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Naganuma T, Fujinami N, Arita M. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid-Derived Lipid Mediators That Regulate Epithelial Homeostasis. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:998-1007. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Naganuma
- Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy
| | - Nodoka Fujinami
- Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy
| | - Makoto Arita
- Cellular and Molecular Epigenetics Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama-City University
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2
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Wan M, Tang X, Stsiapanava A, Haeggström JZ. Biosynthesis of leukotriene B 4. Semin Immunol 2017; 33:3-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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3
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O’Dwyer CA, O’Brien ME, Wormald MR, White MM, Banville N, Hurley K, McCarthy C, McElvaney NG, Reeves EP. The BLT1 Inhibitory Function of α-1 Antitrypsin Augmentation Therapy Disrupts Leukotriene B4Neutrophil Signaling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:3628-41. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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4
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Yousefi B, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Azizi G, Hajighasemi F, Mirshafiey A. The role of leukotrienes in immunopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Mod Rheumatol 2014; 24:225-35. [DOI: 10.3109/14397595.2013.854056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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5
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Di Gennaro A, Haeggström JZ. Targeting leukotriene B4 in inflammation. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2013; 18:79-93. [PMID: 24090264 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2013.843671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Leukotriene (LT) B(4) is a powerful proinflammatory lipid mediator and triggers adherence to the endothelium, activates and recruits leukocytes to the site of injury. When formed in excess, LTB(4) plays a pathogenic role and may sustain chronic inflammation in diseases such as asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Recent investigations have also indicated that LTB(4) is involved in cardiovascular diseases. AREAS COVERED As the 5-lipoxygenase pathway involves several discrete, tightly coupled, enzymes, which convert the substrate, 'step by step', into bioactive products, several different strategies have been used to target LTB(4) as a means to treat inflammation. Here, we discuss recent findings regarding the development of selective enzyme inhibitors and antagonists for LTB(4) receptors, as well as their application in preclinical and clinical studies. EXPERT OPINION Components of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway have received considerable attention as candidate drug targets resulting in one new class of medications against asthma, that is, the antileukotrienes. However, efforts to specifically target LTB(4) have not yet been fruitful in the clinical setting, in spite of very promising preclinical data. Recently, crystal structures along with hitherto unknown functions of key enzymes in the leukotriene cascade have emerged, offering new opportunities for drug development and, with time, pharmacological intervention in LTB(4)-mediated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Di Gennaro
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Chemistry 2 , Scheeles väg 2, Stockholm, S-171 77 , Sweden
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6
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Yousefi B, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Azizi G, Hajighasemi F, Mirshafiey A. The role of leukotrienes in immunopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Mod Rheumatol 2013. [PMID: 23529572 DOI: 10.1007/s10165-013-0861-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of joints for which there is no strict cure. However, conventional medications can reduce inflammation, relieve pain, and slow joint damage. Leukotrienes are a family of paracrine agents derived from oxidative metabolism of arachidonic acid. Synthesis of lipid mediators and subsequent induction of receptor activity are tightly regulated under normal physiological conditions, so that enzyme and/or receptor dysfunction can lead to a variety of clinical signs and symptoms of disease, such as local pain and tissue edema. In these tissues, immunocompetent cells accumulate at the site of injury, contributing to tissue damage and perpetuation of the disease process. Leukotrienes (often leukotriene B4) as potent chemotactic agents can provoke most signs and symptoms in rheumatoid arthritis by initiating, coordinating, sustaining, and amplifying the inflammatory response, through recruitment of leukocytes. A number of studies have reported that pharmacological modulation in this field can significantly attenuate clinical manifestations associated with different inflammatory pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahman Yousefi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Box: 6446, 14155, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Çalışkan B, Banoglu E. Overview of recent drug discovery approaches for new generation leukotriene A4 hydrolase inhibitors. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2012; 8:49-63. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2013.735228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Çalışkan
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
Taç Sok. No:3 Yenimahalle, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erden Banoglu
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
Taç Sok. No:3 Yenimahalle, 06330 Ankara, Turkey ; ;
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8
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Haeggström JZ, Funk CD. Lipoxygenase and leukotriene pathways: biochemistry, biology, and roles in disease. Chem Rev 2011; 111:5866-98. [PMID: 21936577 DOI: 10.1021/cr200246d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 609] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Z Haeggström
