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Rashid A, Qayum A, Liang Q, Kang L, Ekumah JN, Han X, Ren X, Ma H. Exploring the potential of pullulan-based films and coatings for effective food preservation: A comprehensive analysis of properties, activation strategies and applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129479. [PMID: 38237831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Pullulan is naturally occurring polysaccharide exhibited potential applications for food preservation has gained increasing attention over the last half-century. Recent studies focused on efficient preservation and targeted inhibition using active composite ingredients and advanced technologies. This has led to the emergence of pullulan-based biofilm preservation. This review extensively studied the characteristics of pullulan-based films and coatings, including their mechanical strength, water vapor permeability, thermal stability, and potential as a microbial agent. Furthermore, the distinct characteristics of pullulan, production methods, and activation strategies, such as pullulan derivatization, various compounded ingredients (plant extracts, microorganisms, and animal additives), and other technologies (e.g., ultrasound), are thoroughly studied for the functional property enhancement of pullulan-based films and coatings, ensuring optimal preservation conditions for diverse food products. Additionally, we explore hypotheses that further illuminate pullulan's potential as an eco-friendly bioactive material for food packaging applications. In addition, this review evaluates various methods to improve the efficiency of the film-forming mechanism, such as improving the direct coating process, bioactive packaging films, and implementing layer-by-layer coatings. Finally, current analyses put forward suggestions for future advancement in pullulan-based bioactive films, with the aim of expanding their range of potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Rashid
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Abdul Qayum
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Qiufang Liang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Lixin Kang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - John-Nelson Ekumah
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Xu Han
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Ren
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China.
| | - Haile Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
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Chen X, Wang Y, Zhang XT, Wu YN, Zhang XL, Zhang GC, Wang CL, Zou X, Wang DH, Wei GY. MAL31, a sugar transporter involved in pullulan biosynthesis in Aureobasidium pullulans. J Biotechnol 2022; 359:176-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Advances in pullulan production from agro-based wastes by Aureobasidium pullulans and its applications. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2021.102846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Cui Y, Liu X, Yi J, Kang Q, Hao L, Lu J. Cognition of polysaccharides from confusion to clarity: when the next "omic" will come? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-16. [PMID: 34845952 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2007045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
With the accelerated pace of modern life, people are facing more and more health pressure. The study of polysaccharides seemed a good choice as a potential treasure trove. Polysaccharides, one of the four basic substances (proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates) that constitute life activities, are obviously an underrated macromolecular substance with great potential. Compared with protein and nucleic acid, the research of polysaccharides is still in the primary stage. The relationship between structure and function of polysaccharides is not clear. In this review, we highlighted the main methods of extraction, purification and structure identification of polysaccharides; summarized their biological activities including immunoregulation, hypoglycemic, anti-tumor, anti-virus, anti-coagulation, and so on. Particularly, the relationship between their structures and activities was described. In addition, the applications of polysaccharides in health food, medicine and cosmetics were also reviewed. This review can help polysaccharide researchers quickly understand the whole process of polysaccharides research, and also provide a reference for the comprehensive utilization of polysaccharides. We need to standardize the research of polysaccharides to make the experimental data more universal, and take it as important references in the review process. Glycomic may appear as the next "omic" after genomic and proteomic in the future. This review provides support for the advancement of glycomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxin Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Chemical Engineering, Joint Research Center for Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Juanjuan Yi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiaozhen Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Limin Hao
- Institute of Quartermaster Engineering and Technology, Academy of Military Sciences PLA China, Beijing, China
| | - Jike Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Pullulan biosynthesis and its regulation in Aureobasidium spp. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 251:117076. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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A multidomain α-glucan synthetase 2 (AmAgs2) is the key enzyme for pullulan biosynthesis in Aureobasidium melanogenum P16. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 150:1037-1045. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Ruiz-Herrera J, Ortiz-Castellanos L. Cell wall glucans of fungi. A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 5:100022. [PMID: 32743138 PMCID: PMC7389562 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcsw.2019.100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Glucans are the most abundant compounds in the fungal cell walls. The most common type of glucose bonding is 1 → 3, both alpha and beta. Microfibrillar glucans with chitin provide rigidity to the fungal wall. Fungal beta glucans act as PAMPS during infection of animals and plants.
