1
|
Quan K, Qin Y, Chen K, Liu M, Zhang X, Liu P, van der Mei HC, Busscher HJ, Zhang Z. Lethal puncturing of planktonic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by magnetically-rotated silica hexapods. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 664:275-283. [PMID: 38471190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Planktonic bacterial presence in many industrial and environmental applications and personal health-care products is generally countered using antimicrobials. However, antimicrobial chemicals present an environmental threat, while emerging resistance reduces their efficacy. Suspended bacteria have no defense against mechanical attack. Therefore, we synthesized silica hexapods on an α-Fe2O3 core that can be magnetically-rotated to inflict lethal cell-wall-damage to planktonic Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Hexapods possessed 600 nm long nano-spikes, composed of SiO2, as shown by FTIR and XPS. Fluorescence staining revealed cell wall damage caused by rotating hexapods. This damage was accompanied by DNA/protein release and bacterial death that increased with increasing rotational frequency up to 500 rpm. Lethal puncturing was more extensive on Gram-negative bacteria than on Gram-positive bacteria, which have a thicker peptidoglycan layer with a higher Young's modulus. Simulations confirmed that cell-wall-puncturing occurs at lower nano-spike penetration levels in the cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria. This approach offers a new way to kill bacteria in suspension, not based on antimicrobial chemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kecheng Quan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Yu Qin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Kai Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Xiaoliang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Henny C van der Mei
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk J Busscher
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Zexin Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Spencer RKW, Smirnova YG, Soleimani A, Müller M. Transient pores in hemifusion diaphragms. Biophys J 2024:S0006-3495(24)00392-8. [PMID: 38867448 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Exchange of material across two membranes, as in the case of synaptic neurotransmitter release from a vesicle, involves the formation and poration of a hemifusion diaphragm (HD). The nontrivial geometry of the HD leads to environment-dependent control, regarding the stability and dynamics of the pores required for this kind of exocytosis. This work combines particle simulations, field-based calculations, and phenomenological modeling to explore the factors influencing the stability, dynamics, and possible control mechanisms of pores in HDs. We find that pores preferentially form at the HD rim, and that their stability is sensitive to a number of factors, including the three line tensions, membrane tension, HD size, and the ability of lipids to "flip-flop" across leaflets. Along with a detailed analysis of these factors, we discuss ways that vesicles or cells may use them to open and close pores and thereby quickly and efficiently transport material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Russell K W Spencer
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Yuliya G Smirnova
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany; Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Alireza Soleimani
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marcus Müller
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Haro-Reyes T, Ortega-Blake I. Notable enhancement of Amphotericin B channel activity by applied pressures in the range of MS channel activation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2024; 1866:184326. [PMID: 38703804 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2024.184326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
The mechanism of Amphotericin B at the membrane is still subject of debate, with the prevailing hypothesis being the formation of pores. The activity of these pores is influenced by various factors. Recently aggregation in solution and insertion in the membrane had been highlighted as crucial for action of the drug Here we investigated the effect of applied pressure on the activity of Amphotericin B. Our findings demonstrate that applied pressure of 50 mmHg is sufficient to enhance the activity. We interpreted the results as supporting the idea that pressure fractures the membrane and promotes the insertion of the polyene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tammy Haro-Reyes
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad s/n, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Iván Ortega-Blake
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad s/n, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Billah MM, Ahmed M, Islam MZ, Yamazaki M. Processes and mechanisms underlying burst of giant unilamellar vesicles induced by antimicrobial peptides and compounds. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2024; 1866:184330. [PMID: 38679311 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2024.184330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
To clarify the damage of lipid bilayer region in bacterial cell membrane caused by antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and antimicrobial compounds (AMCs), their interactions with giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) of various lipid compositions have been examined. The findings revealed two main causes for the leakage: nanopore formation in the membrane and burst of GUVs. Although GUV burst has been explained previously based on the carpet model, the supporting evidence is limited. In this review, to better clarify the mechanism of GUV burst by AMPs, AMCs, and other membrane-active peptides, we described current knowledge of the conditions, characteristics, and detailed processes of GUV burst and the changes in the shape of the GUVs during burst. We identified several physical factors that affect GUV burst, such as membrane tension, electrostatic interaction, structural changes of GUV membrane such as membrane folding, and oil in the membrane. We also clarified one of the physical mechanisms underlying the instability of lipid bilayers that are associated with leakage in the carpet model. Based on these results, we propose a mechanism underlying some types of GUV burst induced by these substances: the growth of a nanopore to a micropore, resulting in GUV burst.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Masum Billah
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan; Department of Physics, Jashore University and Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Marzuk Ahmed
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Md Zahidul Islam
- Nanomaterials Research Division, Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Masahito Yamazaki
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan; Nanomaterials Research Division, Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Reagle T, Xie Y, Li Z, Carnero W, Baumgart T. Methyl-β-cyclodextrin asymmetrically extracts phospholipid from bilayers, granting tunable control over differential stress in lipid vesicles. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:4291-4307. [PMID: 38758097 PMCID: PMC11135146 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01772a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Lipid asymmetry - that is, a nonuniform lipid distribution between the leaflets of a bilayer - is a ubiquitous feature of biomembranes and is implicated in several cellular phenomena. Differential tension - that is, unequal lateral monolayer tensions comparing the leaflets of a bilayer- is closely associated with lipid asymmetry underlying these varied roles. Because differential tension is not directly measurable in combination with the fact that common methods to adjust this quantity grant only semi-quantitative control over it, a detailed understanding of lipid asymmetry and differential tension are impeded. To overcome these challenges, we leveraged reversible complexation of phospholipid by methyl-β-cyclodextrin (mbCD) to tune the direction and magnitude of lipid asymmetry in synthetic vesicles. Lipid asymmetry generated in our study induced (i) vesicle shape changes and (ii) gel-liquid phase coexistence in 1-component vesicles. By applying mass-action considerations to interpret our findings, we discuss how this approach provides access to phospholipid thermodynamic potentials in bilayers containing lipid asymmetry (which are coupled to the differential tension of a bilayer). Because lipid asymmetry yielded by our approach is (i) tunable and (ii) maintained over minute to hour timescales, we anticipate that this approach will be a valuable addition to the experimental toolbox for systematic investigation into the biophysical role(s) of lipid asymmetry (and differential tension).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Reagle
- University of Pennsylvania, Chemistry Department, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Yuxin Xie
- University of Pennsylvania, Chemistry Department, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Zheyuan Li
- University of Pennsylvania, Chemistry Department, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Warner Carnero
- University of Pennsylvania, Chemistry Department, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Tobias Baumgart
- University of Pennsylvania, Chemistry Department, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Park I, Choi S, Gwak Y, Kim J, Min G, Lim D, Lee SW. Microfluidic Electroporation Arrays for Investigating Electroporation-Induced Cellular Rupture Dynamics. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:242. [PMID: 38785716 PMCID: PMC11118139 DOI: 10.3390/bios14050242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Electroporation is pivotal in bioelectrochemistry for cellular manipulation, with prominent applications in drug delivery and cell membrane studies. A comprehensive understanding of pore generation requires an in-depth analysis of the critical pore size and the corresponding energy barrier at the onset of cell rupture. However, many studies have been limited to basic models such as artificial membranes or theoretical simulations. Challenging this paradigm, our study pioneers using a microfluidic electroporation chip array. This tool subjects live breast cancer cell species to a diverse spectrum of alternating current electric field conditions, driving electroporation-induced cell rupture. We conclusively determined the rupture voltages across varying applied voltage loading rates, enabling an unprecedented characterization of electric cell rupture dynamics encompassing critical pore radius and energy barrier. Further bolstering our investigation, we probed cells subjected to cholesterol depletion via methyl-β-cyclodextrin and revealed a strong correlation with electroporation. This work not only elucidates the dynamics of electric rupture in live cell membranes but also sets a robust foundation for future explorations into the mechanisms and energetics of live cell electroporation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Insu Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea; (I.P.)
| | - Seungyeop Choi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02481, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Four Institute of Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngwoo Gwak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Jingwon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeongjun Min
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Danyou Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea; (I.P.)
| | - Sang Woo Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vo ATN, Murphy MA, Phan PK, Prabhu RK, Stone TW. Effect of Force Field Resolution on Membrane Mechanical Response and Mechanoporation Damage under Deformation Simulations. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:865-875. [PMID: 37016179 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00726-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Damage induced by transient disruption and mechanoporation in an intact cell membrane is a vital nanoscale biomechanical mechanism that critically affects cell viability. To complement experimental studies of mechanical membrane damage and disruption, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been performed at different force field resolutions, each of which follows different parameterization strategies and thus may influence the properties and dynamics of membrane systems. Therefore, the current study performed tensile deformation MD simulations of bilayer membranes using all-atom (AA), united-atom (UA), and coarse-grained Martini (CG-M) models to investigate how the damage biomechanics differs across atomistic and coarse-grained (CG) simulations. The mechanical response and mechanoporation damage were qualitatively similar but quantitatively different in the three models, including some progressive changes based on the coarse-graining level. The membranes yielded and reached ultimate strength at similar strains; however, the coarser systems exhibited lower average yield stresses and failure strains. The average failure strain in the UA model was approximately 7% lower than the AA, and the CG-M was 20% lower than UA and 27% lower than AA. The CG systems also nucleated a higher number of pores and larger pores, which resulted in higher damage during the deformation process. Overall, the study provides insight on the impact of force field-a critical factor in modeling biomolecular systems and their interactions-in inspecting membrane mechanosensitive responses and serves as a reference for justifying the appropriate force field for future studies of more complex membranes and more diverse biomolecular assemblies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anh T N Vo
- Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems (CAVS), Mississippi State University, 200 Research Blvd, Starkville, MS, 39759, USA.
