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Guo Q, Jin Y, Lin M, Zeng C, Zhang J. NF-κB signaling in therapy resistance of breast cancer: Mechanisms, approaches, and challenges. Life Sci 2024; 348:122684. [PMID: 38710275 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer and is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women. Chemotherapy, targeted therapy, endocrine therapy, and radiotherapy are all effective in destroying tumor cells, but they also activate the defense and protection systems of cancer cells, leading to treatment resistance. Breast cancer is characterized by a highly inflammatory tumor microenvironment. The NF-κB pathway is essential for connecting inflammation and cancer, as well as for tumor growth and therapy resistance. An increase in NF-κB signaling boosts the growth potential of breast cancer cells and facilitates the spread of tumors to bone, lymph nodes, lungs, and liver. This review focuses on the mechanisms by which chemotherapy, targeted therapy, endocrine therapy, and radiotherapy induce breast cancer resistance through NF-κB signaling. Additionally, we investigate therapeutic regimens, including single agents or in combination with target inhibitors, plant extracts, nanomedicines, and miRNAs, that have been reported in clinical trials, in vivo, and in vitro to reverse resistance. In particular, NF-κB inhibitors combined with tamoxifen were shown to significantly increase the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to tamoxifen. Combination therapy of miRNA-34a with doxorubicin was also found to synergistically inhibit the progression of doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer by inhibiting Notch/NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yizi Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxi Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Zeng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Tang W, Zhang Y, Li P, Li B. Evaluation of Intestinal Drug Absorption and Interaction Using Quadruple Single-Pass Intestinal Perfusion Coupled with Mass Spectrometry Imaging. Anal Chem 2023; 95:3218-3227. [PMID: 36725694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Visualization and characterization of the intestinal membrane transporter-mediated drug absorption and interaction are challenging due to the complex physical and chemical environment. In this work, an integrated strategy was developed for in situ visualization and assessment of the drug absorption and interaction in rat intestines using quadruple single-pass intestinal perfusion (Q-SPIP) technique coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI). Compared with the traditional SPIP only available for perfusion of one single intestinal segment, the Q-SPIP model can simultaneously perfuse four individual segments of each rat intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon), enabling to obtain rich data from one rat. Subsequently, the drug distribution and absorption in rat intestinal tissue were accurately visualized by using an optimized MALDI MSI approach. The utility and versatility of this strategy were demonstrated via the examination of P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated intestinal absorption of berberine (BBR) and its combination with natural products possessing inhibitory potency against P-gp. The change in the spatial distribution of BBR was resolved, and MALDI results showed that the signal intensity of BBR in defined regions was enhanced following coperfusion with P-gp inhibitors. However, enhanced absorption of BBR after coperfusion with the P-gp inhibitor was not observed in the ulcerative colitis rat model, which may be due to the damage to the intestinal barrier. This study exemplifies the availability and utility of Q-SPIP coupled with MALDI MSI in the examination of transporter-mediated intestinal drug absorption and interaction for fundamental inquiries into the preclinical prediction of oral absorption and drug interaction potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuejie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Zhu Y, Wang A, Zhang S, Kim J, Xia J, Zhang F, Wang D, Wang Q, Wang J. Paclitaxel-loaded ginsenoside Rg3 liposomes for drug-resistant cancer therapy by dual targeting of the tumor microenvironment and cancer cells. J Adv Res 2022:S2090-1232(22)00209-0. [PMID: 36167294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inherent or acquired resistance to paclitaxel (PTX) is a pivotal challenge for chemotherapy treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) breast cancer. Although various targeted drug-delivery systems, including nanoparticles and liposomes, are effective for MDR cancer treatment, their efficacy is restricted by immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). METHODS Ginsenosides Rg3 was used to formulate unique Rg3-based liposomes loaded with PTX to establish Rg3-PTX-LPs, which were prepared by the thin-film hydration method. The stability of the Rg3-PTX-LPs was evaluated by particle size analysis through dynamic light scattering. The active targeting effect of Rg3-based liposomes was examined in an MCF-7/T xenograft model by an in a vivo imaging system. To evaluate the antitumor activity and mechanism of Rg3-PTX-LP, MTT, apoptosis assays, TAM regulation, and TME remodeling were performed in MCF-7/T cells in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Rg3-PTX-LPs could specifically distribute to MCF7/T cancer cells and TME simultaneously, mainly through the recognition of GLUT-1. The drug resistance reversing capability and in vivo antitumor effect of Rg3-PTX-LPs were significantly improved compared with conventional cholesterol liposomes. The TME remodeling mechanisms of Rg3-PTX-LPs included inhibiting IL-6/STAT3/p-STAT3 pathway activation to repolarize protumor M2 macrophages to antitumor M1 phenotype, suppressing myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), decreasing tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs) and collagen fibers in TME, and promoting apoptosis of tumor cells. Hence, through the dual effects of targeting tumor cells and TME remodeling, Rg3-PTX-LPs achieved a high tumor inhibition rate of 90.3%. CONCLUSION Our multifunctional Rg3-based liposome developed in the present study offered a promising strategy for rescuing the drug resistance tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, PR China; Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Anni Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Shuya Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Jisu Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Jiaxuan Xia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Fengxue Zhang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Xiamen Ginposome Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361026, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, PR China; Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China.
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4
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Xu JF, Wan Y, Tang F, Chen L, Yang Y, Xia J, Wu JJ, Ao H, Peng C. Emerging Significance of Ginsenosides as Potentially Reversal Agents of Chemoresistance in Cancer Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:720474. [PMID: 34975466 PMCID: PMC8719627 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.720474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance has become a prevalent phenomenon in cancer therapy, which alleviates the effect of chemotherapy and makes it difficult to break the bottleneck of the survival rate of tumor patients. Current approaches for reversing chemoresistance are poorly effective and may cause numerous new problems. Therefore, it is urgent to develop novel and efficient drugs derived from natural non-toxic compounds for the reversal of chemoresistance. Researches in vivo and in vitro suggest that ginsenosides are undoubtedly low-toxic and effective options for the reversal of chemoresistance. The underlying mechanism of reversal of chemoresistance is correlated with inhibition of drug transporters, induction of apoptosis, and modulation of the tumor microenvironment(TME), as well as the modulation of signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (NRF2)/AKT, lncRNA cancer susceptibility candidate 2(CASC2)/ protein tyrosine phosphatase gene (PTEN), AKT/ sirtuin1(SIRT1), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/ phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, PI3K/AKT/ mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Since the effects and the mechanisms of ginsenosides on chemoresistance reversal have not yet been reviewed, this review summarized comprehensively experimental data in vivo and in vitro to elucidate the functional roles of ginsenosides in chemoresistance reversal and shed light on the future research of ginsenosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Zhang SX, Liu W, Ai B, Sun LL, Chen ZS, Lin LZ. Current Advances and Outlook in Gastric Cancer Chemoresistance: A Review. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 17:26-41. [PMID: 34587888 DOI: 10.2174/1574892816666210929165729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical resection of the lesion is the standard primary treatment of gastric cancer. Unfortunately, most patients are already in the advanced stage of the disease when they are diagnosed with gastric cancer. Alternative therapies, such as radiation therapy and chemotherapy, can achieve only very limited benefits. The emergence of cancer drug resistance has always been the major obstacle to the cure of tumors. The main goal of modern cancer pharmacology is to determine the underlying mechanism of anticancer drugs. OBJECTIVE Here, we mainly review the latest research results related to the mechanism of chemotherapy resistance in gastric cancer, the application of natural products in overcoming the chemotherapy resistance of gastric cancer, and the new strategies currently being developed to treat tumors based on immunotherapy and gene therapy. CONCLUSION The emergence of cancer drug resistance is the main obstacle in achieving alleviation and final cure for gastric cancer. Mixed therapies are considered to be a possible way to overcome chemoresistance. Natural products are the main resource for discovering new drugs specific for treating chemoresistance, and further research is needed to clarify the mechanism of natural product activity in patients. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Xiong Zhang
- Guangdong Province Work Injury Rehabilitation Hospital, Guangzhou, 510440. China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006. China
| | - Bo Ai
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030. China
| | - Ling-Ling Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405. China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, New York. United States
| | - Li-Zhu Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405. China
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Zhu Y, Ye J, Zhang Q. Self-emulsifying Drug Delivery System Improve Oral Bioavailability: Role of Excipients and Physico-chemical Characterization. Pharm Nanotechnol 2021; 8:290-301. [PMID: 32781978 DOI: 10.2174/2211738508666200811104240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) is a kind of solid or liquid formulation composed of drugs, oil, surfactant and cosurfactant. It could form a fine emulsion (micro/nano) in the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration. Later on, the formed emulsion is absorbed through the lymphatic pathway. The oral bioavailability of drugs in SEDDS would be improved for bypassing the first-pass effect of the liver. Therefore, SEDDS has become a vital strategy to increase the oral bioavailability of poor watersoluble drugs. In addition, there is no aqueous phase in SEDDS, thus SEDDS is a homogeneous system, consequently being suitable for large-scale production and more stable than conventional emulsion. However, the role of formulation aspects in the biological property of SEDDS is not fully clear. In order to prepare the satisfying SEDDS to improve oral drug bioavailability, we need to fully understand the various factors that affect the in vivo behavior of SEDDS. In this review, we would explore the role of ingredient (drugs, oils, surfactant and cosurfactant) of SEDDS in increasing oral drug bioavailability. We would also discuss the effect of physicochemical property (particle size and zeta potential) of SEDDS on the oral drug bioavailability enhancement. This review would provide an approach to develop a rational SEDDS to improving oral drug bioavailability. Lay Summary: Self-emulsifying drug-delivery system (SEDDS) has been proven to be promising in ameliorating the oral bioavailability of poor water-soluble drugs. This review highlighted the influence of excipients and physicochemical property of SEDDS on the formation of emulsion and the oral absorption of drugs in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Zhu
