1
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Dev MJ, Mahajan GB, Warke RG, Warke GM, Patil TA, Satardekar MR, Dalvi RC, Singhal RS. Mutagenesis enhances gellan gum production by a novel Sphingomonas spp.: upstream optimization, kinetic modeling, and structural and physico-functional evaluation. Int Microbiol 2024; 27:459-476. [PMID: 37495894 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00399-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Gellan gum (GG) has gained tremendous attention owing to its diversified applications. However, its high production and hence market cost are still a bottleneck in its widespread utilization. In the present study, high GG producing mutant of Sphingomonas spp. was developed by random mutagenesis using ethyl methylsulphonate (EMS) for industrial fermentation and identified as Sphingomonas trueperi after 16S rRNA and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) analysis. The fermentation conditions such as pH, temperature, and inoculum ratio were optimized by one factor at a time (OFAT) followed by screening of medium components by the Plackett-Burman statistical design. The most critical nutrients were further optimized by response surface methodology for maximizing GG production. The effect of dissolved oxygen tension in bioreactor on cell growth, substrate consumption, GG production, and batch productivity was elucidated. The highest GG titer (23 ± 2.4 g/L) was attained in optimized medium at 10% inoculum (6.45 ± 0.5 log cfu/mL) under controlled fermentation conditions of pH (7), temperature (30 °C), agitation (300-600 rpm), and aeration (0.5-2.0 SLPM) at 22 ± 2% dissolved oxygen tension in a 10-L bioreactor. Kinetic modeling of optimized batch process revealed that logistic growth model could best explain biomass accumulation, while GG formation and substrate consumption were best explained by Luedeking-Piret and exponential decay model, respectively. Structural and physico-functional features of GG produced by mutant Sphingomonas spp. were characterized by HPLC, FTIR, NMR, DSC, TGA, GPC, SEM, and rheological analysis. The higher productivity (0.51 g/L/h) under optimized fermentation conditions suggests potential consideration of mutant and process for commercial utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj J Dev
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India
- Department of Microbiology, HiMedia Laboratories Pvt. Ltd, Mumbai, India
| | - Girish B Mahajan
- Department of Microbiology, HiMedia Laboratories Pvt. Ltd, Mumbai, India
| | - Rahul G Warke
- Department of Microbiology, HiMedia Laboratories Pvt. Ltd, Mumbai, India
| | - Gangadhar M Warke
- Department of Microbiology, HiMedia Laboratories Pvt. Ltd, Mumbai, India
| | - Tanuja A Patil
- Department of Microbiology, HiMedia Laboratories Pvt. Ltd, Mumbai, India
| | - Milan R Satardekar
- Department of Microbiology, HiMedia Laboratories Pvt. Ltd, Mumbai, India
| | - Rachana C Dalvi
- Department of Microbiology, HiMedia Laboratories Pvt. Ltd, Mumbai, India
| | - Rekha S Singhal
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India.
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Cai Z, Guo Y, Ma A, Zhang H. NMR analysis of the side-group substituents in welan gum in comparison to gellan gum. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127847. [PMID: 37924910 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
The physicochemical properties and applications of polysaccharides are highly dependent on their chemical structures, including the monosaccharide composition, degree of substitution, and position of substituent groups in the backbone. The occurrence of side groups or side chains in the chain backbone of polysaccharides is often an essential factor influencing their conformational and physicochemical properties. Welan gum produced by the fermentation of Sphingomonas sp. ATCC 31555 microorganisms has been widely used in food, construction, and oil drilling fields. While understanding the physicochemical properties of welan gum solution has been highly developed, there is still little information about the determination strategy of the glycosyl side groups in welan gum. In this study, the NMR method was established to quantitatively determine the substituent groups in the chain backbone of welan gum. The delicate chemical structures of welan gum obtained at different fermentation conditions were clarified. The composition and content of side substituents were also identified by high-performance liquid chromatography to confirm the accuracy of NMR analysis. The quantitative determination of substituent groups in gellan gum based on NMR analysis was also elaborated for comparison. This work provides insights for profoundly understanding the structure-function relationship of welan gum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Cai
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yalong Guo
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Aiqin Ma
- Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201499, China.