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Starkville, MS, 39762, USA.
| | - Michael A Murphy
- Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems (CAVS), Mississippi State University, 200 Research Blvd, Starkville, MS, 39759, USA
| | - Phong K Phan
- Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems (CAVS), Mississippi State University, 200 Research Blvd, Starkville, MS, 39759, USA
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Starkville, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Raj K Prabhu
- NASA Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX, 77058, USA
| | - Tonya W Stone
- Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems (CAVS), Mississippi State University, 200 Research Blvd, Starkville, MS, 39759, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Starkville, MS, 39762, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Spencer RKW, Santos-Pérez I, Rodríguez-Renovales I, Martinez Galvez JM, Shnyrova AV, Müller M. Membrane fission via transmembrane contact. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2793. [PMID: 38555357 PMCID: PMC10981662 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47122-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Division of intracellular organelles often correlates with additional membrane wrapping, e.g., by the endoplasmic reticulum or the outer mitochondrial membrane. Such wrapping plays a vital role in proteome and lipidome organization. However, how an extra membrane impacts the mechanics of the division has not been investigated. Here we combine fluorescence and cryo-electron microscopy experiments with self-consistent field theory to explore the stress-induced instabilities imposed by membrane wrapping in a simple double-membrane tubular system. We find that, at physiologically relevant conditions, the outer membrane facilitates an alternative pathway for the inner-tube fission through the formation of a transient contact (hemi-fusion) between both membranes. A detailed molecular theory of the fission pathways in the double membrane system reveals the topological complexity of the process, resulting both in leaky and leakless intermediates, with energies and topologies predicting physiological events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Russell K W Spencer
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Isaac Santos-Pérez
- Electron Microscopy and Crystallography Platform, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Derio, Spain
| | - Izaro Rodríguez-Renovales
- BREM Basque Resource for Electron Microscopy, Leioa, Spain
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena, Leioa, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Martinez Galvez
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena, Leioa, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Anna V Shnyrova
- Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena, Leioa, Spain.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain.
| | - Marcus Müller
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ahmed M, Islam MZ, Billah MM, Yamazaki M. Effect of Phosphatidylethanolamine on Pore Formation Induced by the Antimicrobial Peptide PGLa. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:2684-2696. [PMID: 38450565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c08098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Most antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) induce pore formation and a burst of lipid bilayers and plasma membranes. This causes severe leakage of the internal contents and cell death. The AMP PGLa forms nanopores in giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) comprising dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) and dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol (DOPG). We here elucidated the effect of the line tension of a prepore rim on PGLa-induced nanopore formation by investigating the interaction of PGLa with single GUVs comprising dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE)/DOPG (6:4) in buffer using the single GUV method. We found that PGLa forms nanopores in the GUV membrane, which evolved into a local burst and burst of GUVs. The rate of pore formation in DOPE/DOPG-GUVs was smaller than that in DOPC/DOPG-GUVs. PGLa is located only in the outer leaflet of a GUV bilayer just before a fluorescent probe AF647 leakage from the inside, indicating that this asymmetric distribution induces nanopore formation. PGLa-induced local burst and burst of GUVs were observed at 10 ms-time resolution. After nanopore formation started, dense particles and small vesicles appeared in the GUVs, followed by a decrease in the GUV diameter. The GUV was finally converted into smaller GUV or lipid membrane aggregates. We discuss the mechanisms of PGLa-induced nanopore formation and its direct evolution to a GUV burst.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marzuk Ahmed
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Md Zahidul Islam
- Nanomaterials Research Division, Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Md Masum Billah
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Masahito Yamazaki
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
- Nanomaterials Research Division, Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ahmed M, Islam MZ, Billah MM, Yamazaki M. Effect of membrane tension on antimicrobial peptide PGLa-induced pore formation in lipid bilayers. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 695:149452. [PMID: 38169185 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The osmotic pressure (Π) method has recently been developed to quantitatively examine the effect of membrane tension (σ) on pore formation in giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) induced by antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Here, we used the Π method to reveal the effect of σ on the interaction of an AMP, PGLa, with lipid bilayers comprising dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol (DOPG) and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) (4/6). PGLa induced leakage of fluorescent probes from single GUVs under Π, indicating nanopore formation. Membrane tension did not transform a PGLa-induced nanopore into a micropore nor cause GUV burst up to 3.4 mN/m, which is in contrast with the effect of σ on another AMP, magainin 2-induced pore formation, where lower σ resulted in GUV burst. The fraction of leaking GUVs at a specific time increased with increasing σ, indicating that the rate of PGLa-induced pore formation increases with increasing σ. The rate of transfer of fluorescent probe-labeled PGLa across the lipid bilayer without pore formation also increased with increasing σ. PGLa-induced pore formation requires a symmetric distribution of peptides in both leaflets of the GUV bilayer, and thus we infer that the increase in the rate of PGLa transfer from the outer leaflet to the inner leaflet underlies the increase in the rate of pore formation with increasing σ. On the basis of these results, we discuss the difference between the effect of σ on nanopore formation in GUV membranes induced by PGLa and that by magainin 2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marzuk Ahmed
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Md Zahidul Islam
- Nanomaterials Research Division, Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan; Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Masum Billah
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Masahito Yamazaki
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan; Nanomaterials Research Division, Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ahmed M, Billah MM, Tamba Y, Yamazaki M. Estimation of negative membrane tension in lipid bilayers and its effect on antimicrobial peptide magainin 2-induced pore formation. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:011101. [PMID: 38165103 DOI: 10.1063/5.0174288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Positive membrane tension in the stretched plasma membrane of cells and in the stretched lipid bilayer of vesicles has been well analyzed quantitatively, whereas there is limited quantitative information on negative membrane tension in compressed plasma membranes and lipid bilayers. Here, we examined negative membrane tension quantitatively. First, we developed a theory to describe negative membrane tension by analyzing the free energy of lipid bilayers to obtain a theoretical equation for negative membrane tension. This allowed us to obtain an equation describing the negative membrane tension (σosm) for giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) in hypertonic solutions due to negative osmotic pressure (Π). Then, we experimentally estimated the negative membrane tension for GUVs in hypertonic solutions by measuring the rate constant (kr) of rupture of the GUVs induced by the constant tension (σex) due to an external force as a function of σex. We found that larger σex values were required to induce the rupture of GUVs under negative Π compared with GUVs in isotonic solution and quantitatively determined the negative membrane tension induced by Π (σosm) by the difference between these σex values. At small negative Π, the experimental values of negative σosm agree with their theoretical values within experimental error, but as negative Π increases, the deviation increases. Negative tension increased the stability of GUVs because higher tensions were required for GUV rupture, and the rate constant of antimicrobial peptide magainin 2-induced pore formation decreased.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marzuk Ahmed
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Md Masum Billah
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Tamba
- General Education, National Institute of Technology, Suzuka College, Suzuka 510-0294, Japan
| | - Masahito Yamazaki
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
- Nanomaterials Research Division, Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sevenler D, Toner M. High throughput intracellular delivery by viscoelastic mechanoporation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:115. [PMID: 38167490 PMCID: PMC10762167 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44447-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Brief pulses of electric field (electroporation) and/or tensile stress (mechanoporation) have been used to reversibly permeabilize the plasma membrane of mammalian cells and deliver materials to the cytosol. However, electroporation can be harmful to cells, while efficient mechanoporation strategies have not been scalable due to the use of narrow constrictions or needles which are susceptible to clogging. Here we report a high throughput approach to mechanoporation in which the plasma membrane is stretched and reversibly permeabilized by viscoelastic fluid forces within a microfluidic chip without surface contact. Biomolecules are delivered directly to the cytosol within seconds at a throughput exceeding 250 million cells per minute. Viscoelastic mechanoporation is compatible with a variety of biomolecules including proteins, RNA, and CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complexes, as well as a range of cell types including HEK293T cells and primary T cells. Altogether, viscoelastic mechanoporation appears feasible for contact-free permeabilization and delivery of biomolecules to mammalian cells ex vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derin Sevenler
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Mehmet Toner
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Shriners Children's, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kondrashov OV, Akimov SA. Alteration of Average Thickness of Lipid Bilayer by Membrane-Deforming Inclusions. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1731. [PMID: 38136602 PMCID: PMC10741968 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Thickness of lipid bilayer membranes is a key physical parameter determining membrane permeability and stability with respect to formation of through pores. Most membrane inclusions or impurities like amphipathic peptides, transmembrane peptides, lipid inclusions of a different molecular shape, lipid domains, and protein-lipid domains, locally deform the membrane. The detailed structure of the locally deformed region of the membrane is a kind of "fingerprint" for the inclusion type. However, most experimental methods allow determining only averaged parameters of membranes with incorporated inclusions, thus preventing the direct obtaining of the characteristics of the inclusion. Here we developed a model that allows the obtaining of characteristic parameters of three types of membrane inclusions (amphipathic peptides, transmembrane peptides, monolayer lipid patches) from experimentally observable dependencies of the average thickness of lipid bilayer on the surface concentration of the inclusions. In the case of amphipathic peptides, the model provided the peptide parameters that were in qualitative agreement with the available experimental data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg V. Kondrashov