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
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7
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Wang C, Gao M, Liu S, Zou Z, Ren R, Zhang C, Xie H, Sun J, Qi Y, Qu Q, Song Z, Yang G, Wang H. Pyxinol bearing amino acid residues: Easily achievable and promising modulators of P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 216:113317. [PMID: 33706147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The P-glycoprotein (Pgp) is a major transporter involved in multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells leading to chemotherapy failure. In our previous study, we demonstrated that the amide derivatives of pyxinol are promising modulators against Pgp-mediated MDR in cancer. In the present study, we designed and synthesized novel pyxinol derivatives linked to amino acid residues. We evaluated MDR (paclitaxel (Ptx) resistance) reversal potency of forty pyxinol derivatives in KBV cells and analyzed their structure-activity relationships. Half of our derivatives sensitized KBV cells to Ptx at non-toxic concentrations, among which the pyxinol compound bearing a methionine residue (3c) exhibited the best activity in MDR reversal. Compound 3c was found to possess high selectivity toward Pgp and sensitize the KBV cells to Pgp substrates by blocking the efflux function of Pgp. This manifestation may be attributed to its high binding affinity with Pgp, as suggested by docking studies. Overall, the biological profile and ease of synthesizing these pyxinol derivatives render them promising lead compounds for further development for Pgp-mediated MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conghui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Meng Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Shuqi Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Zongji Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Ruiyin Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Hao Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Jingxian Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Yupeng Qi
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Qi Qu
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Zhihua Song
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Gangqiang Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China.
| | - Hongbo Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China.
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Ali B, Jamal QMS, Mir SR, Shams S, Kamal MA. Molecular docking studies of tea ( Thea sinensis Linn.) polyphenols inhibition pattern with Rat P-glycoprotein. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2018-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Since 3000 B.C., evergreen plant Thea sinensis (Theaceae) is used both as a social and medicinal beverage. Leaves of T. sinensis contain amino acids, vitamins, caffeine, polysaccharides and polyphenols. Most of the natural medicinal actions of tea are due to the availability and abundance of polyphenols mainly catechins. It has also been stated that some catechins were absorbed more rapidly than other compounds after the oral administration of tea and could increase the bio-enhancing activities of anticancer drugs by inhibiting P-glycoprotein (P-gp). The results of the molecular docking showed that polyphenols bind easily to the active P-gp site. All compounds exhibited fluctuating binding affinity ranged from −11.67 to −8.36 kcal/mol. Observed binding energy required for theaflavin to bind to P-gp was lowest (−11.67 kcal/mol). The obtained data that supports all the selected polyphenols inhibited P-gp and therefore may enhance the bioavailability of drugs. This study may play a vital role in finding hotspots in P-gp and eventually may be proved useful in designing compounds with high affinity and specificity to the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babar Ali
- College of Pharmacy and Dentistry , Buraydah Colleges , Buraydah , Al-Qassim , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Qazi Mohammad Sajid Jamal
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Public Health and Health Informatics , Qassim University , Al Bukayriyah , Saudi Arabia
- Novel Global Community Educational Foundation , Hebersham , Australia
| | - Showkat R. Mir
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University) , New Delhi 110062 , India
| | - Saiba Shams
- Siddhartha Institute of Pharmacy , Dehra Dun 248001 , Uttarakhand , India
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
- West China School of Nursing / Institutes for Systems Genetics , Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , Sichuan , China
- Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place , Hebersham , NSW 2770, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation , Australia
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Verstraeten SL, Lorent JH, Mingeot-Leclercq MP. Lipid Membranes as Key Targets for the Pharmacological Actions of Ginsenosides. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:576887. [PMID: 33041822 PMCID: PMC7518029 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.576887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we will focus on the activity of ginsenosides on membranes and their related effects, from physicochemical, biophysical, and pharmacological viewpoints. Ginsenosides are a class of saponins with a large structural diversity and a wide range of pharmacological effects. These effects can at least partly be related to their activity on membranes which results from their amphiphilic character. Some ginsenosides are able to interact with membrane lipids and associate into nanostructures, making them possible adjuvants for vaccines. They are able to modulate membrane biophysical properties such as membrane fluidity, permeability or the formation of lateral domains with some degree of specificity towards certain cell types such as bacteria, fungi, or cancer cells. In addition, they have shown antioxidant properties which protect membranes from lipid oxidation. They further displayed some activity on membrane proteins either through direct or indirect interaction. We investigate the structure activity relationship of ginsenosides on membranes and discuss the implications and potential use as anticancer, antibacterial, and antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine L Verstraeten
- Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology Unit (FACM), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joseph H Lorent
- Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology Unit (FACM), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium.,Membrane Biochemistry & Biophysics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marie-Paule Mingeot-Leclercq
- Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology Unit (FACM), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
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10
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Li YD, Mao Y, Dong XD, Lei ZN, Yang Y, Lin L, Ashby CR, Yang DH, Fan YF, Chen ZS. Methyl-Cantharidimide (MCA) Has Anticancer Efficacy in ABCB1- and ABCG2-Overexpressing and Cisplatin Resistant Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2020; 10:932. [PMID: 32676451 PMCID: PMC7333678 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the efficacy of methyl-cantharidimide (MCA), a cantharidin (CTD) analog, as an anticancer drug, in cancer cells overexpressing either ABCB1 or ABCG2 transporters and in cisplatin-resistant cancer cells. The results indicated that: (i) MCA was efficacious in the ABCB1-overexpressing cell line, KB-C2, and the ABCB1-gene-transfected cell line, HEK293/ABCB1 (IC50 from 6.37 to 8.44 mM); (ii) MCA was also efficacious in the ABCG2-overexpressing cell line, NCI-H460/MX20, and the ABCG2-gene-transfected cell lines, HEK293/ABCG2-482-R2, HEK293/ABCG2-482-G2, and the HEK293/ABCG2-482-T7 cell lines (IC50 from 6.37 to 9.70 mM); (iii) MCA was efficacious in the cisplatin resistant cancer cell lines, KCP-4 and BEL-7404/CP20 (IC50 values from 7.05 to 8.16 mM); (iv) MCA (up to 16 mM) induced apoptosis in both BEL-7404 and BEL-7404/CP20 cancer cells; (v) MCA arrested both BEL-7404 and BEL-7404/CP20 cancer cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle; (vi) MCA (8 mM) upregulated the expression level of the protein, unc-5 netrin receptor B (UNC5B) in HepG2 and BEL-7404 cancer cells. Overall, our results indicated that MCA's efficacy in ABCB1- and ABCG2-overexpressing and cisplatin resistant cancer cells is due to the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Dong Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Yong Mao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xing-Duo Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Zi-Ning Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Lizhu Lin
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Charles R Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Dong-Hua Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Ying-Fang Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
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11
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Tinoush B, Shirdel I, Wink M. Phytochemicals: Potential Lead Molecules for MDR Reversal. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:832. [PMID: 32636741 PMCID: PMC7317022 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the main impediments in the treatment of cancers. MDR cancer cells are resistant to multiple anticancer drugs. One of the major mechanisms of MDR is the efflux of anticancer drugs by ABC transporters. Increased activity and overexpression of these transporters are important causes of drug efflux and, therefore, resistance to cancer chemotherapy. Overcoming MDR is a fundamental prerequisite for developing an efficient treatment of cancer. To date, various types of ABC transporter inhibitors have been employed but no effective anticancer drug is available at present, which can completely overcome MDR. Phytochemicals can reverse MDR in cancer cells via affecting the expression or activity of ABC transporters, and also through exerting synergistic interactions with anticancer drugs by addressing additional molecular targets. We have listed numerous phytochemicals which can affect the expression and activity of ABC transporters in MDR cancer cell lines. Phytochemicals in the groups of flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenes, carotenoids, stilbenoids, lignans, polyketides, and curcuminoids have been examined for MDR-reversing activity. The use of MDR-reversing phytochemicals with low toxicity to human in combination with effective anticancer agents may result in successful treatment of chemotherapy-resistant cancer. In this review, we summarize and discuss published evidence for natural products with MDR modulation abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boshra Tinoush
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Iman Shirdel
- Marine Sciences Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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12
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Wang P, Song D, Wan D, Li L, Mei W, Li X, Han L, Zhu X, Yang L, Cai Y, Zhang R. Ginsenoside panaxatriol reverses TNBC paclitaxel resistance by inhibiting the IRAK1/NF-κB and ERK pathways. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9281. [PMID: 32547883 PMCID: PMC7275687 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Paclitaxel (PTX) resistance is a major obstacle in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Previously, we have reported that interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) and its downstream pathways are associated with PTX resistance in TNBC cells. In this study, we sought to investigate the combination treatment of ginsenoside panaxatriol (GPT), one of the main active components in Panax ginseng, with PTX on viability and apoptosis of TNBC PTX resistant cells, and explore the role of IRAK1 mediated signaling pathways in the therapeutic effects. Methods CellTiter-Glo and colony formation assays were used to assess cell viability. Flow cytometry was used to analyze subG1 and apoptosis. Western blot was used to detect expressions of proteins involved in apoptosis and the IRAK1/NF-κB and ERK pathways. The mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines, S100A7/8/9 and cancer stem cell (CSC)-related genes were examined by qPCR. Stem cells were identified by tumor sphere assay. Cell invasion ability was examined by transwell assay. Results We show that GPT inhibits MDA-MB-231 PTX resistant (MB231-PR) cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. When combined with PTX, GPT synergistically causes more cell death, induces subG1 accumulation and cell apoptosis. Besides, up-regulation of BAX/BCL-2 ratio, and down-regulation of MCL-1 are also observed. Moreover, this combination inhibits IRAK1, NF-κB and ERK1/2 activation, and leads to down-regulation of inflammatory cytokines (IL6, IL8, CXCL1, CCL2), S100A7/9 and CSC-related genes (OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, ALDH1, CD44) expression. In addition, the combination treatment suppresses MB231-PR cell invasion ability, and impairs tumor sphere growth both in MB231-PR and SUM159 PTX resistant (SUM159-PR) cells. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that GPT can resensitize TNBC PTX resistant cells to PTX by inhibiting the IRAK1/NF-κB and ERK pathways and reducing stem cell characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Song