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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3
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Methylene blue removal from aqueous solutions using a biochar/gellan gum hydrogel composite: Effect of agitation mode on sorption kinetics. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 232:123355. [PMID: 36682653 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogel membranes are prepared by casting a mixture of gellan gum (associated with PVA) and biochar produced from a local Egyptian plant. The mesoporous material is characterized by a specific surface area close to 134 m2 g-1, a residue of 28 % (at 800 °C), and a pHPZC close to 6.43. After grinding, the material is tested for Methylene Blue sorption at pH 10.5: sorption capacity reaches 1.70 mmol MB g-1 (synergistic effect of the precursors). The sorption isotherms are fitted by both Langmuir and Sips eqs. MB sorption increases with temperature: the sorption is endothermic (∆H°: 12.9 kJ mol-1), with positive entropy (∆S°: 125 J mol-1 K-1). Uptake kinetics are controlled by agitation speed (optimum ≈200 rpm) and resistance to intraparticle diffusion. The profiles are strongly affected by the mode of agitation: the equilibrium time (≈180 min) is reduced to 20-30 min under sonication (especially at frequency: 80 kHz). The mode of agitation controls the best fitting equation: pseudo-first order rate agitation for mechanical agitation contrary to pseudo-second order rate under sonication. The sorption of MB is poorly affected by ionic strength (loss <6 % in 45 g L-1 NaCl solution). Desorption (faster than sorption) is completely achieved using 0.7 M HCl solution. At the sixth recycling, the loss in sorption is close to 5 % (≈ decrease in desorption efficiency). The process is successfully applied for the treatment of MB-spiked industrial solution: the color index decreases by >97 % with a sorbent dose close to 1 g L-1; a higher dose is required for maximum reduction of the COD (60 % at 3 g L-1).
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Baawad A, Jacho D, Hamil T, Yildirim-Ayan E, Kim DS. Polysaccharide-Based Composite Scaffolds for Osteochondral and Enthesis Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2023; 29:123-140. [PMID: 36181352 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2022.0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The rotator cuff and Achilles tendons along with the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) are frequently injured with limited healing capacity. At the soft-hard tissue interface, enthesis is prone to get damaged and its regeneration in osteochondral defects is essential for complete healing. The current clinical techniques used in suturing procedures to reattach tendons to bones need much improvement for the generation of the native interface tissue, that is, enthesis, for patients to regain their full functions. Recently, inspired by the composite native tissue, much effort has been made to fabricate composite scaffolds for enthesis tissue regeneration. This review first focuses on the studies that used composite scaffolds for the regeneration of enthesis. Then, the use of polysaccharides for osteochondral tissue engineering is reviewed and their potential for enthesis regeneration is presented based on their supporting effects on osteogenesis and chondrogenesis. Gellan gum (GG) is selected and reviewed as a promising polysaccharide due to its unique osteogenic and chondrogenic activities that help avoid the inherent weakness of dissimilar materials in composite scaffolds. In addition, original preliminary results showed that GG supports collagen type I production and upregulation of osteogenic marker genes. Impact Statement Enthesis regeneration is essential for complete and functional healing of tendon and ligament tissues. Current suturing techniques to reattach the tendon/ligament to bones have high failure rates. This review highlights the studies on biomimetic scaffolds aimed to regenerate enthesis. In addition, the potential of using polysaccharides to regenerate enthesis is discussed based on their ability to regenerate osteochondral tissues. Gellan gum is presented as a promising biopolymer that can be modified to simultaneously support bone and cartilage regeneration by providing structural continuity for the scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Baawad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Diego Jacho
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Taijah Hamil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Eda Yildirim-Ayan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Dong-Shik Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
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Balíková K, Farkas B, Matúš P, Urík M. Prospects of Biogenic Xanthan and Gellan in Removal of Heavy Metals from Contaminated Waters. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235326. [PMID: 36501719 PMCID: PMC9737242 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosorption is considered an effective technique for the treatment of heavy-metal-bearing wastewaters. In recent years, various biogenic products, including native and functionalized biopolymers, have been successfully employed in technologies aiming for the environmentally sustainable immobilization and removal of heavy metals at contaminated sites, including two commercially available heteropolysaccharides-xanthan and gellan. As biodegradable and non-toxic fermentation products, xanthan and gellan have been successfully tested in various remediation techniques. Here, to highlight their prospects as green adsorbents for water decontamination, we have reviewed their biosynthesis machinery and chemical properties that are linked to their sorptive interactions, as well as their actual performance in the remediation of heavy metal contaminated waters. Their sorptive performance in native and modified forms is promising; thus, both xanthan and gellan are emerging as new green-based materials for the cost-effective and efficient remediation of heavy metal-contaminated waters.