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/4 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey A. Akimov
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/4 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Punia R, Goel G. Free Energy Surface and Molecular Mechanism of Slow Structural Transitions in Lipid Bilayers. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:8245-8257. [PMID: 37947833 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Lipid membrane remodeling, crucial for many cellular processes, is governed by the coupling of membrane structure and shape fluctuations. Given the importance of the ∼ nm length scale, details of the transition intermediates for conformational change are not fully captured by a continuum-mechanical description. Slow dynamics and the lack of knowledge of reaction coordinates (RCs) for biasing methods pose a challenge for all-atom (AA) simulations. Here, we map system dynamics on Langevin dynamics in a normal mode space determined from an elastic network model representation for the lipid-water Hamiltonian. AA molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are used to determine model parameters, and Langevin dynamics predictions for bilayer structural, mechanical, and dynamic properties are validated against MD simulations and experiments. Transferability to describe the dynamics of a larger lipid bilayer and a heterogeneous membrane-protein system is assessed. A set of generic RCs for pore formation in two tensionless bilayers is obtained by coupling Langevin dynamics to the underlying energy landscape for membrane deformations. Structure evolution is carried out by AA MD, wherein the generic RCs are used in a path metadynamics or an umbrella sampling simulation to determine the thermodynamics of pore formation and its molecular determinants, such as the role of distinct bilayer motions, lipid solvation, and lipid packing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Punia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Gaurav Goel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wadud MA, Karal MAS, Moniruzzaman M, Rashid MMO. Effects of membrane potentials on the electroporation of giant unilamellar vesicles. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291496. [PMID: 37699026 PMCID: PMC10497157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Living organisms maintain a resting membrane potential, which plays an important role in various biophysical and biological processes. In the context of medical applications, irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a non-thermal and minimally invasive technique that utilizes precisely controlled electric field pulses of micro- to millisecond durations to effectively ablate cancer and tumor cells. Previous studies on IRE-induced rupture of cell-mimetic giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) have primarily been conducted in the absence of membrane potentials. In this study, we investigated the electroporation of GUVs, including parameters such as the rate constant of rupture and the probability of rupture, in the presence of various negative membrane potentials. The membranes of GUVs were prepared using lipids and channel forming proteins. As the membrane potential increased from 0 to -90 mV, the rate constant of rupture showed a significant increase from (7.5 ± 1.6)×10-3 to (35.6 ± 5.5)×10-3 s-1. The corresponding probability of rupture also exhibited a notable increase from 0.40 ± 0.05 to 0.68 ± 0.05. To estimate the pore edge tension, the electric tension-dependent logarithm of the rate constant was fitted with the Arrhenius equation for different membrane potentials. The presence of membrane potential did not lead to any significant changes in the pore edge tension. The increase in electroporation is reasonably explained by the decrease in the prepore free energy barrier. The choice of buffer used in GUVs can significantly influence the kinetics of electroporation. This study provides valuable insights that can contribute to the application of electroporation techniques in the biomedical field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Abdul Wadud
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md. Moniruzzaman
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mamun Or Rashid
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Moniruzzaman M, Karal MAS, Wadud MA, Rashid MMO. Increase in anionic Fe 3O 4 nanoparticle-induced membrane poration and vesicle deformation due to membrane potential - an experimental study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:23111-23124. [PMID: 37602684 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02702c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The membrane potential plays a significant role in various cellular processes while interacting with membrane active agents. So far, all the investigations of the interaction of nanoparticles (NPs) with lipid vesicles have been performed in the absence of membrane potential. In this study, the anionic magnetite NP-induced poration along with deformation of cell-mimetic giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) has been studied in the presence of various membrane potentials. Lipids 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) (DOPG), 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC), and channel forming protein gramicidin A (GrA) are used to synthesize the DOPG/DOPC/GrA-GUVs. The static and dynamic nature of GUVs is investigated using phase contrast fluorescent microscopy. The presence of GrA in the membrane decreases the leakage constant of the encapsulating fluorescent probe (calcein) in the absence of membrane potential. With the increase of negative membrane potential, the leakage shifts from a single exponential to two exponential functions, obtaining two leakage constants. The leakage became faster at the initial stage, and at the final stage, it became slower with the increase in negative membrane potential. Both the fraction of poration and deformation increase with the increase of negative membrane potential. These results suggested that the membrane potential enhances the NP-induced poration along with the deformation of DOPG/DOPC/GrA-GUVs. The increase of the binding constant in the NPs with membrane potential is one of the important factors for increasing membrane permeation and vesicle deformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Moniruzzaman
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Mohammad Abu Sayem Karal
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Abdul Wadud
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Mamun Or Rashid
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Islam K, Razizadeh M, Liu Y. Coarse-grained molecular simulation of extracellular vesicle squeezing for drug loading. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:12308-12321. [PMID: 37082907 PMCID: PMC10337604 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00387f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, extracellular vesicles have become promising carriers as next-generation drug delivery platforms. Effective loading of exogenous cargos without compromising the extracellular vesicle membrane is a major challenge. Rapid squeezing through nanofluidic channels is a widely used approach to load exogenous cargoes into the EV through the nanopores generated temporarily on the membrane. However, the exact mechanism and dynamics of nanopore opening, as well as cargo loading through nanopores during the squeezing process remains unknown and it is impossible to visualize or quantify it experimentally due to the small size of the EV and the fast transient process. This paper developed a systemic algorithm to simulate nanopore formation and predict drug loading during extracellular vesicle (EV) squeezing by leveraging the power of coarse-grain (CG) molecular dynamics simulations with fluid dynamics. The EV CG beads are coupled with implicit the fluctuating lattice Boltzmann solvent. The effects of EV properties and various squeezing test parameters, such as EV size, flow velocity, channel width, and length, on pore formation and drug loading efficiency are analyzed. Based on the simulation results, a phase diagram is provided as a design guide for nanochannel geometry and squeezing velocity to generate pores on the membrane without damaging the EV. This method can be utilized to optimize the nanofluidic device configuration and flow setup to obtain desired drug loading into EVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khayrul Islam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA.
| | - Meghdad Razizadeh
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sevenler D, Toner M. High throughput intracellular delivery by viscoelastic mechanoporation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.24.538131. [PMID: 37163007 PMCID: PMC10168280 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.24.538131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Brief and intense electric fields (electroporation) and/or tensile stresses (mechanoporation) have been used to temporarily permeabilize the plasma membrane of mammalian cells for the purpose of delivering materials to the cytosol. However, electroporation can be harmful to cells, while efficient mechanoporation strategies have not been scalable due to the use of narrow constrictions or needles which are susceptible to clogging. Here we report a method of mechanoporation in which cells were stretched and permeabilized by viscoelastic flow forces without surface contact. Inertio-elastic cell focusing aligned cells to the center of the device, avoiding direct contact with walls and enabling efficient (95%) intracellular delivery to over 200 million cells per minute. Functional biomolecules such as proteins, RNA, and ribonucleoprotein complexes were successfully delivered to Jurkat cells. Efficient intracellular delivery to HEK293T cells and primary activated T cells was also demonstrated. Contact-free mechanoporation using viscoelastic fluid forces appears to be feasible method for efficient and high throughput intracellular delivery of biomolecules to mammalian cells ex vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derin Sevenler
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mehmet Toner
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sakamoto R, Banerjee DS, Yadav V, Chen S, Gardel M, Sykes C, Banerjee S, Murrell MP. Membrane tension induces F-actin reorganization and flow in a biomimetic model cortex. Commun Biol 2023; 6:325. [PMID: 36973388 PMCID: PMC10043271 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04684-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe accumulation and transmission of mechanical stresses in the cell cortex and membrane determines the mechanics of cell shape and coordinates essential physical behaviors, from cell polarization to cell migration. However, the extent that the membrane and cytoskeleton each contribute to the transmission of mechanical stresses to coordinate diverse behaviors is unclear. Here, we reconstitute a minimal model of the actomyosin cortex within liposomes that adheres, spreads and ultimately ruptures on a surface. During spreading, accumulated adhesion-induced (passive) stresses within the membrane drive changes in the spatial assembly of actin. By contrast, during rupture, accumulated myosin-induced (active) stresses within the cortex determine the rate of pore opening. Thus, in the same system, devoid of biochemical regulation, the membrane and cortex can each play a passive or active role in the generation and transmission of mechanical stress, and their relative roles drive diverse biomimetic physical behaviors.
