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Yoon Y, Cho M. Detrimental impacts and QSAR baseline toxicity assessment of Japanese medaka embryos exposed to methylparaben and its halogenated byproducts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:171448. [PMID: 38453088 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Despite the theoretical risk of forming halogenated methylparabens (halo-MePs) during water chlorination in the absence or presence of bromide ions, there remains a lack of in vivo toxicological assessments on vertebrate organisms for halo-MePs. This research addresses these gaps by investigating the lethal (assessed by embryo coagulation) or sub-lethal (assessed by hatching success/heartbeat rate) toxicity and teratogenicity (assessed by deformity rate) of MeP and its mono- and di-halogen derivatives (Cl- or Br-) using Japanese medaka embryos. In assessing selected apical endpoints to discern patterns in physiological or biochemical alterations, heightened toxic impacts were observed for halo-MePs compared to MeP. These include a higher incidence of embryo coagulation (4-36 fold), heartbeat rate decrement (11-36 fold), deformity rate increment (32-223 fold), hatching success decrement (11-59 fold), and an increase in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) level (1.2-7.4 fold)/Catalase (CAT) activity (1.7-2.8 fold). Experimentally determined LC50 values are correlated and predicted using a Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) based on the speciation-corrected liposome-water distribution ratio (Dlipw, pH 7.5). The QSAR baseline toxicity aligns well with (sub)lethal toxicity and teratogenicity, as evidenced by toxic ratio (TR) analysis showing TR < 10 for MeP exposure in all cases, while significant specific or reactive toxicity was found for halo-MeP exposure, with TR > 10 observed (excepting three values). Our extensive findings contribute novel insights into the intricate interplay of embryonic toxicity during the early-life-stage of Japanese medaka, with a specific focus on highlighting the potential hazards associated with halo-MePs compared to the parent compound MeP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younggun Yoon
- Gyeongnam Department of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Gyeongsangnam-do, 52834, South Korea; Division of Biotechnology, SELS Center, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, South Korea.
| | - Min Cho
- Division of Biotechnology, SELS Center, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, South Korea.
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2
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Hepditch SL, Birceanu O, Wilkie MP. A Toxic Unit and Additive Index Approach to Understanding the Interactions of 2 Piscicides, 3-Trifluoromethyl-4-Nitrophenol and Niclosamide, in Rainbow Trout. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:1419-1430. [PMID: 33507577 PMCID: PMC8252420 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The toxic unit and additive index approaches were used to understand how 2 pesticides, 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) and 2,5-dichloro-4-nitrosalicylanilide (niclosamide; Nic), interact in mixtures. Our first objective was to determine whether the interaction was strictly additive or greater than additive at doses comparable to those used to control invasive sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the Laurentian Great Lakes, and our second was to compare the utility of the toxic unit and additive index models for determining how TFM and Nic interacted. Typically, TFM is mixed with Nic (1-2%, w/v) to increase its potency and reduce TFM use. However, there is little information on how the 2 chemicals interact. Using a well-studied, resident nontarget fish, the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), we conducted toxicity tests with TFM, Nic, and TFM:Nic (100:1, w/v; TFM/1% Nic) mixtures over 12 h to determine if the interaction was strictly additive, less than additive (antagonistic), or greater than additive (synergistic). The toxic unit and additive index approaches indicated synergistic interactions at environmentally relevant concentrations, suggesting that both are valid approaches for predicting how TFM and Nic interact. The toxic unit approach was simpler to conceptualize and to calculate, and we recommend that it be used when describing how TFM and Nic, and other similar organic compounds, interact with each other in aquatic ecosystems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1419-1430. © 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oana Birceanu
- Department of BiologyWilfrid Laurier UniversityWaterlooOntarioCanada
| | - Michael P. Wilkie
- Department of BiologyWilfrid Laurier UniversityWaterlooOntarioCanada
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3
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Chatzopoulou M, Emer E, Lecci C, Rowley JA, Casagrande AS, Moir L, Squire SE, Davies SG, Harriman S, Wynne GM, Wilson FX, Davies KE, Russell AJ. Decreasing HepG2 Cytotoxicity by Lowering the Lipophilicity of Benzo[d]oxazolephosphinate Ester Utrophin Modulators. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:2421-2427. [PMID: 33335663 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Utrophin modulation is a disease-modifying therapeutic strategy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy that would be applicable to all patient populations. To improve the suboptimal profile of ezutromid, the first-in-class clinical candidate, a second generation of utrophin modulators bearing a phosphinate ester moiety was developed. This modification significantly improved the physicochemical and ADME properties, but one of the main lead molecules was found to have dose-limiting hepatotoxicity. In this work we describe how less lipophilic analogues retained utrophin modulatory activity in a reporter gene assay, upregulated utrophin protein in dystrophic mouse muscle cells, but also had improved physicochemical and ADME properties. Notably, ClogP was found to directly correlate with pIC50 in HepG2 cells, hence leading to a potentially safer toxicological profiles in this series. Compound 21 showed a balanced profile (H2K EC50: 4.17 μM, solubility: 477 μM, mouse hepatocyte T 1/2 > 240 min) and increased utrophin protein 1.6-fold in a Western blot assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chatzopoulou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Enrico Emer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Cristina Lecci