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Manzoor A, Dar AH, Pandey VK, Shams R, Khan S, Panesar PS, Kennedy JF, Fayaz U, Khan SA. Recent insights into polysaccharide-based hydrogels and their potential applications in food sector: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 213:987-1006. [PMID: 35705126 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels are ideal for various food applications because of their softness, elasticity, absorbent nature, flexibility, and hygroscopic nature. Polysaccharide hydrogels are particularly suitable because of the hydrophilic nature, their food compatibility, and their non-immunogenic character. Such hydrogels offer a wide range of successful applications such as food preservation, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and food packaging. Additionally, polysaccharide hydrogels have proven to play a significant role in the formulation of food flavor carrier systems, thus diversifying the horizons of newer developments in food processing sector. Polysaccharide hydrogels are comprised of natural polymers such as alginate, chitosan, starch, pectin and hyaluronic acid when crosslinked physically or chemically. Hydrogels with interchangeable, antimicrobial and barrier properties are referred to as smart hydrogels. This review brings together the recent and relevant polysaccharide research in these polysaccharide hydrogel applications areas and seeks to point the way forward for future research and interventions. Applications in carrying out the process of flavor carrier system directly through their incorporation in food matrices, broadening the domain for food application innovations. The classification and important features of polysaccharide-based hydrogels in food processing are the topics of the current review study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshied Manzoor
- Department of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, A.M.U., Aligarh, 202002, UP, India
| | - Aamir Hussain Dar
- Department of Food Technology, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Kashmir 1921222, India.
| | - Vinay Kumar Pandey
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, UP, India
| | - Rafeeya Shams
- Division of Food Science and Technology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, 180009, India
| | - Sadeeya Khan
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Parmjit S Panesar
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology Longowal, 148106, Punjab, India
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratories, Kyrewood House, Tenbury Wells, Worcestershire WR15 8SG, United Kingdom
| | - Ufaq Fayaz
- Division of Food Science and Technology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Kashmir 190025, India
| | - Shafat Ahmad Khan
- Department of Food Technology, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Kashmir 1921222, India
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Baawad A, Dhameri S, Park J, Murphy K, Kim DS. Rheological properties and decomposition rates of Gellan gum/hyaluronic acid/β-tricalcium phosphate mixtures. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 211:15-25. [PMID: 35537591 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The effects of β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) on the mixture of low acyl gellan gum (LA-GAGR) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were investigated for the rheological properties and decomposition rates. All the tested mixture samples exhibited shear-thinning and typical viscoelastic behaviors. The sample made with 1.0% TCP and 0.30% LA-GAGR had the highest viscosity and loss and storage moduli and displayed gel-like behavior with the highest swelling capacity. The same mixture also exhibited the lowest average cumulative decomposition rate. High concentrations of LA-GAGR and TCP increased the degree of cross-linking of the polysaccharides, and as a result, the mixture was more elastic and less fluidic and decomposed slower. The samples prepared by gradual mixing of LA-GAGR and TCP decomposed slower than the sample prepared by sudden mixing, which indicates the well-dispersed TCP enhanced cross-linking of the polymers. This study demonstrates the possible applicability of natural polysaccharide-based shear-thinning gels for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Baawad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Sulaiman Dhameri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Joshua Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Kelsey Murphy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Dong-Shik Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
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8
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Kamer DDA, Gumus T, Palabiyik I, Demirci AS, Oksuz O. The fermentation-based production of gellan from rice bran and the evaluation of various qualitative properties of gum. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:841-849. [PMID: 35358576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The potential for the use of rice bran, an agricultural waste, as a substrate in the manufacture of gellan gum was examined. Using a standard strain of Sphingomonas paucimobilis (ATCC 31461) and rice bran substrate, gellan gum was produced under optimized conditions. The optimal yield of gellan gum using rice bran substrate was found to be 11.96 g L-1 with 5% glucose, 10% inoculum, and a mixing speed of 300 rpm. Native gum was found to have a consistency index of 2.00 Pa.sn. The viscosity of the gum was found to be extremely stable when exposed to thermal stress. Concerning the rheological characteristics, the Herschel-Bulkley model offered a more realistic representation of the flow characteristics of gum solutions. The synthesized gums were mostly composed of glucose, rhamnose, and glucuronic acid. The acetic acid content of gellan gums was 2.95%, while the molecular weight was 2.88 × 105 Da. Characterization of native gellan gums by UV-Vis spectroscopy, SEM, TEM and FTIR spectroscopy is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tuncay Gumus
- Department of Food Engineering, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, 59030 Tekirdag, Turkey.
