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Freund S, Hinaut A, Pawlak R, Liu SX, Decurtins S, Meyer E, Glatzel T. Morphology Change of C60 Islands on Organic Crystals Observed by Atomic Force Microscopy. ACS NANO 2016; 10:5782-5788. [PMID: 27219352 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b07971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Organic-organic heterojunctions are nowadays highly regarded materials for light-emitting diodes, field-effect transistors, and photovoltaic cells with the prospect of designing low-cost, flexible, and efficient electronic devices.1-3 However, the key parameter of optimized heterojunctions relies on the choice of the molecular compounds as well as on the morphology of the organic-organic interface,4 which thus requires fundamental studies. In this work, we investigated the deposition of C60 molecules at room temperature on an organic layer compound, the salt bis(benzylammonium)bis(oxalato)cupurate(II), by means of noncontact atomic force microscopy. Three-dimensional molecular islands of C60 having either triangular or hexagonal shapes are formed on the substrate following a "Volmer-Weber" type of growth. We demonstrate the dynamical reshaping of those C60 nanostructures under the local action of the AFM tip at room temperature. The dissipated energy is about 75 meV and can be interpreted as the activation energy required for this migration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Freund
- Department of Physics, University of Basel , Klingelbergstraße 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Hinaut
- Department of Physics, University of Basel , Klingelbergstraße 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rémy Pawlak
- Department of Physics, University of Basel , Klingelbergstraße 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shi-Xia Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , Freiestraße 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Silvio Decurtins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , Freiestraße 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ernst Meyer
- Department of Physics, University of Basel , Klingelbergstraße 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thilo Glatzel
- Department of Physics, University of Basel , Klingelbergstraße 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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2
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Yokoyama T, Tomita Y. Central metal dependence of conformation and self-assembly of porphyrins on Ag(110). J Chem Phys 2012; 137:244701. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4770501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yokoyama
- Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan.
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ZAMBELLI T, BOUTAYEB Y, GAYRAL F, LAGOUTE J, GIRDHAR NK, GOURDON A, GAUTHIER S, BLANCO MJ, CHAMBRON JC, HEITZ V, SAUVAGE JP. DEPOSITION OF LARGE ORGANIC MOLECULES IN ULTRA-HIGH VACUUM: A COMPARISON BETWEEN THERMAL SUBLIMATION AND PULSE-INJECTION. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219581x04002115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
STM investigations on the adsorption of submonolayers of large organic molecules smaller than 6 nm were carried out on copper surfaces to compare two different deposition methods: the thermal sublimation and the pulse-injection. The blue lander, a member of the lander family, could be deposited intact with the thermal procedure, therefore it was used to test the performances of the pulse-injection. On the contrary, the bis-porphyrin, which was decomposed by the thermal procedure, was deposited intact with the pulse injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. ZAMBELLI
- Groupe Nanosciences, CEMES-CNRS, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, F-31055 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Y. BOUTAYEB
- Groupe Nanosciences, CEMES-CNRS, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, F-31055 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - F. GAYRAL
- Groupe Nanosciences, CEMES-CNRS, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, F-31055 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - J. LAGOUTE
- Groupe Nanosciences, CEMES-CNRS, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, F-31055 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - N. K. GIRDHAR
- Groupe Nanosciences, CEMES-CNRS, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, F-31055 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - A. GOURDON
- Groupe Nanosciences, CEMES-CNRS, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, F-31055 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - S. GAUTHIER
- Groupe Nanosciences, CEMES-CNRS, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, F-31055 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - M.-J. BLANCO
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organo-Minérale, UMR 7513 du CNRS, Université Louis Pasteur, Institut Le Bel, 4 rue Blaise-Pascal, F-67070 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - J.-C. CHAMBRON
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organo-Minérale, UMR 7513 du CNRS, Université Louis Pasteur, Institut Le Bel, 4 rue Blaise-Pascal, F-67070 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - V. HEITZ
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organo-Minérale, UMR 7513 du CNRS, Université Louis Pasteur, Institut Le Bel, 4 rue Blaise-Pascal, F-67070 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - J.-P. SAUVAGE
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organo-Minérale, UMR 7513 du CNRS, Université Louis Pasteur, Institut Le Bel, 4 rue Blaise-Pascal, F-67070 Strasbourg Cedex, France
