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Morandi-Raikova A, Danieli K, Lorenzi E, Rosa-Salva O, Mayer U. Anatomical asymmetries in the tectofugal pathway of dark-incubated domestic chicks: Rightwards lateralization of parvalbumin neurons in the entopallium. Laterality 2021; 26:163-185. [DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2021.1873357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Krubeal Danieli
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Elena Lorenzi
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Orsola Rosa-Salva
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Uwe Mayer
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
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Belekhova MG, Vasilyev DS, Kenigfest NB, Chudinova TV. Calcium-Binding Proteins and Cytochrome Oxidase Activity in the Pigeon Entopallium: A Comparative Analysis of Interspecies Variability as Related to the Discussion on Avian Entopallium Homology. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093018010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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3
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Atoji Y. Gene expression of ionotropic glutamate receptor subunits in the tectofugal pathway of the pigeon. Neuroscience 2016; 316:367-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Belekhova MG, Chudinova TV, Rio JP, Tostivint H, Vesselkin NP, Kenigfest NB. Distribution of calcium-binding proteins in the pigeon visual thalamic centers and related pretectal and mesencephalic nuclei. Phylogenetic and functional determinants. Brain Res 2016; 1631:165-93. [PMID: 26638835 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Multichannel processing of environmental information constitutes a fundamental basis of functioning of sensory systems in the vertebrate brain. Two distinct parallel visual systems - the tectofugal and thalamofugal exist in all amniotes. The vertebrate central nervous system contains high concentrations of intracellular calcium-binding proteins (CaBPrs) and each of them has a restricted expression pattern in different brain regions and specific neuronal subpopulations. This study aimed at describing the patterns of distribution of parvalbumin (PV) and calbindin (CB) in the visual thalamic and mesencephalic centers of the pigeon (Columba livia). We used a combination of immunohistochemistry and double labeling immunofluorescent technique. Structures studied included the thalamic relay centers involved in the tectofugal (nucleus rotundus, Rot) and thalamofugal (nucleus geniculatus lateralis, pars dorsalis, GLd) visual pathways as well as pretectal, mesencephalic, isthmic and thalamic structures inducing the driver and/or modulatory action to the visual processing. We showed that neither of these proteins was unique to the Rot or GLd. The Rot contained i) numerous PV-immunoreactive (ir) neurons and a dense neuropil, and ii) a few CB-ir neurons mostly located in the anterior dorsal part and associated with a light neuropil. These latter neurons partially overlapped with the former and some of them colocalized both proteins. The distinct subnuclei of the GLd were also characterized by different patterns of distribution of CaBPrs. Some (nucleus dorsolateralis anterior, pars magnocellularis, DLAmc; pars lateralis, DLL; pars rostrolateralis, DLAlr; nucleus lateralis anterior thalami, LA) contained both CB- and PV-ir neurons in different proportions with a predominance of the former in the DLAmc and DLL. The nucleus lateralis dorsalis of nuclei optici principalis thalami only contained PV-ir neurons and a neuropil similar to the interstitial pretectal/thalamic nuclei of the tectothalamic tract, nucleus pretectalis and thalamic reticular nucleus. The overlapping distribution of PV and CB immunoreactivity was typical for the pretectal nucleus lentiformis mesencephali and the nucleus ectomamillaris as well as for the visual isthmic nuclei. The findings are discussed in the light of the contributive role of the phylogenetic and functional factors determining the circuits׳ specificity of the different CaBPr types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita G Belekhova
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Neuronal Interactions, Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 44, Thorez Avenue, 194223 Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Tatiana V Chudinova
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Neuronal Interactions, Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 44, Thorez Avenue, 194223 Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Jean-Paul Rio
- CRICM UPMC/INSERM UMR_S975/CNRS UMR 7225, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, 47, Bd de l׳Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France.
| | - Hérve Tostivint
- CNRS UMR 7221, MNHN USM 0501, Département Régulations, Développement et Diversité Moléculaire du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 7, rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Nikolai P Vesselkin
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Neuronal Interactions, Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 44, Thorez Avenue, 194223 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; Department of Medicine, The State University of Saint-Petersburg, 7-9, Universitetskaya nab., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Natalia B Kenigfest
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Neuronal Interactions, Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 44, Thorez Avenue, 194223 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; CNRS UMR 7221, MNHN USM 0501, Département Régulations, Développement et Diversité Moléculaire du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 7, rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France.