| | - Ibrahim Palabiyik
- Department of Food Engineering, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, 59030 Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Sukru Demirci
- Department of Food Engineering, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, 59030 Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Omer Oksuz
- Department of Food Engineering, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, 59030 Tekirdag, Turkey
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9
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Huang H, Lin J, Wang W, Li S. Biopolymers Produced by Sphingomonas Strains and Their Potential Applications in Petroleum Production. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091920. [PMID: 35567089 PMCID: PMC9104527 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Sphingomonas was established by Yabuuchi et al. in 1990, and has attracted much attention in recent years due to its unique ability to degrade environmental pollutants. Some Sphingomonas species can secrete high-molecular-weight extracellular polymers called sphingans, most of which are acidic heteropolysaccharides. Typical sphingans include welan gum, gellan gum, and diutan gum. Most sphingans have a typical, conserved main chain structure, and differences of side chain groups lead to different rheological characteristics, such as shear thinning, temperature or salt resistance, and viscoelasticity. In petroleum production applications, sphingans, and their structurally modified derivatives can replace partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in high-temperature and high-salt reservoirs, while also being able to replace guar gum as a fracturing fluid thickener. This paper focuses on the applications of sphingans and their derivatives in EOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolin Huang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jiangpu Campus, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China;
| | - Junzhang Lin
- Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering and Technology, Shengli Oilfield Company, Sinopec, Dongying 257000, China; (J.L.); (W.W.)
| | - Weidong Wang
- Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering and Technology, Shengli Oilfield Company, Sinopec, Dongying 257000, China; (J.L.); (W.W.)
| | - Shuang Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jiangpu Campus, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-25-5813-9942
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Tomasello L, Fiorica C, Mauceri R, Martorana A, Palumbo FS, Pitarresi G, Pizzolanti G, Campisi G, Giordano C, Cavallaro G. Bioactive Scaffolds Based on Amine-Functionalized Gellan Gum for the Osteogenic Differentiation of Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2022; 4:1805-1815. [DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.1c01586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tomasello
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro” (ProMISE), Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine “Aldo Galluzzo”, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127, University of Palermo, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Calogero Fiorica
- Department of Biological Chemical and Technological Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Laboratory of Biocompatible Polymers, via Archirafi 32, 90123, University of Palermo, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Mauceri
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences (Di.Chir.On.S.), Via Liborio Giuffrè, 590127, University of Palermo, Palermo 90133, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Messina 98122, Italy
- Department of Dental Surgery, Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Malta, Msida 2080, Malta
| | - Annalisa Martorana
- Department of Biological Chemical and Technological Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Laboratory of Biocompatible Polymers, via Archirafi 32, 90123, University of Palermo, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Fabio Salvatore Palumbo
- Department of Biological Chemical and Technological Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Laboratory of Biocompatible Polymers, via Archirafi 32, 90123, University of Palermo, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Giovanna Pitarresi
- Department of Biological Chemical and Technological Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Laboratory of Biocompatible Polymers, via Archirafi 32, 90123, University of Palermo, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pizzolanti
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro” (ProMISE), Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine “Aldo Galluzzo”, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127, University of Palermo, Palermo 90133, Italy
- Advanced Technology and Network Center (ATeN Center), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze ed. 18/A, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Campisi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences (Di.Chir.On.S.), Via Liborio Giuffrè, 590127, University of Palermo, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Carla Giordano
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro” (ProMISE), Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine “Aldo Galluzzo”, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127, University of Palermo, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Gennara Cavallaro
- Department of Biological Chemical and Technological Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Laboratory of Biocompatible Polymers, via Archirafi 32, 90123, University of Palermo, Palermo 90133, Italy
- Advanced Technology and Network Center (ATeN Center), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze ed. 18/A, Palermo 90133, Italy
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Fenton T, Gholamipour-Shirazi A, Daffner K, Mills T, Pelan E. Formulation and additive manufacturing of polysaccharide-surfactant hybrid gels as gelatin analogues in food applications. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Iñiguez-Moreno M, Ragazzo-Sánchez JA, Calderón-Santoyo M. An Extensive Review of Natural Polymers Used as Coatings for Postharvest Shelf-Life Extension: Trends and Challenges. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193271. [PMID: 34641086 PMCID: PMC8512484 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Global demand for minimally processed fruits and vegetables is increasing due to the tendency to acquire a healthy lifestyle. Losses of these foods during the chain supply reach as much as 30%; reducing them represents a challenge for the industry and scientific sectors. The use of edible packaging based on biopolymers is an alternative to mitigate the negative impact of conventional films and coatings on environmental and human health. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that natural coatings added with functional compounds reduce the post-harvest losses of fruits and vegetables without altering their sensorial and nutritive properties. Furthermore, the enhancement of their mechanical, structural, and barrier properties can be achieved through mixing two or more biopolymers to form composite coatings and adding plasticizers and/or cross-linking agents. This review shows the latest updates, tendencies, and challenges in the food industry to develop eco-friendly food packaging from diverse natural sources, added with bioactive compounds, and their effect on perishable foods. Moreover, the methods used in the food industry and the new techniques used to coat foods such as electrospinning and electrospraying are also discussed. Finally, the tendency and challenges in the development of edible films and coatings for fresh foods are reviewed.
