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Zhang S, Zhang S, Li S, Ma R, Wang A, Liu Z, Yan K. CaO assisted mechanochemical remediation of lindane-contaminated soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174154. [PMID: 38942310 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the planetary ball milling with CaO addition was used to remediate lindane-contaminated soil. Based on Hertzian theory, a mathematical model was proposed to simulate the trajectory of grinding ball and the local energy transfer during a planetary operation at the disk rotation velocities of 150-250 rpm. Besides, the influence of different parameters on lindane removal in soil was investigated, whose results showed that disk rotation velocity and reagent-to-soil ratio had a positive effect, while soil moisture, initial concentration of lindane, and mass of polluted soil demonstrated a negative influence. The mechanochemical method exhibited a higher degradation performance at 3 wt% CaO addition, and a disk rotation velocity of 250 rpm. Active species generated by ball collisions in the presence of CaO, especially superoxide (·O2-) demonstrated a significant role in participating in the lindane conversion. In combination with GCMS and XPS analysis, the proposed model provides insight into mechanochemical remediation process from physical and chemical perspectives, which mainly includes four main steps: mixing, inducing, chemical reaction, and structure destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shihao Zhang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shuran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Rongwei Ma
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Anyu Wang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Keping Yan
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan 030002, China
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2
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Zhao X, Liu X, Zhang Z, Ren W, Lin C, He M, Ouyang W. Mechanochemical remediation of contaminated soil: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174117. [PMID: 38908592 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Mechanochemical techniques have been garnering growing attention in remediation of contaminated soil. This paper summarizes the performance, mechanism, influential factors, and environmental impacts of mechanochemical remediation (MCR) for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) contaminated soil and heavy metal(loid) s (HMs) contaminated soil. Firstly, in contrast to other technologies, MCR can achieve desirable treatment of POPs, HMs, and co-contaminated soil, especially with high-concentration pollutants. Secondly, POPs undergo mineralization via interaction with mechanically activated substances, where aromatic and aliphatic pollutants in soil may go through varied degradation routes; inorganic pollutants can be firmly combined with soil particles by fragmentation and agglomeration induced by mechanical power, during which additives may enhance the combination but their contact with anionic metal(loid)s may be partially suppressed. Thirdly, the effect of MCR primarily hinges on types of milling systems, the accumulation of mechanical energy, and the use of reagents, which is basically regulated through operating parameters: rotation speed, ball-to-powder ratio, reagent-to-soil ratio, milling time, and soil treatment capacity; minerals like clay, metal oxides, and sand in soil itself are feasible reagents for remediation, and alien additives play a crucial role in synergist and detoxification; additionally, various physicochemical properties of soil might influence the mechanochemical effect to varying degrees, yet the key influential performance and mechanism remain unclear and require further investigation. Concerning the assessment of soil after treatment, attention needs to be paid to soil properties, toxicity of POPs' intermediates and leaching HMs, and long-term appraisement, particularly with the introduction of aggressive additives into the system. Finally, proposals for current issues and forthcoming advancements in this domain are enumerated in items. This review provides valuable insight into mechanochemical approaches for performing more effective and eco-friendly remediation on contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xitao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Zhenguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wenbo Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chunye Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Mengchang He
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wei Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
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Raczkiewicz M, Mašek O, Ok YS, Oleszczuk P. Size reduction of biochar to nanoscale decrease polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metals content and bioavailability in nanobiochar. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 937:173372. [PMID: 38797420 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Raczkiewicz
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska Square, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ondřej Mašek
- UK Biochar Research Centre (UKBRC), School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JN, UK
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center (KBRC), APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Patryk Oleszczuk
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska Square, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
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Xu H, Liu X, Zhang Z, Zhao X, Lin C, He M, Ouyang W. Peroxymonosulfate assisted mechanochemical remediation of high concentration DDTs contaminated soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139651. [PMID: 37495051 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
