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Díaz-Rueda P, Morales de los Ríos L, Romero LC, García I. Old poisons, new signaling molecules: the case of hydrogen cyanide. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6040-6051. [PMID: 37586035 PMCID: PMC10575699 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The high phenotypic plasticity developed by plants includes rapid responses and adaptations to aggressive or changing environments. To achieve this, they evolved extremely efficient mechanisms of signaling mediated by a wide range of molecules, including small signal molecules. Among them, hydrogen cyanide (HCN) has been largely ignored due to its toxic characteristics. However, not only is it present in living organisms, but it has been shown that it serves several functions in all kingdoms of life. Research using model plants has changed the traditional point of view, and it has been demonstrated that HCN plays a positive role in the plant response to pathogens independently of its toxicity. Indeed, HCN induces a response aimed at protecting the plant from pathogen attack, and the HCN is provided either exogenously (in vitro or by some cyanogenic bacteria species present in the rhizosphere) or endogenously (in reactions involving ethylene, camalexin, or other cyanide-containing compounds). The contribution of different mechanisms to HCN function, including a new post-translational modification of cysteines in proteins, namely S-cyanylation, is discussed here. This work opens up an expanding 'HCN field' of research related to plants and other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Díaz-Rueda
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis (IBVF), CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, 41092-Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Luis C Romero
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis (IBVF), CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, 41092-Sevilla, Spain
| | - Irene García
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis (IBVF), CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, 41092-Sevilla, Spain
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2
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Wu H, Xu Q, Yin K, Liu Z, Xie T, Wang L, Li Y, Zhang M, Lv X, Li W, Fan S. Bioimaging and detecting endogenous and exogenous cyanide in foods, living cells and mice based on a turn-on mitochondria-targeted fluorescent probe. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 301:122957. [PMID: 37295383 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel fluorescent probe, with advanced features including "turn-on" fluorescence response, high sensitivity, good compatibility, and mitochondria-targeting function, has been synthesized based on structural design for detecting and visualizing cyanide in foods and biological systems. An electron-donating triphenylamine group (TPA) was employed as the fluorescent and an electron-accepting 4-methyl-N-methyl-pyridinium iodide (Py) moiety was used as a mitochondria-targeted localization unit, which formed intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) system. The "turn-on" fluorescence response of the probe (TPA-BTD-Py, TBP) toward cyanide is attributed two reasons, one is the insertion of an electron-deficient benzothiadiazole (BTD) group into the conjugated system between TPA and Py, and the other is the inhibition of ICT induced by the nucleophilic addition of CN-. Two active sites for reacting with CN- were involved in TBP molecule and high response sensitivity were observed in tetrahydrofuran solvent containing 3 % H2O. The response time could be reduced to 150 s, the linear range was 0.25-50 μM, and the limit of detection was 0.046 μM for CN- analysis. The TBP probe was successfully applied to the detection of cyanide in food samples prepared in aqueous solution, including the sprouting potato, bitter almond, cassava, and apple seeds. Furthermore, TBP exhibited low cytotoxicity, clear mitochondria-localizing capability in HeLa cells and excellent fluorescence imaging of exogenous and endogenous CN- in living PC12 cells. Moreover, exogenous CN- with intraperitoneal injection in nude mice could be well monitored visually by the "turn-on" fluorescence. Therefore, the strategy based on structural design provided good prospects for optimizing fluorescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Degradation and Monitoring of Pollution of the Environment, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, PR China; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, PR China
| | - Qinqin Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Degradation and Monitoring of Pollution of the Environment, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, PR China; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, PR China
| | - Kun Yin
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Degradation and Monitoring of Pollution of the Environment, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, PR China; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, PR China
| | - Zhaoqiang Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Degradation and Monitoring of Pollution of the Environment, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, PR China
| | - Tian Xie
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Degradation and Monitoring of Pollution of the Environment, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, PR China; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Degradation and Monitoring of Pollution of the Environment, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, PR China; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Degradation and Monitoring of Pollution of the Environment, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, PR China; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, PR China
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Degradation and Monitoring of Pollution of the Environment, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, PR China; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Lv
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, PR China
| | - Wenyong Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Degradation and Monitoring of Pollution of the Environment, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, PR China.
| | - Suhua Fan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Degradation and Monitoring of Pollution of the Environment, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, PR China; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, PR China.