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13
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Baawad A, Rice C, Hamil T, Murphy K, Park J, Kim DS. Molecular weight effects of low acyl gellan gum on antioxidant capacity and rheological properties. J Food Sci 2021; 86:4275-4287. [PMID: 34435362 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The current study investigated the antioxidant capacity of enzymatically cleaved low acyl gellan gum (LA-GAGR) fragments, named midi-GAGR (MWv : 1.2 × 105 Da) and mini-GAGR (MWv : 2.5 × 104 Da). Three different methods-hydroxide assay, superoxide assay, and DPPH assay-were used to measure the antioxidant capacity of the low acyl gellan gum fragments. Both mini-GAGR and midi-GAGR showed similar antioxidant capacities, 27.1% and 25.6%, respectively, for hydroxide radicals, whereas ascorbic acid showed 9.8%. For superoxide radicals, the fragments scavenged 41.7% (mini) and 35.6% (midi) of free radicals compared to 10.6% removal by ascorbic acid. Mini- and midi-GAGR displayed modest scavenging capabilities with DPPH radicals (8.5% and 6.6%, respectively) as compared to ascorbic acid (96.3%). Both midi- and mini-GAGR showed less gel-like behaviors than LA-GAGR. Midi-GAGR was observed to have a transition from liquid to gel at 63 rad/s. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The results in the manuscript are helpful when gellan gum and its derivatives are directly applied to food processing as a dietary fiber supplement or a stabilizer for functional beverages. The antioxidant capacity results can be used to promote the functionality of gellan gum as a food additive and for controlling cell adhesion and growth on gellan gum scaffolds. The rheology results will be useful for synthesis of scaffolds for bone tissue generation and facilitating clinical treatments when gellan gum is injected as an adsorbent or a filler for treating bone fractures. In the pharmaceutical industry, they are useful when controlling the therapeutic effects of drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Baawad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Clayton Rice
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Taijah Hamil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Kelsey Murphy
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Joshua Park
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Dong-Shik Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA
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14
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Altan Kamer DD, Gumus T, Palabiyik I, Demirci AS, Oksuz O. Grape pomace as a promising source for gellan gum production. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Lavikainen J, Dauletbekova M, Toleutay G, Kaliva M, Chatzinikolaidou M, Kudaibergenov SE, Tenkovtsev A, Khutoryanskiy VV, Vamvakaki M, Aseyev V. Poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) grafted gellan gum for potential application in transmucosal drug delivery. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria Kaliva
- Department of Materials Science and Technology University of Crete Crete Greece
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas Crete Greece
| | - Maria Chatzinikolaidou
- Department of Materials Science and Technology University of Crete Crete Greece
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas Crete Greece
| | | | - Andrey Tenkovtsev
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Saint Petersburg Russian Federation
| | | | - Maria Vamvakaki
- Department of Materials Science and Technology University of Crete Crete Greece
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas Crete Greece
| | - Vladimir Aseyev
- Department of Chemistry University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
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16
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Effect of pH variation and crosslinker absence on the gelling mechanism of high acyl gellan: Morphological, thermal and mechanical approaches. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 251:117002. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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17
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NithyaBalaSundari S, Nivedita V, Chakravarthy M, Srisowmeya G, Antony U, Nandhini Dev G. Characterization of microbial polysaccharides and prebiotic enrichment of wheat bread with pullulan. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.109002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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18
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Palumbo FS, Federico S, Pitarresi G, Fiorica C, Giammona G. Gellan gum-based delivery systems of therapeutic agents and cells. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 229:115430. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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19
