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Harpak N, Davidi G, Schneier D, Menkin S, Mados E, Golodnitsky D, Peled E, Patolsky F. Large-Scale Self-Catalyzed Spongelike Silicon Nano-Network-Based 3D Anodes for High-Capacity Lithium-Ion Batteries. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:1944-1954. [PMID: 30742440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b05127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report on the large-scale one-step preparation, characterization, and application of three-dimensional spongelike silicon alloy composite anodes, based on the catalyst-free growth of porous silicon nanonetworks directly onto highly conductive and flexible open-structure stainless steel current collectors. By the use of a key hydrofluoric-acid-based chemical pretreatment process, the originally noncatalytic stainless steel matrix becomes nanoporous and highly self-catalytic, thus greatly promoting the formation of a silicon spongelike network at unexpectedly low growth temperatures, 380-460 °C. Modulation of this unique chemical pretreatment allows control over the morphology and loading properties of the resulting silicon network. The spongelike silicon network growth is capable of completely filling the openings of the three-dimensional stainless steel substrates, thus allowing full control over the active material loading, while conserving high mechanical and chemical stabilities. Furthermore, extremely high silicon loadings are reached because of the supercatalytic nanoporous nature of the chemically treated stainless steel substrates (0.5-20 mg/cm2). This approach leads to the realization of highly electrically conductive Si-stainless steel composite anodes, due to the formation of silicon-network-to-stainless-steel contact sections composed of highly conductive metal silicide alloys, thus improving the electrical interface and mechanical stability between the silicon active network and the highly conductive metal current collector. More importantly, our one-step cost-effective growth approach allows the large-scale preparation of highly homogeneous ultrathin binder-free anodes, up to 2 m long, using a home-built CVD setup. Finally, we made use of these novel anodes for the assembly of Li-ion batteries exhibiting stable cycle life (cycled for over 500 cycles with <50% capacity loss at 0.1 mA), high gravimetric capacity (>3500 mA h/gSi at 0.1 mA/cm2), low irreversible capacity (<10%), and high Coulombic efficiency (>99.5%). Notably, these Si spongelike composite anodes of novel architecture meet the requirements of lithium batteries for future portable and electric-vehicle applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimrod Harpak
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978 , Israel
| | - Guy Davidi
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978 , Israel
| | - Dan Schneier
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978 , Israel
| | - Svetlana Menkin
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978 , Israel
| | - Edna Mados
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978 , Israel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, the Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978 , Israel
| | - Diana Golodnitsky
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978 , Israel
- Applied Materials Research Center , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978 , Israel
| | - Emanuel Peled
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978 , Israel
| | - Fernando Patolsky
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978 , Israel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, the Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978 , Israel
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Zhang C, Gu L, Kaskhedikar N, Cui G, Maier J. Preparation of silicon@silicon oxide core-shell nanowires from a silica precursor toward a high energy density Li-ion battery anode. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:12340-12345. [PMID: 24229329 DOI: 10.1021/am402930b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Bulk-quantity silicon@silicon oxide nanowires have been successfully synthesized via a facile high-temperature approach using environment-friendly silica mixed with titanium powders. It is confirmed that the obtained nanowires process a crystalline core and amorphous oxide sheath. The obtained nanowires grow along the [111] direction which catalyzed by spherical silicon@siilcon oxide nanoparticles. The unique one-dimensional structure and thin oxide sheath result in the favorable electrochemical performances, which may be beneficial to the high energy density silicon anode for lithium ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjian Zhang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 189 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
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Gabrielyan N, Saranti K, Manjunatha KN, Paul S. Growth of low temperature silicon nano-structures for electronic and electrical energy generation applications. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2013; 8:83. [PMID: 23413969 PMCID: PMC3586344 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-8-83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This paper represents the lowest growth temperature for silicon nano-wires (SiNWs) via a vapour-liquid-solid method, which has ever been reported in the literature. The nano-wires were grown using plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition technique at temperatures as low as 150°C using gallium as the catalyst. This study investigates the structure and the size of the grown silicon nano-structure as functions of growth temperature and catalyst layer thickness. Moreover, the choice of the growth temperature determines the thickness of the catalyst layer to be used.The electrical and optical characteristics of the nano-wires were tested by incorporating them in photovoltaic solar cells, two terminal bistable memory devices and Schottky diode. With further optimisation of the growth parameters, SiNWs, grown by our method, have promising future for incorporation into high performance electronic and optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nare Gabrielyan
- Emerging Technologies Research Centre, De Montfort University, Hawthorn Building, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Konstantina Saranti
- Emerging Technologies Research Centre, De Montfort University, Hawthorn Building, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Krishna Nama Manjunatha
- Emerging Technologies Research Centre, De Montfort University, Hawthorn Building, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Shashi Paul
- Emerging Technologies Research Centre, De Montfort University, Hawthorn Building, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
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Zheng J, Yang R, Xie L, Qu J, Liu Y, Li X. Plasma-assisted approaches in inorganic nanostructure fabrication. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:1451-73. [PMID: 20349435 DOI: 10.1002/adma.200903147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plasma is a unique medium for chemical reactions and materials preparations, which also finds its application in the current tide of nanostructure fabrication. Although plasma-assisted approaches have been long used in thin-film deposition and the top-down scheme of micro-/nanofabrication, fabrication of zero- and one-dimensional inorganic nanostructures through the bottom-up scheme is a relatively new focus of plasma application. In this article, recent plasma-assisted techniques in inorganic zero- and one-dimensional nanostructure fabrication are reviewed, which includes four categories of plasma-assisted approaches: plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, thermal plasma sintering with liquid/solid feeding, thermal plasma evaporation and condensation, and plasma treatment of solids. The special effects and the advantages of plasmas on nanostructure fabrication are illustrated with examples, emphasizing on the understandings and ideas for controlling the growth, structure, and properties during plasma-assisted fabrications. This Review provides insight into the utilization of the special properties of plasmas in nanostructure fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, The State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
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Yan XB, Xu T, Xu S, Chen G, Xue QJ, Yang SR. Polymer-assisted synthesis of aligned amorphous silicon nanowires and their core/shell structures with Au nanoparticles. Chem Phys Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.08.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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