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Atoji Y. Expression of ionotropic glutamate receptors, AMPA, kainite and NMDA, in the pigeon retina. Exp Eye Res 2015; 136:72-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Vega-Zuniga T, Mpodozis J, Karten HJ, Marín G, Hain S, Luksch H. Morphology, projection pattern, and neurochemical identity of Cajal's "centrifugal neurons": the cells of origin of the tectoventrogeniculate pathway in pigeon (Columba livia) and chicken (Gallus gallus). J Comp Neurol 2014; 522:2377-96. [PMID: 24435811 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The nucleus geniculatus lateralis pars ventralis (GLv) is a prominent retinal target in all amniotes. In birds, it is in receipt of a dense and topographically organized retinal projection. The GLv is also the target of substantial and topographically organized projections from the optic tectum and the visual wulst (hyperpallium). Tectal and retinal afferents terminate homotopically within the external GLv-neuropil. Efferents from the GLv follow a descending course through the tegmentum and can be traced into the medial pontine nucleus. At present, the cells of origin of the Tecto-GLv projection are only partially described. Here we characterized the laminar location, morphology, projection pattern, and neurochemical identity of these cells by means of neural tracer injections and intracellular fillings in slice preparations and extracellular tracer injections in vivo. The Tecto-GLv projection arises from a distinct subset of layer 10 bipolar neurons, whose apical dendrites show a complex transverse arborization at the level of layer 7. Axons of these bipolar cells arise from the apical dendrites and follow a course through the optic tract to finally form very fine and restricted terminal endings inside the GLv-neuropil. Double-label experiments showed that these bipolar cells were choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-immunoreactive. Our results strongly suggest that Tecto-GLv neurons form a pathway by which integrated tectal activity rapidly feeds back to the GLv and exerts a focal cholinergic modulation of incoming retinal inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Vega-Zuniga
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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Atoji Y, Karim MR. Glutamatergic thalamopallial projections in the pigeon identified by retrograde labeling and expression of vGluT2 mRNA. Neurosci Res 2014; 84:43-6. [PMID: 24657707 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A neocortical hypothesis as to homology of certain nuclear components of the avian brain proposes that the entopallium and field L2 are homologous to layer 4 of mammalian extrastriate and auditory neocortex, respectively. However, the hypothesis lacks support from the neurochemistry of thalamopallial projections. We investigated whether these projections are glutamatergic by injecting cholera toxin B into either the entopallium or field L2 in combination with in situ hybridization. Retrogradely labeled neurons in nucleus rotundus and nucleus ovoidalis were found to express vesicular glutamate transporter 2 mRNA, showing that the thalamopallial projections are glutamatergic. The results are consistent with the neocortical hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuro Atoji
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Mohammad Rabiul Karim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Histology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
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Belekhova MG, Chudinova TV, Kenigfest NB. Calcium-binding proteins and cytochrome oxidase activity in the turtle optic tectum with special reference to the tectofugal visual pathway. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093013050083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ruan YW, So KF, Pritz MB. Calcium binding protein expression in the optic tectum of Alligator during development. Dev Neurobiol 2013; 73:899-910. [PMID: 23929737 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The onset and distribution of the calcium binding proteins, calretinin, calbindin, and parvalbumin, were examined in the optic tectum of Alligator mississipiensis embryos between Stages 18 and 26-28. The immunoreactivity of each calcium binding protein correlated well with the results from the Western blot experiments. In terms of onset and distribution, calretinin expressison was the most widespread of the three calcium binding proteins that were examined, and was also the earliest to be visualized. Calbindin expression occurred next, whereas parvalbumin expression was the most limited and appeared last. For small calretinin (+) neurons, the pattern of immunoreactivity during development was from inside to outside, whereas for the larger cells, it was from outside to inside. For calbindin immunoreactive cells in the superficial zone, the pattern was from outside to inside. The distribution of the parvalbumin immunopositive neurons did not change significantly over the time period examined. Similar data on other amniotes is limited. However, the pattern in Alligator shares some similarities with kittens in regards to the distribution of calbindin and parvalbumin in the developing superior colliculus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-W Ruan
- GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China; Department of Anatomy, Jinan University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Acerbo MJ, Lazareva OF, McInnerney J, Leiker E, Wasserman EA, Poremba A. Figure-ground discrimination in the avian brain: the nucleus rotundus and its inhibitory complex. Vision Res 2012; 70:18-26. [PMID: 22917681 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2012.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In primates, neurons sensitive to figure-ground status are located in striate cortex (area V1) and extrastriate cortex (area V2). Although much is known about the anatomical structure and connectivity of the avian visual pathway, the functional organization of the avian brain remains largely unexplored. To pinpoint the areas associated with figure-ground segregation in the avian brain, we used a radioactively labeled glucose analog to compare differences in glucose uptake after figure-ground, color, and shape discriminations. We also included a control group that received food on a variable-interval schedule, but was not required to learn a visual discrimination. Although the discrimination task depended on group assignment, the stimulus displays were identical for all three experimental groups, ensuring that all animals were exposed to the same visual input. Our analysis concentrated on the primary thalamic nucleus associated with visual processing, the nucleus rotundus (Rt), and two nuclei providing regulatory feedback, the pretectum (PT) and the nucleus subpretectalis/interstitio-pretecto-subpretectalis complex (SP/IPS). We found that figure-ground discrimination was associated with strong and nonlateralized activity of Rt and SP/IPS, whereas color discrimination produced strong and lateralized activation in Rt alone. Shape discrimination was associated with lower activity of Rt than in the control group. Taken together, our results suggest that figure-ground discrimination is associated with Rt and that SP/IPS may be a main source of inhibitory control. Thus, figure-ground segregation in the avian brain may occur earlier than in the primate brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Acerbo
- Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.