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Godlewski S, Tekiel A, Prauzner-Bechcicki JS, Budzioch J, Gourdon A, Szymonski M. Adsorption of organic molecules on the TiO2(011) surface: STM study. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:224701. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3593403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Sato F, Legoas SB, Otero R, Hümmelink F, Thostrup P, Lægsgaard E, Stensgaard I, Besenbacher F, Galvão DS. Adsorption configuration effects on the surface diffusion of large organic molecules: the case of Violet Lander. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:224702. [PMID: 21171691 DOI: 10.1063/1.3512623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Violet Lander (C(108)H(104)) is a large organic molecule that when deposited on Cu(110) surface exhibits lock-and-key like behavior [Otero et al., Nature Mater. 3, 779 (2004)]. In this work, we report a detailed fully atomistic molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics study of this phenomenon. Our results show that it has its physical basis on the interplay of the molecular hydrogens and the Cu(110) atomic spacing, which is a direct consequence of the matching between molecule and surface dimensions. This information could be used to find new molecules capable of displaying lock-and-key behavior with new potential applications in nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sato
- Departamento de Física, ICE, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-330 Juiz de Fora-MG, Brazil
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6
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Grill L. Large molecules on surfaces: deposition and intramolecular STM manipulation by directional forces. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2010; 22:084023. [PMID: 21389399 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/8/084023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Intramolecular manipulation of single molecules on a surface with a scanning tunnelling microscope enables the controlled modification of their structure and, consequently, their physical and chemical properties. This review presents examples of intramolecular manipulation experiments with rather large molecules, driven by directional, i.e. chemical or electrostatic, forces between tip and molecule. It is shown how various regimes of forces can be explored and characterized with one and the same manipulation of a single molecule by changing the tip-surface distance. Furthermore, different deposition techniques under ultrahigh vacuum conditions are discussed because the increasing functionality of such molecules can lead to fragmentation during the heating step, making their clean deposition difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonhard Grill
- Physics Department, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Fritz-Haber-Institut of the Max-Planck-Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Godlewski S, Tekiel A, Budzioch J, Gourdon A, Prauzner-Bechcicki JS, Szymonski M. Adsorption of large organic molecules on clean and hydroxylated rutile TiO2(110) surfaces. Chemphyschem 2010; 10:3278-84. [PMID: 19839023 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200900606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Behavior of large organic molecules equipped with spacer groups (Violet Landers, VL) on the TiO(2)(110)-(1x1) surfaces is investigated by means of high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Two distinct adsorption geometries are observed. We demonstrate that the molecule adsorption morphology can be alternated by well-controlled STM tip-induced manipulation. It is used to probe the mobility of molecules and reveals locking in one of the analyzed adsorption sites, thus allow to enhance or reduce the mobility along the [001] direction. Field induced hydrogen desorption is used to perform lateral STM manipulation on a hydroxyl-free surface, which provides insight into the influence of surface hydroxyl groups on the molecule behavior. The ability to image with submolecular resolution both the central board and the spacer groups of the VL molecule is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Godlewski
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials (NANOSAM), Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Reymonta 4, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
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8
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Godlewski S, Goryl G, Gourdon A, Kolodziej JJ, Such B, Szymonski M. Internal architecture and adsorption sites of Violet Lander molecules assembled on native and KBr-passivated InSb(001) surfaces. Chemphyschem 2009; 10:2026-33. [PMID: 19472264 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200900128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The adsorption of individual Violet Lander molecules self-assembled on the c(8x2) reconstructed InSb(001) surface in its native form and on the surface passivated with one to three monolayers of KBr is investigated by means of low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Preferred adsorption sites of the molecules are found on flat terraces as well as at atomic step edges. For molecules immobilized on flat terraces, several different conformations are identified from STM images acquired with submolecular resolution and are explained by the rotation of the 3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl groups around sigma bonds, which allows adjustment of the molecular geometry to the anisotropic substrate structure. Formation of ordered molecular chains is found at steps running along substrate reconstruction rows, whereas at the steps oriented perpendicularly no intermolecular ordering is recorded. It is also shown that the molecules deposited at two or more monolayers of the epitaxial KBr spacer do not have any stable adsorption sites recorded with STM. Prospects for the manipulation of single molecules by using the STM tip on highly anisotropic substrates are also explored, and demonstrate the feasibility of controlled lateral displacement in all directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Godlewski
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Reymonta 4, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
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9
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Ge X, Kuntze J, Berndt R, Tang H, Gourdon A. Tunneling spectroscopy of lander molecules on coinage metal surfaces. Chem Phys Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.04.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Zambelli T, Goudeau S, Lagoute J, Gourdon A, Bouju X, Gauthier S. Molecular Self-Assembly of Jointed Molecules on a Metallic Substrate: From Single Molecule to Monolayer. Chemphyschem 2006; 7:1917-20. [PMID: 16921575 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200600349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomaso Zambelli
- Groupe Nanosciences, CEMES-CNRS 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055 Toulouse, France.