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3
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Sharma M, Rathi R, Kaur S, Singh I, Kadir EA, Chahardehi AM, Lim V. Antiinflammatory activity of herbal bioactive-based formulations for topical administration. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN ANTI-INFLAMMATORY THERAPY 2023:245-277. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-99988-5.00015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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4
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Zuhra K, Szabo C. The two faces of cyanide: an environmental toxin and a potential novel mammalian gasotransmitter. FEBS J 2022; 289:2481-2515. [PMID: 34297873 PMCID: PMC9291117 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cyanide is traditionally viewed as a cytotoxic agent, with its primary mode of action being the inhibition of mitochondrial Complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase). However, recent studies demonstrate that the effect of cyanide on Complex IV in various mammalian cells is biphasic: in lower concentrations (nanomolar to low micromolar) cyanide stimulates Complex IV activity, increases ATP production and accelerates cell proliferation, while at higher concentrations (high micromolar to low millimolar) it produces the previously known ('classic') toxic effects. The first part of the article describes the cytotoxic actions of cyanide in the context of environmental toxicology, and highlights pathophysiological conditions (e.g., cystic fibrosis with Pseudomonas colonization) where bacterially produced cyanide exerts deleterious effects to the host. The second part of the article summarizes the mammalian sources of cyanide production and overviews the emerging concept that mammalian cells may produce cyanide, in low concentrations, to serve biological regulatory roles. Cyanide fulfills many of the general criteria as a 'classical' mammalian gasotransmitter and shares some common features with the current members of this class: nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Zuhra
- Chair of PharmacologySection of MedicineUniversity of FribourgSwitzerland
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Chair of PharmacologySection of MedicineUniversity of FribourgSwitzerland
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5
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High-Fat Diet Impairs Mouse Median Eminence: A Study by Transmission and Scanning Electron Microscopy Coupled with Raman Spectroscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158049. [PMID: 34360816 PMCID: PMC8347199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic dysfunction is an initial event following diet-induced obesity, primarily involving areas regulating energy balance such as arcuate nucleus (Arc) and median eminence (ME). To gain insights into the early hypothalamic diet-induced alterations, adult CD1 mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks were studied and compared with normo-fed controls. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy and histological staining were employed for morphological studies of the ME, while Raman spectroscopy was applied for the biochemical analysis of the Arc-ME complex. In HFD mice, ME β2-tanycytes, glial cells dedicated to blood-liquor crosstalk, exhibited remarkable ultrastructural anomalies, including altered alignment, reduced junctions, degenerating organelles, and higher content of lipid droplets, lysosomes, and autophagosomes. Degenerating tanycytes also displayed an electron transparent cytoplasm filled with numerous vesicles, and they were surrounded by dilated extracellular spaces extending up to the subependymal layer. Consistently, Raman spectroscopy analysis of the Arc-ME complex revealed higher glycogen, collagen, and lipid bands in HFD mice compared with controls, and there was also a higher band corresponding to the cyanide group in the former compared to the last. Collectively, these data show that ME β2-tanycytes exhibit early structural and chemical alterations due to HFD and reveal for the first-time hypothalamic cyanide presence following high dietary lipids consumption, which is a novel aspect with potential implications in the field of obesity.
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6
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Cyanide emerges as an endogenous mammalian gasotransmitter. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2108040118. [PMID: 34099579 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2108040118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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7
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Physiological concentrations of cyanide stimulate mitochondrial Complex IV and enhance cellular bioenergetics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2026245118. [PMID: 33972444 PMCID: PMC8157914 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2026245118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian cells, cyanide is viewed as a cytotoxic agent, which exerts its effects through inhibition of mitochondrial Complex IV (Cytochrome C oxidase [CCOx]). However, the current report demonstrates that cyanide’s effect on CCOx is biphasic; low (nanomolar to low-micromolar) concentrations stimulate CCOx activity, while higher (high-micromolar) concentrations produce the “classic” inhibitory effect. Low concentrations of cyanide stimulated mitochondrial electron transport and elevated intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP), resulting in the stimulation of cell proliferation. The stimulatory effect of cyanide on CCOx was associated with the removal of the constitutive, inhibitory glutathionylation on its catalytic 30- and 57-kDa subunits. Transfer of diluted Pseudomonas aeruginosa (a cyanide-producing bacterium) supernatants to mammalian cells stimulated cellular bioenergetics, while concentrated supernatants were inhibitory. These effects were absent with supernatants from mutant Pseudomonas lacking its cyanide-producing enzyme. These results raise the possibility that cyanide at low, endogenous levels serves regulatory purposes in mammals. Indeed, the expression of six putative mammalian cyanide-producing and/or -metabolizing enzymes was confirmed in HepG2 cells; one of them (myeloperoxidase) showed a biphasic regulation after cyanide exposure. Cyanide shares features with “classical” mammalian gasotransmitters NO, CO, and H2S and may be considered the fourth mammalian gasotransmitter.