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Verhaal J, Kirsch JA, Vlachos I, Manns M, Güntürkün O. Lateralized reward-related visual discrimination in the avian entopallium. Eur J Neurosci 2012; 35:1337-43. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2012.08049.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Atoji Y, Wild JM. Afferent and efferent projections of the mesopallium in the pigeon (Columba livia). J Comp Neurol 2012; 520:717-41. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.22763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Islam MR, Atoji Y. Distribution of vesicular glutamate transporter 2 and glutamate receptor 1 and 2 mRNA in the pigeon retina. Exp Eye Res 2009; 89:439-43. [PMID: 19523950 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2009.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2009] [Revised: 03/26/2009] [Accepted: 03/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter in the central and peripheral nervous systems of the vertebrate. The previous studies show the presence of mRNAs of AMPA-type glutamate receptors, GluR1 and GluR2, in the optic tectum of the pigeon, suggesting glutamatergic input from the retina. The present study examined localization of vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2) and GluR1 and GluR2 to confirm source of glutamatergic neurons in the pigeon retina by in situ hybridization histochemistry. VGLUT2 mRNA expressed in the inner nuclear layer and ganglion cells, while GluR1 and GluR2 mRNAs were observed in the inner nuclear layer, ganglion cells, and superficial layers of the optic tectum. The results suggest that photoreceptor cells, bipolar cells and ganglion cells are glutamatergic in the avian retina as in mammals.
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Choi JS, Lee JY, Jeon CJ. Glutamate receptors GluR1 and GluR4 in the hamster superior colliculus: distribution and co-localization with calcium-binding proteins and GABA. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2009; 42:29-38. [PMID: 19492025 PMCID: PMC2685021 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.08035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2008] [Accepted: 01/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the distributions of AMPA glutamate receptor subtypes GluR1 and GluR4 in the hamster superior colliculus (SC) with antibody immunocytochemistry and the effect of enucleation on these distributions. We compared these labelings to those of GluR2/3 in our previous report (Park et al., 2004, Neurosci Res., 49:139–155) and calcium-binding proteins calbindin D28K, calretinin, parvalbumin, and GABA. Anti-GluR1-immunoreactive (IR) cells were scattered throughout the SC. By contrast, anti-GluR4-IR cells formed distinct clusters within the lower lateral stratum griseum intermediale (SGI) and lateral stratum album intermediale (SAI). The GluR1- and GluR4-IR neurons varied in size and morphology. The average diameter of the GluR1-IR cells was 13.00 µm, while the GluR4-IR cells was 20.00 µm. The large majority of IR neurons were round or oval cells, but they also included stellate, vertical fusiform and horizontal cells. Monocular enucleation appeared to have no effect on the GluR1 and GluR4 immunoreactivity. Some GluR1-IR cells expressed calbindin D28K (9.50%), calretinin (6.59%), parvalbumin (2.53%), and GABA (20.54%). By contrast, no GluR4-IR cells expressed calcium-binding proteins or GABA. Although the function of the AMPA receptor subunits in SC is not yet clear, the distinct segregation of the GluR subunits, its differential colocalization with calcium-binding proteins and GABA, and differential responses to enucleation suggest the functional diversity of the receptor subunits in visuo-motor integration in the SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sik Choi
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University
| | - Jea-Young Lee
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University
| | - Chang-Jin Jeon
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University
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Atoji Y, Islam MR. Distribution of glutamate transporter 1 mRNA in the central nervous system of the pigeon (Columba livia). J Chem Neuroanat 2009; 37:234-44. [PMID: 19481008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2009.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2008] [Revised: 03/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1) in glial cells removes glutamate that diffuses from the synaptic cleft into the extracellular space. Previously, we have shown the distribution of glutamatergic neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) of the pigeon. In the present study, we identified cDNA sequence of the pigeon GLT1, and mapped the distribution of the mRNA-expressing cells in CNS to examine whether GLT1 is associated with glutamatergic terminal areas. The cDNA sequence of the pigeon GLT1 consisted of 1889bp nucleotides and the amino acids showed 97% and 87% identity to the chicken and human GLT1, respectively. In situ hybridization autoradiograms revealed GLT1 mRNA expression in glial cells and produced regional differences of GLT1 mRNA distribution in CNS. GLT1 mRNA was expressed preferentially in the pallium than the subpallium. Moderate expression was seen in the hyperpallium, Field L, mesopallium, and hippocampal formation. In the thalamus, moderate expression was found in the ovoidal nucleus, rotundal nucleus, triangular nucleus, and lateral spiriform nucleus, while the dorsal thalamic nuclei were weak. In the brainstem, the isthmic nuclei, optic tectum, vestibular nuclei, and cochlear nuclei expressed moderately, but the cerebellar cortex showed strong expression. Bergmann glial cells expressed GLT1 mRNA very strongly. The results indicate that cDNA sequence of the pigeon GLT1 is comparable with that of the mammalian GLT1, and a large number of GLT1 mRNA-expressing areas correspond with areas where AMPA-type glutamate receptors are located. Avian GLT1 in glial cells probably maintain microenvironment of glutamate concentration around synapses as in mammalian GLT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuro Atoji
