)-but-3-enyl]-1H-azoles has been identified as potent antitubercular agents against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Synthesis of compounds involved acid catalyzed ring-opening of cyclopropyl ring of phenyl cyclopropyl methanols followed by nucleophilic attack of the azoles on the carbocation intermediates. Several of the compounds 26, 34, and 36 exhibited significant antitubercular activities with MIC value as low as 1.56, 1.56, and 0.61 μg/mL, respectively, comparable to many standard drugs. These compounds were also screened against other strains of bacteria and fungi, and few of them showed good antifungal activity against A. fumigatus, responsible for lung infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Anand
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative and Research, ‡Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, §Drug Target Discovery and Development, ∥Microbiology, ⊥Molecular and Structural Biology, #Pharmaceutics, ∇Sophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Facility,○Fermentation Technology, ◆Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism, Central Drug Research Institute, CSIR, Chattar Manzil, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - K. K. G. Ramakrishna
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative and Research, ‡Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, §Drug Target Discovery and Development, ∥Microbiology, ⊥Molecular and Structural Biology, #Pharmaceutics, ∇Sophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Facility,○Fermentation Technology, ◆Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism, Central Drug Research Institute, CSIR, Chattar Manzil, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Munna P. Gupt
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative and Research, ‡Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, §Drug Target Discovery and Development, ∥Microbiology, ⊥Molecular and Structural Biology, #Pharmaceutics, ∇Sophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Facility,○Fermentation Technology, ◆Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism, Central Drug Research Institute, CSIR, Chattar Manzil, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Vinita Chaturvedi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative and Research, ‡Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, §Drug Target Discovery and Development, ∥Microbiology, ⊥Molecular and Structural Biology, #Pharmaceutics, ∇Sophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Facility,○Fermentation Technology, ◆Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism, Central Drug Research Institute, CSIR, Chattar Manzil, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Shubhra Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative and Research, ‡Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, §Drug Target Discovery and Development, ∥Microbiology, ⊥Molecular and Structural Biology, #Pharmaceutics, ∇Sophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Facility,○Fermentation Technology, ◆Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism, Central Drug Research Institute, CSIR, Chattar Manzil, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Kishore K. Srivastava
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative and Research, ‡Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, §Drug Target Discovery and Development, ∥Microbiology, ⊥Molecular and Structural Biology, #Pharmaceutics, ∇Sophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Facility,○Fermentation Technology, ◆Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism, Central Drug Research Institute, CSIR, Chattar Manzil, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Prapunjika Sharma
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative and Research, ‡Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, §Drug Target Discovery and Development, ∥Microbiology, ⊥Molecular and Structural Biology, #Pharmaceutics, ∇Sophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Facility,○Fermentation Technology, ◆Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism, Central Drug Research Institute, CSIR, Chattar Manzil, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Niyati Rai
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative and Research, ‡Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, §Drug Target Discovery and Development, ∥Microbiology, ⊥Molecular and Structural Biology, #Pharmaceutics, ∇Sophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Facility,○Fermentation Technology, ◆Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism, Central Drug Research Institute, CSIR, Chattar Manzil, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Ravishankar Ramachandran
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative and Research, ‡Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, §Drug Target Discovery and Development, ∥Microbiology, ⊥Molecular and Structural Biology, #Pharmaceutics, ∇Sophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Facility,○Fermentation Technology, ◆Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism, Central Drug Research Institute, CSIR, Chattar Manzil, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - A. K. Dwivedi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative and Research, ‡Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, §Drug Target Discovery and Development, ∥Microbiology, ⊥Molecular and Structural Biology, #Pharmaceutics, ∇Sophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Facility,○Fermentation Technology, ◆Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism, Central Drug Research Institute, CSIR, Chattar Manzil, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Varsha Gupta