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11
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Savio L, Gross L, Rieder KH, Gourdon A, Joachim C, Moresco F. Interaction of a long molecular wire with a nanostructured surface: Violet Landers on Cu(211). Chem Phys Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Otero R, Rosei F, Besenbacher F. SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY MANIPULATION OF COMPLEX ORGANIC MOLECULES ON SOLID SURFACES. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2006; 57:497-525. [PMID: 16599819 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.physchem.57.032905.104634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Organic molecules adsorbed on solid surfaces display a fascinating variety of new physical and chemical phenomena ranging from self-assembly and molecular recognition to nonlinear optical properties and current rectification. Both the fundamental interest in these systems and the promise of technological applications have motivated a strong research effort in understanding and controlling these properties. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and, in particular, its ability to manipulate individual adsorbed molecules, has become a powerful tool for studying the adsorption geometry and the conformation and dynamics of single molecules and molecular aggregates. Here we review selected case studies demonstrating the enormous capabilities of STM manipulations to explore basic physiochemical properties of adsorbed molecules. In particular, we emphasize the role of STM manipulations in studying the coupling between the multiple degrees of freedom of adsorbed molecules, the phenomenon of molecular molding, and the possibility of creating and breaking individual chemical bonds in a controlled manner, i.e., the concept of single-molecule chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Otero
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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13
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Zambelli T, Lagoute J, Villagomez Ojeda CJ, Coudret C, Gauthier S. Tailoring the Mobility of a 3D Molecule Adsorbed on a Metal Surface. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:14266-9. [PMID: 16852792 DOI: 10.1021/jp052627f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Because of its tetrahedral structure, spirobifluorene is an innovative molecule for molecular mechanics studies by means of scanning tunneling microscopy. On Cu(100), it was observed only anchored at defects because of its mobility at room temperature. To frustrate its diffusion, it was functionalized with phenyl and thiophene groups. Tetraphenylspirobifluorene is also mobile on Cu(100), whereas tetrathienylspirobifluorene is fixed in the middle of the terraces. This very different behavior is an original and unexpected result because both benzene and thiophene are reported to be weakly bound to Cu(100) with almost the same adsorption energy.