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
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Rosinha M, Ferrari E, Toledo C. Immunohistochemical distribution of AMPA-type label in the pigeon (C. livia) hippocampus. Neuroscience 2009; 159:438-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2008] [Revised: 01/05/2009] [Accepted: 01/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Islam MR, Atoji Y. Distribution of vesicular glutamate transporter 2 and glutamate receptor 1 mRNA in the central nervous system of the pigeon (Columba livia). J Comp Neurol 2008; 511:658-77. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.21871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Manns M, Freund N, Leske O, Güntürkün O. Breaking the balance: ocular BDNF-injections induce visual asymmetry in pigeons. Dev Neurobiol 2008; 68:1123-34. [PMID: 18506770 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.20647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In pigeons, asymmetric photic stimulation around hatch induces functional visual asymmetries that are accompanied by left-right differences in tectal cell sizes. Different aspects of light-dependent neuronal differentiation are known to be mediated by the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Therefore, we investigated by means of single or triple BDNF- or saline-injections into the right eye of dark-incubated pigeon hatchlings if ocular BDNF enrichment mimics the effects of biased visual input. As adults, the birds were tested in a grit-grain discrimination task to estimate the degree and direction of visual lateralization followed by a morphometric analysis of retinal and tectal cells. The grit-grain discrimination task demonstrated that triple BDNF-injections enhanced visuoperceptual and visuomotor functioning of the left eye system. Morphometric analysis showed bilateral cell-type dependent effects within the optic tectum. While single-BDNF injections increased cell body sizes of calbindin-positive efferent neurons, triple-injections decreased cell sizes of parvalbumin-positive cells. Moreover, single BDNF-injections increased retinal cell sizes within the contralateral eye. Analysis of BDNF-induced intracellular signaling demonstrated enhanced downstream Ras activation for at least 24 h within both tectal halves whereas activity changes within the contralateral retina could not be detected. This points to primarily tectal effects of ocular BDNF. In sum, exogenous BDNF modulates the differentiation of retinotectal circuitries and dose-dependently shifts lateralized visuomotor processing towards the noninjected side. Since these effects are opposite to embryonic light stimulation, it is unlikely that the impact of light onto asymmetry formation is mediated by retinal BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Manns
- Biopsychology, Faculty of Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum 44780, Federal Republic of Germany.
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Manns M, Güntürkün O. Differential effects of ocular BDNF-injections onto the development of tectal cells characterized by calcium-binding proteins in pigeons. Brain Res Bull 2005; 66:475-8. [PMID: 16144635 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The optic tectum of vertebrates bears a set of visual neurons which can be differentiated by the expression of distinct calcium-binding proteins (CaBPs). Using immunohistochemistry, we mapped the distribution of the CaBPs calbindin (CB) and parvalbumin (PV) in the pigeon's optic tectum and examined if their differentiation is affected by retinal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-injections. CB-immunoreactive (ir) and PV-ir cells displayed a lamination pattern which differed from other birds. While PV-ir cells were present in several retinorecipient tectal laminae, CB-ir cells were confined to layer 3 and 5 and - as a specialization of pigeons - were also detected in a subpopulation of layer 13 neurons. Comparison of saline- and BDNF-injected animals revealed that this general expression pattern was not affected by ocular BDNF-injections. In contrast, the size of tectal cells was differentially modulated. While CB-ir cells in layers 3 and 13 were unaffected by retinal BDNF, cells in layer 5 developed enlarged cell bodies. The PV-ir cells displayed smaller soma sizes within both tectal hemispheres suggesting also an indirect effect of retinal BDNF. These data indicate a differential sensitivity of tectal cell types to retinal BDNF, which might be one mechanism by which retinal input modulates tectal circuitries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Manns
- Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany.