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Chemistry 2, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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9
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Tsuji F, Aono H, Tsuboi T, Murakami T, Enomoto H, Mizutani K, Inagaki N. Role of Leukotriene B4 in 5-Lipoxygenase Metabolite- and Allergy-Induced Itch-Associated Responses in Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 33:1050-3. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Tsuji
- Research and Development Center, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University
| | - Hiroyuki Aono
- Research and Development Center, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Takashi Tsuboi
- Research and Development Center, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | | | - Hiroshi Enomoto
- Research and Development Center, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Keiko Mizutani
- Research and Development Center, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Naoki Inagaki
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Bioactive Molecules, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
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10
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Enomoto H, Morikawa Y, Miyake Y, Tsuji F, Mizuchi M, Suhara H, Fujimura KI, Horiuchi M, Ban M. Synthesis and biological evaluation of N-mercaptoacylcysteine derivatives as leukotriene A4 hydrolase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:442-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2008] [Revised: 11/10/2008] [Accepted: 11/13/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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Seifert O, Holmberg J, Linnarsson BM. Decreased activity of neutrophil glutathione peroxidase in chronic plaque-type psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007; 57:528-9. [PMID: 17707156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2007.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2006] [Revised: 01/15/2007] [Accepted: 01/25/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Kim HP. Molecular Events on Experimental Skin Inflammation and Modulation by Topical Anti-inflammatory Flavonoids. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2007. [DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2007.15.1.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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13
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Araico A, Terencio MC, Alcaraz MJ, Domínguez JN, León C, Ferrándiz ML. Phenylsulphonyl urenyl chalcone derivatives as dual inhibitors of cyclo-oxygenase-2 and 5-lipoxygenase. Life Sci 2005; 78:2911-8. [PMID: 16360707 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2005] [Revised: 11/09/2005] [Accepted: 11/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two series of phenylsulphonyl urenyl chalcone derivatives (UCH) with various patterns of substitution were tested for their effects on nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) overproduction in RAW 264.7 macrophages. None of the tested compounds reduced NO production more than 50% at 10 microM but most of them inhibited the generation of PGE2 with IC50 values under the micromolar range. Me-UCH 1, Me-UCH 5, Me-UCH 9, Cl-UCH 1, and Cl-UCH 9 were selected to evaluate their influence on human leukocyte functions and eicosanoids generation. These derivatives selectively inhibited cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity in human monocytes being Me-UCH 5 the most potent (IC50 0.06 microM). Selected compounds also reduced leukotriene B4 synthesis in human neutrophils by a direct inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) activity, with IC50 values from 0.5 to 0.8 microM. In addition, lysosomal enzyme secretion, such as elastase or myeloperoxidase as well as superoxide generation in human neutrophils were also reduced in a similar range. Our findings indicate that UCH derivatives exert a dual inhibitory effect on COX-2/5-LO activity. The profile and potency of these compounds may have relevance for the modulation of the inflammatory and nociceptive responses with reduction of undesirable side-effects associated with NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Araico
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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14
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Newman JW, Morisseau C, Hammock BD. Epoxide hydrolases: their roles and interactions with lipid metabolism. Prog Lipid Res 2005; 44:1-51. [PMID: 15748653 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2004.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The epoxide hydrolases (EHs) are enzymes present in all living organisms, which transform epoxide containing lipids by the addition of water. In plants and animals, many of these lipid substrates have potent biologically activities, such as host defenses, control of development, regulation of inflammation and blood pressure. Thus the EHs have important and diverse biological roles with profound effects on the physiological state of the host organisms. Currently, seven distinct epoxide hydrolase sub-types are recognized in higher organisms. These include the plant soluble EHs, the mammalian soluble epoxide hydrolase, the hepoxilin hydrolase, leukotriene A4 hydrolase, the microsomal epoxide hydrolase, and the insect juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase. While our understanding of these enzymes has progressed at different rates, here we discuss the current state of knowledge for each of these enzymes, along with a distillation of our current understanding of their endogenous roles. By reviewing the entire enzyme class together, both commonalities and discrepancies in our understanding are highlighted and important directions for future research pertaining to these enzymes are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Newman
- Department of Entomology, UCDavis Cancer Center, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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16
