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Braun BC, Halaski N, Painer J, Krause E, Jewgenow K. The antioxidative enzyme SOD2 is important for physiological persistence of corpora lutea in lynxes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3681. [PMID: 32111948 PMCID: PMC7048870 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60634-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Corpora lutea (CL) are transient endocrine glands supporting pregnancy by progesterone production. They develop at the site of ovulation from the remaining follicle, are highly metabolically active and undergo distinct, transformative processes during their lifetime. In contrast to other species, CL of lynxes do not regress at the end of cycle, but remain functionally active (persist) for years. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and anti-oxidative enzymes are described to be important for the functionality of CL. We examined ten anti-oxidative enzymes in fresh and persistent CL of lynxes as well as in domestic cat CL of different luteal stages. The gene expression profiles, especially those of SOD1 and SOD2, showed some remarkable differences between CL stages during non-pregnant and pregnant cycles of domestic cats and between fresh and persistent CL of lynxes. Lynx gene expression profiles of SODs were confirmed by western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry and activity assays. SOD2 was characterized by a conspicuous high expression and enzyme activity exclusively in persistent CL. We suggest that SOD2 is required to detoxify potential elevated superoxide anion levels by producing H2O2 in the physiologically persistent CL. This product might also act as a signaling molecule, securing the CL from apoptosis and insuring long-term luteal cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Braun
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Department of Reproduction Biology, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany.
| | - N Halaski
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Department of Reproduction Biology, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Painer
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Department of Reproduction Management, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany.,Veterinary University Vienna, Research Institute for Wildlife Ecology, Savoyenstreet 1, 1160, Vienna, Austria
| | - E Krause
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - K Jewgenow
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Department of Reproduction Biology, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
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Chinopoulos C. Acute sources of mitochondrial NAD + during respiratory chain dysfunction. Exp Neurol 2020; 327:113218. [PMID: 32035071 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
It is a textbook definition that in the absence of oxygen or inhibition of the mitochondrial respiratory chain by pharmacologic or genetic means, hyper-reduction of the matrix pyridine nucleotide pool ensues due to impairment of complex I oxidizing NADH, leading to reductive stress. However, even under these conditions, the ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (KGDHC) is known to provide succinyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA ligase, thus supporting mitochondrial substrate-level phosphorylation (mSLP). Mindful that KGDHC is dependent on provision of NAD+, hereby sources of acute NADH oxidation are reviewed, namely i) mitochondrial diaphorases, ii) reversal of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase, iii) reversal of the mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase as it occurs under acidic conditions, iv) residual complex I activity and v) reverse operation of the malate-aspartate shuttle. The concept of NAD+ import through the inner mitochondrial membrane as well as artificial means of manipulating matrix NAD+/NADH are also discussed. Understanding the above mechanisms providing NAD+ to KGDHC thus supporting mSLP may assist in dampening mitochondrial dysfunction underlying neurological disorders encompassing impairment of the electron transport chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Chinopoulos
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Tuzolto st. 37-47, Budapest 1094, Hungary.
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Sakumoto R, Hayashi KG, Takahashi T. Different expression of PGE synthase, PGF receptor, TNF, Fas and oxytocin in the bovine corpus luteum of the estrous cycle and pregnancy. Reprod Biol 2014; 14:115-21. [PMID: 24856470 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Functional differences between the corpus luteum (CL) of pregnancy and CL of the cycle in cows were examined. Messenger RNA and protein levels of prostaglandin (PG) E synthase (PGES), PGF2α receptor (PGFR), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) and Fas were found to be higher in the CL of pregnancy than in CL of the cycle. Oxytocin (OT) mRNA and protein levels were lower in the CL of pregnancy. Messenger RNA levels of progesterone receptor (PR), luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR), PGE2 receptor (PGER), PGF synthase (PGFS), TNF receptor type I (TNFRI) and TNF receptor type II (TNFRII) did not differ between the cycle and pregnancy. PGE2 and PGF2α production by cultured bovine endometrial tissues was decreased by a supernatant derived from the homogenized CL of pregnancy but not by that of the CL of the cycle, suggesting that specific substances in the CL of pregnancy affect endometrial PG production in cows. Collectively, PGES, PGFR, TNF, Fas or OT may contribute to differences between the CL of pregnancy and CL of the estrous cycle in cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sakumoto
- Animal Physiology Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan.