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative and Research, ‡Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, §Drug Target Discovery and Development, ∥Microbiology, ⊥Molecular and Structural Biology, #Pharmaceutics, ∇Sophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Facility,○Fermentation Technology, ◆Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism, Central Drug Research Institute, CSIR, Chattar Manzil, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Brijesh Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative and Research, ‡Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, §Drug Target Discovery and Development, ∥Microbiology, ⊥Molecular and Structural Biology, #Pharmaceutics, ∇Sophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Facility,○Fermentation Technology, ◆Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism, Central Drug Research Institute, CSIR, Chattar Manzil, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Smriti Pandey
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative and Research, ‡Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, §Drug Target Discovery and Development, ∥Microbiology, ⊥Molecular and Structural Biology, #Pharmaceutics, ∇Sophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Facility,○Fermentation Technology, ◆Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism, Central Drug Research Institute, CSIR, Chattar Manzil, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Praveen K. Shukla
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative and Research, ‡Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, §Drug Target Discovery and Development, ∥Microbiology, ⊥Molecular and Structural Biology, #Pharmaceutics, ∇Sophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Facility,○Fermentation Technology, ◆Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism, Central Drug Research Institute, CSIR, Chattar Manzil, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Shailandra K. Pandey
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative and Research, ‡Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, §Drug Target Discovery and Development, ∥Microbiology, ⊥Molecular and Structural Biology, #Pharmaceutics, ∇Sophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Facility,○Fermentation Technology, ◆Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism, Central Drug Research Institute, CSIR, Chattar Manzil, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Jawahar Lal
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative and Research, ‡Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, §Drug Target Discovery and Development, ∥Microbiology, ⊥Molecular and Structural Biology, #Pharmaceutics, ∇Sophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Facility,○Fermentation Technology, ◆Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism, Central Drug Research Institute, CSIR, Chattar Manzil, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Rama Pati Tripathi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative and Research, ‡Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, §Drug Target Discovery and Development, ∥Microbiology, ⊥Molecular and Structural Biology, #Pharmaceutics, ∇Sophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Facility,○Fermentation Technology, ◆Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism, Central Drug Research Institute, CSIR, Chattar Manzil, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
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22
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Benzazoles. 6*. Synthesis and Arylsulfonation of 2-Hydroxymethylbenzimidazole. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-013-1307-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Emami S, Shojapour S, Faramarzi MA, Samadi N, Irannejad H. Synthesis, in vitro antifungal activity and in silico study of 3-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)flavanones. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 66:480-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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24
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Emami S, Banipoulad T, Irannejad H, Foroumadi A, Falahati M, Ashrafi-Khozani M, Sharifynia S. Imidazolylchromanones containing alkyl side chain as lanosterol 14α-demethylase inhibitors: synthesis, antifungal activity and docking study. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2013; 29:263-71. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2013.776554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Emami
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
SariIran
| | - Touba Banipoulad
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
SariIran
| | - Hamid Irannejad
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
SariIran
| | - Alireza Foroumadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Design and Development Research Center
| | - Mehraban Falahati
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
TehranIran
| | - Mahtab Ashrafi-Khozani
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
TehranIran
| | - Somaye Sharifynia
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
TehranIran
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25