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danhong Wan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingyu Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Mei
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Han
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Cai
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ronghua Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Yang L, Zou H, Gao Y, Luo J, Xie X, Meng W, Zhou H, Tan Z. Insights into gastrointestinal microbiota-generated ginsenoside metabolites and their bioactivities. Drug Metab Rev 2020; 52:125-138. [PMID: 31984805 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2020.1714645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal microbiota and host co-evolve into a complex 'super-organism,' and this relationship plays a vital role in many physiological processes, such as drug metabolism. Ginseng is an important medicinal resource and the main ingredients are ginsenosides, which are less polar, difficult to absorb, and have low bioavailability. However, studies have shown that the biological activity of ginsenosides such as compound K (CK), ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3), ginsenoside Rh2 (Rh2), 20(S)-protopanaxatriol (20(S)-PPT), and 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (20(S)-PPD) is closely related to the gastrointestinal microbiota. In this paper, the metabolic pathway of gastrointestinal microbiota-generated ginsenosides and the main pharmacological effects of these metabolites are discussed. Furthermore, our study provides a new insight into the discovery of novel drugs. Specifically, in new drug screening process, candidates with low biological activity and bioavailability should not be excluded. Because their metabolites may exhibit good pharmacological effects due to the involvement of the gastrointestinal microbiota. In addition, in further research studies to develop probiotics, a combination of agents could exert greater efficacy than single agents. Moreover, differences in lifestyle and diet lead to differences in the gastrointestinal microbiota in the human body. Therefore, administration of the same drug dose to different individuals could elicit different therapeutic effects, owing to the involvement of the gastrointestinal microbiota. Thus, treatment accuracy could be achieved by detecting the gastrointestinal microbiota before drug treatment.HighlightsGastrointestinal microbiota plays a decisive role in bioactivities of ginsenosides.The metabolic pathway and main pharmacological effects of ginsenoside metabolites are discussed.It provides new insights into novel drug discovery and further research to find probiotic, combinations to exert greater efficacy.Differences in lifestyle and diet, varies the gastrointestinal microbiota in the human body. However, the same dose of a drug producing different therapeutic effects may involve gastrointestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, PR China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Hecun Zou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, PR China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, PR China.,Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yongchao Gao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, PR China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Junjia Luo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, PR China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xiaonv Xie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, PR China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Wenhui Meng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, PR China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Honghao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, PR China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Zhirong Tan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, PR China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, PR China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
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14
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Stanković T, Dinić J, Podolski-Renić A, Musso L, Burić SS, Dallavalle S, Pešić M. Dual Inhibitors as a New Challenge for Cancer Multidrug Resistance Treatment. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:6074-6106. [PMID: 29874992 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180607094856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dual-targeting in cancer treatment by a single drug is an unconventional approach in relation to drug combinations. The rationale for the development of dualtargeting agents is to overcome incomplete efficacy and drug resistance frequently present when applying individual targeting agents. Consequently, -a more favorable outcome of cancer treatment is expected with dual-targeting strategies. METHODS We reviewed the literature, concentrating on the association between clinically relevant and/or novel dual inhibitors with the potential to modulate multidrug resistant phenotype of cancer cells, particularly the activity of P-glycoprotein. A balanced analysis of content was performed to emphasize the most important findings and optimize the structure of this review. RESULTS Two-hundred and forty-five papers were included in the review. The introductory part was interpreted by 9 papers. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors' role in the inhibition of Pglycoprotein and chemosensitization was illustrated by 87 papers. The contribution of naturalbased compounds in overcoming multidrug resistance was reviewed using 92 papers, while specific dual inhibitors acting against microtubule assembling and/or topoisomerases were described with 55 papers. Eleven papers gave an insight into a novel and less explored approach with hybrid drugs. Their influence on P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance was also evaluated. CONCLUSION These findings bring into focus rational anticancer strategies with dual-targeting agents. Most evaluated synthetic and natural drugs showed a great potential in chemosensitization. Further steps in this direction are needed for the optimization of anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Stanković
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Dinić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Podolski-Renić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Loana Musso
- DeFENS, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Sonja Stojković Burić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sabrina Dallavalle
- DeFENS, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Milica Pešić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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15
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Singh K, Dwivedi GR, Sanket AS, Pati S. Therapeutic Potential of Endophytic Compounds: A Special Reference to Drug Transporter Inhibitors. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:754-783. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190412095105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
From the discovery to the golden age of antibiotics (miracle), millions of lives have been saved. The era of negligence towards chemotherapeutic agents gave birth to drug resistance. Among all the regulators of drug resistance, drug transporters are considered to be the key regulators for multidrug resistance. These transporters are prevalent from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. Endophytes are one of the unexplored wealths of nature. Endophytes are a model mutualistic partner of plants. They are the reservoir of novel therapeutics. The present review deals with endophytes as novel drug resistance reversal agents by inhibiting the drug transporters across the genera. This review also focuses on drug transporters, and mutualistic chemical diversity, exploring drug transporter modulating potential of endophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khusbu Singh
- Microbiology Department, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Gaurav Raj Dwivedi
- Microbiology Department, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - A. Swaroop Sanket
- Microbiology Department, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Microbiology Department, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
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16
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Zhang L, Liu XY, Xu W, Yang XW. Pharmacokinetics comparison of 15 ginsenosides and 3 aglycones in Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Baoyuan decoction using ultra-fast liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 59:152775. [PMID: 31005812 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ginsenosides were considered as the main bioactive constituents in Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (GRR). However, because of high polarity, ginsenosides were hard to be absorbed in human or animal gastrointestinal tract after oral administration. Up to now, very few studies have been performed in the area of simultaneous pharmacokinetic analysis of multiple ginsenosides with similar structures. PURPOSE This research aimed to compare the different absorption characteristics of ginsenosides and aglycones between GRR and Baoyuan decoction (BYD), one of formulas containing GRR, with the same dosage. METHODS GRR and BYD extracts were prepared with same method. A single dose of GRR and BYD extracts were administrated to rats through gavage, respectively. A solid phase extraction method was used to purify the plasma samples. An ultra-fast liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-MS/MS) method was established and fully validated for quantitative analysis. In addition, an in vitro incubation of GRR extract with intestinal flora was conducted to confirm the influence of gut microbiota to the absorption of ginsenosides and aglycones. RESULTS The results of incubation experiments showed that most high polar ginsenosides could transform to less polar ginsenosides via intestinal flora. The validated UFLC-MS/MS method was sensitive and precise to simultaneously analyze the pharmacokinetics of multiple ginsenosides. After oral administration of GRR and BYD extracts, the pharmacokinetic results showed that a total of 11 ginsenosides and 2 aglycones could be quantitatively determined in both groups of plasma. Besides, five compounds were only quantified in BYD extract group. In addition, another 21 ginsenosides could be qualitatively measured. CONCLUSION The results indicated significant pharmacokinetic differences of ginsenosides and aglycones between two groups. For most less polar ginsenosides who had better bioactivity, the preparation was possessed of higher plasma concentrations. The comparative results indicated that some co-existing compounds in BYD might inhibit the exocytosis of ginsenosides. Moreover, what is worth mentioning, some ginsenosides and aglycones could only be detected and quantified a few hours later after administration to rats. Combining with the in vitro incubation experiments, the results demonstrated that transformation of ginsenosides in gastrointestinal tract via intestinal flora existed during absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiu-Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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17
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Ginsenoside Rg3: Potential Molecular Targets and Therapeutic Indication in Metastatic Breast Cancer. MEDICINES 2019; 6:medicines6010017. [PMID: 30678106 PMCID: PMC6473622 DOI: 10.3390/medicines6010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is still one of the most prevalent cancers and a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The key challenge with cancer treatment is the choice of the best therapeutic agents with the least possible toxicities on the patient. Recently, attention has been drawn to herbal compounds, in particular ginsenosides, extracted from the root of the Ginseng plant. In various studies, significant anti-cancer properties of ginsenosides have been reported in different cancers. The mode of action of ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) in in vitro and in vivo breast cancer models and its value as an anti-cancer treatment for breast cancer will be reviewed.