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8
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Pałasz A, Menezes IC, Worthington JJ. The role of brain gaseous neurotransmitters in anxiety. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:357-371. [PMID: 33713315 PMCID: PMC7994231 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00242-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although anxiety is perhaps one of the most significant current medical and social problems, the neurochemical mechanistic background of this common condition remains to be fully understood. Multifunctional regulatory gasotransmitters are novel, atypical inorganic factors of the brain that are involved in the mechanisms of anxiety responses. Nitric oxide (NO) signaling shows ambiguous action in animal models of anxiety, while NO donors exert anxiogenic or anxiolytic effect depending on their chemical structure, dose, treatment schedule and gas release rapidity. The majority of NO synthase inhibitors act as a relatively potent axiolytic agents, while hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon monoxide (CO) delivered experimentally in the form of "slow" or "fast" releasing donors have recently been considered as anxiolytic neurotransmitters. In this comprehensive review we critically summarize the literature regarding the intriguing roles of NO, H2S and CO in the neuromolecular mechanisms of anxiety in the context of their putative, yet promising therapeutic application. A possible mechanism of gasotransmitter action at the level of anxiety-related synaptic transmission is also presented. Brain gasesous neuromediators urgently require further wide ranging studies to clarify their potential value for the current neuropharmacology of anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Pałasz
- Department of Histology, School of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Itiana Castro Menezes
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - John J Worthington
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
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9
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Long L, Han Y, Yuan X, Cao S, Liu W, Chen Q, Wang K, Han Z. A novel ratiometric near-infrared fluorescent probe for monitoring cyanide in food samples. Food Chem 2020; 331:127359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Gotor C, García I, Aroca Á, Laureano-Marín AM, Arenas-Alfonseca L, Jurado-Flores A, Moreno I, Romero LC. Signaling by hydrogen sulfide and cyanide through post-translational modification. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4251-4265. [PMID: 31087094 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Two cysteine metabolism-related molecules, hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen cyanide, which are considered toxic, have now been considered as signaling molecules. Hydrogen sulfide is produced in chloroplasts through the activity of sulfite reductase and in the cytosol and mitochondria by the action of sulfide-generating enzymes, and regulates/affects essential plant processes such as plant adaptation, development, photosynthesis, autophagy, and stomatal movement, where interplay with other signaling molecules occurs. The mechanism of action of sulfide, which modifies protein cysteine thiols to form persulfides, is related to its chemical features. This post-translational modification, called persulfidation, could play a protective role for thiols against oxidative damage. Hydrogen cyanide is produced during the biosynthesis of ethylene and camalexin in non-cyanogenic plants, and is detoxified by the action of sulfur-related enzymes. Cyanide functions include the breaking of seed dormancy, modifying the plant responses to biotic stress, and inhibition of root hair elongation. The mode of action of cyanide is under investigation, although it has recently been demonstrated to perform post-translational modification of protein cysteine thiols to form thiocyanate, a process called S-cyanylation. Therefore, the signaling roles of sulfide and most probably of cyanide are performed through the modification of specific cysteine residues, altering protein functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Gotor
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio, Seville, Spain
| | - Irene García
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio, Seville, Spain
| | - Ángeles Aroca
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio, Seville, Spain
| | - Ana M Laureano-Marín
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio, Seville, Spain
| | - Lucía Arenas-Alfonseca
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio, Seville, Spain
| | - Ana Jurado-Flores
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio, Seville, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Moreno
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio, Seville, Spain
| | - Luis C Romero
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio, Seville, Spain
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11
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Long L, Yuan X, Cao S, Han Y, Liu W, Chen Q, Han Z, Wang K. Determination of Cyanide in Water and Food Samples Using an Efficient Naphthalene-Based Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:10784-10790. [PMID: 31460176 PMCID: PMC6649237 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring cyanide levels in water and food samples is crucial. Herein, we rationally developed a simple and efficient fluorescent probe for cyanide determination. The probe displayed selective ratiometric fluorescent response to cyanide. In addition, after treatment with cyanide, the fluorescence ratios (I 509/I 466) exhibited a good linearity with cyanide concentration in the range of 0-60 μM, and the detection limit was determined to be 0.23 μM (S/N = 3). Significantly, the practical application demonstrated that the probe was able to quantitatively detect cyanide concentration in natural water samples. Monitoring of endogenous cyanide in cherry nut by the probe was also successfully conducted. Notably, upon fabrication of test strips, the probe could be conveniently utilized for field measurement of cyanide in bitter almond without relying on sophistical instruments. Furthermore, the cyanide in potato tissues was determined for the first time by means of fluorescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingliang Long