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Li WJ, Li Q, Liu DL, Ding MW. Synthesis, fungicidal activity, and sterol 14α-demethylase binding interaction of 2-azolyl-3,4-dihydroquinazolines on Penicillium digitatum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:1419-1426. [PMID: 23350742 DOI: 10.1021/jf305355u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of new 2-azolyl-3,4-dihydroquinazolines 6 was synthesized by direct cyclization of imidazole or 1,2,4-triazole with carbodiimides 4, which were obtained from aza-Wittig reaction of iminophosphorane 3 with isocyanate. The preliminary bioassay results demonstrated that most of the 2-imidazolyl-3,4-dihydroquinazolines 6a-6i exhibited good to significant fungicidal activity against Penicillium digitatum , whereas 2-triazolyl-3,4-dihydroquinazolines 6j-6t exhibited low fungicidal activity. Some of the 2-imidazolyl-3,4-dihydroquinazolines 6a-6i also exhibited strong binding interaction with the cytochrome P450-dependent sterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51). For example, compound 6e showed the best fungicidal activity against P. digitatum with IC(50) = 4.14 μg/mL and the best CYP51 binding activity with K(d) = 0.34 μg/mL, both superior to those of the agricultural fungicide triadimefon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jin Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
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26
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Kelly SL, Kelly DE. Microbial cytochromes P450: biodiversity and biotechnology. Where do cytochromes P450 come from, what do they do and what can they do for us? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2013; 368:20120476. [PMID: 23297358 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The first eukaryote genome revealed three yeast cytochromes P450 (CYPs), hence the subsequent realization that some microbial fungal genomes encode these proteins in 1 per cent or more of all genes (greater than 100) has been surprising. They are unique biocatalysts undertaking a wide array of stereo- and regio-specific reactions and so hold promise in many applications. Based on ancestral activities that included 14α-demethylation during sterol biosynthesis, it is now seen that CYPs are part of the genes and metabolism of most eukaryotes. In contrast, Archaea and Eubacteria often do not contain CYPs, while those that do are frequently interesting as producers of natural products undertaking their oxidative tailoring. Apart from roles in primary and secondary metabolism, microbial CYPs are actual/potential targets of drugs/agrochemicals and CYP51 in sterol biosynthesis is exhibiting evolution to resistance in the clinic and the field. Other CYP applications include the first industrial biotransformation for corticosteroid production in the 1950s, the diversion into penicillin synthesis in early mutations in fungal strain improvement and bioremediation using bacteria and fungi. The vast untapped resource of orphan CYPs in numerous genomes is being probed and new methods for discovering function and for discovering desired activities are being investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Kelly
- Centre for Cytochrome P450 Biodiversity, Institute of Life Science and College of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK.
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27
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Kaipnazarov TN, Abdireimov KB, Mukhamedov NS, Okmanov RY, Tashkhodjaev B, Berdimbetova GE, Shakhidoyatov KM. Benzazoles: I. Regioselective arylsulfonylation of benzimidazol-2-amine. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428013010181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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28
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Antimicrobial, anti-TB, anticancer and anti-HIV evaluation of new s-triazine-based heterocycles. Future Med Chem 2012; 4:1053-65. [PMID: 22709250 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.12.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The acquirement of resistance by microorganisms to the antimicrobial arsenal is a threat to public health. A recent WHO report estimated that 1.3 million HIV-negative people and 0.38 million HIV-positive people died from TB in 2009. Various forms of cancer account for a high percentage of deaths in both women (breast cancer) and men (prostate cancer). RESULTS & DISCUSSION In vitro activity assessment of newly constructed s-triazines against a panel of microorganisms including bacteria, fungi and Mycobacteria demonstrated that the compounds are of immense attraction for impending drug discovery. They were further examined for in vitro activity against breast cancer and prostate cancer cell lines, as well as HIV-1 (III(B)) and HIV-2 (ROD) viral strains. Proposed structural confirmation studies by IR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, (19)F NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis were in accordance. CONCLUSION Activity profiles of the products may contribute considerably to future drug-discovery studies.
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29
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Abdireimov KB, Mukhamedov NS, Aiymbetov MZ, Shakhidoyatov KM. Benzazoles 5*. Synthesis and arylsulfonylation of 1-hydroxymethylbenzimidazole. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-012-1015-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Patel NB, Khan IH, Pannecouque C, De Clercq E. Anti-HIV, antimycobacterial and antimicrobial studies of newly synthesized 1,2,4-triazole clubbed benzothiazoles. Med Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0129-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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31