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Necker R. Histological and immunocytochemical characterization of neurons located in the white matter of the spinal cord of the pigeon. J Chem Neuroanat 2004; 27:109-17. [PMID: 15121215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2004.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2003] [Revised: 10/24/2003] [Accepted: 01/18/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In the spinal cord of birds a considerable number of neuronal somata is located outside the gray matter. Some of these neurons form segmental marginal nuclei, which lie at the border of the spinal cord near the dentate ligament. In lumbosacral segments these marginal nuclei form accessory lobes which bulge into the vertebral canal. These lobes consist in neurons which are embedded into glia-derived glycogen cells. Furthermore, there are neurons in the white matter near the accessory lobes and numerous paragriseal cells lying in the lateral and ventral funiculus. Glycogen cells are present both in the lobes and in the glycogen body which fills the lumbosacral spinal rhomboid sinus. Immunoreactivity of glial fibrillary acidic protein, a marker of astrocytes, was used to characterize the surrounding of marginal neurons. Astrocytes were numerous in cervical marginal nuclei but rare in accessory lobes. There is cytological (distribution of Nissl substance) and immunocytochemical evidence (immunoreactivity of medium-sized neurofilament, glutamic acid decorboxylase and glutamatergic AMPA receptor subtype GluR2/3) that neurons of the accessory lobes and the nearby white matter are similar, whereas paragriseal cells are different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhold Necker
- Lehrstuhl für Tierphysiologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.
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Hellmann B, Güntürkün O, Manns M. Tectal mosaic: Organization of the descending tectal projections in comparison to the ascending tectofugal pathway in the pigeon. J Comp Neurol 2004; 472:395-410. [PMID: 15065115 DOI: 10.1002/cne.20056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The optic tectum of vertebrates is an essential relay station for visuomotor behavior and is characterized by a set of connections that comprises topographically ordered input from the eyes and an output that reaches premotor hindbrain regions. In the avian tectofugal system, different ascending cell classes have recently been identified based on their dendritic and axonal projection patterns, although comparable information about the descending cells is missing. By means of retrograde tracing, the present study describes the detailed morphology of tectal output neurons that constitute the descending tectobulbar and tectopontine pathways in pigeons. Descending cells were more numerous in the dorsal tectum and differed in terms of 1) their relative amount of ipsi- vs. contralateral projections, 2) the location of the efferent cell bodies within different tectal layers, and 3) their differential access to visual input via dendritic ramifications within the outer retinorecipient laminae. Thus, the descending tectal system is constituted by different cell classes presumably processing diverse aspects of the visual environment in a visual field-dependent manner. We demonstrate, based on a careful morphological analysis and on double-labeling experiments, that the descending pathways are largely separated from the ascending projections even when they arise from the same layers. These data support the concept that the tectum is arranged as a mosaic of multiple cell types with diverse input functions at the same location of the tectal map. Such an arrangement would enable the tectal projections onto diverse areas to be both retinotopically organized and functionally specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burkhard Hellmann
- Abteilung Biopsychologie, Institut für Kognitive Neurowissenschaft, Fakultät für Psychologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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22
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Santana RF, Reiner A, Britto LRG, Toledo CAB. Differential effects of aging on the distribution of calcium-binding proteins in a pretectal nucleus of the chicken brain. J Chem Neuroanat 2004; 26:195-208. [PMID: 14615028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2003.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The nucleus pretectalis (PT) of birds is an ovoid-shaped visuomotor cell group of the pretectum that receives tectal input and projects back to the optic tectum. We performed immunohistochemical single- and double-labeling to determine the distribution and abundance of neurons containing three calcium-binding proteins, parvalbumin (PV), calretinin (CR), and calbindin (CB), in the PT in chickens at three ages. We found that PV-positive and CR-positive cells co-localize and are largely found in the outer part of PT at all ages. The GluR4 subunit of the AMPA-type glutamate receptor was selectively localized to these neurons. CB-positive neurons, however, were largely absent from the PT in young and adult chickens. The abundance of PV-positive and CR-positive neurons in PT in old birds was indistinguishable from that in the younger birds, but CB-positive perikarya were 10-20-fold more common than in young birds, and were again mainly found in the outer part of PT. The overall abundance of neurons in PT was reduced to about 50% of its former abundance in the old birds, with this loss restricted to the central part of the nucleus. These data indicate that a cell loss process develops in PT as birds age, that parvalbuminergic and calretinergic neurons resist this process, and that this process is associated with increased expression of CB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato F Santana
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, City University of São Paulo, Rua Cesário Galeno 448, 03071-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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23