| | - K-G Hayashi
- Animal Physiology Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - T Takahashi
- Animal Physiology Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
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Kiss G, Konrad C, Pour-Ghaz I, Mansour JJ, Németh B, Starkov AA, Adam-Vizi V, Chinopoulos C. Mitochondrial diaphorases as NAD⁺ donors to segments of the citric acid cycle that support substrate-level phosphorylation yielding ATP during respiratory inhibition. FASEB J 2014; 28:1682-97. [PMID: 24391134 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-243030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Substrate-level phosphorylation mediated by succinyl-CoA ligase in the mitochondrial matrix produces high-energy phosphates in the absence of oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, when the electron transport chain is dysfunctional, provision of succinyl-CoA by the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (KGDHC) is crucial for maintaining the function of succinyl-CoA ligase yielding ATP, preventing the adenine nucleotide translocase from reversing. We addressed the source of the NAD(+) supply for KGDHC under anoxic conditions and inhibition of complex I. Using pharmacologic tools and specific substrates and by examining tissues from pigeon liver exhibiting no diaphorase activity, we showed that mitochondrial diaphorases in the mouse liver contribute up to 81% to the NAD(+) pool during respiratory inhibition. Under these conditions, KGDHC's function, essential for the provision of succinyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA ligase, is supported by NAD(+) derived from diaphorases. Through this process, diaphorases contribute to the maintenance of substrate-level phosphorylation during respiratory inhibition, which is manifested in the forward operation of adenine nucleotide translocase. Finally, we show that reoxidation of the reducible substrates for the diaphorases is mediated by complex III of the respiratory chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Kiss
- 1Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, 37-47 Tuzolto Street, Budapest 1094, Hungary.
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Kamada H, Nonaka I, Takenouchi N, Amari M. Effects of selenium supplementation on plasma progesterone concentrations in pregnant heifers. Anim Sci J 2013; 85:241-6. [PMID: 24206213 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
It is known that selenium (Se) has various functions in animals. Many investigations on the biochemical and physiological effects of Se have been previously reported; however, the detailed function of Se in reproduction is not yet clear. We proposed the possibility that Se plays a notable role in progesterone production. The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of Se supplementation on progesterone levels of pregnant Holstein heifers. Eight Holstein heifers (-Se) were fed basal diet (containing 0.022 ppm of Se) throughout the experiment. While a 0.3 ppm diet of Se (sodium selenite) was fed to another seven animals (+Se) with basal diet. Blood sampling was carried out every week. Plasma Se concentrations were higher in Se-supplemented cows compared with controls (-Se) (P < 0.01) throughout the experiment. Se supplementation increased plasma progesterone in the 29-39 weeks of pregnancy from 4.98 ± 0.64 to 6.86 ± 0.49 ng/mL on average (P < 0.05). The present findings suggest that Se contributes to maintaining the function of the corpus luteum and/or placenta in the latter period of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hachiro Kamada
- NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Tsukuba, Japan
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Hassani M, Cai W, Holley DC, Lineswala JP, Maharjan BR, Ebrahimian GR, Seradj H, Stocksdale MG, Mohammadi F, Marvin CC, Gerdes JM, Beall HD, Behforouz M. Novel Lavendamycin Analogues as Antitumor Agents: Synthesis, in Vitro Cytotoxicity, Structure−Metabolism, and Computational Molecular Modeling Studies with NAD(P)H:Quinone Oxidoreductase 1. J Med Chem 2005; 48:7733-49. [PMID: 16302813 DOI: 10.1021/jm050758z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Novel lavendamycin analogues with various substituents were synthesized and evaluated as potential NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1)-directed antitumor agents. Pictet-Spengler condensation of quinoline- or quninoline-5,8-dione aldehydes with tryptamine or tryptophans yielded the lavendamycins. Metabolism studies with recombinant human NQO1 revealed that addition of NH2 and CH2OH groups at the quinolinedione-7-position and indolopyridine-2'-position had the greatest positive impact on substrate specificity. The best and poorest substrates were 37 (2'-CH2OH-7-NH2 derivative) and 31 (2'-CONH2-7-NHCOC3H7-n derivative) with reduction rates of 263 +/- 30 and 0.1 +/- 0.1 micromol/min/mg NQO1, respectively. Cytotoxicity toward human colon adenocarcinoma cells was determined for the lavendamycins. The best substrates for NQO1 were also the most selectively toxic to the NQO1-rich BE-NQ cells compared to NQO1-deficient BE-WT cells with 37 as the most selective. Molecular docking supported a model in which the best substrates were capable of efficient hydrogen-bonding interactions with key residues of the active site along with hydride ion reception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Hassani
- Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana 47306, USA