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pyrazolines are well-known and important nitrogen-containing five-membered ring heterocyclic compounds. Various methods have been worked out for their synthesis. Several pyrazoline derivatives have been found to possess diverse biological properties, which has stimulated research activity in this field. AREAS COVERED The present review sheds light on the recent therapeutic patent literature (2000 - 2011) describing the applications of pyrazolines and their derivatives on selected activities. Many of the therapeutic applications of pyrazoline derivatives have been discussed, either in the patent or in the general literature areas in this review. In addition to selected biological data, a wide range of pharmaceutical applications and pharmaceutical compositions are also summarized. EXPERT OPINION Pyrazoline derivatives have numerous prominent pharmacological effects, such as antimicrobial (antibacterial, antifungal, antiamoebic, antimycobacterial), anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antidepressant and anticancer. Further pharmacological effects include cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonists, antiepileptic, antitrypanosomal, antiviral activity, MAO-inhibitory, antinociceptive activity, insecticidal, hypotensive, nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, antioxidant, steroidal and antidiabetic. Lastly, they also effect ACAT inhibition, urotensin II and somatostatin-5 receptors, TGF-β signal transduction inhibitors and neurocytotoxicity inhibitors activities. Many new pyrazoline derivatives have been synthesized and patented, but there are still new aspects to explore and work on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed R Shaaban
- Cairo University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry,
Giza 12613, Egypt
- Umm Al-Qura University, Faculty of Applied Science, Department of Chemistry,
Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdelrahman S Mayhoub
- Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Organic Chemistry,
Cairo 11884, Egypt
- Purdue University, College of Pharmacy, and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology,
West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ahmad M Farag
- Cairo University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry,
Giza 12613, Egypt
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An enlarged, adaptable active site in CYP164 family P450 enzymes, the sole P450 in Mycobacterium leprae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 56:391-402. [PMID: 22037849 DOI: 10.1128/aac.05227-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CYP164 family P450 enzymes are found in only a subset of mycobacteria and include CYP164A1, which is the sole P450 found in Mycobacterium leprae, the causative agent of leprosy. This has previously led to interest in this enzyme as a potential drug target. Here we describe the first crystal structure of a CYP164 enzyme, CYP164A2 from Mycobacterium smegmatis. CYP164A2 has a distinctive, enlarged hydrophobic active site that extends above the porphyrin ring toward the access channels. Unusually, we find that CYP164A2 can simultaneously bind two econazole molecules in different regions of the enlarged active site and is accompanied by the rearrangement and ordering of the BC loop. The primary location is through a classic interaction of the azole group with the porphyrin iron. The second econazole molecule is bound to a unique site and is linked to a tetracoordinated metal ion complexed to one of the heme carboxylates and to the side chains of His 105 and His 364. All of these features are preserved in the closely homologous M. leprae CYP164A1. The computational docking of azole compounds to a homology model of CYP164A1 suggests that these compounds will form effective inhibitors and is supported by the correlation of parallel docking with experimental binding studies of CYP164A2. The binding of econazole to CYP164A2 occurs primarily through the high-spin "open" conformation of the enzyme (K(d) [dissociation constant] of 0.1 μM), with binding to the low-spin "closed" form being significantly hindered (K(d) of 338 μM). These studies support previous suggestions that azole derivatives may provide an effective strategy to improve the treatment of leprosy.
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Efficient synthesis and in vitro antitubercular activity of 1,2,3-triazoles as inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:7273-6. [PMID: 22061642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Efficient and rapid synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole derivatives has been achieved via Huisgen's 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between alkyl/arylazides and diethyl/dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate in excellent yields under solvent-free conditions. The environmentally friendly solvent-free protocol overcomes the limitations associated with the prevailing time-consuming solution phase protocols and affords the triazoles just in 1-3 min. In vitro antitubercular activity of these triazoles was screened against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H(37)Rv strain. Four of the compounds showed MIC in the range of 1.56-3.13 μg/mL proving their potential activity.