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18
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Li J, Qi Y. Ginsenoside Rg3 inhibits cell growth, migration and invasion in Caco-2 cells by downregulation of lncRNA CCAT1. Exp Mol Pathol 2019; 106:131-138. [PMID: 30633886 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a troublesome disease with high morbidity and mortality. Ginsenoside Rg3 possesses anti-cancer properties. Colon Cancer Associated Transcript 1 (CCAT1) participates in the genesis, development, invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer. In our study, we explored the effects of Rg3 on CRC cell line Caco-2 by regulating CCAT1. METHODS CRC tissue was obtained from hospital and Caco-2 cells were purchased. Caco-2 cells were treated with Rg3 and/or transfected with pc- CCAT1 or pcDNA3.1. The group without Rg3 treatment was treated as control. Cell viability, cell apoptosis, cell migration and invasion were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, flow cytometry and Transwell chamber migration/invasion assay, respectively. The expression of CyclinD1, apoptosis related proteins (p53, Bcl-2, Bax, pro-/Cleaved-Caspase-3), migration and invasion related proteins (MMP-9 and vimentin), and phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) related proteins (p/t-PI3K, p/t-AKT) were examined by western blot. The expression of CCAT1 was measured by quantitative real time RCR (qRT-PCR). RESULTS Rg3 significantly decreased cell viability, migration and invasion, and promoted apoptosis. Meanwhile, the expression of Cyclin D1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and vimentin was downregulated. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins p53, Bax, and Cleaved-Caspase-3 were upregulated while Bcl-2 was downregulated by the treatment of Rg3 compared with control. Furthermore, CCAT1 was upregulated in CRC tissue and Rg3 negatively regulated CCAT1 expression. Transfection with pc-CCAT1 led to the opposite results as compared with transfection with pcDNA3.1 in Rg3 treated cells. In addition, Rg3 decreased the phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT. CONCLUSION Ginsenoside Rg3 inhibits migration and invasion, and promotes apoptosis of Caco-2 cells by suppression expression of LncRNA CCAT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinliang Li
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining 272011, China; Affiliated Jining No.1 People's Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
| | - Yuxi Qi
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining 272011, China.
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Hussain Sh A, Shahen M, . L, . S, Wang Y. Herbal Traditional Medicines Ginseng (Panax quinquennium L.) Effects on Anti-nose Cancer and Anti-toxin in Systematic Pharmacology Treatment Mechanism for Nose Cancer: A Review. INT J PHARMACOL 2018. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2019.10.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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20
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Ren Q, Yang G, Guo M, Guo J, Li Y, Lu J, Yang Q, Tang H, Li Y, Fang X, Sun Y, Qi JG, Tian J, Wang H. Design, synthesis, and discovery of ocotillol-type amide derivatives as orally available modulators of P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 161:118-130. [PMID: 30347326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major cause of failure in cancer treatment, in which the overexpression of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) plays a crucial role. Herein, a novel class of ocotillol-type amide derivatives has been designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their ability to reverse MDR. The structure-activity relationship of the reversal activity was analyzed. Ten compounds showed promising chemo-reversal ability, among which the 24R-ocotillol-type amide derivative 6c with an N-Boc-hexanoyl unit exhibited the most potency in reversing paclitaxel resistance in KBV cells. Compound 6c could inhibit Pgp-mediated rhodamine123 efflux function via stimulating Pgp-ATPase activity and exhibited high binding affinity with Pgp in molecular docking studies. Importantly, compound 6c enhanced the efficacy of paclitaxel against KBV cancer cell-derived xenograft tumors in nude mice after oral administration. These results indicate that ocotillol-type amide derivatives are promising lead compounds for overcoming MDR in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Gangqiang Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China.
| | - Mengqi Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jingwen Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Jing Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Qing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Hanhan Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Yi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Xiaojuan Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Yixiao Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Jia Grace Qi
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Jingwei Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China.
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Ji N, Yang Y, Cai CY, Lei ZN, Wang JQ, Gupta P, Shukla S, Ambudkar SV, Kong D, Chen ZS. Selonsertib (GS-4997), an ASK1 inhibitor, antagonizes multidrug resistance in ABCB1- and ABCG2-overexpressing cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2018; 440-441:82-93. [PMID: 30315846 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters is one of the most important mechanisms responsible for the development of multidrug resistance (MDR). Selonsertib, a serine/threonine kinase inhibitor, targets apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) and is now in phase III clinical trial for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In this study, we investigated whether selonsertib could reverse MDR-mediated by ABC transporters, including ABCB1, ABCG2, ABCC1 and ABCC10. The results showed that selonsertib significantly reversed ABCB1- and ABCG2-mediated MDR, but not MDR-mediated by ABCC1 or ABCC10. Mechanism studies indicated that the reversal effect of selonsertib was related to the attenuation of the efflux activity of ABCB1 and ABCG2 transporters, without the protein level decrease or change in the subcellular localization of ABCB1 or ABCG2. Selonsertib stimulated the ATPase activity of ABCB1 and ABCG2 in a concentration-dependent manner, and in silico docking study showed selonsertib could interact with the substrate-binding sites of both ABCB1 and ABCG2. This study provides a clue into a novel treatment strategy, which includes a combination of selonsertib with antineoplastic drugs to attenuate MDR-mediated by ABCB1 or ABCG2 in cancer cells overexpressing these transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA; Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Chao-Yun Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Zi-Ning Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Jing-Quan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Pranav Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Suneet Shukla
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, 20892, USA
| | - Suresh V Ambudkar
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, 20892, USA
| | - Dexin Kong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
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Sharif Makhmal Zadeh B, Esfahani G, Salimi A. Permeability of Ciprofloxacin-Loaded Polymeric Micelles Including Ginsenoside as P-glycoprotein Inhibitor through a Caco-2 Cells Monolayer as an Intestinal Absorption Model. Molecules 2018; 23:E1904. [PMID: 30065147 PMCID: PMC6222528 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The low oral bioavailability of ciprofloxacin is associated with two distinct challenges: its low aqueous solubility and efflux by p-glycoproteins (P-gp) in the intestinal membrane. Several studies were conducted in order to improve its solubility and permeability through the gastrointestinal membrane. In this study, in a full factorial design study, eight polymeric micelles were prepared and their characteristics, including particle size, loading and release rate were evaluated. Polymeric micelles demonstrated particle sizes below 190 nm and 27⁻88% loading efficiency. Drug release was affected by drug solubility, polymeric micelle erosion and swelling in simulated gastrointestinal fluids. An optimized polymeric micelle was prepared based on appropriate characteristics such as high drug loading and low particle size; and was used for a permeation study on Caco-2 cells. Optimized polymeric micelles with and without ginsenoside and ginsenoside alone enhanced drug permeability through Caco-2 cells significantly in the absorptive direction. The effect of ginsenoside was dose dependent and the maximum effect was seen in 0.23 mg/mL concentration. Results showed that P-gp may not be responsible for ciprofloxacin secretion into the gut. The main mechanism of ciprofloxacin transport through Caco-2 cells in both directions is active diffusion and P-gp has inhibitory effects on ciprofloxacin permeability in the absorptive direction that was blocked by ginsenoside and micelles without ginsenoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Sharif Makhmal Zadeh
- Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Golestan Ave, Ahvaz 67123, Iran.
| | - Golbarg Esfahani
- Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Golestan Ave, Ahvaz 67123, Iran.
| | - Anayatollah Salimi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Golestan Ave, Ahvaz 67123, Iran.