Collapse
|
20
|
Billah MM, Or Rashid MM, Ahmed M, Yamazaki M. Antimicrobial peptide magainin 2-induced rupture of single giant unilamellar vesicles comprising E. coli polar lipids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2023; 1865:184112. [PMID: 36567034 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.184112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Most antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) damage the cell membrane of bacterial cells and induce rapid leakage of the internal cell contents, which is a main cause of their bactericidal activity. One of the AMPs, magainin 2 (Mag), forms nanopores in giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) comprising phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG), inducing leakage of fluorescent probes. In this study, to elucidate the Mag-induced pore formation in lipid bilayer region in E. coli cell membrane, we examined the interaction of Mag with single GUVs comprising E. coli polar lipids (E. coli-lipid-GUVs). First, we investigated the Mag-induced leakage of a fluorescent probe AF488 from single E. coli-lipid-GUVs, and found that Mag caused rupture of GUVs, inducing rapid AF488 leakage. The rate constant of Mag-induced GUV rupture increased with the Mag concentration. Using fluorescence microscopy with a time resolution of 5 ms, we revealed the GUV rupture process: first, a small micropore was observed in the GUV membrane, then the pore radius increased within 50 ms without changing the GUV diameter, the thickness of the membrane at the pore rim concomitantly increased, and eventually membrane aggregates were formed. Mag bound to only the outer monolayer of the GUV before GUV rupture, which increased the area of the GUV bilayer. We also examined the physical properties of E. coli-lipid-GUVs themselves. We found that the rate constant of the constant tension-induced rupture of E. coli-lipid-GUVs was higher than that of PG/PC-GUVs. Based on these results, we discussed the Mag-induced rupture of E. coli-lipid-GUVs and its mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Masum Billah
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Md Mamun Or Rashid
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Marzuk Ahmed
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Masahito Yamazaki
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan; Nanomaterials Research Division, Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tazawa K, Yamazaki M. Effect of monolayer spontaneous curvature on constant tension-induced pore formation in lipid bilayers. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:081101. [PMID: 36859073 DOI: 10.1063/5.0135561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The methodology of constant tension-induced rupture of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) has provided information on tension-induced pore formation. This method was used to investigate the effect of spontaneous curvature (H0) for a lipid monolayer on the rate constant (kr) for constant tension (σ)-induced rupture, which originates from pore formation in lipid bilayers. Lipids were incorporated with different H0 values into GUV membranes to change the overall H0 value for the GUV monolayer. The dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol (DOPG)/dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) (4/6, molar ratio, here and elsewhere) monolayer has a negative H0, whereas the DOPG/dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) (4/6) monolayer has an essentially zero H0. A higher tension was required to induce the rupture of DOPG/DOPE (4/6)-GUVs compared with DOPG/DOPC (4/6)-GUVs. The line tension (Γ) for a pre-pore in DOPG/DOPE (4/6)-GUVs, determined by the analysis of the tension dependence of kr, was 1.5 times larger than that in DOPG/DOPC (4/6)-GUVs. The kr values for GUVs comprising DOPG/DOPC/18:1 lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) (40/55/10), which has a positive H0, were larger than those for DOPG/DOPC (4/6)-GUVs under the same tension. The Γ value for DOPG/DOPC/LPC (40/55/10)-GUVs was almost half that for DOPG/DOPC (4/6)-GUVs. These results indicate that Γ decreases with increasing H0, which results in an increase in kr. Based on these results, the effect of H0 on kr and Γ is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanta Tazawa
- Physics Course, Department of Science, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Masahito Yamazaki
- Physics Course, Department of Science, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lamont S, Fropier J, Abadie J, Piat E, Constantinescu A, Roux C, Vernerey F. Profiling oocytes with neural networks from images and mechanical data. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 138:105640. [PMID: 36566663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The success rate of assisted reproductive technologies could be greatly improved by selectively choosing egg cells (oocytes) with the greatest chance of fertilization. The goal of mechanical profiling is, thus, to improve predictive oocyte selection by isolating the mechanical properties of oocytes and correlating them to their reproductive potential. The restrictions on experimental platforms, however - including minimal invasiveness and practicality in laboratory implementation - greatly limits the data that can be acquired from a single oocyte. In this study, we perform indentation studies on human oocytes and characterize the mechanical properties of the zona pellucida, the outer layer of the oocyte. We obtain excellent fitting with our physical model when indenting with a flat surface and clearly illustrate localized shear-thinning behavior of the zona pellucida, which has not been previously reported. We conclude by outlining a promising methodology for isolating the mechanical properties of the cytoplasm using neural networks and optical images taken during indentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Lamont
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Program of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America
| | - Juliette Fropier
- Laboratoire de Mécanique des Solides - CNRS - École Polytechnique - Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Joel Abadie
- FEMTO-ST Institute, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS, 15B avenue des Montboucons, 25030 Besançon, cedex, France
| | - Emmanuel Piat
- FEMTO-ST Institute, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS, 15B avenue des Montboucons, 25030 Besançon, cedex, France
| | - Andrei Constantinescu
- Laboratoire de Mécanique des Solides - CNRS - École Polytechnique - Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Christophe Roux
- Service de Biologie et Médecine de la Reproduction - Cryobiologie - CECOS Franche-Comté Bourgogne, CHRU Jean Minjoz, 3 Bd Fleming, 25030 Besançon cedex, France
| | - Franck Vernerey
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Program of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Noguchi H. Membrane domain formation induced by binding/unbinding of curvature-inducing molecules on both membrane surfaces. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:679-688. [PMID: 36597888 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01536f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The domain formation of curvature-inducing molecules, such as peripheral or transmembrane proteins and conical surfactants, is studied in thermal equilibrium and nonequilibrium steady states using meshless membrane simulations. These molecules can bind to both surfaces of a bilayer membrane and also move to the opposite leaflet by a flip-flop. Under symmetric conditions for the two leaflets, the membrane domains form checkerboard patterns in addition to striped and spot patterns. The unbound membrane stabilizes the vertices of the checkerboard. Under asymmetric conditions, the domains form kagome-lattice and thread-like patterns. In the nonequilibrium steady states, a flow of the binding molecules between the upper and lower solutions can occur via flip-flop.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Noguchi
- Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Warner JM, An D, Stratton BS, O'Shaughnessy B. A hemifused complex is the hub in a network of pathways to membrane fusion. Biophys J 2023; 122:374-385. [PMID: 36463406 PMCID: PMC9892611 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane fusion is a critical step for many essential processes, from neurotransmission to fertilization. For over 40 years, protein-free fusion driven by calcium or other cationic species has provided a simplified model of biological fusion, but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. Cation-mediated membrane fusion and permeation are essential in their own right to drug delivery strategies based on cell-penetrating peptides or cation-bearing lipid nanoparticles. Experimental studies suggest calcium drives anionic membranes to a hemifused intermediate that constitutes a hub in a network of pathways, but the pathway selection mechanism is unknown. Here we develop a mathematical model that identifies the network hub as a highly dynamic hemifusion complex. Multivalent cations drive expansion of this high-tension hemifusion interface between interacting vesicles during a brief transient. The fate of this interface determines the outcome, either fusion, dead-end hemifusion, or vesicle lysis. The model reproduces the unexplained finding that calcium-driven fusion of vesicles with planar membranes typically stalls at hemifusion, and we show the equilibrated hemifused state is a novel lens-shaped complex. Thus, membrane fusion kinetics follow a stochastic trajectory within a network of pathways, with outcome weightings set by a hemifused complex intermediate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Warner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Dong An
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | | | - Ben O'Shaughnessy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yastrebova ES, Nekrasov VM, Gilev KV, Gisich AV, Abubakirova OA, Strokotov DI, Chernyshev AV, Karpenko AA, Maltsev VP. Erythrocyte lysis and angle-resolved light scattering measured by scanning flow cytometry result to 48 indices quantifying a gas exchange function of the human organism. Cytometry A 2023; 103:39-53. [PMID: 35349217 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Molecular/cell level of gas exchange function assumes the accurate measurement of erythrocyte characteristics and rate constants concerning to molecules involved into the CO2 /O2 transport. Unfortunately, common hematology analyzers provide the measurement of eight indices of erythrocytes only and say little about erythrocyte morphology and nothing about rate constants of cellular function. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the ability of the Scanning Flow Cytometer (SFC) in the complete morphological analysis of mature erythrocytes and characterization of erythrocyte function via measurement of lysing kinetics. With this study we are introducing 48 erythrocyte indices. To provide the usability of application of the SFC in clinical diagnosis, we formed four categories of indices which are as follows: content/concentration (9 indices), morphology (26 indices), age (5 indices), and function (8 indices). The erythrocytes of 39 healthy volunteers were analyzed with the SFC to fix the first-ever reference intervals for the new indices introduced. The essential measurable reliability of the presented method is expressed in terms of errors of characteristics of single erythrocytes retrieved from the solution of the inverse light-scattering problem and errors of parameters retrieved from the fitting of the experimental kinetics by molecular-kinetics model of erythrocyte lysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina S Yastrebova
- Cytometry and Biokinetics, Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Vyacheslav M Nekrasov
- Cytometry and Biokinetics, Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin V Gilev
- Cytometry and Biokinetics, Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Alla V Gisich
- Cytometry and Biokinetics, Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Olga A Abubakirova
- Department of Vascular and Hybrid Surgery, State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry I Strokotov