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Yeh J, Bowman MJ, Browne RW, Chen N. Reproductive aging results in a reconfigured ovarian antioxidant defense profile in rats. Fertil Steril 2005; 84 Suppl 2:1109-13. [PMID: 16210001 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2004] [Revised: 02/17/2005] [Accepted: 02/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test our hypothesis that reproductive aging changes the ovarian oxidative stress defense profile, in response to prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) during corpus luteum regression, because how a cell or an organ handles reactive oxygen intermediates may be dependent on the biological age of the organism. DESIGN Animal experimentation using rat model of corpus luteum regression. SETTING University reproductive biology laboratory. ANIMAL(S) Control (26-day-old) and 8- to 9-month-old (reproductive aging) rats. INTERVENTION(S) Corpus luteum formation was induced in control and 8- to 9-month-old (reproductive aging) rats with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin followed by human chorionic gonadotropin. Regression was then initiated with PGF2alpha. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Vitamin E, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances were measured. RESULT(S) Ovaries from reproductive aging rats, compared with the control (26-day-old) group, had elevated vitamin E levels at 0, 2, and 24 hours after PGF2alpha. At 2 and 24 hours after PGF2alpha, the aging ovaries had lower glutathione reductase levels. CONCLUSION(S) These data suggest that the reproductive aging ovary has a transformed oxidative stress defense profile and that this may account for some of the physiological changes found in reproductive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Yeh
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14222, USA.
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Abstract
DT-diaphorase (DTD) is an obligate two-electron reductase which bioactivates chemotherapeutic quinones. DTD levels are elevated in a number of tumour types, including non-small cell lung carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, liver cancers and breast carcinomas, when compared to the surrounding normal tissue. The differential in DTD between tumour and normal tissue should allow targeted activation of chemotherapeutic quinones in the tumour whilst minimising normal tissue toxicity. The prototypical bioreductive drug is Mitomycin C (MMC) which is widely used in clinical practice. However, MMC is actually a relatively poor substrate for DTD and its metabolism is pH-dependent. Other bioreductive drugs have failed because of poor solubility and inability to surpass other agents in use. RH1, a novel diaziridinylbenzoquinone, is a more efficient substrate for DTD. It has been demonstrated to have anti-tumour effects both in vitro and in vivo and demonstrates a relationship between DTD expression levels and drug response. RH1 has recently entered a phase I clinical trial in solid tumours under the auspices of Cancer Research UK. Recent work has demonstrated that DTD is present in the nucleus and is associated with both p53 and the heat shock protein, HSP-70. Furthermore, DTD is inducible by several non-toxic compounds and therefore much interest has focussed on increasing the differential in DTD levels between tumour and normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Danson
- Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Manchester, UK.
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Boström M, Björk K, Nelson BD, DePierre JW. Detailed analytical subcellular fractionation of non-pregnant porcine corpus luteum reveals peroxisomes of normal size and significant UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity in the high-speed supernatant. Chem Biol Interact 2004; 147:23-34. [PMID: 14726150 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2003.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A detailed subfractionation of the non-pregnant porcine corpus luteum (CL) was performed employing differential centrifugation. Marker enzyme assays (i.e., lactate dehydrogenase for the cytosol, NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase for the endoplasmatic reticulum, catalase (CAT) for peroxisomes, glutamate dehydrogenase for the mitochondrial matrix and acid phosphatase for lysosomes) in all subfractions obtained exhibited a pattern of distribution similar to that observed with rat liver. These subfractions should be useful in connection with many types of future studies. In disagreement with previous biochemical and morphological studies, peroxisomes (identified on the basis of catalase activity and by Western blotting of catalase and of the major peroxisomal membrane protein (PMP-70)) sedimented together with mitochondria (i.e., at 5000 x g(av) for 10 min) and not in the post-mitochondrial fraction prepared at 30,000 x g(av) for 20 min by Peterson and Stevensson. No other classical peroxisomal enzymes were detectable in the porcine ovary, raising questions concerning the function of peroxisomes in this organ. Furthermore, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT), generally considered to be an integral membrane protein anchored in the endoplasmatic reticulum, was recovered in both the cytosolic (i.e., the supernatant after centrifugation at 50,000 x g(av) for 1h) and the microsomal fraction of the porcine corpus luteum, even upon further centrifugation of the former. In contrast, UGT sediments exclusively in the microsomal fraction upon subfractionation of the liver and ovary from rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Boström
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories for the Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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