Glucans are the most abundant polysaccharides in the cell walls of fungi, and their structures are highly variable. Accordingly, their glucose moieties may be joined through either or both alpha (α) or beta (β) linkages, they are either lineal or branched, and amorphous or microfibrillar. Alpha 1,3 glucans sensu strictu (pseudonigerans) are the most abundant alpha glucans present in the cell walls of fungi, being restricted to dikarya. They exist in the form of structural microfibrils that provide resistance to the cell wall. The structure of beta glucans is more complex. They are linear or branched, and contain mostly β 1,3 and β 1,6 linkages, existing in the form of microfibrils. Together with chitin they constitute the most important structural components of fungal cell walls. They are the most abundant components of the cell walls in members of all fungal phyla, with the exception of Microsporidia, where they are absent. Taking into consideration the importance of glucans in the structure and physiology of the fungi, in the present review we describe the following aspects of these polysaccharides: i) types and distribution of fungal glucans, ii) their structure, iii) their roles, iv) the mechanism of synthesis of the most important ones, and v) the phylogentic relationships of the enzymes involved in their synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ruiz-Herrera
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Unidad Irapuato, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Km. 9.6, Libramiento Norte, Carretera Irapuato-León, 36821 Irapuato, Gto. Mexico
| | - Lucila Ortiz-Castellanos
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Unidad Irapuato, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Km. 9.6, Libramiento Norte, Carretera Irapuato-León, 36821 Irapuato, Gto. Mexico
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Guo J, Huang S, Chen Y, Guo X, Xiao D. Discovering the role of the apolipoprotein gene and the genes in the putative pullulan biosynthesis pathway on the synthesis of pullulan, heavy oil and melanin in Aureobasidium pullulans. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 34:11. [PMID: 29255943 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2398-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pullulan produced by Aureobasidium pullulans presents various applications in food manufacturing and pharmaceutical industry. However, the pullulan biosynthesis mechanism remains unclear. This work proposed a pathway suggesting that heavy oil and melanin may correlate with pullulan production. The effects of overexpression or deletion of genes encoding apolipoprotein, UDPG-pyrophosphorylase, glucosyltransferase, and α-phosphoglucose mutase on the production of pullulan, heavy oil, and melanin were examined. Pullulan production increased by 16.93 and 8.52% with the overexpression of UDPG-pyrophosphorylase and apolipoprotein genes, respectively. Nevertheless, the overexpression or deletion of other genes exerted little effect on pullulan biosynthesis. Heavy oil production increased by 146.30, 64.81, and 33.33% with the overexpression of UDPG-pyrophosphorylase, α-phosphoglucose mutase, and apolipoprotein genes, respectively. Furthermore, the syntheses of pullulan, heavy oil, and melanin can compete with one another. This work may provide new guidance to improve the production of pullulan, heavy oil, and melanin through genetic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Laboratory, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Laboratory, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Yefu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Laboratory, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuewu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Laboratory, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongguang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Laboratory, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
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K.R. S, V. P. Review on production, downstream processing and characterization of microbial pullulan. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 173:573-591. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Singh RS, Kaur N, Rana V, Kennedy JF. Pullulan: A novel molecule for biomedical applications. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 171:102-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.04.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Characterization of UGPase from Aureobasidium pullulans NRRL Y-12974 and Application in Enhanced Pullulan Production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 178:1141-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1934-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Li Y, Chi Z, Wang GY, Wang ZP, Liu GL, Lee CF, Ma ZC, Chi ZM. Taxonomy ofAureobasidiumspp. and biosynthesis and regulation of their extracellular polymers. Crit Rev Microbiol 2013; 41:228-37. [DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2013.826176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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13
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Sheng L, Zhu G, Tong Q. Mechanism study of Tween 80 enhancing the pullulan production by Aureobasidium pullulans. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 97:121-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sheoran SK, Dubey KK, Tiwari DP, Singh BP. Directive Production of Pullulan by Altering Cheap Source of Carbons and Nitrogen at 5 L Bioreactor Level. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5402/2012/867198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present paper, attempts have been made to control the production of pullulan by supplementing commercial source of carbons and protein, timely. Pullulan production was regulated by supplying full fat soya flour and hydrolyzed soya extract, individually and in combination. Pullulan quantification was assayed for sensitivity to pullulanase. Aureobasidium pullulans was found to produce 125.7 gL−1 of pullulan. The rotation speed of shake flask, the pH of broth, and the supply of air were maintained at 180 rpm, 5.9, and 1.5 vvm air, respectively. The effect of carbons and lipids on pullulan production was noticed to be substrate specific. However, after the lapse of 36 h, addition of full fat soya floor and hydrolyzed soya extract in combination enhanced the pullulan production 125.7 gL−1. Besides this, pH of broth was also noticed as a critical factor in monitoring pullulan biosynthesis. The newly isolated mutant Aureobasidium pullulans, having high potential for pullulan production as compared to existing data, can be well used for commercialization of pullulan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K. Sheoran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Haryana, Sonepat 131039, India
| | - Kashyap Kumar Dubey
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, UIET, M.D. University, Haryana Rohtak 124001, India
| | - D. P. Tiwari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Haryana, Sonepat 131039, India
| | - Bhanu P. Singh
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, UIET, M.D. University, Haryana Rohtak 124001, India
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Cheng KC, Demirci A, Catchmark JM. Pullulan: biosynthesis, production, and applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 92:29-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3477-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bioproducts from Aureobasidium pullulans, a biotechnologically important yeast. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 82:793-804. [PMID: 19198830 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-1882-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2008] [Revised: 01/18/2009] [Accepted: 01/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
It has been well documented that Aureobasidium pullulans is widely distributed in different environments. Different strains of A. pullulans can produce amylase, proteinase, lipase, cellulase, xylanase, mannanase, transferases, pullulan, siderophore, and single-cell protein, and the genes encoding proteinase, lipase, cellulase, xylanase, and siderophore have been cloned and characterized. Therefore, like Aspergillus spp., it is a biotechnologically important yeast that can be used in different fields. So it is very important to sequence the whole genomic DNA of the yeast cells in order to find new more bioproducts and novel genes from this yeast.