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Petersen JE, Hiran TS, Goebel WS, Johnson C, Murphy RC, Azmi FH, Hood AF, Travers JB, Dinauer MC. Enhanced cutaneous inflammatory reactions to Aspergillus fumigatus in a murine model of chronic granulomatous disease. J Invest Dermatol 2002; 118:424-9. [PMID: 11874480 DOI: 10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.01691.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic granulomatous disease is the manifestation of genetic defects of the leukocyte NADPH oxidase resulting in the absence of a respiratory burst. Patients with chronic granulomatous disease can develop chronic granulomas in many locations of the body, including the skin. Using an established murine model of X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (X-CGD) created by homologous recombinant disruption of the gene encoding the gp91phox component of the NADPH oxidase, in this study we examined cutaneous reactivity to sterile Aspergillus fumigatus hyphae. Injection of Aspergillus fumigatus into the dorsal ears of X-CGD mice resulted in an enhanced inflammatory response by 24 h, consisting of neutrophils, which developed into suppurative granulomas by 10 d. Intradermal injection of Aspergillus fumigatus into wild-type mice only resulted in a transient inflammatory response that resolved by 10 d. Injection of Aspergillus fumigatus into female carrier mice resulted in an acute inflammatory response that was similar to that of wild-type mice, but, at higher doses of Aspergillus fumigatus, many carriers subsequently developed granulomatous lesions that were qualitatively similar but smaller than those seen in X-CGD mice by 30 d. Consistent with the ability of X-CGD mice to mount an enhanced neutrophil-rich inflammatory response to Aspergillus fumigatus, significant levels of the potent neutrophil activator/chemoattractant leukotriene B4 were measured by mass spectrometry in skin biopsies at 24 and 72 h. In contrast to the exaggerated inflammatory response to intradermal Aspergillus fumigatus in X-CGD mice compared to their wild-type counterparts, similar levels of inflammation were seen in a model of delayed-type hypersensitivity using 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene. This study represents the first report of a cutaneous granuloma model in mice with X-CGD, which may also prove useful as a functional test to evaluate the efficacy of gene therapy protocols being developed for chronic granulomatous disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey E Petersen
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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17
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Rioja I, Terencio MC, Ubeda A, Molina P, Tárraga A, Gonzalez-Tejero A, Alcaraz MJ. A pyrroloquinazoline derivative with anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity by dual inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase-2 and 5-lipoxygenase. Eur J Pharmacol 2002; 434:177-85. [PMID: 11779581 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(01)01539-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, we reported a new pyrroloquinazoline derivative, 3-(4'-acetoxy-3',5'-dimethoxy)benzylidene-1,2-dihydropyrrolo[2,1-b]quinazoline-9-one (PQ), which inhibited human purified 5-lipoxygenase activity and prostaglandin E2 release in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In the present work, we show that PQ inhibits cyclo-oxygenase-2 activity in intact cell assays (human monocytes) and purified enzyme preparations (ovine isoenzymes) without affecting cyclo-oxygenase-1 activity. This behaviour was confirmed in vivo by using the zymosan-injected mouse air pouch model, where PQ caused a marked reduction in cell migration and leukotriene B4 levels at 4 h, as well as inhibition of prostaglandin E2 levels without affecting cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression at 24 h after zymosan stimulation. In addition, oral administration of this compound significantly reduced carrageenan-induced mouse paw oedema and phenyl-p-benzoquinone-induced writhings in mice. These results indicate that oral PQ exerts analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, which are related to dual inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase-2 and 5-lipoxygenase activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Rioja
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia. Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjasot, Valencia, Spain
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18
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Haribabu B, Verghese MW, Steeber DA, Sellars DD, Bock CB, Snyderman R. Targeted disruption of the leukotriene B(4) receptor in mice reveals its role in inflammation and platelet-activating factor-induced anaphylaxis. J Exp Med 2000; 192:433-8. [PMID: 10934231 PMCID: PMC2193219 DOI: 10.1084/jem.192.3.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotrienes are derived from arachidonic acid and serve as mediators of inflammation and immediate hypersensitivity. Leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)) and leukotriene C(4) (LTC(4)) act through G protein-coupled receptors LTB(4) receptor (BLTR) and Cys-LTR, respectively. To investigate the physiological role of BLTR, we produced mice with a targeted disruption of the BLTR gene. Mice deficient for BLTR (BLTR(-/-)) developed normally and had no apparent hematopoietic abnormalities. Peritoneal neutrophils from BLTR(-/-) mice displayed normal responses to the inflammatory mediators C5a and platelet-activating factor (PAF) but did not respond to LTB(4) for calcium mobilization or chemotaxis. Additionally, LTB(4) elicited peritoneal neutrophil influx in control but not in BLTR(-/-) mice. Thus, BLTR is the sole receptor for LTB(4)-induced inflammation in mice. Neutrophil influx in a peritonitis model and acute ear inflammation in response to arachidonic acid was significantly reduced in BLTR(-/-) mice. In mice, intravenous administration of PAF induces immediate lethal anaphylaxis. Surprisingly, female BLTR(-/-) mice displayed selective survival (6 of 9; P = 0.002) relative to male (1 of 11) mice of PAF-induced anaphylaxis. These results demonstrate the role of BLTR in leukotriene-mediated acute inflammation and an unexpected sex-related involvement in PAF-induced anaphylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Haribabu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