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Sangshetti JN, Lokwani DK, Sarkate AP, Shinde DB. Synthesis, Antifungal Activity, and Docking Study of Some New 1,2,4-triazole Analogs. Chem Biol Drug Des 2011; 78:800-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2011.01178.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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35
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Patel NB, Khan IH. Synthesis of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives containing benzothiazoles as pharmacologically active molecule. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2011; 26:527-34. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2010.535794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Navin B. Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Imran H. Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, India
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36
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Homology modeling, molecular docking and spectra assay studies of sterol 14α-demethylase from Penicillium digitatum. Biotechnol Lett 2011; 33:2005-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-011-0657-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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37
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Han R, Zhang J, Li S, Cao S, Geng H, Yuan Y, Xiao W, Liu S, Liu D. Homology modeling and screening of new 14α-demethylase inhibitor (DMI) fungicides based on optimized expression of CYP51 from Ustilago maydis in Escherichia coli. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:12810-12816. [PMID: 21090752 DOI: 10.1021/jf103243m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Ustilago maydis infection is a serious disease affecting corn crops worldwide. Sterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) is one of the key enzymes of sterol biosynthesis and an effective target of antifungal drugs. To further study the interaction between CYP51 and drugs and exploit more specific 14α-demethylase inhibitor (DMI) fungicides for U. maydis, in this study homology modeling of CYP51 from U. maydis (UmCYP51) templated as the eukaryotic orthologues (the human CYP51) and screening of new DMI fungicides based on optimized expression were carried out for the first time. In addition, XF-113 and ZST-4 were screened by analyzing the spectral characteristics between the purified UmCYP51-35 and fungicides. These results provide a theoretical basis and new ideas for efficient design and development of new antifungal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Han
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Science, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
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38
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Benzazoles. 3*. Synthesis and arylsulfonylation of 2-substituted benzimidazoles. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-010-0606-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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39
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Zhang Q, Li D, Wei P, Zhang J, Wan J, Ren Y, Chen Z, Liu D, Yu Z, Feng L. Structure-Based Rational Screening of Novel Hit Compounds with Structural Diversity for Cytochrome P450 Sterol 14α-Demethylase from Penicillium digitatum. J Chem Inf Model 2010; 50:317-25. [DOI: 10.1021/ci900425t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P R China,and State Key Laboratory for Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Centre of Microbial Pesticides, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P R China
| | - Ding Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P R China,and State Key Laboratory for Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Centre of Microbial Pesticides, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P R China
| | - Pei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P R China,and State Key Laboratory for Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Centre of Microbial Pesticides, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P R China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P R China,and State Key Laboratory for Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Centre of Microbial Pesticides, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P R China
| | - Jian Wan
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P R China,and State Key Laboratory for Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Centre of Microbial Pesticides, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P R China
| | - Yangliang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P R China,and State Key Laboratory for Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Centre of Microbial Pesticides, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P R China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P R China,and State Key Laboratory for Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Centre of Microbial Pesticides, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P R China
| | - Deli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P R China,and State Key Laboratory for Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Centre of Microbial Pesticides, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P R China
| | - Ziniu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P R China,and State Key Laboratory for Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Centre of Microbial Pesticides, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P R China
| | - Lingling Feng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P R China,and State Key Laboratory for Agricultural Microbiology, National Engineering Research Centre of Microbial Pesticides, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P R China
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40
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Zampieri D, Mamolo MG, Laurini E, Scialino G, Banfi E, Vio L. 2-Aryl-3-(1H-Azol-1-yl)-1H-Indole Derivatives: A New Class of Antimycobacterial Compounds â Conventional Heating in Comparison with MW-Assisted Synthesis. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2009; 342:716-22. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.200900031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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41