- Cytometry and Biokinetics, Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey V Chernyshev
- Cytometry and Biokinetics, Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey A Karpenko
- Department of Vascular and Hybrid Surgery, State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Valeri P Maltsev
- Cytometry and Biokinetics, Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.,Physical department, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wubshet NH, Liu AP. Methods to mechanically perturb and characterize GUV-based minimal cell models. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 21:550-562. [PMID: 36659916 PMCID: PMC9816913 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells shield organelles and the cytosol via an active boundary predominantly made of phospholipids and membrane proteins, yet allowing communication between the intracellular and extracellular environment. Micron-sized liposome compartments commonly known as giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are used to model the cell membrane and encapsulate biological materials and processes in a cell-like confinement. In the field of bottom-up synthetic biology, many have utilized GUVs as substrates to study various biological processes such as protein-lipid interactions, cytoskeletal assembly, and dynamics of protein synthesis. Like cells, it is ideal that GUVs are also mechanically durable and able to stay intact when the inner and outer environment changes. As a result, studies have demonstrated approaches to tune the mechanical properties of GUVs by modulating membrane composition and lumenal material property. In this context, there have been many different methods developed to test the mechanical properties of GUVs. In this review, we will survey various perturbation techniques employed to mechanically characterize GUVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadab H. Wubshet
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Allen P. Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kondrashov OV, Akimov SA. The Possibility of Pore Formation in Lipid Membranes by Several Molecules of Amphipathic Peptides. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW), SUPPLEMENT SERIES A: MEMBRANE AND CELL BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990747822050087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
28
|
Landajuela A, Braun M, Martínez-Calvo A, Rodrigues CDA, Gomis Perez C, Doan T, Rudner DZ, Wingreen NS, Karatekin E. Membrane fission during bacterial spore development requires cellular inflation driven by DNA translocation. Curr Biol 2022; 32:4186-4200.e8. [PMID: 36041438 PMCID: PMC9730832 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria require membrane fission for both cell division and endospore formation. In Bacillus subtilis, sporulation initiates with an asymmetric division that generates a large mother cell and a smaller forespore that contains only a quarter of its genome. As the mother cell membranes engulf the forespore, a DNA translocase pumps the rest of the chromosome into the small forespore compartment, inflating it due to increased turgor. When the engulfing membrane undergoes fission, the forespore is released into the mother cell cytoplasm. The B. subtilis protein FisB catalyzes membrane fission during sporulation, but the molecular basis is unclear. Here, we show that forespore inflation and FisB accumulation are both required for an efficient membrane fission. Forespore inflation leads to higher membrane tension in the engulfment membrane than in the mother cell membrane, causing the membrane to flow through the neck connecting the two membrane compartments. Thus, the mother cell supplies some of the membrane required for the growth of the membranes surrounding the forespore. The oligomerization of FisB at the membrane neck slows the equilibration of membrane tension by impeding the membrane flow. This leads to a further increase in the tension of the engulfment membrane, promoting its fission through lysis. Collectively, our data indicate that DNA translocation has a previously unappreciated second function in energizing the FisB-mediated membrane fission under energy-limited conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ane Landajuela
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Martha Braun
- Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA; Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Alejandro Martínez-Calvo
- Princeton Center for Theoretical Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | | | - Carolina Gomis Perez
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Thierry Doan
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Macromoléculaires, Aix-Marseille Université-CNRS UMR7255, Marseilles, France
| | - David Z Rudner
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ned S Wingreen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Erdem Karatekin
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA; Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Université de Paris, Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences (SPPIN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 75006 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Spontaneous formation of a self-healing carbon nanoskin at the liquid-liquid interface. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4950. [PMID: 35999197 PMCID: PMC9399178 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31277-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological membranes exhibit the ability to self-repair and dynamically change their shape while remaining impermeable. Yet, these defining features are difficult to reconcile with mechanical robustness. Here, we report on the spontaneous formation of a carbon nanoskin at the oil-water interface that uniquely combines self-healing attributes with high stiffness. Upon the diffusion-controlled self-assembly of a reactive molecular surfactant at the interface, a solid elastic membrane forms within seconds and evolves into a continuous carbon monolayer with a thickness of a few nanometers. This nanoskin has a stiffness typical for a 2D carbon material with an elastic modulus in bending of more than 40-100 GPa; while brittle, it shows the ability to self-heal upon rupture, can be reversibly reshaped, and sustains complex shapes. We anticipate such an unusual 2D carbon nanomaterial to inspire novel approaches towards the formation of synthetic cells with rigid shells, additive manufacturing of composites, and compartmentalization in industrial catalysis.
Collapse
|
30
|
Kondrashov O, Akimov S. Effect of solid support and membrane tension on adsorption and lateral interaction of amphipathic peptides. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:074902. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0096536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide class of antimicrobial amphipathic peptides is aimed to selectively form through pores in bacterial membranes. The partial incorporation of the peptides into the lipid monolayer leads to elastic deformation of the membrane. The deformation influences both the adsorption of the peptides and their lateral interaction. Detailed study of pore formation mechanisms requires an accurate determination of the surface concentration of the peptides at their given bulk concentration. Widely used methods to register the adsorption are atomic force microscopy (AFM), surface plasmon resonance refractometry (SPRR), and inner field compensation (IFC). AFM and SPRR utilize membranes deposited onto a solid support, while IFC operates with model membranes under substantial lateral tension. Here, we theoretically studied the effect of the solid support and lateral tension on the elastic deformations of the membrane induced by partially incorporated amphipathic peptides, and thus on the peptide adsorption energy and lateral interaction. We demonstrated that under conditions typical for AFM, SPRR, and IFC the adsorption energy can increase by up to 1.5 kBT per peptide leading to about 4 times decreased surface concentration as compared to free-standing tensionless membranes. In addition, the effective lateral size of the peptide molecule increases by about 10 %, which can have an impact on the quantitative description of the adsorption isotherms. Our results allow estimating the effects of the solid support and lateral tension on the adsorption and interaction of amphipathic peptides at the membrane surface and taking them into account in interpretation of experimental observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergey Akimov
- Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry, Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry RAS, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zevnik J, Dular M. Cavitation bubble interaction with compliant structures on a microscale: A contribution to the understanding of bacterial cell lysis by cavitation treatment. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 87:106053. [PMID: 35690044 PMCID: PMC9190065 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have already shown that the process of cavitation can be successfully used for water treatment and eradication of bacteria. However, most of the relevant studies are being conducted on a macro scale, so the understanding of the processes at a fundamental level remains poor. In attempt to further elucidate the process of cavitation-assisted water treatment on a scale of a single bubble, the present paper numerically addresses interaction between a collapsing microbubble and a nearby compliant structure, that mechanically and structurally resembles a bacterial cell. A fluid-structure interaction methodology is employed, where compressible multiphase flow is considered and the bacterial cell wall is modeled as a multi-layered shell structure. Simulations are performed for two selected model structures, each resembling the main structural features of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial cell envelopes. The contribution of two independent dimensionless geometric parameters is investigated, namely the bubble-cell distance δ and their size ratio ς. Three characteristic modes of bubble collapse dynamics and four modes of spatiotemporal occurrence of peak local stresses in the bacterial cell membrane are identified throughout the parameter space considered. The former range from the development of a weak and thin jet away from the cell to spherical bubble collapses. The results show that local stresses arising from bubble-induced loads can exceed poration thresholds of cell membranes and that bacterial cell damage could be explained solely by mechanical effects in absence of thermal and chemical ones. Based on this, the damage potential of a single microbubble for bacteria eradication is estimated, showing a higher resistance of the Gram-positive model organism to the nearby bubble collapse. Microstreaming is identified as the primary mechanical mechanism of bacterial cell damage, which in certain cases may be enhanced by the occurrence of shock waves during bubble collapse. The results are also discussed in the scope of bacteria eradication by cavitation treatment on a macro scale, where processes of hydrodynamic and ultrasonic cavitation are being employed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jure Zevnik
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Aškerčeva cesta 6, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Matevž Dular
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Aškerčeva cesta 6, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lowe LA, Kindt JT, Cranfield C, Cornell B, Macmillan A, Wang A. Subtle changes in pH affect the packing and robustness of fatty acid bilayers. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:3498-3504. [PMID: 35474126 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00272h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Connecting molecular interactions to emergent properties is a goal of physical chemistry, self-assembly, and soft matter science. We show that for fatty acid bilayers, vesicle rupture tension, and permeability to water and ions are coupled to pH via alterations to lipid packing. A change in pH of one, for example, can halve the rupture tension of oleic acid membranes, an effect that is comparable to increasing lipid unsaturation in phospholipid systems. We use both experiments and molecular dynamics simulations to reveal that a subtle increase in pH can lead to increased water penetration, ion permeability, pore formation rates, and membrane disorder. For changes in membrane water content, oleic acid membranes appear to be more than a million times more sensitive to protons than to sodium ions. The work has implications for systems in which fatty acids are likely to be found, for example in the primitive cells on early Earth, biological membranes especially during digestion, and other biomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Lowe