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Becker T, Redies C. Internal structure of the nucleus rotundus revealed by mapping cadherin expression in the embryonic chicken visual system. J Comp Neurol 2003; 467:536-48. [PMID: 14624487 DOI: 10.1002/cne.10954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The nucleus rotundus is the largest nucleus of the avian thalamus. It is an important center of visual information processing and conveys information from the optic tectum to the ectostriatum in the telencephalon. The nucleus rotundus is generally believed to contain internal divisions processing information on color, form, motion, and looming of visual objects. The detailed arrangement of these internal divisions is unclear. Here, we map the expression of four classic cadherins (N-cadherin, R-cadherin, cadherin-6B, and cadherin-7), which are markers for specific functional gray matter divisions and their fiber connections in the vertebrate brain. Results show that each cadherin is expressed by one coherent part of the nucleus rotundus that is connected to other brain structures by fiber tracts expressing the same subtype of cadherin. Overall, the expression of the four cadherins encompasses almost the entire nucleus rotundus. The four cadherin-expressing parts show different degrees of overlap. For example, the cadherin-6B part and the cadherin-7 part overlap extensively, whereas the R-cadherin part and the cadherin-6B part show little overlap and are partially complementary. Regions with shallow gradients of cadherin expression alternate with regions that show relatively abrupt changes in cadherin expression. At some points, changes of cadherin expression are also arranged in a pinwheel-like fashion, alternating between clockwise and counterclockwise orientations. In general, these results are reminiscent of the organization of functional modules in the mammalian visual cortex. It is speculated that each domain of cadherin expression corresponds to a functional domain, which processes a specific stimulus feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Becker
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Duisburg-Essen School of Medicine, D-45122 Essen, Germany
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24
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Manns M, Güntürkün O. Light experience induces differential asymmetry pattern of GABA- and parvalbumin-positive cells in the pigeon's visual midbrain. J Chem Neuroanat 2003; 25:249-59. [PMID: 12842270 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-0618(03)00035-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The formation of functional and morphological asymmetries within the pigeon's tectofugal system depends on left-right differences in visual input during embryonic development. This asymmetric stimulation presumably affects activity-dependent differentiation processes within the optic tectum. Behavioral studies reveal that prehatch light stimulation asymmetry influences both left- and right-hemispheric processes in a differential way. Thus, we have to assume divergent effects on both hemispheres. This study represents an attempt to test the hypothesis that embryonic light asymmetry induces different, cell-type-specific effects in the left and the right optic midbrain. Since it is likely that inhibitory interneurons play a critical role in the establishment of asymmetries, we examined in both sides of the brain the soma sizes of GABA- and parvalbumin- (PV) immunoreactive (ir) cells of the tectum and the magnocellular isthmic nucleus in controls and in dark-incubated animals. No cell size asymmetries of magnocellular isthmic neurons were found in either dark-incubated or control birds. Dark-incubation also prevented the establishment of lateralized differences in GABAergic and PV-positive tectal cells. However, in control birds GABAergic cells displayed larger somata in the left tectum, whereas PV-ir neurons were enlarged within the right tectum. This complementary asymmetry pattern suggests that PV- and GABA-ir tectal cells represent different cellular populations which react differently to visual input. Thus, our data show that visual lateralization does not result from a mere growth promoting effect that enhances differentiation within the behaviorally dominant left side, but is constituted by different cell type-specific circuits which are divergently adjusted in the left and in the right tectum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Manns
- Institut für Kognitive Neurowissenschaften, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
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25
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Theiss MPH, Hellmann B, Güntürkün O. The architecture of an inhibitory sidepath within the avian tectofugal system. Neuroreport 2003; 14:879-82. [PMID: 12858052 DOI: 10.1097/00001756-200305060-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The tectofugal system dominates vision in most avian species. A key component of this pathway is the projection from the optic tectum onto the nucleus rotundus and the nucleus subpretectalis. Since subpretectalis has inhibitory projections onto rotundus, it constitutes a modulatory tectofugal sidepath to the tectorotundal system. We analyzed the connections and the immunocytochemical pattern of the subpretectalis in pigeons and show that it receives afferents from some tectal celltypes and from the nucleus pretectalis. Subpretectalis-neurons project non-topographically onto pretectalis and the rostrolateral rotundus. In addition, our immunocytochemical data make it likely that the cells of the subpretectalis receive glutamatergic and GABAergic input. These data provide evidence that the tectofugal sidepath over the subpretectalis could be involved in two major functions: The first is a modulation of attentional shifts from one eye to the other, while the second is a temporal fine-tuning of rotundal units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion P H Theiss
- Department of Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Fakultät für Psychologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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26
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Toledo CAB, Britto LRG, Pires RS, Veenman CL, Reiner A. Interspecific differences in the expression of the AMPA-type glutamate receptors and parvalbumin in the nucleus of Edinger-Westphal of chicks and pigeons. Brain Res 2002; 947:122-30. [PMID: 12144860 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(02)02919-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of AMPA-type glutamate receptor (GluR) subunits was studied in the Edinger-Westphal nucleus (EW) of chicks and pigeons. GluR1, GluR2, GluR3 and GluR4 subunits appeared to be present in EW neurons of both species, but interspecific differences were observed in the abundance of the different types of subunits found in EW neurons. Of particular note, GluR2 immunoreactivity was present in the vast majority (ca. 80%) of neurons of pigeon EW but was found in only a small fraction (ca. 15%) of chick EW neurons. Scarcity of the GluR2 subunit in chick EW was confirmed by in situ hybridization. Because of the tendency for parvalbumin to be localized to neurons that are selectively deficient in GluR2, we also studied the localization of parvalbumin, as well as other calcium-binding proteins, in EW of chick and pigeon. Parvalbumin was found in more than 50% of chick EW neurons but was not detected in pigeon EW neurons. Our results suggest that there are major glutamatergic inputs to EW neurons in both pigeons and chicks. Furthermore, there are likely to be more AMPA-type calcium-permeable glutamate receptors in EW neurons of chick than in pigeon, since it is known that the subtype containing the edited GluR2 subunit is not calcium permeable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudio A B Toledo
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, City University of São Paulo, SP 03071-000, São Paulo, Brazil.