DDTs (DDT and its metabolites) contaminated sites urgently need to be treated efficiently and greenly. In this study, a horizontal planetary mechanochemical method with co-milling additives was developed aiming at efficiently degrading high-concentration DDTs in historical contaminated soil (∼7500 mg/kg). Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) was firstly used to the mechanochemical degradation of DDTs in historical contaminated soil, with a degradation efficiency of over 95% after 1 h of milling under the optimal milling conditions (CR = 30:1, r = 500 rpm, R = 1:4). Mechanism study indicated that DDTs in soil were partially dechlorinated and mineralized. The main products formed might be chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, which need further treatment by ball milling or other methods. Under the action of mechanical energy, PMS could oxidize DDTs in soil through non-radical way rather than common radical way. Then, a comprehensive assessment of this remediation method was conducted by analyzing the changes in soil properties and acute biotoxicity after ball milling. Although PMS had a great performance on the degradation of DDTs, especially p, p'-DDE, it would cause the acidification and salinization of soil. Therefore, further pH adjustment and desalination treatment were suggested to reduce the negative impacts. This work successfully presents a practical approach to mechanochemical remediation of DDTs contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengpu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xitao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Zhenguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xiwang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Chunye Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Mengchang He
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Wei Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China
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5
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Yao Z, He X, Yin M, Han H, Zhang Q. Mechanochemical remediation of fluoranthene contaminated soil and biotoxicity evaluation. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:2104-2112. [PMID: 34962220 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.2024271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A mechanochemical (MC) method was employed for the remediation of soil contaminated with fluoranthene (C16H10, FL) a four-ringed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) containing three benzene rings and a central five-membered heterocyclic ring, with the effects of soil inorganic components, milling conditions, and the degradation mechanism investigated. Results showed that the addition of SiO2 and kaolin to soil resulted in a greater increase in the effectiveness of FL removal than other inorganic additives. After 3 hours of milling at 500 rpm, the FL removal rate from SiO2 containing soil, reached 99.26%, with the removal efficiency increasing in accordance with an increase in milling duration and speed. The milled samples were characterized by FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, and GC-MS analysis, revealing the mechanism of FL degradation, including destruction of the aromatic skeleton structure and the formation of amorphous carbon and graphite. The MC remediation method was applied to FL contaminated soil, showing that FL was efficiently degraded in soil without any soil additives, resulting in a significant reduction in the biotoxicity of the remediated soil. The organic matter, moisture content and pH of the actual soil changed slightly after mechanical ball milling. Thus, the MC method has high potential in the remediation of PAH-contaminated soils.HIGHLIGHTSA mechanochemical (MC) method for the degradation of fluoranthene was assessed.The use of silica and kaolin as soil additives enhances fluoranthene remediation.Fluoranthene can be efficiently removed from contaminated soil by milling alone.The degradation mechanism was skeleton structure destruction and carbonization.The biotoxicity of soil was significantly reduced by milling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Yao
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoman He
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqiuzi Yin
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Han
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiwu Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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6
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Boldyreva E. Spiers Memorial Lecture: Mechanochemistry, tribochemistry, mechanical alloying - retrospect, achievements and challenges. Faraday Discuss 2023; 241:9-62. [PMID: 36519434 DOI: 10.1039/d2fd00149g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The paper presents a view on the achievements, challenges and prospects of mechanochemistry. The extensive reference list can serve as a good entry point to a plethora of mechanochemical literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Boldyreva
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS & Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
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7
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Michalchuk AAL, Boldyreva EV, Belenguer AM, Emmerling F, Boldyrev VV. Tribochemistry, Mechanical Alloying, Mechanochemistry: What is in a Name? Front Chem 2021; 9:685789. [PMID: 34164379 PMCID: PMC8216082 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.685789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the decades, the application of mechanical force to influence chemical reactions has been called by various names: mechanochemistry, tribochemistry, mechanical alloying, to name but a few. The evolution of these terms has largely mirrored the understanding of the field. But what is meant by these terms, why have they evolved, and does it really matter how a process is called? Which parameters should be defined to describe unambiguously the experimental conditions such that others can reproduce the results, or to allow a meaningful comparison between processes explored under different conditions? Can the information on the process be encoded in a clear, concise, and self-explanatory way? We address these questions in this Opinion contribution, which we hope will spark timely and constructive discussion across the international mechanochemical community.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena V. Boldyreva
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ana M. Belenguer
- Yusef Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Vladimir V. Boldyrev
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Voevodski Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
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8
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Li Y, Hang S, Li J, Guo W, Xiao W, Han Z, Wang B. Study on the preparation parameters and combustion performance of Al/PTFE composites prepared by a mechanical activation-sintering method. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04135a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a composite material with enhanced combustion performance and close fuel-oxidant contact was prepared by mechanical activation-sintering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Li