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
- Australian Centre for Astrobiology, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - James T Kindt
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Charles Cranfield
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Bruce Cornell
- SDx Tethered Membranes Pty. Ltd., Unit 6, 30-32 Barcoo Street, Roseville, NSW 2069, Australia
| | | | - Anna Wang
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
- Australian Centre for Astrobiology, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhang KS, Nadkarni AV, Paul R, Martin AM, Tang SKY. Microfluidic Surgery in Single Cells and Multicellular Systems. Chem Rev 2022; 122:7097-7141. [PMID: 35049287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microscale surgery on single cells and small organisms has enabled major advances in fundamental biology and in engineering biological systems. Examples of applications range from wound healing and regeneration studies to the generation of hybridoma to produce monoclonal antibodies. Even today, these surgical operations are often performed manually, but they are labor intensive and lack reproducibility. Microfluidics has emerged as a powerful technology to control and manipulate cells and multicellular systems at the micro- and nanoscale with high precision. Here, we review the physical and chemical mechanisms of microscale surgery and the corresponding design principles, applications, and implementations in microfluidic systems. We consider four types of surgical operations: (1) sectioning, which splits a biological entity into multiple parts, (2) ablation, which destroys part of an entity, (3) biopsy, which extracts materials from within a living cell, and (4) fusion, which joins multiple entities into one. For each type of surgery, we summarize the motivating applications and the microfluidic devices developed. Throughout this review, we highlight existing challenges and opportunities. We hope that this review will inspire scientists and engineers to continue to explore and improve microfluidic surgical methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ambika V Nadkarni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Rajorshi Paul
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Adrian M Martin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sindy K Y Tang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sharma M, Kumar V. Mosquito-larvicidal Binary (BinA/B) proteins for mosquito control programs —advancements, challenges, and possibilities. CURRENT RESEARCH IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 2:100028. [PMID: 36003274 PMCID: PMC9387486 DOI: 10.1016/j.cris.2021.100028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Binary (BinAB) toxin is primarily responsible for the larvicidal action of the WHO recognized mosquito-larvicidal bacterium Lysinibacillus sphaericus. BinAB is a single receptor-specific toxin, active against larvae of Culex and Anopheles, but not Aedes aegypti. The target receptor in Culex is Cqm1 protein, a GPI-anchored amylomaltase located apically in the lipid-rafts of the larval-midgut epithelium. Interaction of the toxin components with the receptor is critical for the larvicidal activity of the toxin. Evidences support the pore formation model for BinAB toxin internalization and the role of toxin-glycan interactions in the endoplasmic reticulum in mediating larval death. Targeted R&D efforts are required to maintain the sustainability and improve efficacy of the eco-friendly BinAB proteins for efficient mosquito control interventions.
The increasing global burden of mosquito-borne diseases require targeted, environmentally friendly, and sustainable approaches for effective vector control without endangering the non-target beneficial insect population. Biological interventions such as biopesticides, Wolbachia-mediated biological controls, or sterile insect techniques are used worldwide. Here we review Binary or BinAB toxin—the mosquito-larvicidal component of WHO-recognized Lysinibacillus sphaericus bacterium employed in mosquito control programs. Binary (BinAB) toxin is primarily responsible for the larvicidal effect of the bacterium. BinAB is a single-receptor-specific toxin and is effective against larvae of Culex and Anopheles, but not against Aedes aegypti. The receptor in Culex, the Cqm1 protein, has been extensively studied. It is a GPI-anchored amylomaltase and is located apically in the lipid rafts of the larval-midgut epithelium. The interaction of the toxin components with the receptor is crucial for the mosquito larvicidal activity of the BinAB toxin. Here we extend support for the pore formation model of BinAB toxin internalization and the role of toxin-glycan interactions in the endoplasmic reticulum in mediating larval death. BinAB is phylogenetically safe for humans, as Cqm1-like protein is not expected in the human proteome. This review aims to initiate targeted R&D efforts, such as applying fusion technologies (chimera of BinA, chemical modification of BinA), for efficient mosquito control interventions. In addition, the review also examines other areas such as bioremediation and cancer therapeutics, in which L. sphaericus is proving useful and showing potential for further development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahima Sharma
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400085, India
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400085, India
- Correspondence Author: Professor (Retired) Vinay Kumar, Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400085, India
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Billah MM, Saha SK, Or Rashid MM, Hossain F, Yamazaki M. Effect of Osmotic Pressure on Pore Formation in Lipid bilayers by the Antimicrobial Peptide Magainin 2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:6716-6731. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05764b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Osmotic pressure (Π) induces membrane tension in cells and lipid vesicles, which may affect the activity of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) by an unknown mechanism. We recently quantitated the membrane tension...
Collapse
|
36
|
Noguchi H. Binding of curvature-inducing proteins onto tethered vesicles. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:10469-10478. [PMID: 34749394 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01360b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A tethered vesicle, which consists of a cylindrical membrane tube and a spherical vesicle, is produced by a mechanical force that is experimentally imposed by optical tweezers and a micropipette. This tethered vesicle is employed for examining the curvature sensing of curvature-inducing proteins. In this study, we clarify how the binding of proteins with a laterally isotropic spontaneous curvature senses and generates the membrane curvatures of the tethered vesicle using mean-field theory and meshless membrane simulation. The force-dependence curves of the protein density in the membrane tube and the tube curvature are reflection symmetric and point symmetric, respectively, from the force point, in which the tube has a sensing curvature. The bending rigidity and spontaneous curvature of the bound proteins can be estimated from these force-dependence curves. First-order transitions can occur between low and high protein densities in the tube at both low and high force amplitudes. The simulation results of the homogeneous phases agree very well with the theoretical predictions. In addition, beaded-necklace-like tubes with microphase separation are found in the simulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Noguchi
- Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Schneemilch M, Quirke N. Predicting nanoparticle uptake by biological membranes: theory and simulation. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2021.1996574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - N. Quirke
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Childs E, Henry CM, Canton J, Reis e Sousa C. Maintenance and loss of endocytic organelle integrity: mechanisms and implications for antigen cross-presentation. Open Biol 2021; 11:210194. [PMID: 34753318 PMCID: PMC8580422 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The membranes of endosomes, phagosomes and macropinosomes can become damaged by the physical properties of internalized cargo, by active pathogenic invasion or by cellular processes, including endocytic maturation. Loss of membrane integrity is often deleterious and is, therefore, prevented by mitigation and repair mechanisms. However, it can occasionally be beneficial and actively induced by cells. Here, we summarize the mechanisms by which cells, in particular phagocytes, try to prevent membrane damage and how, when this fails, they repair or destroy damaged endocytic organelles. We also detail how one type of phagocyte, the dendritic cell, can deliberately trigger localized damage to endocytic organelles to allow for major histocompatibility complex class I presentation of exogenous antigens and initiation of CD8+ T-cell responses to viruses and tumours. Our review highlights mechanisms for the regulation of endocytic organelle membrane integrity at the intersection of cell biology and immunology that could be co-opted for improving vaccination and intracellular drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Childs
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Conor M. Henry
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Johnathan Canton
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Caetano Reis e Sousa
- Immunobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zevnik J, Dular M. Liposome destruction by a collapsing cavitation microbubble: A numerical study. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 78:105706. [PMID: 34411844 PMCID: PMC8379499 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic cavitation poses as a promising new method for wastewater treatment as it has been shown to be able to eradicate bacteria, inactivate viruses, and destroy other biological structures, such as liposomes. Although engineers are already commercializing devices that employ cavitation, we are still not able to answer the fundamental question: What exactly are the damaging mechanisms of hydrodynamic cavitation in various applications? In this light, the present paper numerically addresses the interaction between a single cavitation microbubble and a nearby lipid vesicle of a similar size. A coupled fluid-structure interaction model is employed, from which three critical modes of vesicle deformation are identified and temporally placed in relation to their corresponding driving mechanisms: (a) unilateral stretching at the waist of the liposome during the first bubble collapse and subsequent shock wave propagation, (b) local wrinkling at the tip until the bubble rebounds, and (c) bilateral stretching at the tip of the liposome during the phase of a second bubble contraction. Here, unilateral and bilateral stretching refer to the local in-plane extension of the bilayer in one and both principal directions, respectively. Results are discussed with respect to critical dimensionless distance for vesicle poration and rupture. Liposomes with initially equilibrated envelopes are not expected to be structurally compromised in cases with δ>1.0, when a nearby collapsing bubble is not in their direct contact. However, the critical dimensionless distance for the case of an envelope with pre-existing pores is identified at δ=1.9. Additionally, the influence of liposome-bubble size ratio is addressed, from which a higher potential of larger bubbles for causing stretching-induced liposome destruction can be identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jure Zevnik