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19
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Youdim KA, Martin A, Joseph JA. Essential fatty acids and the brain: possible health implications. Int J Dev Neurosci 2000; 18:383-99. [PMID: 10817922 DOI: 10.1016/s0736-5748(00)00013-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid are essential for normal cellular function, and act as precursors for the synthesis of longer chained polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as arachidonic (AA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA), which have been shown to partake in numerous cellular functions affecting membrane fluidity, membrane enzyme activities and eicosanoid synthesis. The brain is particularly rich in PUFAs such as DHA, and changes in tissue membrane composition of these PUFAs reflect that of the dietary source. The decline in structural and functional integrity of this tissue appears to correlate with loss in membrane DHA concentrations. Arachidonic acid, also predominant in this tissue, is a major precursor for the synthesis of eicosanoids, that serve as intracellular or extracellular signals. With aging comes a likely increase in reactive oxygen species and hence a concomitant decline in membrane PUFA concentrations, and with it, cognitive impairment. Neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease also appear to exhibit membrane loss of PUFAs. Thus it may be that an optimal diet with a balance of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids may help to delay their onset or reduce the insult to brain functions which these diseases elicit.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Youdim
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, United States Department of Agriculture, Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
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20
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Penning TD, Chandrakumar NS, Chen BB, Chen HY, Desai BN, Djuric SW, Docter SH, Gasiecki AF, Haack RA, Miyashiro JM, Russell MA, Yu SS, Corley DG, Durley RC, Kilpatrick BF, Parnas BL, Askonas LJ, Gierse JK, Harding EI, Highkin MK, Kachur JF, Kim SH, Krivi GG, Villani-Price D, Pyla EY, Smith WG. Structure-activity relationship studies on 1-[2-(4-Phenylphenoxy)ethyl]pyrrolidine (SC-22716), a potent inhibitor of leukotriene A(4) (LTA(4)) hydrolase. J Med Chem 2000; 43:721-35. [PMID: 10691697 DOI: 10.1021/jm990496z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)) is a pro-inflammatory mediator that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and psoriasis. Since the action of LTA(4) hydrolase is the rate-limiting step for LTB(4) production, this enzyme represents an attractive pharmacological target for the suppression of LTB(4) production. From an in-house screening program, SC-22716 (1, 1-[2-(4-phenylphenoxy)ethyl]pyrrolidine) was identified as a potent inhibitor of LTA(4) hydrolase. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies around this structural class resulted in the identification of a number of novel, potent inhibitors of LTA(4) hydrolase, several of which demonstrated good oral activity in a mouse ex vivo whole blood assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Penning
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Structure-Activity Screening Program, Inflammatory Diseases Research, and Molecular Pharmacology, Searle Research and Development, Monsanto Company, Skokie, Illinois 60077, USA.
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Romay C, Ledón N, González R. Phycocyanin extract reduces leukotriene B4 levels in arachidonic acid-induced mouse-ear inflammation test. J Pharm Pharmacol 1999; 51:641-2. [PMID: 10411225 DOI: 10.1211/0022357991772646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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22
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Tsuji F, Oki K, Fujisawa K, Okahara A, Horiuchi M, Mita S. Involvement of leukotriene B4 in arthritis models. Life Sci 1999; 64:PL51-6. [PMID: 10027755 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(98)00556-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the role of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) in murine arthritis models using a leukotriene A4 (LTA4) hydrolase inhibitor, SA6541. SA6541 inhibited the severity of collagen-induced arthritis and muramyl dipeptide (MDP)-induced hyperproliferation of synovial cells in vivo. SA6541 also inhibited LTA4-induced hyperproliferation of synovial stromal cells in vitro. These results suggest that LTB4 may play an important role in arthritis models.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Tsuji
- Discovery Research Division, Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
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Tsuji F, Miyake Y, Enomoto H, Horiuchi M, Mita S. Effects of SA6541, a leukotriene A4 hydrolase inhibitor, and indomethacin on carrageenan-induced murine dermatitis. Eur J Pharmacol 1998; 346:81-5. [PMID: 9617756 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(98)00127-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of S-(4-dimethylaminobenzyl)-N-[(2S)-3-mercapto-2-methylpropionyl]-L- cysteine (SA6541), a potent leukotriene A4 hydrolase inhibitor. on early phase of carrageenan-induced dermatitis model. Carrageenan injection induced edema and neutrophil influx in the mouse ear. SA6541 inhibited edema formation and neutrophil influx. SA6541 also inhibited leukotriene B4 production but not prostaglandin E2 production in the mouse ear. On the other hand, indomethacin inhibited edema formation but not neutrophil influx. Indomethacin also inhibited prostaglandin E2 production but not leukotriene B4 production. Combination therapy with SA6541 and indomethacin strongly inhibited edema formation in comparison with treatment with either agent alone. These results suggest that leukotriene B4 may be important in the pathogenesis of dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Tsuji
- Discovery Research Division, Santen Pharmaceutical, Osaka, Japan
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