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Siyu Hang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Wanxiao Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Xiao
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Han
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Boliang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
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9
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Song J, Gao X, Rong Y, Zhang D, Sui H. Mechanism for degradation of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane by mechano-chemical ball milling with Fe-Zn bimetal. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 247:681-687. [PMID: 31279145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.06.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As a non-combustion technique for destruction of persistent organic pollutants, mechanochemical ball milling has attracted research attention worldwide due to high effectiveness, simplicity, and wide applicability. Previous studies have demonstrated that Fe-Zn bimetal outperformed other commonly used reagents such as CaO, Fe and Fe2O3 in mechanochemical destruction of industrial DDT. Mechanistic studies on mechanochemical destruction of persistent organic pollutants are rather limited and mechanisms may differ among reagents and chemicals. The objective of this study was to shed light on mechanisms for DDT destruction by Fe-Zn bimetal based mechanochemical treatment. A kinetics study showed that data for Fe-Zn treatment can be fitted to the Delogu model whereas that of CaO and Fe2O3 treatments followed a pseudo-second-order model. The identification of intermediates and characterization of the solid phase of the ground material revealed that dechlorination, dehydrochlorination, benzene-ring breaking, as well as splicing and condensation of small molecules occurred during the milling process. Cleavage and dehydrogenation eventually converted benzene-ring compounds into graphite and amorphous carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Song
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Xin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuzhou Rong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Dongge Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Hong Sui
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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10
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Belenguer AM, Michalchuk AAL, Lampronti GI, Sanders JKM. Understanding the unexpected effect of frequency on the kinetics of a covalent reaction under ball-milling conditions. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:1226-1235. [PMID: 31293670 PMCID: PMC6604707 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We here explore how ball-mill-grinding frequency affects the kinetics of a disulfide exchange reaction. Our kinetic data show that the reaction progress is similar at all the frequencies studied (15–30 Hz), including a significant induction time before the nucleation and growth process starts. This indicates that to start the reaction an initial energy accumulation is necessary. Other than mixing, the energy supplied by the mechanical treatment has two effects: (i) reducing the crystal size and (ii) creating defects in the structure. The crystal-breaking process is likely to be dominant at first becoming less important later in the process when the energy supplied is stored at the molecular level as local crystal defects. This accumulation is taken here to be the rate-determining step. We suggest that the local defects accumulate preferentially at or near the crystal surface. Since the total area increases exponentially when the crystal size is reduced by the crystal-breaking process, this can further explain the exponential dependence of the onset time on the milling frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Belenguer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Adam A L Michalchuk
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Giulio I Lampronti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.,Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Jeremy K M Sanders
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
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11
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Qiao W, Ge X, Zhang Y, Luo Y, Yu L, Wang H, Xu Y, Wang Q. Degradation of endosulfan by high-energy ball milling with CaO: process and mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:18541-18553. [PMID: 31054058 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05020-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mechanochemical degradation (MCD) technology has shown its remarkable potential in the disposal of persistent organochlorines in a non-combustion manner. In the present study, endosulfan, as the newly listed persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Stockholm Convention, was investigated for its feasibility of mechanochemical destruction using high-energy ball milling. Using calcium oxide (CaO) as a co-milling reagent, the degradation efficiency of endosulfan was nearly 100% after ball milling for 60 min, while the dechlorination efficiency and the sulfate formation efficiency were delayed for endosulfan degradation. After ball milling for 120 min, the dechlorination efficiency and sulfate formation efficiency reached 87.55% and 26.28%, respectively. Based on the measurement results from various material characterization approaches, the main degradation pathway of endosulfan was proposed as sequential dechlorination followed by the destruction of hydrocarbon skeleton. The GC-MS analysis confirmed that complete desulfurization and dechlorination had been realized finally. This study provides an option for the way toward the efficient and rapid destruction of endosulfan as a new POPs using mechanochemical technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichuan Qiao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Xiuxiu Ge
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yunhao Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yang Luo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Haizhu Wang
- State Key Lab of High Power Semiconductor Laser of Changchun University Science and Technology, Changchun University Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China.