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Gupta P, Zhang YK, Zhang XY, Wang YJ, Lu K, Hall T, Peng R, Yang DH, Xie N, Chen ZS. Voruciclib, a Potent CDK4/6 Inhibitor, Antagonizes ABCB1 and ABCG2-Mediated Multi-Drug Resistance in Cancer Cells. Cell Physiol Biochem 2018; 45:1515-1528. [DOI: 10.1159/000487578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: The overexpression of ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporters has known to be one of the major obstacles impeding the success of chemotherapy in drug resistant cancers. In this study, we evaluated voruciclib, a CDK 4/6 inhibitor, for its chemo-sensitizing activity in ABCB1- and ABCG2- overexpressing cells. Methods: Cytotoxicity and reversal effect of voruciclib was determined by MTT assay. The intracellular accumulation and efflux of ABCB1 and ABCG2 substrates were measured by scintillation counter. The effects on expression and intracellular localization of ABCB1 and ABCG2 proteins were determined by Western blotting and immunofluorescence, respectively. Vanadate-sensitive ATPase assay was done to determine the effect of voruciclib on the ATPase activity of ABCB1 and ABCG2. Flow cytometric analysis was done to determine the effect of voruciclib on apoptosis of ABCB1 and ABCG2-overexpressing cells and docking analysis was done to determine the interaction of voruciclib with ABCB1 and ACBG2 protein. Results: Voruciclib significantly potentiated the effect of paclitaxel and doxorubicin in ABCB1-overexpressing cells, as well as mitoxantrone and SN-38 in ABCG2-overexpressing cells. Voruciclib moderately sensitized ABCC10- overexpressing cells to paclitaxel, whereas it did not alter the cytotoxicity of substrates of ABCC1. Furthermore, voruciclib increased the intracellular accumulation and decreased the efflux of substrate anti-cancer drugs from ABCB1- or ABCG2-overexpressing cells. However, voruciclib did not alter the expression or the sub-cellular localization of ABCB1 or ABCG2. Voruciclib stimulated the ATPase activity of both ABCB1 and ABCG2 in a concentration-dependent manner. Lastly, voruciclib exhibited a drug-induced apoptotic effect in ABCB1- or ABCG2- overexpressing cells. Conclusion: Voruciclib is currently a phase I clinical trial drug. Our findings strongly support its potential use in combination with conventional anti-cancer drugs for cancer chemotherapy.
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Liu C, Gong Q, Chen T, Lv J, Feng Z, Liu P, Deng Z. Treatment with 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 reverses multidrug resistance in A549/DDP xenograft tumors. Oncol Lett 2018. [PMID: 29541206 PMCID: PMC5835854 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is an obstacle for cancer chemotherapy. It was reported that 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 (hereafter Rg3) was able to regulate MDR in mouse leukemia cells. The present study investigated the effect of Rg3 on the MDR of A549 lung cancer cells. A cell viability assay revealed that Rg3 treatment increased cisplatin (DDP) cytotoxicity in DDP resistant A549 cells (A549/DDP). Furthermore, Rg3 increases the antitumor effect of DDP on A549/DDP xenograft mice. The expression of MDR-mediated proteins, including P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated protein (MPR1) and lung resistance protein 1 (LPR1), was detected in tumor tissue of A549/DDP xenograft mice. The results revealed that Rg3 treatment inhibited the expression of these MDR-associated proteins. Additionally, technetium-99m labeled hexakis-2-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) single-photon emission computed tomography was used to monitor the effect of Rg3 on cisplatin sensitivity of A549/DDP xenograft tumors. It was observed that uptake of 99mTc-MIBI was increased by Rg3 treatment, which indicated that Rg3 is able to effectively enhance chemotherapy sensitivity of A549/DDP xenograft tumors. Taken together, these results revealed that Rg3 may be able to reverse MDR of lung cancer via the downregulation of P-gp, MPR1 and LPR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yunnan Provincial Tumor Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Quan Gong
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Yunnan Provincial Tumor Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yunnan Provincial Tumor Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Juan Lv
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yunnan Provincial Tumor Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Zhiping Feng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yunnan Provincial Tumor Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Pengjie Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yunnan Provincial Tumor Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyong Deng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yunnan Provincial Tumor Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
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25
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Li Y, Cao H, Liu M, Zhang B, Zhang X, Shi D, Guo L, Duan J, Zhou X, Zhu H, Zhang Q. Different modulation of Panax notoginseng on the absorption profiling of triptolide and tripterine from Tripterygium wilfordii in rat intestine. Chin Med 2018; 13:1. [PMID: 29321807 PMCID: PMC5759299 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-017-0157-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Compatibility with Panax notoginseng (PN) reduced the plasma concentration of triptolide and delayed the Tmax of Tripterygium wilfordii (TW), the sovereign medicine of Qing-Luo Tong-Bi decoction, which hinted the absorption process of triptolide might
be involved in decreasing the toxicity in liver and kidney. Methods The absorption of triptolide, triptonide, wilforlide and tripterine from monomer, TW, TW-PN, TW-Caulis Sinomenii (TW-CS) and Qing-Luo Tong-Bi were analyzed in duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon of rat via single-pass intestinal perfusion model. An UPLC-MS/MS analysis method was developed to determine the concentration of triptolide, triptonide, wilforlide and tripterine in the inlet and outlet. Then Peff, 10 cm%ABS and Ka were calculated based on the perfusate flux, perfusate volume and candidate chemicals concentration. Results The absorption of triptolide, triptonide, wilforlide and tripterine in duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon was independent of concentration within range of 3–9 μg/mL. The target compounds, triptolide, triptonide, wilforlide and tripterine from the TW extract, showed higher absorption extent and rate than those administrated alone, and compared with the absorption situation of the chemicals of TW extract, the absorption of triptolide, triptonide and wilforlide of the extract of TW-PN, TW-CS and Qing-Luo Tong-Bi were decreased in these intestinal segments. However, PN-promoted tripterine absorption was observed in the intestine. Conclusions Modulation of absorption of chemicals in TW by subsidiary herbs may be responsible for reinforcing the actions and neutralizing the adverse effects through compatibility in the formula of Qing-Luo Tong-Bi. PN inhibits the absorption of triptolide of TW and promote the absorption of tripterine. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13020-017-0157-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Huiting Cao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Mengzhu Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Benyong Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Xinlong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Donglei Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Liwei Guo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Jinao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Xueping Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Huaxu Zhu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Qichun Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023 China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023 China
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26
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Influence of polymeric carrier on the disposition and retention of 20(R)-ginsenoside-rg3-loaded swellable microparticles in the lung. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2017; 8:252-265. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-017-0456-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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27
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Pharmacokinetic Comparison of 20(R)- and 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh1 and 20(R)- and 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg3 in Rat Plasma following Oral Administration of Radix Ginseng Rubra and Sheng-Mai-San Extracts. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:6451963. [PMID: 28620420 PMCID: PMC5460445 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6451963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenosides Rh1 and Rg3, as the main bioactive components from Ginseng, are effective for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Sheng-Mai-San (SMS), a classical complex prescription of traditional Chinese medicines, is composed of Radix Ginseng Rubra, Fructus Schisandrae, and Radix Ophiopogonis. In this research, a sensitive and specific liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric method was developed and validated for stereoselective determination and pharmacokinetic studies of 20(R)- and 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh1 and 20(R)- and 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 epimers in rat plasma after oral administration of Radix Ginseng Rubra or SMS extracts. The main pharmacokinetic parameters including Tmax, Cmax, t1/2, and AUC were calculated by noncompartment model. Compared with Radix Ginseng Rubra, SMS could significantly increase the content of ginsenosides Rh1 and Rg3 in the decocting process. Ginsenosides Rh1 and Rg3 following SMS treatment displayed higher Cmax, AUC(0–t), and AUC(0–∞) and longer t1/2 and tmax except for 20(R)-Rh1 in rat plasma. The results indicated SMS compound compatibility could influence the dissolution in vitro and the pharmacokinetic behaviors in vivo of ginsenosides Rh1 and Rg3, suggesting pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions between ginsenosides Rh1 and Rg3 and other ingredients from Fructus Schisandrae and Radix Ophiopogonis. This study would provide valuable information for drug development and clinical application of SMS.