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Aškerčeva cesta 6, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Matevž Dular
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Aškerčeva cesta 6, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Gu L, Wei T, Zhou M, Yang H, Zhou Y. Impact of Lipid Peroxidation on the Response of Cell Membranes to High-Speed Equibiaxial Stretching: A Computational Study. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:10736-10747. [PMID: 34524826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c05544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The difference between diseased and healthy cellular membranes in response to mechanical stresses is crucial for biology, as well as in the development of medical devices. However, the biomolecular mechanisms by which mechanical stresses interact with diseased cellular components remain largely unknown. In this work, we focus on the response of diseased cellular membranes with lipid peroxidation to high-speed tensile loadings. We find that the critical areal strain (ξc, when the pore forms) is highly sensitive to lipid peroxidation. For example, ξc of a fully oxidized bilayer is only 64 and 69% of the nonoxidized one at the stretching speed of 0.1 and 0.6 m/s, respectively. ξc decreases with the increase in the oxidized lipid ratio, regardless of the speeds. Also, the critical rupture tension of membranes exhibits a similar change. It is obvious that the oxidized membranes are more easily damaged than normal ones by high-speed stretching, which coincides with experimental findings. The reason is that peroxidation introduces a polar group to the tail of lipids, increases the hydrophilicity of tails, and warps the tails to the membrane-water interface, which causes loose accumulation and disorder of lipid tails. This can be deduced from the variation in the area per lipid and order parameter. In addition, the lowering stretching modulus and line tension of membranes (i.e., softening) after lipid peroxidation is also a significant factor. We reveal the difference between the peroxidized (diseased) and normal membrane in response to high-speed stretching, give the ξc value in the pore formation of membranes and analyze the influence of the stretching speed, peroxidation ratio, and molecular structure of phospholipids. We hope that the molecular-level information will be useful for the development of biological and medical devices in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Gu
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering and Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Tong Wei
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering and Physics, Mianyang 621900, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering and Physics, Mianyang 621900, China.,School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering and Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering and Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Velic A, Jaggessar A, Tesfamichael T, Li Z, Yarlagadda PKDV. Effects of Nanopillar Size and Spacing on Mechanical Perturbation and Bactericidal Killing Efficiency. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2472. [PMID: 34684913 PMCID: PMC8540829 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nanopatterned surfaces administer antibacterial activity through contact-induced mechanical stresses and strains, which can be modulated by changing the nanopattern's radius, spacing and height. However, due to conflicting recommendations throughout the theoretical literature with poor agreement to reported experimental trends, it remains unclear whether these key dimensions-particularly radius and spacing-should be increased or decreased to maximize bactericidal efficiency. It is shown here that a potential failure of biophysical models lies in neglecting any out-of-plane effects of nanopattern contact. To highlight this, stresses induced by a nanopattern were studied via an analytical model based on minimization of strain and adhesion energy. The in-plane (areal) and out-of-plane (contact pressure) stresses at equilibrium were derived, as well as a combined stress (von Mises), which comprises both. Contour plots were produced to illustrate which nanopatterns elicited the highest stresses over all combinations of tip radius between 0 and 100 nm and center spacing between 0 and 200 nm. Considering both the in-plane and out-of-plane stresses drastically transformed the contour plots from those when only in-plane stress was evaluated, clearly favoring small tipped, tightly packed nanopatterns. In addition, the effect of changes to radius and spacing in terms of the combined stress showed the best qualitative agreement with previous reported trends in killing efficiency. Together, the results affirm that the killing efficiency of a nanopattern can be maximized by simultaneous reduction in tip radius and increase in nanopattern packing ratio (i.e., radius/spacing). These findings provide a guide for the design of highly bactericidal nanopatterned surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Prasad K. D. V. Yarlagadda
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Engineering Faculty, and Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; (A.V.); (A.J.); (T.T.); (Z.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Karal MAS, Ahamed MK, Ahmed M, Mahbub ZB. Recent developments in the kinetics of ruptures of giant vesicles under constant tension. RSC Adv 2021; 11:29598-29619. [PMID: 35479542 PMCID: PMC9040846 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04647k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
External tension in membranes plays a vital role in numerous physiological and physicochemical phenomena. In this review, recent developments in the constant electric- and mechanical-tension-induced rupture of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are considered. We summarize the results relating to the kinetics of GUV rupture as a function of membrane surface charge, ions in the bathing solution, lipid composition, cholesterol content in the membrane, and osmotic pressure. The mechanical stability and line tension of the membrane under these conditions are discussed. The membrane tension due to osmotic pressure and the critical tension of rupture for various membrane compositions are also discussed. The results and their analysis provide a biophysical description of the kinetics of rupture, along with insight into biological processes. Future directions and possible developments in this research area are included.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abu Sayem Karal
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka-1000 Bangladesh +880-2-58613046 +880-2-9665613
| | - Md Kabir Ahamed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka-1000 Bangladesh +880-2-58613046 +880-2-9665613
| | - Marzuk Ahmed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka-1000 Bangladesh +880-2-58613046 +880-2-9665613
| | - Zaid Bin Mahbub
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, North South University Dhaka-1229 Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Noguchi H. Vesicle budding induced by binding of curvature-inducing proteins. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:014410. [PMID: 34412221 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.014410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vesicle budding induced by protein binding that generates an isotropic spontaneous curvature is studied using a mean-field theory. Many spherical buds are formed via protein binding. As the binding chemical potential increases, the proteins first bind to the buds and then to the remainder of the vesicle. For a high spontaneous curvature and/or high bending rigidity of the bound membrane, it is found that a first-order transition occurs between a small number of large buds and a large number of small buds. These two states coexist around the transition point. The proposed scheme is simple and easily applicable to many interaction types, so we investigate the effects of interprotein interactions, the protein-insertion-induced changes in area, the variation of the saddle-splay modulus, and the area-difference-elasticity energy. The differences in the preferred curvatures for curvature sensing and generation are also clarified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Noguchi
- Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zheng Y, Ding Y, Zheng X, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Xiang Y, Tong A. Long-Term Dynamic Imaging of Cellular Processes Using an AIE Lipid Order Probe in the Dual-Color Mode. Anal Chem 2021; 93:10272-10281. [PMID: 34219453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipid order in the cytoplasm membrane of eukaryotic cells undergoes dynamic changes in almost all cellular processes. Dynamically monitoring these changes is of essential biological significance and remains challenging. This work provides the first aggregation-induced emission probe, TPNPDA-C15, with highly three-dimensional specificity to cell membranes for fluorescent imaging of lipid order of live cells. TPNPDA-C15 displays red fluorescence enhancement with the viscosity increase while emits yellow fluorescence when aggregates form. Imaging analyses of giant unilamellar vesicles and live cells under osmotic shock by the probe demonstrate its sensitive response to the degree of phospholipids packing on artificial and cell membranes. Taking advantage of its superior low photocytotoxicity and high photostability, TPNPDA-C15 is further applied for long-term dynamic imaging of entire live cell physiological processes including apoptosis, ferroptosis, and mitosis in the dual-color mode. With the analysis of fluorescence signal changes in the two fluorescence channels, TPNPDA-C15 serves as a robust fluorescent probe for the imaging study of cellular dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yiwen Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xiaokun Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Chu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Imaging Core Facility, Technology Center for Protein Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yu Xiang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Aijun Tong
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Goutaland Q, van Wijland F, Fournier JB, Noguchi H. Binding of thermalized and active membrane curvature-inducing proteins. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:5560-5573. [PMID: 33978669 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00027f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The phase behavior of a membrane induced by the binding of curvature-inducing proteins is studied by a combination of analytical and numerical approaches. In thermal equilibrium under the detailed balance between binding and unbinding, the membrane exhibits three phases: an unbound uniform flat phase (U), a bound uniform flat phase (B), and a separated/corrugated phase (SC). In the SC phase, the bound proteins form hexagonally-ordered bowl-shaped domains. The transitions between the U and SC phases and between the B and SC phases are second order and first order, respectively. At a small spontaneous curvature of the protein or high surface tension, the transition between B and SC phases becomes continuous. Moreover, a first-order transition between the U and B phases is found at zero spontaneous curvature driven by the Casimir-like interactions between rigid proteins. Furthermore, nonequilibrium dynamics is investigated by the addition of active binding and unbinding at a constant rate. The active binding and unbinding processes alter the stability of the SC phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Goutaland
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), Université de Paris & CNRS, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric van Wijland
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), Université de Paris & CNRS, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Fournier