| | - Ying Xu
- School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Quhui Wang
- State Key Lab of High Power Semiconductor Laser of Changchun University Science and Technology, Changchun University Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China
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12
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Zhiliang C, Minghui T, Shengyong L, Buekens A, Jiamin D, Qili Q, Jianhua Y. Mechanochemical degradation of PCDD/Fs in fly ash within different milling systems. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 223:188-195. [PMID: 30780029 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two distinct mechanochemical degradation (MCD) methods are adopted to eliminate the polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and -furans (PCDD/Fs) from fly ash in municipal solid waste incinerators. First, experiments are conducted in a planetary ball mill for selecting suitable additives, and an additive system of SiO2-Al is chosen for its high-efficiency, low-price, and good practicability. The I-TEQ value of PCDD/Fs in washed fly ash decreases dramatically from 6.75 to 0.64 ng I-TEQ/g, after 14 h of milling with 10 wt % SiO2-Al, and dechlorination is identified as the major degradation pathway. Then, this additive is applied in a horizontal ball mill, and the results indicate that the degradation of PCDD/Fs follows the kinetic model established in planetary ball mills. However, longer milling time is required for the same supplied-energy because of the lower energy density of horizontal ball mills, resulting in partial loss of Al reactivity and a lower degradation efficiency of PCDD/Fs. During MCD, the evolution of PCDD/F-signatures is analogous, indicating a similar acting mechanism of all additives in both the two milling systems. Finally, a major dechlorination pathway of PCDD-congeners is proposed based on the signature analysis of congeners synthesized from chlorophenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhiliang
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Tang Minghui
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Lu Shengyong
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Alfons Buekens
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Ding Jiamin
- Research Institute of Zhejiang University-Taizhou, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Qiu Qili
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yan Jianhua
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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13
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Sui H, Rong Y, Song J, Zhang D, Li H, Wu P, Shen Y, Huang Y. Mechanochemical destruction of DDTs with Fe-Zn bimetal in a high-energy planetary ball mill. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 342:201-209. [PMID: 28837881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mechanochemical destruction has been proposed as a promising, non-combustion technology for the disposal of toxic, halogenated, organic pollutants. In the study presented, additives including Fe, Zn, Fe-Zn bimetal, CaO and Fe2O3 were tested for their effectiveness to remove DDTs by MC. The results showed that Fe-Zn bimetal was the most efficient additive, with 98% of DDTs removed after 4h. The Fe-Zn mass ratio was optimized to avoid possible spontaneous combustion of the ground sample during subsample collection. Inorganic water-soluble chloride in the ground sample increased by 91% after 4h of grinding, which indicated dechlorination during destruction of DDTs. In addition, relationships were established between the rate constant and the rotation speed or the charge ratio. Discrete Element Method (DEM) modeling was used to simulate the motion of the grinding ball and calculate both total impact energy and normal impact energy. The latter expressed a stronger, linear correlation with the rate constant. Therefore, normal impact energy is proposed to be the main driving force in the MC destruction of DDTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sui
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; National Engineering Research Center for Distillation Technology (NERCDT), Tianjin 300072, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yuzhou Rong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jing Song
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Dongge Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Haibo Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Peng Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yangyang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yujuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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Chen Z, Lu S, Mao Q, Buekens A, Wang Y, Yan J. Energy transfer and kinetics in mechanochemistry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:24562-24571. [PMID: 28905184 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0028-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mechanochemistry (MC) exerts extraordinary degradation and decomposition effects on many chlorinated, brominated, and even fluorinated persistent organic pollutants (POPs). However, its application is still limited by inadequate study of its reaction kinetic aspects. In the present work, the ball motion and energy transfer in planetary ball mill are investigated in some detail. Almost all milling parameters are summarised in a single factor-total effective impact energy. Furthermore, the MC kinetic between calcium oxide/Al and hexachlorobenzene is well established and modelled. The results indicate that total effective impact energy and reagent ratio are the two factors sufficient for describing the MC degradation degree of POPs. The reaction rate constant only depends on the chemical properties of reactants, so it could be used as an important index to appraise the quality of MC additives. This model successfully predicts the reaction rate for different operating conditions, indicating that it could be suitably applied for conducting MC reactions in other reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Shengyong Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Qiongjing Mao
- Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, College of Architecture Engineering, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Alfons Buekens
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jianhua Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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15