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Ahuja A, Kim JH, Kim JH, Yi YS, Cho JY. Functional role of ginseng-derived compounds in cancer. J Ginseng Res 2017; 42:248-254. [PMID: 29983605 PMCID: PMC6026353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginseng is a natural product best known for its curative properties in diverse physiological processes such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, hypertension, and maintenance of hemostasis in the immune system. In previous decades, there have been some promising studies into the pharmacology and chemistry of ginseng components and the relationship between their structure and function. The emerging use of modified ginseng and development of new compounds from ginseng for clinical studies have been topics of study for many researchers. The present review deals with the anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and chemopreventive effects, and recent advances in microRNA technology related to red ginseng. The review also summarizes the current knowledge on the effect of ginsenosides in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Ahuja
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Su Yi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Cheongju University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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29
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Jin L, Xu M, Luo XH, Zhu XF. Stephania Tetrandra and Ginseng-Containing Chinese Herbal Formulation NSENL Reverses Cisplatin Resistance in Lung Cancer Xenografts. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2017; 45:385-401. [PMID: 28231742 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x17500240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chinese Herbal Formulation, supplement energy and nourish lung (SENL), effectively enhances chemotherapeutic efficacy in lung cancer treatment and reverses multi-drug resistance (MDR) in lung cancer cells in vitro. The present study is designed to assess the effect of a New SENL (NSENL, modification of SENL) formulation on resistance to chemotherapy of cisplatin (DDP)-resistant human lung cancer cell line (A549/DDP) xenografts in nude mice. We assessed six constituents in NSENL by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). BALB/c nude mice harboring A549/DDP cell xenografts were established to assess the antitumor effect of NSENL and its impact on the expression of MDR related genes. The six constituents in NSENL, including ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rg3, astragaloside IV, ophiopogonin D and tetrandrine were quantitated simultaneously by HPLC. The combination of NSENL with DDP significantly inhibited tumor growth at a rate of up to 66.8% ([Formula: see text]). In addition, NSENL as monotherapy or combined with DDP downregulated multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) at both the mRNA and protein levels ([Formula: see text]), reduced glutathione S-transferase π (GST-π) protein expression and tumor microvascular density as well as decreased phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) ([Formula: see text]). These findings demonstrated that NSENL can reverse MDR in A549/DDP cells in vivo, an effect possibly associated with downregulation of MDR-associated genes as well as inhibition of bFGF/FGFR and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Jin
- * Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China.,† Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Meng Xu
- * Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xue-Hua Luo
- † Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhu
- † Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
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30
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Pharmacokinetic Herb-Drug Interactions: Insight into Mechanisms and Consequences. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2016; 41:93-108. [PMID: 26311243 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-015-0296-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Herbal medicines are currently in high demand, and their popularity is steadily increasing. Because of their perceived effectiveness, fewer side effects and relatively low cost, they are being used for the management of numerous medical conditions. However, they are capable of affecting the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of coadministered conventional drugs. These interactions are particularly of clinically relevance when metabolizing enzymes and xenobiotic transporters, which are responsible for the fate of many drugs, are induced or inhibited, sometimes resulting in unexpected outcomes. This article discusses the general use of herbal medicines in the management of several ailments, their concurrent use with conventional therapy, mechanisms underlying herb-drug interactions (HDIs) as well as the drawbacks of herbal remedy use. The authors also suggest means of surveillance and safety monitoring of herbal medicines. Contrary to popular belief that "herbal medicines are totally safe," we are of the view that they are capable of causing significant toxic effects and altered pharmaceutical outcomes when coadministered with conventional medicines. Due to the paucity of information as well as sometimes conflicting reports on HDIs, much more research in this field is needed. The authors further suggest the need to standardize and better regulate herbal medicines in order to ensure their safety and efficacy when used alone or in combination with conventional drugs.
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31
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Fermentative transformation of ginsenoside Rb1 from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer to Rg3 and Rh2 by Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. tolerans MJM60396. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-016-0281-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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32
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Zhang YK, Zhang H, Zhang GN, Wang YJ, Kathawala RJ, Si R, Patel BA, Xu J, Chen ZS. Semi-synthetic ocotillol analogues as selective ABCB1-mediated drug resistance reversal agents. Oncotarget 2016; 6:24277-90. [PMID: 26296969 PMCID: PMC4695185 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of ATP-Binding Cassette transporters leads to multidrug resistance in cancer cells and results in the failure of chemotherapy. In this in-vitro study, we investigated whether or not (20S, 24R/S)-epoxy-12β, 25-dihydroxy-dommarane-3β-amine (ORA and OSA), a pair of semi-synthetic ocotillol analogue epimers, could inhibit the ABCB1 transporter. ORA (1 μM and 3 μM) significantly reversed the resistance to paclitaxel and vincristine in ABCB1-overexpressing SW620/Ad300 and HEK/ABCB1 cells, whereas OSA had no significant effects. In addition, ORA (3 μM) significantly increased the intracellular accumulation of [3H]-paclitaxel by suppressing the efflux function of ABCB1. Meanwhile, both ORA (3 μM) and OSA (3 μM) did not significantly alter the expression level or the subcellular location of ABCB1 protein. Moreover, the ABCB1 ATPase study suggested that ORA had a stronger stimulatory effect on the ATPase activity than OSA. ORA also exhibited a higher docking score as compared with OSA inside transmembrane domain of ABCB1. Overall, we concluded that ORA reverse ABCB1-mediated MDR by competitively inhibiting the ABCB1 drug efflux function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Kai Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Hengyuan Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Guan-Nan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Yi-Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Rishil J Kathawala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Rui Si
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Bhargav A Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Jinyi Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
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33
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Yu J, Zhou P, Asenso J, Yang XD, Wang C, Wei W. Advances in plant-based inhibitors of P-glycoprotein. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:867-81. [PMID: 26932198 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2016.1149476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) has emerged as the main problem in anti-cancer therapy. Although MDR involves complex factors and processes, the main pivot is the expression of multidrug efflux pumps. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) belongs to the family of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. It functions in cellular detoxification, pumping a wide range of xenobiotic compounds out of the cell. An attractive therapeutic strategy for overcoming MDR is to inhibit the transport function of P-gp and thus, increase intracellular concentration of drugs. Recently, various types of P-gp inhibitors have been found and used in experiments. However, none of them has passed clinical trials due to their high side-effects. Hence, the search for alternatives, such as plant-based P-gp inhibitors have gained attention recently. Therefore, we give an overview of the source, function, structure and mechanism of plant-based P-gp inhibitors and give more attention to cancer-related studies. These products could be the future potential drug candidates for further research as P-gp inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yu
- a Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China .,b Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education , Hefei , China , and.,c Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine , Hefei , China
| | - Peng Zhou
- a Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China .,b Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education , Hefei , China , and.,c Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine , Hefei , China
| | - James Asenso
- a Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China .,b Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education , Hefei , China , and.,c Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine , Hefei , China
| | - Xiao-Dan Yang
- a Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China .,b Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education , Hefei , China , and.,c Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine , Hefei , China
| | - Chun Wang
- a Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China .,b Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education , Hefei , China , and.,c Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine , Hefei , China