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and School of the Environment and Safety
Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P. R. China
| | - Xiangqi Yuan
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and School of the Environment and Safety
Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P. R. China
| | - Siyu Cao
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and School of the Environment and Safety
Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Han
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and School of the Environment and Safety
Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P. R. China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and School of the Environment and Safety
Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P. R. China
| | - Qian Chen
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and School of the Environment and Safety
Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P. R. China
| | - Zhixiang Han
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and School of the Environment and Safety
Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P. R. China
| | - Kun Wang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and School of the Environment and Safety
Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for
Life Science, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular
Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, P. R. China
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12
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Long L, Huang M, Wang N, Wu Y, Wang K, Gong A, Zhang Z, Sessler JL. A Mitochondria-Specific Fluorescent Probe for Visualizing Endogenous Hydrogen Cyanide Fluctuations in Neurons. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1870-1875. [PMID: 29337546 PMCID: PMC6276372 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An ability to visualize HCN in mitochondria in real time may permit additional insights into the critical toxicological and physiological roles this classic toxin plays in living organisms. Herein, we report a mitochondria-specific coumarin pyrrolidinium-derived fluorescence probe (MRP1) that permits the real-time ratiometric imaging of HCN in living cells. The response is specific, sensitive (detection limit is ca. 65.6 nM), rapid (within 1 s), and reversible. Probe MRP1 contains a benzyl chloride subunit designed to enhance retention within the mitochondria under conditions where the mitochondria membrane potential is eliminated. It has proved effective in visualizing different concentrations of exogenous HCN in the mitochondria of HepG2 cells, as well as the imaging of endogenous HCN in the mitochondria of PC12 cells and within neurons. Fluctuations in HCN levels arising from the intracellular generation of HCN could be readily detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingliang Long
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiyu Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanjun Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aihua Gong
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhijian Zhang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
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13
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Le Deunff E, Lecourt J. Non-specificity of ethylene inhibitors: 'double-edged' tools to find out new targets involved in the root morphogenetic programme. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2016; 18:353-61. [PMID: 26434926 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, genetic and pharmacological approaches have been used to explore ethylene biosynthesis and perception in order to study the role of ethylene and ethylene/auxin interaction in root architecture development. However, recent findings with pharmacological approaches highlight the non-specificity of commonly used inhibitors. This suggests that caution is required for interpreting these studies and that the use of pharmacological agents is a 'double-edged' tool. On one hand, non-specific effects make interpretation difficult unless other experiments, such as with different mutants or with multiple diversely acting chemicals, are conducted. On the other hand, the non-specificity of inhibitors opens up the possibility of uncovering some ligands or modulators of new receptors such as plant glutamate-like receptors and importance of some metabolic hubs in carbon and nitrogen metabolism such as the pyridoxal phosphate biosynthesis involved in the regulation of the root morphogenetic programme. Identification of such targets is a critical issue to improve the efficiency of absorption of macronutrients in relation to root the morphogenetic programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Le Deunff
- Normandie Université, UMR EVA, F-14032, Caen cedex, France
- INRA, UMR 950, Écophysiologie Végétale & Agronomie, Nutritions NCS, INRA F-14032 Caen cedex, France
| | - J Lecourt
- East Malling Research, East Malling, Kent, UK
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14
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Lee JJ, Kim WY, Um JH, Min TJ. Hydromorphone attenuates intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expressions induced by lipopolysaccharide on HCT-116 human colon cancer cells. Korean J Anesthesiol 2015; 67:S124-6. [PMID: 25598885 PMCID: PMC4295959 DOI: 10.4097/kjae.2014.67.s.s124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Jin Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Woon Young Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Ji Hye Um
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Too Jae Min
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
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15