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Razavi-Tousi S, Szpunar J. Effect of ball size on steady state of aluminum powder and efficiency of impacts during milling. POWDER TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2015.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Wang H, Huang J, Zhang K, Yu Y, Liu K, Yu G, Deng S, Wang B. Effects of zero-valent metals together with quartz sand on the mechanochemical destruction of dechlorane plus coground in a planetary ball mill. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 264:230-235. [PMID: 24295775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.10.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Mechanochemical destruction by grinding with additives in high energy ball milling has been identified as a good alternative to traditional incineration for the disposal of wastes containing halogenated organic pollutants. Despite CaO normally used as an additive, recently Fe+SiO2 has been used to replace CaO for a faster destruction. In the present study, zero-valent metals (Al, Zn, besides Fe) together with SiO2 were investigated for their efficiencies of prompting the destruction of dechlorane plus (DP). Aluminum was found of be the best with a destruction percentage of nearly 99% for either syn- or anti-DP after 2.5h milling. In comparison, only 88/85% and 37/32% of syn-/anti-DP were destroyed when using zinc and iron after the same time, respectively. The detected water soluble chloride was lower than the stoichiometric amount containing in the original DP samples, due to the Si-Cl bond formed during the process. The potential fate of C and Cl present in DP is in the form of inorganic carbon, inorganic Cl and formation of Si-Cl bonds, respectively. The results suggested that Al+SiO2 is promising in the mechanochemical destruction of chlorinated organic pollutants like DP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhu Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC), School of Environment, POPs Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Jun Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC), School of Environment, POPs Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
| | - Kunlun Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC), School of Environment, POPs Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yunfei Yu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC), School of Environment, POPs Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Kai Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC), School of Environment, POPs Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Gang Yu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC), School of Environment, POPs Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Shubo Deng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC), School of Environment, POPs Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC), School of Environment, POPs Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
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McElroy L, Bao J, Jayasundara C, Yang R, Yu A. A soft-sensor approach to impact intensity prediction in stirred mills guided by DEM models. POWDER TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2011.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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18
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Wang X, Yu W, Nie Q, Guo Y, Du J. A real-time study on the evolution of the degradation of polypropylene during mixing process. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Schoenitz M, Ward T, Dreizin EL. Preparation of Energetic Metastable Nano-Composite Materials by Arrested Reactive Milling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-800-aa2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTHighly metastable, nano-scale energetic materials were prepared by Arrested Reactive Milling (ARM). When reactive milling is carried out with materials systems suitable for Self-Propagating High Temperature Synthesis (SHS), reaction between the components occurs spontaneously and violently after a certain period of milling. In this research, metastable nanocom-posites with high energy density, were prepared by arresting the milling process prior to the spontaneous reaction. Products thus obtained are powders with particle sizes in the 10–50 μm range. Individual particles are intimate mixtures of reactive components, comparable to Metast-able Intermolecular Composites (MIC), with near theoretical maximum density. The time of arrest determines the degree of grain refinement and therefore the sensitivity to mechanical, electrical, or thermal initiation. Particle sizes of the product powders can be adjusted by appropriate choice of milling parameters. This paper describes the application of ARM to the material systems Al-Fe2O3 and Al-MoO3. After empirical determination of optimum milling parameters, the reactive composites are structurally characterized by electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. First results of combustion tests are presented.
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Zhang W, Huang J, Yu G, Deng S, Zhu W. Mechanochemical destruction of Dechlorane Plus with calcium oxide. CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 81:345-350. [PMID: 20728200 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Revised: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Dechlorane Plus (DP) was co-ground with calcium oxide (CaO) powder in a planetary ball mill at room temperature. A mechanochemical reaction was induced, resulting in the decomposition of DP through dechlorination. The influences of both the charge ratio and content of CaO were investigated. The co-ground samples were characterized and analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and ion chromatography (IC). With the increase in grinding time, the remained DP decreased and finally was completely destroyed after 4h grinding time in the mixture with a CaO/DP ratio of 25:1 and a charge ratio of 36:1. At the same time, the water-soluble amount of chlorine increased correspondingly and reached 88.6%, demonstrating that dechlorination is the major degradation mechanism. The main degradation products in the final reaction were carbon and CaCl(2), beside the excess CaO. The first carbon structure appeared after grinding treatment was graphite, while the second was amorphous carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, POPs Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
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22
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Rodríguez B, Bruckmann A, Rantanen T, Bolm C. Solvent-Free Carbon-Carbon Bond Formations in Ball Mills. Adv Synth Catal 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200700252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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23
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Concas A, Montinaro S, Pisu M, Cao G. Mechanochemical remediation of heavy metals contaminated soils: Modelling and experiments. Chem Eng Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2007.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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24
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Locci A, Licheri R, Orrù R, Cincotti A, Cao G. Mechanical and electric current activation of solid–solid reactions for the synthesis of fully dense advanced materials. Chem Eng Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2007.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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