| | - Wei Wei
- a Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , China .,b Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education , Hefei , China , and.,c Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine , Hefei , China
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Wong AST, Che CM, Leung KW. Recent advances in ginseng as cancer therapeutics: a functional and mechanistic overview. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 32:256-72. [PMID: 25347695 DOI: 10.1039/c4np00080c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Ginseng, a key ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine, shows great promise as a new treatment option. As listed by the U.S. National Institutes of Health as a complementary and alternative medicine, its anti-cancer functions are being increasingly recognized. This review covers the mechanisms of action of ginsenosides and their metabolites, which can modulate signaling pathways associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, angiogenesis, metastasis, and stem/progenitor-like properties of cancer cells. The emerging use of structurally modified ginsenosides and recent clinical studies on the use of ginseng either alone or in combination with other herbs or Western medicines which are exploited as novel therapeutic strategies will also be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice S T Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Yang M, Chen J, Shi X, Xu L, Xi Z, You L, An R, Wang X. Development of in Silico Models for Predicting P-Glycoprotein Inhibitors Based on a Two-Step Approach for Feature Selection and Its Application to Chinese Herbal Medicine Screening. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:3691-713. [PMID: 26376206 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is regarded as an important factor in determining the ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, and toxicity) characteristics of drugs and drug candidates. Successful prediction of P-gp inhibitors can thus lead to an improved understanding of the underlying mechanisms of both changes in the pharmacokinetics of drugs and drug-drug interactions. Therefore, there has been considerable interest in the development of in silico modeling of P-gp inhibitors in recent years. Considering that a large number of molecular descriptors are used to characterize diverse structural moleculars, efficient feature selection methods are required to extract the most informative predictors. In this work, we constructed an extensive available data set of 2428 molecules that includes 1518 P-gp inhibitors and 910 P-gp noninhibitors from multiple resources. Importantly, a two-step feature selection approach based on a genetic algorithm and a greedy forward-searching algorithm was employed to select the minimum set of the most informative descriptors that contribute to the prediction of P-gp inhibitors. To determine the best machine learning algorithm, 18 classifiers coupled with the feature selection method were compared. The top three best-performing models (flexible discriminant analysis, support vector machine, and random forest) and their ensemble model using respectively only 3, 9, 7, and 14 descriptors achieve an overall accuracy of 83.2%-86.7% for the training set containing 1040 compounds, an overall accuracy of 82.3%-85.5% for the test set containing 1039 compounds, and a prediction accuracy of 77.4%-79.9% for the external validation set containing 349 compounds. The models were further extensively validated by DrugBank database (1890 compounds). The proposed models are competitive with and in some cases better than other published models in terms of prediction accuracy and minimum number of descriptors. Applicability domain then was addressed by developing an ensemble classification model to obtain more reliable predictions. Finally, we employed these models as a virtual screening tool for identifying potential P-gp inhibitors in Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database containing a total of 13 051 unique compounds from 498 herbs, resulting in 875 potential P-gp inhibitors and 15 inhibitor-rich herbs. These predictions were partly supported by a literature search and are valuable not only to develop novel P-gp inhibitors from TCM in the early stages of drug development, but also to optimize the use of herbal remedies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacy, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiufeng Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwen Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Xi
- Department of Pharmacy, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Lisha You
- Department of Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui An
- Department of Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
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Saeed M, Zeino M, Kadioglu O, Volm M, Efferth T. Overcoming of P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance of tumors in vivo by drug combinations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.synres.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Integrins LFA-1 and Mac-1 and Cytokines IL-6 and IL-10 in High-Cancer Mice under the Influence of Phytoadaptogen. Bull Exp Biol Med 2014; 157:258-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-014-2539-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Bae SH, Park JB, Zheng YF, Jang MJ, Kim SO, Kim JY, Yoo YH, Yoon KD, Oh E, Bae SK. Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of ginsenoside Rh2 and Rg3 epimers after oral administration of BST204, a purified ginseng dry extract, in rats. Xenobiotica 2014; 44:1099-107. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2014.929192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Pharmacokinetic compatibility of ginsenosides and Schisandra Lignans in Shengmai-san: from the perspective of p-glycoprotein. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98717. [PMID: 24922060 PMCID: PMC4055595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phytochemical-mediated alterations in P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity may result in herb-drug interactions by altering drug pharmacokinetics. Shengmai-san, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine composed by Panax Ginseng, Ophiopogon Japonicus, and Schisandra Chinensis, is routinely being used for treating various coronary heart diseases. In our previous studies, Schisandra Lignans Extract (SLE) was proved as a strong P-gp inhibitor, and herein, the compatibility of Shengmai-san was studied by investigating the influence of SLE on the pharmacokinetics of the ginsenosides from the perspective of P-gp. Methodology Pharmacokinetic experiments were firstly performed based on in vitro uptake, efflux and transport experiments in Caco-2, LLC-PK1 wild-type and MDR1-overexpressing L-MDR1 cells. During the whole experiment, digoxin, a classical P-gp substrate, was used as a positive control drug to verify the cells used are the valid models. Meanwhile, the effects of SLE on the pharmacokinetics of ginsenosides were further investigated in rats after single-dose and multi-dose of SLE. Results and Conclusions The efflux ratios of ginsenoside Rb2, Rc, Rg2, Rg3, Rd and Rb1 were found more than 3.5 in L-MDR1 cells and can be decreased significantly by verapamil (a classical P-gp inhibitor). Contrarily, the efflux ratios of other ginsenosides (Rh1, F1, Re, and Rg1) were lower than 2.0 and not affected by verapamil. Then, the effects of SLE on the uptake and transport of ginsenosides were investigated, and SLE was found can significantly enhance the uptake and inhibit the efflux ratio of ginsenoside Rb2, Rc, Rg2, Rg3, Rd and Rb1 in Caco-2 and L-MDR1 cells. Besides, In vivo experiments showed that single-dose and multi-dose of SLE at 500 mg/kg could increase the area under the plasma concentration time curve of Rb2, Rc and Rd significantly without affecting terminal elimination half-time. In conclusion, SLE could enhance the exposure of ginsenosides Rb2, Rc, Rg2, Rg3, Rd and Rb1 significantly.
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Stereoselective property of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol ocotillol type epimers affects its absorption and also the inhibition of P-glycoprotein. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98887. [PMID: 24887182 PMCID: PMC4041784 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stereoselectivity has been proved to be tightly related to drug action including pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. (20S,24R)-epoxy-dammarane-3,12,25-triol (24R-epimer) and (20S,24S)-epoxy-dammarane-3,12,25-triol (24S-epimer), a pair of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD) ocotillol type epimers, were the main metabolites of PPD. Previous studies have shown that 24R-epimer and 24S-epimer had stereoselectivity in pharmacological action and pharmacokinetics. In the present study, the aim was to further study the pharmacokinetic characteristics of both epimers, investigate their absorption mechanism and analyze the selectivity effects of ocotillol type side chain and C24 stereo-configuration on P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in vivo and in vitro. Results showed that the absolute bioavailability of 24R-epimer was about 14-fold higher than that of 24S-epimer, and a linear kinetic characteristic was acquired in doses of 5-20 mg/kg for both epimers after oral administration. Furthermore, the apparent permeability coefficients of 24R-epimer were 5-7 folds higher than that of 24S-epimer having lower efflux ratios in Caco-2 cell models. Moreover, both 24R-epimer and 24S-epimer had similar inhibitory effects on P-gp by increasing cellular retention of rhodamine 123 in Caco-2 cells and decreasing efflux of digoxin across Caco-2 cell monolayers. In situ in vivo experiments showed that the inhibition of 24R-epimer on P-gp was stronger than that of 24S-epimer by single-pass intestinal perfusion of rhodamine 123 in rats. Western blot analyses demonstrated that both epimers had no action on P-gp expression in Caco-2 cells. In conclusion, with respect to the stereoselectivity, C24 S-configuration of the ocotillol type epimers processed a poor transmembrane permeability and could be distinguished by P-gp. Sharing a dammarane skeleton, both 24R-epimer and 24S-epimer were potent inhibitors of P-gp. This study provides a new case of stereoselective pharmacokinetics of chiral compounds which contributes to know the chiral characteristics of P-gp and structure-action relationship of PPD type and ocotillol type ginsenosides as a P-gp inhibitor.