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Balding PR, Porro CS, McLean KJ, Sutcliffe MJ, Maréchal JD, Munro AW, de Visser SP. How do azoles inhibit cytochrome P450 enzymes? A density functional study. J Phys Chem A 2009; 112:12911-8. [PMID: 18563875 DOI: 10.1021/jp802087w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To examine how azole inhibitors interact with the heme active site of the cytochrome P450 enzymes, we have performed a series of density functional theory studies on azole binding. These are the first density functional studies on azole interactions with a heme center and give fundamental insight into how azoles inhibit the catalytic function of P450 enzymes. Since azoles come in many varieties, we tested three typical azole motifs representing a broad range of azole and azole-type inhibitors: methylimidazolate, methyltriazolate, and pyridine. These structural motifs represent typical azoles, such as econazole, fluconazole, and metyrapone. The calculations show that azole binding is a stepwise mechanism whereby first the water molecule from the resting state of P450 is released from the sixth binding site of the heme to create a pentacoordinated active site followed by coordination of the azole nitrogen to the heme iron. This process leads to the breaking of a hydrogen bond between the resting state water molecule and the approaching inhibitor molecule. Although, formally, the water molecule is released in the first step of the reaction mechanism and a pentacoordinated heme is created, this does not lead to an observed spin state crossing. Thus, we show that release of a water molecule from the resting state of P450 enzymes to create a pentacoordinated heme will lead to a doublet to quartet spin state crossing at an Fe-OH(2) distance of approximately 3.0 A, while the azole substitution process takes place at shorter distances. Azoles bind heme with significantly stronger binding energies than a water molecule, so that these inhibitors block the catalytic cycle of the enzyme and prevent oxygen binding and the catalysis of substrate oxidation. Perturbations within the active site (e.g., a polarized environment) have little effect on the relative energies of azole binding. Studies with an extra hydrogen-bonded ethanol molecule in the model, mimicking the active site of the CYP121 P450, show that the resting state and azole binding structures are close in energy, which may lead to chemical equilibrium between the two structures, as indeed observed with recent protein structural studies that have demonstrated two distinct azole binding mechanisms to P450 heme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip R Balding
- Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
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42
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Cao X, Hu M, Zhang J, Li F, Yang Y, Liu D, Liu SH. Determination of stereoselective interaction between enantiomers of chiral gamma-aryl-1H-1,2,4-triazole derivatives and Penicillium digitatum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:6914-6919. [PMID: 19572650 DOI: 10.1021/jf901554x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A series of chiral gamma-aryl-1H-1,2,4-triazole derivatives has been synthesized and the respective analogues have been tested for their inhibitory activities against Penicillium digitatum (P. digitatum). In vitro experiments were indicative of a strong inhibitory effect of all of the compounds on P. digitatum, and seven of the compounds 5 exhibited better inhibition than the commercial fungicides triadimefon and triadimenol. The respective pairs of enantiomers showed significantly different inhibitory activities, most notably in the case of 5g-R and 5g-S, for which a 230-fold difference was observed. These observations suggest that P. digitatum discriminates the enantiomers and that the R enantiomer better fits the active site of cytochrome P450.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
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43
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Ouellet H, Johnston JB, Ortiz de Montellano PR. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis cytochrome P450 system. Arch Biochem Biophys 2009; 493:82-95. [PMID: 19635450 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2009.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Revised: 07/17/2009] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a leading cause of human mortality. The emergence of strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent, that are resistant to the major frontline antitubercular drugs increases the urgency for the development of new therapeutic agents. Sequencing of the M. tuberculosis genome revealed the existence of 20 cytochrome P450 enzymes, some of which are potential candidates for drug targeting. The recent burst of studies reporting microarray-based gene essentiality and transcriptome analyses under in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo conditions highlight the importance of selected P450 isoforms for M. tuberculosis viability and pathogenicity. Current knowledge of the structural and biochemical properties of the M. tuberculosis P450 enzymes and their putative redox partners is reviewed, with an emphasis on findings related to their physiological function(s) as well as their potential as drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues Ouellet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158-2517, USA
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44
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Özdemir A, Turan-Zitouni G, Kaplancikli ZA, Tunali Y. Synthesis and biological activities of new hydrazide derivatives. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2009; 24:825-31. [DOI: 10.1080/14756360802399712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Özdemir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Gulhan Turan-Zitouni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Zafer Asim Kaplancikli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Yağmur Tunali
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470, Eskisehir, Turkey
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45
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Kinazaki A, Sakanashi Y, Oyama TM, Shibagaki H, Yamashita K, Hashimoto E, Nishimura Y, Ishida S, Okano Y, Oyama Y. Micromolar Zn2+ potentiates the cytotoxic action of submicromolar econazole in rat thymocytes: Possible disturbance of intracellular Ca2+ and Zn2+ homeostasis. Toxicol In Vitro 2009; 23:610-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2008] [Revised: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 02/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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46