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Seviour RJ, Stasinopoulos SJ, Auer DP, Gibbs PA. Production of Pullulan and other Exopolysaccharides by Filamentous Fungi. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/07388559209069196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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19
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Comparative studies on pullulan synthesis, melanin synthesis and morphology of white mutant Aureobasidium pullulans B-1 and parent strain A.p.-3. Carbohydr Polym 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2007.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Duan X, Chi Z, Wang L, Wang X. Influence of different sugars on pullulan production and activities of α-phosphoglucose mutase, UDPG-pyrophosphorylase and glucosyltransferase involved in pullulan synthesis in Aureobasidium pullulans Y68. Carbohydr Polym 2008; 73:587-93. [PMID: 26048225 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2007.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2007] [Revised: 12/28/2007] [Accepted: 12/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Effects of different sugars on pullulan production, UDP-glucose level, and activities of α-phosphoglucose mutase, UDPG-pyrophosphorylase and glucosyltransferase in Aureobasidium pullulans Y68 were examined. It was found that more pullulan was produced when the yeast strain was grown in the medium containing glucose than when it was cultivated in the medium supplementing other sugars. Our results demonstrate that when more pullulan was synthesized, less UDP-glucose was left in the cells of A. pullulans Y68. However, it was observed that more pullulan was synthesized, the cells had higher activities of α-phosphoglucose mutase, UDPG-pyrophosphorylase and glycosyltransferase. Therefore, high pullulan yield is related to high activities of α-phosphoglucose mutase, UDPG-pyrophosphorylase and glucosyltransferase in A. pullulans Y68 grown on different sugars. A pathway of pullulan biosynthesis in A. pullulan Y68 was proposed based on the results of this study and those from other researchers. This study will be helpful to metabolism-engineer the yeast strain to further enhance pullulan yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Duan
- UNESCO Chinese Center of Marine Biotechnology, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, No.5, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhenming Chi
- UNESCO Chinese Center of Marine Biotechnology, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, No.5, Qingdao, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- UNESCO Chinese Center of Marine Biotechnology, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, No.5, Qingdao, China
| | - Xianghong Wang
- UNESCO Chinese Center of Marine Biotechnology, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, No.5, Qingdao, China
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High pullulan yield is related to low UDP-glucose level and high pullulan-related synthases activity inAureobasidium pullulans Y68. ANN MICROBIOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03175214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Shingel KI. Current knowledge on biosynthesis, biological activity, and chemical modification of the exopolysaccharide, pullulan. Carbohydr Res 2004; 339:447-60. [PMID: 15013381 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2003.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2003] [Accepted: 10/23/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The article presents an overview of the latest advances in investigations of the biosynthesis, molecular properties, and associated biological activity of pullulan. The literature survey on the pullulan biosynthesis is intended to illustrate how the great variety of environmental conditions as well as variability in strain characteristics influences the metabolic pathways of the pullulan formation and effects structural composition of the biopolymer. Molecular properties of pullulan as alpha-(1-->4)- and alpha-(1-->6)-glucan are discussed in terms of similarities with amylose and dextran structures, and an emphasis is made on the inherent biological activity of pullulan molecules. The author also attempts to summarize the concepts, options, and strategies in chemical modification of the biopolymer and to delineate future prospects in designing new biologically active derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill I Shingel
- Bioartificial Gel Technologies Inc, 400 Maisonneuve Ouest, suite 1156, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1L4.