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), Université de Paris & CNRS, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Hiroshi Noguchi
- Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan. and Institut Lumière Matière, UMR 5306 CNRS, Université Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Rahman MH, Wong CHN, Lee MM, Chan MK, Ho YP. Efficient encapsulation of functional proteins into erythrocytes by controlled shear-mediated membrane deformation. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:2121-2128. [PMID: 34002198 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01077d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) are attractive carriers of biomolecular payloads due to their biocompatibility and the ability to shelter their encapsulated cargo. Commonly employed strategies to encapsulate payloads into RBCs, such as hypotonic shock, membrane fusion or electroporation, often suffer from low throughput and unrecoverable membrane impairment. This work describes an investigation of a method to encapsulate protein payloads into RBCs by controlling membrane deformation either transiently or extendedly in a microfluidic channel. Under the optimized conditions, the loading efficiency of enhanced green fluorescent protein into mouse RBCs increased was about 2.5- and 4-fold compared to that with osmotic entrapment using transient and extended deformation, respectively. Significantly, mouse RBCs loaded with human arginase exhibit higher enzymatic activity and membrane integrity compared to their counterparts loaded by osmotic entrapment. These features together with the fact that this shear-mediated encapsulation strategy allows loading with physiological buffers highlight the key advantages of this approach compared to traditional osmotic entrapment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China. and Centre for Novel Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chung Hong Nathaniel Wong
- Centre for Novel Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Marianne M Lee
- Centre for Novel Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Michael K Chan
- Centre for Novel Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yi-Ping Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China. and Centre for Novel Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China and Hong Kong Branch of CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China and The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Regeneration Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Lira RB, Leomil FSC, Melo RJ, Riske KA, Dimova R. To Close or to Collapse: The Role of Charges on Membrane Stability upon Pore Formation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2004068. [PMID: 34105299 PMCID: PMC8188222 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202004068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Resealing of membrane pores is crucial for cell survival. Membrane surface charge and medium composition are studied as defining regulators of membrane stability. Pores are generated by electric field or detergents. Giant vesicles composed of zwitterionic and negatively charged lipids mixed at varying ratios are subjected to a strong electric pulse. Interestingly, charged vesicles appear prone to catastrophic collapse transforming them into tubular structures. The spectrum of destabilization responses includes the generation of long-living submicroscopic pores and partial vesicle bursting. The origin of these phenomena is related to the membrane edge tension, which governs pore closure. This edge tension significantly decreases as a function of the fraction of charged lipids. Destabilization of charged vesicles upon pore formation is universal-it is also observed with other poration stimuli. Disruption propensity is enhanced for membranes made of lipids with higher degree of unsaturation. It can be reversed by screening membrane charge in the presence of calcium ions. The observed findings in light of theories of stability and curvature generation are interpreted and mechanisms acting in cells to prevent total membrane collapse upon poration are discussed. Enhanced membrane stability is crucial for the success of electroporation-based technologies for cancer treatment and gene transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael B. Lira
- Departamento de BiofísicaUniversidade Federal de São PauloSão Paulo04039‐032Brazil
- Department of Theory and BiosystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesPotsdam14424Germany
- Present address:
Moleculaire BiofysicaZernike InstituutRijksuniversiteitGroningen9747 AGThe Netherlands
| | | | - Renan J. Melo
- Instituto de FísicaUniversidade de São PauloSão Paulo05508‐090Brazil
| | - Karin A. Riske
- Departamento de BiofísicaUniversidade Federal de São PauloSão Paulo04039‐032Brazil
| | - Rumiana Dimova
- Department of Theory and BiosystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesPotsdam14424Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Transient Permeabilization of Living Cells: Combining Shear Flow and Acoustofluidic Trapping for the Facilitated Uptake of Molecules. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9060913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we present a novel approach for the transient permeabilization of cells. We combined laminar shear flow in a microchannel with chaotic advection employing surface acoustic waves. First, as a fundamental result on the one hand, and as a kind of reference measurement for the more complex acoustofluidic approach on the other hand, we studied the permeabilization of cells in pure shear flow in a microchannel with Y-geometry. As a proof of principle, we used fluorescent dyes as model drugs and investigated their internalization into HeLa cells. We found that drug uptake scaled non-linearly with flow rate and thus shear stress. For calcein, we obtained a maximal enhancement factor of about 12 at an optimum flow rate of Q = 500 µL/h in the geometry used here compared to static incubation. This result is discussed in the light of structural phase transitions of lipid membranes accompanied by non-linear effects, as the plasma membrane is the main barrier to overcome. Second, we demonstrated the enhanced permeabilization of acoustically trapped cells in surface acoustic wave induced vortices in a microchannel, with an enhancement factor of about 18 compared to quasi-static incubation. Moreover, we optimized the trapping conditions regarding flow rate, the power level of the surface acoustic wave, and trapping time. Finally, we showed that our method is not limited to small molecules but can also be applied to compounds with higher molecular weight.
Collapse
|
49
|
Kabelka I, Vácha R. Advances in Molecular Understanding of α-Helical Membrane-Active Peptides. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:2196-2204. [PMID: 33844916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Biological membranes separate the interior of cells or cellular compartments from their outer environments. This barrier function of membranes can be disrupted by membrane-active peptides, some of which can spontaneously penetrate through the membranes or open leaky transmembrane pores. However, the origin of their activity/toxicity is not sufficiently understood for the development of more potent peptides. To this day, there are no design rules that would be generally valid, and the role of individual amino acids tends to be sequence-specific.In this Account, we describe recent progress in understanding the design principles that govern the activity of membrane-active peptides. We focus on α-helical amphiphilic peptides and their ability to (1) translocate across phospholipid bilayers, (2) form transmembrane pores, or (3) act synergistically, i.e., to produce a significantly more potent effect in a mixture than the individual components.We refined the description of peptide translocation using computer simulations and demonstrated the effect of selected residues. Our simulations showed the necessity to explicitly include charged residues in the translocation description to correctly sample the membrane perturbations they can cause. Using this description, we calculated the translocation of helical peptides with and without the kink induced by the proline/glycine residue. The presence of the kink had no effect on the translocation barrier, but it decreased the peptide affinity to the membrane and reduced the peptide stability inside the membrane. Interestingly, the effects were mainly caused by the peptide's increased polarity, not the higher flexibility of the kink.Flexibility plays a crucial role in pore formation and affects distinct pore structures in different ways. The presence of a kink destabilizes barrel-stave pores, because the kink prevents the tight packing of peptides in the bundle, which is characteristic of the barrel-stave structure. In contrast, the kink facilitates the formation of toroidal pores, where the peptides are only loosely arranged and do not need to closely assemble. The exact position of the kink in the sequence further determines the preferred arrangement of peptides in the pore, i.e., an hourglass or U-shaped structure. In addition, we demonstrated that two self-associated (via termini) helical peptides could mimic the behavior of peptides with a helix-kink-helix motif.Finally, we review the recent findings on the peptide synergism of the archetypal mixture of Magainin 2 and PGLa peptides. We focused on a bacterial plasma membrane mimic that contains negatively charged lipids and lipids with negative intrinsic curvature. We showed that the synergistic action of peptides was highly dependent on the lipid composition. When the lipid composition and peptide/lipid ratios were changed, the systems exhibited more complex behavior than just the previously reported pore formation. We observed membrane adhesion, fusion, and even the formation of the sponge phase in this regime. Furthermore, enhanced adhesion/partitioning to the membrane was reported to be caused by lipid-induced peptide aggregation.In conclusion, the provided molecular insight into the complex behavior of membrane-active peptides provides clues for the design and modification of antimicrobial peptides or toxins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Kabelka
- CEITEC − Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Vácha
- CEITEC − Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 267/2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Water Pores in Planar Lipid Bilayers at Fast and Slow Rise of Transmembrane Voltage. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11040263. [PMID: 33916447 PMCID: PMC8067013 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11040263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Basic understanding of the barrier properties of biological membranes can be obtained by studying model systems, such as planar lipid bilayers. Here, we study water pores in planar lipid bilayers in the presence of transmembrane voltage. Planar lipid bilayers were exposed to fast and slow linearly increasing voltage and current signals. We measured the capacitance, breakdown voltage, and rupture time of planar lipid bilayers composed of 1-pamitoyl 2-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine (POPC), 1-pamitoyl 2-oleoyl phosphatidylserine (POPS), and a mixture of both lipids in a 1:1 ratio. Based on the measurements, we evaluated the change in the capacitance of the planar lipid bilayer corresponding to water pores, the radius of water pores at membrane rupture, and the fraction of the area of the planar lipid bilayer occupied by water pores.planar lipid bilayer capacitance, which corresponds to water pores, water pore radius at the membrane rupture, and a fraction of the planar lipid bilayer area occupied by water pores. The estimated pore radii determining the rupture of the planar lipid bilayer upon fast build-up of transmembrane voltage are 0.101 nm, 0.110 nm, and 0.106 nm for membranes composed of POPC, POPS, and POPC:POPS, respectively. The fraction of the surface occupied by water pores at the moment of rupture of the planar lipid bilayer The fraction of an area that is occupied by water pores at the moment of planar lipid bilayer rupture is in the range of 0.1–1.8%.
Collapse
|