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Castagnolo D, Radi M, Dessì F, Manetti F, Saddi M, Meleddu R, Logu AD, Botta M. Synthesis and biological evaluation of new enantiomerically pure azole derivatives as inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:2203-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.02.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2009] [Revised: 02/24/2009] [Accepted: 02/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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47
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Warrilow AGS, Jackson CJ, Parker JE, Marczylo TH, Kelly DE, Lamb DC, Kelly SL. Identification, characterization, and azole-binding properties of Mycobacterium smegmatis CYP164A2, a homolog of ML2088, the sole cytochrome P450 gene of Mycobacterium leprae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53:1157-64. [PMID: 19075057 PMCID: PMC2650583 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01237-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Revised: 10/18/2008] [Accepted: 12/07/2008] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The genome sequence of Mycobacterium leprae revealed a single open reading frame, ML2088 (CYP164A1), encoding a putative full-length cytochrome P450 monooxygenase and 12 pseudogenes. We have identified a homolog of ML2088 in Mycobacterium smegmatis and report here the cloning, expression, purification, and azole-binding characteristics of this cytochrome P450 (CYP164A2). CYP164A2 is 1,245 bp long and encodes a protein of 414 amino acids and molecular mass of 45 kDa. CYP164A2 has 60% identity with Mycobacterium leprae CYP161A1 and 66 to 69% identity with eight other mycobacterial CYP164A1 homologs, with three identified highly conserved motifs. Recombinant CYP164A2 has the typical spectral characteristics of a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, predominantly in the ferric low-spin state. Unusually, the spin state was readily modulated by increasing ionic strength at pH 7.5, with 50% high-spin occupancy achieved with 0.14 M NaCl. CYP164A2 bound clotrimazole, econazole, and miconazole strongly (K(d), 1.2 to 2.5 muM); however, strong binding with itraconazole, ketoconazole, and voriconazole was only observed in the presence of 0.5 M NaCl. Fluconazole did not bind to CYP164A2 at pH 7.5 and no discernible type II binding spectrum was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G S Warrilow
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom
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48
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Ahmad Z, Khuller GK. Alginate-based sustained release drug delivery systems for tuberculosis. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2008; 5:1323-34. [DOI: 10.1517/17425240802600662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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49
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Milano A, Pasca MR, Provvedi R, Lucarelli AP, Manina G, Ribeiro ALDJL, Manganelli R, Riccardi G. Azole resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is mediated by the MmpS5-MmpL5 efflux system. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2008; 89:84-90. [PMID: 18851927 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2008.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2008] [Revised: 08/01/2008] [Accepted: 08/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains the leading cause of mortality due to a bacterial pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Moreover, the recent isolation of M. tuberculosis strains resistant to both first- and second-line antitubercular drugs (XDR-TB) threatens to make the treatment of this disease extremely difficult and becoming a threat to public health worldwide. Recently, it has been shown that azoles are potent inhibitors of mycobacterial cell growth and have antitubercular activity in mice, thus favoring the hypothesis that these drugs may constitute a novel strategy against tuberculosis disease. To investigate the mechanisms of resistance to azoles in mycobacteria, we isolated and characterized several spontaneous azoles resistant mutants from M. tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis BCG. All the analyzed resistant mutants exhibited both increased econazole efflux and increased transcription of mmpS5-mmpL5 genes, encoding a hypothetical efflux system belonging to the resistance-nodulation-division (RND) family of transporters. We found that the up-regulation of mmpS5-mmpL5 genes was linked to mutations either in the Rv0678 gene, hypothesized to be involved in the transcriptional regulation of this efflux system, or in its putative promoter/operator region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Milano
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pavia, Italy
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50
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McLean KJ, Carroll P, Lewis DG, Dunford AJ, Seward HE, Neeli R, Cheesman MR, Marsollier L, Douglas P, Smith WE, Rosenkrands I, Cole ST, Leys D, Parish T, Munro AW. Characterization of active site structure in CYP121. A cytochrome P450 essential for viability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:33406-16. [PMID: 18818197 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m802115200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) cytochrome P450 gene CYP121 is shown to be essential for viability of the bacterium in vitro by gene knock-out with complementation. Production of CYP121 protein in Mtb cells is demonstrated. Minimum inhibitory concentration values for azole drugs against Mtb H37Rv were determined, the rank order of which correlated well with Kd values for their binding to CYP121. Solution-state spectroscopic, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies and crystal structure determination for a series of CYP121 active site mutants provide further insights into structure and biophysical features of the enzyme. Pro346 was shown to control heme cofactor conformation, whereas Arg386 is a critical determinant of heme potential, with an unprecedented 280-mV increase in heme iron redox potential in a R386L mutant. A homologous Mtb redox partner system was reconstituted and transported electrons faster to CYP121 R386L than to wild type CYP121. Heme potential was not perturbed in a F338H mutant, suggesting that a proposed P450 superfamily-wide role for the phylogenetically conserved phenylalanine in heme thermodynamic regulation is unlikely. Collectively, data point to an important cellular role for CYP121 and highlight its potential as a novel Mtb drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty J McLean
- Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom.
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