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27
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Batista SS, Pires RS, Britto LRG. Differential expression of AMPA-type glutamate receptor subunits during development of the chick optic tectum. Braz J Med Biol Res 2002; 35:973-8. [PMID: 12185390 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2002000800015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate receptors have been often associated with developmental processes. We used immunohistochemical techniques to evaluate the expression of the AMPA-type glutamate receptor (GluR) subunits in the chick optic tectum (TeO). Chick embryos from the 5th through the 20th embryonic day (E5-E20) and one-day-old (P1) chicks were used. The three types of immunoreactivity evaluated (GluR1, GluR2/3, and GluR4) had different temporal and spatial expression patterns in the several layers of the TeO. The GluR1 subunit first appeared as moderate staining on E7 and then increased on E9. The mature GluR1 pattern included intense staining only in layer 5 of the TeO. The GluR2/3 subunits presented low expression on E5, which became intense on E7. The staining for GluR2/3 changed to very intense on E14 in tectal layer 13. Staining of layer 13 neurons is the most prominent feature of GluR immunoreactivity in the adult TeO. The GluR4 subunit generally presented the lowest expression starting on E7, which was similar to the adult pattern. Some instances of transient expression of GluR subunits were observed in specific cell populations from E9 through E20. These results demonstrate a differential expression of the GluR subunits in the embryonic TeO, adding information about their possible functions in the developmental processes of the visual system.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Batista
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
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28
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Dávila JC, Andreu MJ, Real MA, Puelles L, Guirado S. Mesencephalic and diencephalic afferent connections to the thalamic nucleus rotundus in the lizard, Psammodromus algirus. Eur J Neurosci 2002; 16:267-82. [PMID: 12169109 DOI: 10.1046/j.1460-9568.2002.02091.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The present work is an analysis of the afferent projections to the thalamic nucleus rotundus in a lizard, both at the light- and electron-microscopic level, using biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) as a neuroanatomical tracer. This study has confirmed previously reported afferent projections to nucleus rotundus in reptiles and has also identified a number of new cellular aggregates projecting to this dorsal thalamic nucleus. After BDA injections into nucleus rotundus, retrogradely labelled neurons were observed consistently within the following neuronal groups in the midbrain and the diencephalon: (i) the stratum griseum centrale of the optic tectum; (ii) the nucleus subpretectalis in the pretectum; (iii) the nucleus ansa lenticularis posterior, the posterior nucleus of the ventral supraoptic commissure, and the posteroventral nucleus, in the dorsal thalamus and (iv) the lateral suprachiasmatic nucleus and part of the reticular complex in the ventral thalamus. Tectal axons entering nucleus rotundus were fine and varicose and formed exclusively asymmetric synaptic contacts, mainly on small dendritic profiles. Rotundal neurons had symmetric synapses made by large boutons probably of nontectal origin. After comparing our results with those in other reptiles, birds and mammals, we propose that the sauropsidian nucleus rotundus forms part of a visual tectofugal pathway that conveys mesencephalic visual information to the striatum and dorsal ventricular ridge, and is similar to the mammalian colliculo-posterior/intralaminar-striatoamygdaloid pathway, the function of which may be to participate in visually guided behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Dávila
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, 29071 Spain
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29
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Nucleus isthmi, pars semilunaris as a key component of the tectofugal visual system in pigeons. J Comp Neurol 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.1058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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30
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Atoji Y, Yamamoto Y, Suzuki Y. Distribution of NADPH diaphorase-containing neurons in the pigeon central nervous system. J Chem Neuroanat 2001; 21:1-22. [PMID: 11173217 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-0618(00)00103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the distribution of nitric oxide-synthesizing neurons in the pigeon brain and spinal cord. Tissue sections were stained for reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d). In the telencephalon, intensely stained neurons with dendrites extending distally were seen in most regions. The ectostriatum was characterized by intensely and diffusely stained neuropil. In the diencephalon, intensely positive neurons were seen in the lateral hypothalamic region and lateral mammillary nucleus. In the mesencephalon, intensely stained, multipolar neurons were abundantly scattered in the central gray, nucleus intercollicularis, reticular formation, nucleus tegmenti pedunculo-pontinus, pars compacta, area ventralis of Tsai, and ansa lenticularis. In the rhombencephalon, positively-stained neurons were found in the pontine nuclei and reticular formation. The cerebellar cortex, except for Purkinje cells, was a preferential region for NADPH-d activity. Positive end-bulbs made contact on somata in the nucleus magnocellularis cochlearis. In the spinal cord, NADPH-d positive neurons were seen in layer II and the marginal nucleus. Our results demonstrated that the distribution of NADPH-d-containing neurons in the pigeon brain and spinal cord is more complex than in other avian species. Our findings indicate that NADPH-d-containing neurons are present in several sensory pathways, including olfactory, visual, auditory, and somatosensory tracts, although some nuclei in each system did not show NADPH-d activity. The wide distribution of NADPH-d activity in the pigeon CNS suggests that nitric oxide modulates sensory transmission in avian central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Atoji