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West TP, Strohfus B. Polysaccharide production by a reduced pigmentation mutant of Aureobasidium pullulans NYS-1. Lett Appl Microbiol 2001; 33:169-72. [PMID: 11472528 DOI: 10.1046/j.1472-765x.2001.00975.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To isolate a reduced pigmentation mutant of Aureobasidium pullulans NYS-1 and characterize its cellular pigmentation plus its polysaccharide and biomass production relative to carbon source. METHODS AND RESULTS Cellular pigmentation, polysaccharide levels and biomass production by the isolated mutant NYSRP-1 were analysed relative to carbon source. Cellular pigmentation of the mutant was lower than its parent strain using either carbon source. The mutant elaborated higher polysaccharide levels on sucrose than on corn syrup. The pullulan content of the polysaccharide synthesized and biomass production by the mutant rose as the carbon source concentration was increased. CONCLUSION It is feasible to isolate a reduced pigmentation mutant from strain NYS-1 that exhibits elevated polysaccharide production using corn syrup as a carbon source. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The mutant provides an advantage for commercial pullulan production because of its reduced pigmentation and enhanced polysaccharide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P West
- Olson Biochemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
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Lee JW, Yeomans WG, Allen AL, Deng F, Gross RA, Kaplan DL. Biosynthesis of novel exopolymers by Aureobasidium pullulans. Appl Environ Microbiol 1999; 65:5265-71. [PMID: 10583975 PMCID: PMC91715 DOI: 10.1128/aem.65.12.5265-5271.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/1999] [Accepted: 09/12/1999] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aureobasidium pullulans ATCC 42023 was cultured under aerobic conditions with glucose, mannose, and glucose analogs as energy sources. The exopolymer extracts produced under these conditions were composed of glucose and mannose. The molar ratio of glucose to mannose in the exopolymer extract and the molecular weight of the exopolymer varied depending on the energy source and culture time. The glucose content of exopolymer extracts formed with glucose and mannose as the carbon sources was between 91 and 87%. The molecular weight decreased from 3.5 x 10(6) to 2.12 x 10(6) to 0.85 x 10(6) to 0.77 x 10(6) with culture time. As the culture time increased, the glucose content of the exopolymer extract formed with glucosamine decreased from 55 +/- 3 to 29 +/- 2 mol%, and the molecular weight increased from 2.73 x 10(6) to 4.86 x 10(6). There was no evidence that glucosamine was directly incorporated into exopolymers. The molar ratios of glucose to mannose in exopolymer extracts ranged from 87 +/- 3:13 +/- 3 to 28 +/- 2:72 +/- 2 and were affected by the energy source added. On the basis of the results of an enzyme hydrolysis analysis of the exopolymer extracts and the compositional changes observed, mannose (a repeating unit) was substituted for glucose, which gave rise to a new family of exopolymer analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Lee
- Dong-A University, Hadan 2-dong, Sha-gu, Pusan, 604-714, Korea
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Enhanced production of pigment-free pullulan by a morphogenetically arrested Aureobasidium pullulans (ATCC 42023) in a two-stage fermentation with shift from soy bean oil to sucrose. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00164760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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West TP, Reed-Hamer B. Elevated polysaccharide production by mutants of the fungus Aureobasidium pullulans. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1994.tb07280.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Lezica RP, Daleo GR, Dey PM. Lipid-Linked Sugars As Intermediates in The Biosynthesis of Complex Carbohydrates in Plants. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2318(08)60081-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Pittet JL, Létoublon R, Frot-Coutaz J, Arpin N. Soluble uridine diphospho-D-glucose: mycosporin glucosyltransferase from spores of Ascochyta fabae Speg. PLANTA 1983; 159:159-164. [PMID: 24258137 DOI: 10.1007/bf00392987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/1983] [Accepted: 04/26/1983] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme properties of a soluble uridine 5'-diphosphate (UDP) glucose: mycosporin-2 glucosyltransferase from spores of Ascochyta fabae Speg. (Fungi imperfecti) were studied. The optimal conditions for the glucose transfer from UDP-glucose to the mycosporin-2 (the amide form being the best acceptor) were determined; for maximal activity the glucosyltransferase requires a pH of about 8.5 and the presence of divalent cations (Mn(2+) being more efficient than Ca(2+) or Mg(2+)). The reaction was not reversible in presence of large amounts of UDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Pittet
- Départment de Biologie Végétale, Université C. Bernard, Lyon I, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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