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García I, Rosas T, Bejarano ER, Gotor C, Romero LC. Transient transcriptional regulation of the CYS-C1 gene and cyanide accumulation upon pathogen infection in the plant immune response. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 162:2015-27. [PMID: 23784464 PMCID: PMC3729779 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.219436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cyanide is produced concomitantly with ethylene biosynthesis. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) detoxifies cyanide primarily through the enzyme β-cyanoalanine synthase, mainly by the mitochondrial CYS-C1. CYS-C1 loss of function is not toxic for the plant and leads to an increased level of cyanide in cys-c1 mutants as well as a root hairless phenotype. The classification of genes differentially expressed in cys-c1 and wild-type plants reveals that the high endogenous cyanide content of the cys-c1 mutant is correlated with the biotic stress response. Cyanide accumulation and CYS-C1 gene expression are negatively correlated during compatible and incompatible plant-bacteria interactions. In addition, cys-c1 plants present an increased susceptibility to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea and an increased tolerance to the biotrophic Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 bacterium and Beet curly top virus. The cys-c1 mutation produces a reduction in respiration rate in leaves, an accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and an induction of the alternative oxidase AOX1a and pathogenesis-related PR1 expression. We hypothesize that cyanide, which is transiently accumulated during avirulent bacterial infection and constitutively accumulated in the cys-c1 mutant, uncouples the respiratory electron chain dependent on the cytochrome c oxidase, and this uncoupling induces the alternative oxidase activity and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, which act by stimulating the salicylic acid-dependent signaling pathway of the plant immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene García
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, E-41092 Seville, Spain.
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16
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Winick-Ng W, Leri F, Kalisch BE. Nitric oxide and histone deacetylases modulate cocaine-induced mu-opioid receptor levels in PC12 cells. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2012; 13:11. [PMID: 23079001 PMCID: PMC3520874 DOI: 10.1186/2050-6511-13-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cocaine exposure has been reported to alter central μ-opioid receptor (MOR) expression in vivo. The present study employed an in vitro cellular model to explore possible mechanisms that may be involved in this action of cocaine. Methods To assess the effects of cocaine on MOR levels, two treatment regimens were tested in PC12 cells: single continuous or multiple intermittent. MOR protein levels were assessed by western blot analysis and quantitative PCR was used to determine relative MOR mRNA expression levels. To evaluate the role of nitric oxide (NO) and histone acetylation in cocaine-induced MOR expression, cells were pre-treated with the NO synthase inhibitor Nω-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME) or the non-selective histone acetyltransferase inhibitor curcumin. Results Both cocaine treatment regimens significantly increased MOR protein levels and protein stability, but only multiple intermittent treatments increased MOR mRNA levels as well as c-fos mRNA levels and activator protein 1 binding activity. Both regimens increased NO production, and pre-treatment with L-NAME prevented cocaine-induced increases in MOR protein and mRNA levels. Single and multiple cocaine treatment regimens inhibited histone deacetylase activity, and pre-treatment with curcumin prevented cocaine-induced up-regulation of MOR protein expression. Conclusions In the PC12 cell model, both NO and histone deacetylase activity regulate cocaine-induced MOR expression at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Based on these novel findings, it is hypothesized that epigenetic mechanisms are implicated in cocaine’s action on MOR expression in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Winick-Ng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
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17
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Baskin SI, Rockwood GA. Neurotoxicological and Behavioral Effects of Cyanide and Its Potential Therapies. MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1207/s15327876mp1402_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven I. Baskin
- Pharmacology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland
| | - Gary A. Rockwood
- Drug Assessment Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland
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Cooper CE, Brown GC. The inhibition of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase by the gases carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, hydrogen cyanide and hydrogen sulfide: chemical mechanism and physiological significance. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2008; 40:533-9. [PMID: 18839291 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-008-9166-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 484] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2008] [Accepted: 08/01/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The four gases, nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) all readily inhibit oxygen consumption by mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase. This inhibition is responsible for much of their toxicity when they are applied externally to the body. However, recently these gases have all been implicated, to greater or lesser extents, in normal cellular signalling events. In this review we analyse the chemistry of this inhibition, comparing and contrasting mechanism and discussing physiological consequences. The inhibition by NO and CO is dependent on oxygen concentration, but that of HCN and H(2)S is not. NO and H(2)S are readily metabolised by oxidative processes within cytochrome oxidase. In these cases the enzyme may act as a physiological detoxifier of these gases. CO oxidation is much slower and unlikely to be as physiologically important. The evidence for normal physiological levels of these gases interacting with cytochrome oxidase is equivocal, in part because there is little robust data about their steady state concentrations. A reasonable case can be made for NO, and perhaps CO and H(2)S, inhibiting cytochrome oxidase in vivo, but endogenous levels of HCN seem unlikely to be high enough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris E Cooper
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK.