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Xu L, Qiu Z, Gong H, Zhu C, Li Z, Li Y, Dong M. Rheological behaviors of microbial polysaccharides with different substituents in aqueous solutions: Effects of concentration, temperature, inorganic salt and surfactant. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 219:162-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Vieira S, da Silva Morais A, Garet E, Silva-Correia J, Reis RL, González-Fernández Á, Miguel Oliveira J. Self-mineralizing Ca-enriched methacrylated gellan gum beads for bone tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2019; 93:74-85. [PMID: 30708066 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, methacrylated gellan-gum (GG-MA) heteropolysaccharide is proposed as a hydrogel for drug delivery and bone tissue engineering applications. Calcium-enriched beads obtained from the crosslinking of 1% (w/v) GG-MA solutions with 0.1 MCaCl2 were investigated, considering their intrinsic capacity to promote self-mineralization by ion binding and deposition. Indeed, when immersed in a physiological environment, the Ca-enriched beads promoted the development of a bone-like apatite layer, as confirmed by EDS and XRD chemical analysis. Additionally, the mild production process is compatible with drugs incorporation and release. After encapsulation, Dextran with different molecular weights as well as Dexamethasone 21-phosphate were efficiently released to the surrounding environment. The engineered system was also evaluated considering its biocompatibility, by means of qualitative determination of total complement activation, macrophage proliferation, cytokine release and in vitro cell culture. These experiments showed that the developed hydrogels may not stimulate a disproportionate pro-inflammatory reaction once transplanted. At last, when implanted subcutaneously in CD1 male mice up to 8 weeks, the beads were completely calcified, and no inflammatory reaction was observed. Summing up, these results show that calcium-enriched GG-MA hydrogel beads hold great potential as news tools for bone tissue regeneration and local drug delivery applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This work describes a low-cost and straightforward strategy to prepare bioactive methacrylated gellan gum (GG-MA) hydrogels, which can be used as drug delivery systems. GG-MA is a highly anionic polymer, that can be crosslinked with divalent ions, as calcium. Taking advantage of this feature, it was possible to prepare Ca-enriched GG-MA hydrogel beads. These beads display a bioactive behavior, since they promote apatite deposition when placed in physiological conditions. Studies on the immune response suggest that the developed beads do not trigger severe immune responses. Importantly, the mild processing method render these beads compliant with drug delivery strategies, paving the way for the application of dual-functional materials on bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Vieira
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Alain da Silva Morais
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Elina Garet
- Immunology, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CINBIO) (Centro Singular de Investigación de Galicia 2016-2019) & Galicia-Sur Health Research Institute (IIS-GS), University Campus, Vigo, Pontevedra 36310, Spain
| | - Joana Silva-Correia
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, AvePark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, AvePark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - África González-Fernández
- Immunology, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CINBIO) (Centro Singular de Investigación de Galicia 2016-2019) & Galicia-Sur Health Research Institute (IIS-GS), University Campus, Vigo, Pontevedra 36310, Spain
| | - J Miguel Oliveira
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, AvePark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
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21
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A New Chemical Marker-Model Food System for Heating Pattern Determination of Microwave-Assisted Pasteurization Processes. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-018-2097-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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Detection of Sphingomonas paucimobilis and antibacterial activity of Prosopis farcta extracts on it. KARBALA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kijoms.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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23
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Safronov AP, Tyukova IS, Kurlyandskaya GV. Coil-to-helix transition of gellan in dilute solutions is a two-step process. Food Hydrocoll 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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24
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Hu B, Lu Y, Zhao Q, Matsukawa S. A study on the gelation behavior of solutions of native gellan, deacylated gellan, and their mixture by water 1H T2 measurements. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Structure and chain conformation characteristics of high acyl gellan gum polysaccharide in DMSO with sodium nitrate. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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26
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Maiti S. Engineered Gellan Polysaccharides in the Design of Controlled Drug Delivery Systems. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-1762-7.ch010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides are getting increasing attention in the development of pharmaceutical dosage forms due to their encouraging reports on nontoxicity and biodegradability. Natural gums can also be engineered to have better materials for drug delivery system design. Gellan gum originates from microbial fermentation and has been declared as safe by US FDA for human consumption. It possesses gelling ability in presence of multivalent earth metal cations and thus enabled the design of mutiparticulate drug delivery systems in completely aqueous environment avoiding the use of organic solvents. Due to faster drug release profiles of divalent cation-induced gellan gum particles, nowadays chemically modified forms of gellan polysaccharide are currently being investigated for the controlled release of drugs. This chapter discusses the factors contributing to the varying gelling characteristics of gellan gum and the recent developments in its chemical modification towards the fabrication of novel controlled drug delivery devices.