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
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31
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Hellmann B, Güntürkün O. Structural organization of parallel information processing within the tectofugal visual system of the pigeon. J Comp Neurol 2001; 429:94-112. [PMID: 11086292 DOI: 10.1002/1096-9861(20000101)429:1<94::aid-cne8>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Visual information processing within the ascending tectofugal pathway to the forebrain undergoes essential rearrangements between the mesencephalic tectum opticum and the diencephalic nucleus rotundus of birds. The outer tectal layers constitute a two-dimensional map of the visual surrounding, whereas nucleus rotundus is characterized by functional domains in which different visual features such as movement, color, or luminance are processed in parallel. Morphologic correlates of this reorganization were investigated by means of focal injections of the neuronal tracer choleratoxin subunit B into different regions of the nuclei rotundus and triangularis of the pigeon. Dependent on the thalamic injection site, variations in the retrograde labeling pattern of ascending tectal efferents were observed. All rotundal projecting neurons were located within the deep tectal layer 13. Five different cell populations were distinguished that could be differentiated according to their dendritic ramifications within different retinorecipient laminae and their axons projecting to different subcomponents of the nucleus rotundus. Because retinorecipient tectal layers differ in their input from distinct classes of retinal ganglion cells, each tectorotundal cell type probably processes different aspects of the visual surrounding. Therefore, the differential input/output connections of the five tectorotundal cell groups might constitute the structural basis for spatially segregated parallel information processing of different stimulus aspects within the tectofugal visual system. Because two of five rotundal projecting cell groups additionally exhibited quantitative shifts along the dorsoventral extension of the tectum, data also indicate visual field-dependent alterations in information processing for particular visual features.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hellmann
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Fakultät für Psychologie, AE Biopsychologie, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
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32
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Cornil C, Foidart A, Minet A, Balthazart J. Immunocytochemical localization of ionotropic glutamate receptors subunits in the adult quail forebrain. J Comp Neurol 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1096-9861(20001225)428:4<577::aid-cne1>3.0.co;2-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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33
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Guirado S, D�vila JC, Real M�, Medina L. Light and electron microscopic evidence for projections from the thalamic nucleus rotundus to targets in the basal ganglia, the dorsal ventricular ridge, and the amygdaloid complex in a lizard. J Comp Neurol 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1096-9861(20000821)424:2<216::aid-cne3>3.0.co;2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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34
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Hellmann B, Güntürkün O. Visual-field-specific heterogeneity within the tecto-rotundal projection of the pigeon. Eur J Neurosci 1999; 11:2635-50. [PMID: 10457162 DOI: 10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00681.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The organization of the tecto-rotundal projection of the pigeon was investigated by means of anterograde and retrograde tracing techniques. Besides the known organization in tecto-rotundal connectivity, this study additionally demonstrates major variations in the ascending projections of different tectal subfields. We show that the ventral tectum opticum (TO) has significantly more projections onto the nucleus rotundus (Rt) than dorsal tectal areas. This difference coincides with differential innervation densities of afferent fibres within rotundal subregions. While ventral tectal efferents project onto the ventral and central Rt, dorsal tectal efferents mainly arborize within limited areas between the central Rt and its dorsal cap, the nucleus triangularis. Thus, the ventral TO, representing the lower and frontal field of view, exhibits a quantitatively and spatially enhanced projection onto the Rt, as compared with the dorsal TO. The data presented here demonstrate a visual field-dependent projection pattern of ascending tectal outputs onto different rotundal domains. The data are consistent with behavioural studies, demonstrating tectofugal lesions to suppress visual stimulus analysis mainly within the frontal field of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hellmann
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Fakultät für Psychology, AE Biopsychologie, Germany.
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35
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Pires RS, Ferro ES, Britto LR. Expression of the AMPA-type glutamate receptor subunits in the chick optic tectum changes biphasically after retinal deafferentation. Brain Res 1998; 810:283-7. [PMID: 9813371 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(98)00937-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Effects of retinal lesions on the expression of AMPA-type glutamate receptor (GluR) subunits in the chick optic tectum were evaluated with immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. Expression of GluR1 and GluR2/3 subunits decreased in the deafferented tectum after 2 days and increased after 7 days postlesion. These results suggest biphasic effects of retinal lesions upon the expression of GluR subunits, possibly due to removal of the glutamatergic input from the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Pires
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, 05508-900, São Paulo, S.P., Brazil
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