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Soto-Blanco B, Stegelmeier BL, Górniak SL. Clinical and pathological effects of short-term cyanide repeated dosing to goats. J Appl Toxicol 2006; 25:445-50. [PMID: 16196001 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to determine and describe the effects of subacute cyanide toxicity to goats. Eight female goats were divided into two groups. The first group of five animals was treated with 8.0 mg KCN kg(-1) body weight day(-1) for seven consecutive days. The second group of three animals was treated with water as controls. Complete physical examination, including observation for behavior changes, was conducted before and after dosing. One treated animal was euthanized immediately after dosing. Later, two of the remaining treated animals and a control goat were euthanized after a 30-day recovery period. Euthanized animals were necropsied and tissues were collected and prepared for histologic studies. Clinical signs in treated goats were transient and included depression and lethargy, mild hyperpnea and hyperthermia, arrhythmias, abundant salivation, vocalizations, expiratory dyspnea, jerky movements and head pressing. Two goats developed convulsions after day 3 of treatment. One animal developed more permanent behavioral changes as she became less dominant and aggressive. Histologic changes included mild hepatocellular vacuolation and degeneration, mild vacuolation and swelling of the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidneys and spongiosis of the white matter (status spongiosis) of the cerebral white tracts, internal capsule, cerebellar peduncles, spinal cord and peripheral nerves. In summary, sub-lethal cyanide intoxication in goats resulted in behavioral changes, and during the treatment period animals showed delayed signs of toxicity. Significant histologic lesions in goats were observed and need to be characterized further.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Soto-Blanco
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Escola Superior de Agricultura de Mossoró, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
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20
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Billaut-Laden I, Rat E, Allorge D, Crunelle-Thibaut A, Cauffiez C, Chevalier D, Lo-Guidice JM, Broly F. Evidence for a functional genetic polymorphism of the human mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MPST), a cyanide detoxification enzyme. Toxicol Lett 2006; 165:101-11. [PMID: 16545926 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2006] [Revised: 02/05/2006] [Accepted: 02/08/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MPST) plays a central role in both cysteine degradation and cyanide detoxification. Moreover, deficiency in MPST activity has been suggested to be responsible for a rare inheritable disorder known as mercaptolactate-cysteine disulfiduria (MCDU). To date, no mutation of the human MPST gene has been reported. We developed a screening strategy to search for mutations in the MPST gene of 50 unrelated French individuals. Two intronic polymorphisms (IVS1-110C>G and IVS2+39C>T) and a nonsense mutation (Tyr(85)Stop) were identified and their functional consequences were assessed in vivo by measurement of erythrocyte MPST activity and/or in vitro using heterologous expression or transient transfection assay. The nonsense mutation likely leads to the synthesis of a severely truncated protein without enzymatic activity, as supported by our in vitro data. This work constitutes the first report of the existence of a functional genetic polymorphism affecting MPST and should be of great help to investigate certain disorders such as MCDU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Billaut-Laden
- Equipe d'accueil EA2679, Faculté de Médecine, Pôle Recherche, 1 place de Verdun, 59045 Lille Cedex, France
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Gunasekar PG, Prabhakaran K, Li L, Zhang L, Isom GE, Borowitz JL. Receptor mechanisms mediating cyanide generation in PC12 cells and rat brain. Neurosci Res 2004; 49:13-8. [PMID: 15099699 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2004.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2003] [Accepted: 01/09/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cyanide is generated in neurons and this report examines the two different receptors which mediate cyanide formation in neuronal tissue. An opiate receptor blocked by naloxone increases cyanide production both in rat brain and in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. A muscarinic receptor in PC12 cells releases cyanide and the effect is blocked by atropine. In rat brain, in vivo, a muscarinic agonist inhibits cyanide generation, possibly by acting on receptor subtypes different from those in PC12 cells. Cyanide generation by a muscarinic agonist in PC12 cells is blocked by pertussis toxin but that caused by an opiate is not. Thus, two different receptors and two different second messenger systems can mediate cyanide generation in PC12 cells. In parallel with the in vivo data, cultured primary rat cortical cells also show decreased cyanide release following muscarinic stimulation. Both blockade of cyanide generation by muscarinic receptor activation and cyanide release by opiate agonists from cortical cells are pertussis toxin insensitive. Similarly, little cyanide generation was seen following cholera toxin treatment. These data indicate that opiate receptors increase and muscarinic receptors decrease cyanide production in rat brain tissue by G-protein independent mechanisms. This work supports the suggestion that the powerful actions of cyanide may be important for neuromodulation in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Gunasekar
- Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmacal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1333, USA
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Gunasekar PG, Borowitz JL, Turek JJ, Van Horn DA, Isom GE. Endogenous generation of cyanide in neuronal tissue: involvement of a peroxidase system. J Neurosci Res 2000; 61:570-5. [PMID: 10956427 DOI: 10.1002/1097-4547(20000901)61:5<570::aid-jnr12>3.0.co;2-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In a study of the mechanism by which cyanide is produced in neural tissue, it was hypothesized that nerve cells generate cyanide in a manner similar to that in leukocytes. As in white blood cells, glycine addition enhanced cyanide production in rat pheochromocytoma cells. Because myeloperoxidase catalyses cyanide production in leukocytes, a selective myeloperoxidase inhibitor (aminobenzoic acid hydrazide) was tested and found to inhibit opiate agonist-induced cyanide production in pheochromocytoma cells and also in rat brain. In addition, hydrogen peroxide enhanced cyanide release in pheochromocytoma cells, further suggesting that the process is oxidative in nature. Sonicated rat pheochromocytoma cells did not generate cyanide in response to an agonist acting on surface receptors even though disrupted cells responded to glycine. The mitochondrial fraction from rat brain produced more cyanide in response to glycine than any other fraction. Thus glycine seems to act at an intracellular site to enhance cyanide production and the process seems to involve a peroxidase mechanism similar to that reported for white blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Gunasekar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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Niu SY, Kuo CH, Taira E, Muraoka O, Irie Y, Gan YH, Do E, Miki N. Inhibition by naloxone of promoter activity of the neurofilament gene in SK-N-SH cells. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY 2000; 82:34-9. [PMID: 10874586 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.82.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic administration of morphine is known to decrease the levels of neurofilaments (NFs) in the ventral tegmental area. We ligated a promoter region of the mouse 68-KDa neurofilament (NF-68) gene to the pGL3-enhancer vector containing a luciferase gene, transfected it into SK-N-SH cells and then analyzed transcriptional activity in the cells treated with agonists or antagonists of opiate receptors. The activity of the NF-68 promoter was suppressed by naloxone about 55% at 10(-5) M and 30% at 10(-7) M at 48 h, but suppressed not by morphine. Naltrexone at 10(-5) M suppressed the promoter activity about 20%, but levallorphan, DAMGO, DPDPE and U50488 did not. The inhibition by naloxone was dose-dependent and not reversed by morphine. The inhibitory effect of naloxone was not observed in N18TG-2 cells and PC12 cells. Experiments with various deletion mutants revealed that a region responsible for naloxone suppression spans from -328 to -101 in the gene. These results suggest that naloxone has the ability to suppress transcriptional activity in some neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Niu
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka University School of Medicine, Japan
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Abstract
NaCN is a classical stimulus used to elicit discharges from carotid body chemoreceptors. The effect is assumed to be mediated by glomus (type I) cells, which release an excitatory transmitter for the excitation of carotid nerve endings. Since the sensory perikarya of the glossopharyngeal nerve (from which the carotid nerve branches) are located in the petrosal ganglion, we tested whether application of this drug to the petrosal ganglion superfused in vitro elicits antidromic discharges in the carotid nerve. NaCN did indeed cause an intense and prolonged burst of nerve impulses in the carotid nerve, while provoking a less intense and much briefer burst of discharges in the glossopharyngeal branch. Carotid nerve responses to NaCN were reduced and shortened by prior or following application of dopamine to the ganglion. Sodium azide applied to the petrosal ganglion evoked a less intense and much briefer burst of impulses in the carotid nerve. Ganglionar application of 2,4-dinitrophenol did not induce discharges in the carotid nerve. Switching the superfusion of the ganglion from a normoxic to a hypoxic solution did not evoke discharges in the carotid nerve. Therefore, the perikarya of carotid nerve neurons are sensitive to NaCN, but are not excited by reducing the pO(2) of the superfusing solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Alcayaga
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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