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14
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Grill L, Rieder KH, Moresco F, Stojkovic S, Gourdon A, Joachim C. Controlling the electronic interaction between a molecular wire and its atomic scale contacting pad. NANO LETTERS 2005; 5:859-63. [PMID: 15884884 DOI: 10.1021/nl050197z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We report a quantitative study on the electronic interaction between a molecular wire and its atomic scale metallic contacting pad. A so-called "reactive Lander" molecule is manipulated using a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope to form a planar one-end electronic contact. The increase of the STM contrast at the junction location is discussed by means of the electronic interaction between the contacting group of the molecular wire and the end atoms of the nanopad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonhard Grill
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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15
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Merz L, Güntherodt HJ, Scherer LJ, Constable EC, Housecroft CE, Neuburger M, Hermann BA. Octyl-Decorated Fréchet-Type Dendrons: A General Motif for Visualisation of Static and Dynamic Behaviour Using Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy? Chemistry 2005; 11:2307-18. [PMID: 15696582 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200400984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A detailed STM study of monolayers of 3,5-bis[(3,5-bisoctyloxyphenyl)methyloxy]benzaldehyde and 3,5-bis[(3,5-bisoctyloxyphenyl)methyloxy]benzyl alcohol adsorbed on graphite is presented. Very highly resolved scanning tunnelling microscopy images are observed at room temperature in air allowing the analysis of the conformation of the adsorbed molecules. These long-chain alkyl-decorated Fréchet-type dendrons are a powerful assembly motif and initially form a pattern based on trimeric units, assembled into hexagonal host structures with a pseudo-unit cell of seven molecules, one of which remains highly mobile. Over time, the supramolecular ordering changes from a trimeric into a dimeric pattern. The chirality arising from the adsorption onto a surface of the dendrons is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Merz
- Institute of Physics, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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16
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Otero R, Hümmelink F, Sato F, Legoas SB, Thostrup P, Laegsgaard E, Stensgaard I, Galvão DS, Besenbacher F. Lock-and-key effect in the surface diffusion of large organic molecules probed by STM. NATURE MATERIALS 2004; 3:779-782. [PMID: 15502831 DOI: 10.1038/nmat1243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2004] [Accepted: 09/02/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A nanoscale understanding of the complex dynamics of large molecules at surfaces is essential for the bottom-up design of molecular nanostructures. Here we show that we can change the diffusion coefficient of the complex organic molecule known as Violet Lander (VL, C(108)H(104)) on Cu(110) by two orders of magnitude by using the STM at low temperatures to switch between two adsorption configurations that differ only in the molecular orientation with respect to the substrate lattice. From an interplay with molecular dynamics simulations, we interpret the results within a lock-and-key model similar to the one driving the recognition between biomolecules: the molecule (key) is immobilized only when its orientation is such that the molecular shape fits the atomic lattice of the surface (lock); otherwise the molecule is highly mobile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Otero
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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17
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Gross L, Moresco F, Savio L, Gourdon A, Joachim C, Rieder KH. Scattering of surface state electrons at large organic molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 93:056103. [PMID: 15323715 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.056103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The scattering of surface state electrons at Lander-type molecules on Cu(111) is investigated by means of scanning tunneling microscope (STM) experiments at low temperature and model calculations. Specific information concerning the electronic interaction of the different internal groups of the molecule with the surface is obtained. Remarkably, the central molecular wire of the molecule, although decoupled from the surface by spacer groups and therefore not visible in STM images, is the main one responsible for scattering of surface state electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Gross
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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18
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Ghosh SC, Zhu X, Secchi A, Sadhukhan SK, Girdhar NK, Gourdon A. Molecular landers as probes for molecular device-metal surface interactions. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004; 1006:82-93. [PMID: 14976011 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1292.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Specifically designed series of molecules (landers), comprising a central rigid polyaromatic core and several spacers that decouple the board from the metallic surface, have been synthesized. UHV-STM studies, on one hand, have shown important distortions of the molecule by interaction with the substrate. On the other hand, surface restructuring results from the presence of the molecules.
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Schunack M, Rosei F, Naitoh Y, Jiang P, Gourdon A, Lægsgaard E, Stensgaard I, Joachim C, Besenbacher F. Adsorption behavior of Lander molecules on Cu(110) studied by scanning tunneling microscopy. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1498475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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20
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Rosei F, Schunack M, Jiang P, Gourdon A, Laegsgaard E, Stensgaard I, Joachim C, Besenbacher F. Organic molecules acting as templates on metal surfaces. Science 2002; 296:328-31. [PMID: 11951041 DOI: 10.1126/science.1069157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The electronic connection of single molecules to nanoelectrodes on a surface is a basic, unsolved problem in the emerging field of molecular nanoelectronics. By means of variable temperature scanning tunneling microscopy, we show that an organic molecule (C90H98), known as the Lander, can cause the rearrangement of atoms on a Cu(110) surface. These molecules act as templates accommodating metal atoms at the step edges of the copper substrate, forming metallic nanostructures (0.75 nanometers wide and 1.85 nanometers long) that are adapted to the dimensions of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rosei
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy and CAMP, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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