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Evaluation of the in vitro/in vivo drug interaction potential of BST204, a purified dry extract of ginseng, and its four bioactive ginsenosides through cytochrome P450 inhibition/induction and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase inhibition. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 68:117-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Yan XJ, Gong LH, Zheng FY, Cheng KJ, Chen ZS, Shi Z. Triterpenoids as reversal agents for anticancer drug resistance treatment. Drug Discov Today 2014; 19:482-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2013.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Li C, Sun BQ, Gai XD. Compounds from Chinese herbal medicines as reversal agents for P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance in tumours. Clin Transl Oncol 2014; 16:593-8. [PMID: 24643703 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-014-1169-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle to successful cancer chemotherapy. One of the main underlying mechanisms of this resistance is the over-expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), an ATP-dependent transmembrane transporter protein encoded by the MDR1 gene. P-gp might transport anti-cancer drugs out of cancer cells and decrease effective intracellular drug concentrations. An effective approach to overcome MDR is to inhibit the function of P-gp or its expression on the surface of cancer cells. Thus, application of MDR reversal agents can be seen as a potentially important means by which to overcome the clinical drug resistance of tumour cells and improve the efficacy of chemotherapy. Recently, research efforts worldwide have focused on reversal mechanisms for MDR and on the identification of reversal agents. Chinese scholars have performed a great deal of exploratory work by screening for efficacy and low toxicity in drug resistance reversal compounds. These compounds may provide more lead compounds with greater activity, leading to the development of more effective therapies for MDR cancer cells. In this review, the function and efficiency of novel compounds derived from traditional Chinese medicines are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua University, 3999 Huashan Road, Jilin, 132013, People's Republic of China
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Seweryn E, Glehsk M, Środa-Pomianek K, Ceremuga I, Włodarczyk M, Gamian A. Cytotoxic Effects of Four Aescin Types on Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines. Nat Prod Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1400900328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Four types of aescin that are available on the pharmaceutical market, β-aescin crystalline, β-aescin amorphous, β-aescin sodium and aescin polysulfate, have been analyzed for their cytotoxic effects on human colon adenocarcinoma (LoVo) and doxorubicin-resistant human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines (LoVo/Dx). Their cytotoxic activities were evaluated by sulforhodamine B (SRB) and methyl tetrazolium (MTT) assays. All four types of aescin exerted strong dose-dependent cytotoxicity to LoVo and, to a lesser degree, LoVo/Dx cell lines. The IC50 value for the LoVo/Dx cell line was higher, but still dose-dependent. Results from both assays demonstrated that β-aescin crystalline has the most cytotoxic activity toward human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Seweryn
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 10, 50-368 Wroclaw, P land
| | - Michał Glehsk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kamila Środa-Pomianek
- Department of Biophysics, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 10, 50–368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Ceremuga
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 10, 50-368 Wroclaw, P land
| | - Maciej Włodarczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Gamian
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 10, 50-368 Wroclaw, P land
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Kim SS, Seong S, Kim SY. Synergistic effect of ginsenoside Rg3 with verapamil on the modulation of multidrug resistance in human acute myeloid leukemia cells. Oncol Lett 2014; 7:1265-1269. [PMID: 24944704 PMCID: PMC3961386 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.1826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacological modulatory effects of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 (20S-Rg3) on multidrug resistant cancer cells are reported in the present study. The effects of 20(S)-Rg3 on the modulation of doxorubicin (DOX) and vincristine (VCR) resistance were examined in the HL60 multidrug resistant subline of human acute myeloid leukemia cells. Results demonstrated that 20S-Rg3 is as effective as verapamil (Vp) for modulating the high degree primary DOX resistance and low degree VCR cross-resistance expressed by the H160 cell line. Furthermore, the present study demonstrates for the first time, using isobologram analysis, that the combination of 20S-Rg3 and Vp enhances the reversal of DOX and VCR resistance in a supra-additive or at least an additive manner. These results indicate that 20S-Rg3 may be used as a Vp synergizer or as a promising alternative to Vp in the chemosensitization of multidrug resistant acute myeloid leukemia, with far fewer side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Su Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Oriental Medicine, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin Seong
- Department of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Oriental Medicine, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
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Du JR, Long FY, Chen C. Research Progress on Natural Triterpenoid Saponins in the Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy of Cancer. Enzymes 2014; 36:95-130. [PMID: 27102701 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-802215-3.00006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Triterpenoid saponins are glycosides with remarkable structural and bioactive diversity. They are becoming increasingly significant in the treatment of cancer due to their efficacy and safety. This chapter provides an update on the sources, pharmacological effects, structure-activity relationships, and clinical studies of anticancer triterpenoid saponins with a particular focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying their therapeutic properties. The correlative references and study reports described were collected through PubMed. The anticancer triterpenoid saponins enable the inhibition of cancer formation and progression by modulating multiple signaling targets related to cellular proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, metastasis, angiogenesis, inflammation, oxidative stress, multidrug resistance, cancer stem cells, and microRNAs. This review provides new insights into the molecular basis of triterpenoid saponins in the chemoprevention and chemotherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Rong Du
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.
| | - Fang-Yi Long
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Chu Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, P.R. China.
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Ocotillol Enhanced the Antitumor Activity of Doxorubicin via p53-Dependent Apoptosis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:468537. [PMID: 23956772 PMCID: PMC3727205 DOI: 10.1155/2013/468537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of doxorubicin (Dox) was severely constrained by dose-dependent side effects, which might be attenuated by combining a “sensitizer” to decrease its cumulative dosage. In this study, it was investigated whether ocotillol could enhance the antiproliferation activity of Dox. MTT assays and xenograft tumor model were firstly conducted to evaluate the effect of ocotillol on the antitumor activity of Dox. Flow cytometry and Hoechst staining assays were then performed to assess cell apoptosis. Western blot and real-time PCR were finally used to detect the expression of p53 and its target genes. Our results showed ocotillol to enhance Dox-induced cell death in p53 wild-type cancer cells. Compared with Dox alone, Dox with ocotillol (Dox-O) could induce much more cell apoptosis and activate p53 to a much greater degree, which in turn markedly increased expression of proapoptosis genes. The enhanced cytotoxic activity was partially blocked by pifithrin-α, which might be through attenuating the increased apoptosis. Furthermore, ocotillol significantly increased the antitumor activity of Dox in A549 xenograft tumor in nude mice. These findings indicated that ocotillol could potentiate the cytotoxic effect of Dox through p53-dependent apoptosis and suggested that coadministration of ocotillol with Dox might be a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Na JY, Kim S, Song K, Lim KH, Shin GW, Kim JH, Kim B, Kwon YB, Kwon J. Anti-apoptotic Activity of Ginsenoside Rb1 in Hydrogen Peroxide-treated Chondrocytes: Stabilization of Mitochondria and the Inhibition of Caspase-3. J Ginseng Res 2013; 36:242-7. [PMID: 23717124 PMCID: PMC3659597 DOI: 10.5142/jgr.2012.36.3.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrocyte apoptosis has been recognized as an important factor in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which produces reactive oxygen species, reportedly induces apoptosis in chondrocytes. The ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1) is the principal component in ginseng and has been shown to have a variety of biological activities, such as anti-arthritis, anti-inflammation, and anti-tumor activities. In this study, we evaluated the effects of G-Rb1 on the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) and caspase-3 activity of chondrocyte apoptosis induced by H2O2. Cultured rat articular chondrocytes were exposed to H2O2 with or without G-Rb1 and assessed for viability, MPT, Bcl-xL/Bax expression, caspase-3 activity, and apoptosis. The co-treatment with G-Rb1 showed an inhibition of MPT, caspase-3 activity, and cell death. Additionally, the levels of the apoptotic protein Bax were significantly lower and the levels of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL were higher compared with H2O2 treatment alone. The results of this study demonstrate that G-Rb1 protects chondrocytes against H2O2-induced apoptosis, at least in part via the inhibition of MPT and caspase-3 activity. These results demonstrate that G-Rb1 is a potentially useful drug for the treatment of OA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Na
- BioSafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
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Jeon C, Kang S, Park S, Lim K, Hwang KW, Min H. T Cell Stimulatory Effects of Korean Red Ginseng through Modulation of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells. J Ginseng Res 2013; 35:462-70. [PMID: 23717093 PMCID: PMC3659549 DOI: 10.5142/jgr.2011.35.4.462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Revised: 10/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) actively suppress immune cells and have been considered as an impediment to successful cancer immunotherapy. Many approaches have been made to overcome such immunosuppressive factors and to exert effective anti-tumor effects, but the possibility of using medicinal plants for this purpose has been overlooked. Korean red ginseng (KRG) is widely known to possess a variety of pharmacological properties, including immunoboosting and anti-tumor activities. However, little has been done to assess the anti-tumor activity of KRG on MDSCs. Therefore, we examined the effects of KRG on MDSCs in tumor-bearing mice and evaluated immunostimulatory and anti-tumor activities of KRG through MDSC modulation. The data show that intraperitoneal administration of KRG compromises MDSC function and induces T cell proliferation and the secretion of IL-2 and IFN-γ, while it does not exhibit direct cytotoxicity on tumor cells and reduced MDSC accumulation. MDSCs isolated from KRG-treated mice also express significantly lower levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase and IL-10 accompanied by a decrease in nitric oxide production compared with control. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that KRG enhances T cell function by inhibiting the immunosuppressive activity of MDSCs and suggests that although KRG alone does not exhibit direct anti-tumor effects, the use of KRG together with conventional chemo- or immunotherapy may provide better outcomes to cancer patients through MDSC modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanoh Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea
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Liu J, Wang X, Liu P, Deng R, Lei M, Chen W, Hu L. 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol (PPD) analogues chemosensitize multidrug-resistant cancer cells to clinical anticancer drugs. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:4279-87. [PMID: 23683834 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Novel 20(S)-protopanoxadiol (PPD) analogues were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for the chemosensitizing activity against a multidrug resistant (MDR) cell line (KBvcr) overexpressing P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Structure-activity relationship analysis showed that aromatic substituted aliphatic amine at the 24-positions (groups V) effectively and significantly sensitized P-gp overexpressing multidrug resistant (MDR) cells to anticancer drugs, such as docetaxel (DOC), vincristine (VCR), and adriamycin (ADM). PPD derivatives 12 and 18 showed 1.3-2.6 times more effective reversal ability than verapamil (VER) for DOC and VCR. Importantly, no cytotoxicity was observed by the active PPD analogues (5μM) against both non-MDR and MDR cells, suggesting that PPD analogues serve as novel lead compounds toward a potent and safe resistance modulator. Moreover, a preliminary mechanism study demonstrated that the chemosensitizing activity of PPD analogues results from inhibition of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) overexpressed in MDR cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Liu
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China
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