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27
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Buldo P, Benfeldt C, Carey JP, Folkenberg DM, Jensen HB, Sieuwerts S, Vlachvei K, Ipsen R. Interactions of milk proteins with low and high acyl gellan: Effect on microstructure and textural properties of acidified milk. Food Hydrocoll 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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28
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Ikeda S, Henry K. Effects of Partial Replacement of Gelatin in High Sugar Gels with Gellan on their Textural, Rhelogical, and Thermal Properties. FOOD BIOPHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11483-016-9454-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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29
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Paiva D, Gonçalves C, Vale I, Bastos MMSM, Magalhães FD. Oxidized Xanthan Gum and Chitosan as Natural Adhesives for Cork. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:polym8070259. [PMID: 30974538 PMCID: PMC6431876 DOI: 10.3390/polym8070259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural cork stopper manufacturing produces a significant amount of cork waste, which is granulated and combined with synthetic glues for use in a wide range of applications. There is a high demand for using biosourced polymers in these composite materials. In this study, xanthan gum (XG) and chitosan (CS) were investigated as possible natural binders for cork. Xanthan gum was oxidized at two different aldehyde contents as a strategy to improve its water resistance. This modification was studied in detail by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and the degree of oxidation was determined by the hydroxylamine hydrochloride titration method. The performance of the adhesives was studied by tensile tests and total soluble matter (TSM) determinations. Xanthan gum showed no water resistance, contrary to oxidized xanthan gum and chitosan. It is hypothesized that the good performance of oxidized xanthan gum is due to the reaction of aldehyde groups—formed in the oxidation process—with hydroxyl groups on the cork surface during the high temperature drying. Combining oxidized xanthan gum with chitosan did not yield significant improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Paiva
- LEPABE⁻Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Carolina Gonçalves
- LEPABE⁻Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Isabel Vale
- LEPABE⁻Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Margarida M S M Bastos
- LEPABE⁻Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Fernão D Magalhães
- LEPABE⁻Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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30
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Fiume MM, Heldreth B, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Andersen FA. Safety Assessment of Microbial Polysaccharide Gums as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2016; 35:5S-49S. [DOI: 10.1177/1091581816651606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel assessed the safety of 34 microbial polysaccharide gums for use in cosmetics, finding that these ingredients are safe in cosmetic formulations in the present practices of use and concentration. The microbial polysaccharide gums named in this report have a variety of reported functions in cosmetics, including emulsion stabilizer, film former, binder, viscosity-increasing agent, and skin-conditioning agent. The Panel reviewed available animal and clinical data in making its determination of safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monice M. Fiume
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Scientific Analyst/Writer, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bart Heldreth
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Chemist, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Wilma F. Bergfeld
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Donald V. Belsito
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald A. Hill
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Curtis D. Klaassen
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Daniel C. Liebler
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - James G. Marks
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald C. Shank
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Thomas J. Slaga
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paul W. Snyder
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Member, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
| | - F. Alan Andersen
- Former Director, Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC, USA
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31
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High acyl gellan as an emulsion stabilizer. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 139:115-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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32
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Tako M, kitajima S, Yogi T, Uechi K, Onaga M, Tamaki Y, Uechi S. Structure-Function Relationship of a Gellan Family of Polysaccharide, S-198 Gum, Produced by Alcaligenes ATCC31853. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/abc.2016.63007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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33
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Murillo-Martínez MM, Tecante A. Thermal stability and transition temperatures of monovalent salts of high-acyl gellan gels. Int J Food Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María M. Murillo-Martínez
- Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnología; Facultad de Química; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Cd. Universitaria, D.F. México 04510 México
| | - Alberto Tecante
- Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnología; Facultad de Química; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Cd. Universitaria, D.F. México 04510 México
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34
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Whitfield GB, Marmont LS, Howell PL. Enzymatic modifications of exopolysaccharides enhance bacterial persistence. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:471. [PMID: 26029200 PMCID: PMC4432689 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are surface-attached communities of bacterial cells embedded in a self-produced matrix that are found ubiquitously in nature. The biofilm matrix is composed of various extracellular polymeric substances, which confer advantages to the encapsulated bacteria by protecting them from eradication. The matrix composition varies between species and is dependent on the environmental niche that the bacteria inhabit. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) play a variety of important roles in biofilm formation in numerous bacterial species. The ability of bacteria to thrive in a broad range of environmental settings is reflected in part by the structural diversity of the EPS produced both within individual bacterial strains as well as by different species. This variability is achieved through polymerization of distinct sugar moieties into homo- or hetero-polymers, as well as post-polymerization modification of the polysaccharide. Specific enzymes that are unique to the production of each polymer can transfer or remove non-carbohydrate moieties, or in other cases, epimerize the sugar units. These modifications alter the physicochemical properties of the polymer, which in turn can affect bacterial pathogenicity, virulence, and environmental adaptability. Herein, we review the diversity of modifications that the EPS alginate, the Pel polysaccharide, Vibrio polysaccharide, cepacian, glycosaminoglycans, and poly-N-acetyl-glucosamine undergo during biosynthesis. These are EPS produced by human pathogenic bacteria for which studies have begun to unravel the effect modifications have on their physicochemical and biological properties. The biological advantages these polymer modifications confer to the bacteria that produce them will be discussed. The expanding list of identified modifications will allow future efforts to focus on linking these modifications to specific biosynthetic genes and biofilm phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory B Whitfield
- Program in Molecular Structure and Function, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto, ON, Canada ; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lindsey S Marmont
- Program in Molecular Structure and Function, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto, ON, Canada ; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - P Lynne Howell
- Program in Molecular Structure and Function, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto, ON, Canada ; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
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35
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Zhang W, Luan D, Tang J, Sablani SS, Rasco B, Lin H, Liu F. Dielectric properties and other physical properties of low-acyl gellan gel as relevant to microwave assisted pasteurization process. J FOOD ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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36
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Kang D, Zhang HB, Nitta Y, Fang YP, Nishinari K. Gellan. POLYSACCHARIDES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-03751-6_20-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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38
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39
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Murillo-Martínez MM, Tecante A. Preparation of the sodium salt of high acyl gellan and characterization of its structure, thermal and rheological behaviors. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 108:313-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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40
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A comparison of genes involved in sphingan biosynthesis brought up to date. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:7719-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5940-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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41
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Brenner T, Shimizu M, Nantarajit P, Matsukawa S. Side-by-side aggregation number of network-forming gellan aggregates as inferred from gradient NMR measurements. Food Hydrocoll 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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42
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Bagheri L, Mousavi ME, Madadlou A. Stability and Rheological Properties of Suspended Pulp Particles Containing Orange Juice Stabilized by Gellan Gum. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2013.834422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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43
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Gellan. POLYSACCHARIDES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-03751-6_20-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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44
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Gonzalez RE, Salazar JA, Pérez JA. Obtención de microcapsulas de tamaño controlado conteniendo Lactococcus lactis, utilizando mezclas de gelanos de alto y bajo acilo. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE BIOTECNOLOGÍA 2013. [DOI: 10.15446/rev.colomb.biote.v15n2.35808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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45
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De Silva DA, Poole-Warren LA, Martens PJ, in het Panhuis M. Mechanical characteristics of swollen gellan gum hydrogels. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Awanthi De Silva
- Soft Materials Group; School of Chemistry; University of Wollongong; Wollongong; New South Wales; 2522; Australia
| | - Laura A. Poole-Warren
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering; The University of New South Wales; Sydney; 2052; Australia
| | - Penny J. Martens
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering; The University of New South Wales; Sydney; 2052; Australia
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46
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Flores-Huicochea E, Rodríguez-Hernández AI, Espinosa-Solares T, Tecante A. Sol-gel transition temperatures of high acyl gellan with monovalent and divalent cations from rheological measurements. Food Hydrocoll 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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47
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