- Evoetec (U.K.) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Milton, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, U.K
| | - Jessica A. Rowley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | | | - Lee Moir
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, U.K
| | - Sarah E. Squire
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, U.K
| | - Stephen G. Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Shawn Harriman
- Summit Therapeutics plc, 136a Eastern Avenue, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4SB, U.K
| | - Graham M. Wynne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Francis X. Wilson
- Summit Therapeutics plc, 136a Eastern Avenue, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4SB, U.K
| | - Kay E. Davies
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, U.K
| | - Angela J. Russell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3PQ, U.K
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Font M, Romano B, González-Peñas E, Sanmartín C, Plano D, Palop JA. Methylselenol release as a cytotoxic tool: a study of the mechanism of the activity achieved by two series of methylselenocarbamate derivatives. Metallomics 2019; 10:1128-1140. [PMID: 30062350 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00140e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A molecular modeling study has been carried out on two previously reported series of methylselenocarbamate derivatives that show remarkable antiproliferative and cytotoxic in vitro activity, against a panel of human cancer cell lines. These derivatives can be considered as having been constructed by a selenomethyl fragment located over a carbon atom which is decorated with two carbamate moieties, both aliphatic and aromatic, one of them attached by a single bond to the central carbon atom, while the second is connected by a double bond. According to the data obtained, these derivatives can undergo a water-mediated nucleophilic attack on the carbons with marked electrophilic character, which leads to the rupture of C-Se and carbamate C-O bonds. The aliphatic derivatives, series 1, show an early release of methylselenol and a further release of hydroxyl derivatives (alcohols), whereas the aromatic carbamates, series 2, show an early release of phenols followed by the subsequent release of methylselenol. Thus, the activity of the compounds can be related to the progressive release of active fragments. The data that support this connection are related to the overall molecular topology, volume and surface area as well as to quantum parameters such as the relative electrophilic character of the target carbon atoms (measured in terms of positive charge values) or the bond order values, especially concerning the central C-SeCH3 bond and the carbamate ones. Moreover, the data obtained regarding the chromatographic behavior of some representative compounds confirm this proposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Font
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Dpto de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Sección de Modelización Molecular, Irunlarrea 1, Pamplona, E-31008, Spain.
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Phenol-based millipede defence: antimicrobial activity of secretions from the Balkan endemic millipede Apfelbeckia insculpta (L. Koch, 1867) (Diplopoda: Callipodida). THE SCIENCE OF NATURE - NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN 2019; 106:37. [PMID: 31209578 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-019-1631-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Millipedes use an array of chemical compounds to defend themselves from predator attack. These chemical substances can have additional roles, i.e. defence against various pathogens. We evaluated the efficacy of the defensive secretion of Apfelbeckia insculpta (L. Koch, 1867) against bacteria, yeasts, and filamentous fungi. The tested secretion consisted of two compounds, p-cresol and phenol, and showed antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antifungal potential against all selected microorganisms. The most sensitive bacterium in our study was Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while the tested defensive secretion manifested the lowest activity against Escherichia coli. The defensive secretion of A. insculpta also showed an ability, albeit mild, to suppress biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa. Among the tested yeasts, Candida albicans and C. krusei were the most susceptible and most resistant species, respectively. Finally, the concentration of extracts obtained from the tested defensive secretion needed to achieve an antifungal effect was lowest in the case of Cladosporium cladosporioides. Fusarium verticillioides and Penicillium rubens were the micromycetes most resistant to the tested secretion. Our results indicate that antibacterial activity of the defensive secretion of A. insculpta is similar to or slightly weaker than that of streptomycin, while comparison with antimycotics showed that the tested millipede secretion has stronger activity than fluconazole, but weaker activity than nystatin and ketoconazole. The present study corroborates previous findings indicating that the defensive secretions of millipedes can have different roles apart from antipredator protection and are effective against pathogenic microorganisms.
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Wilkie MP, Hubert TD, Boogaard MA, Birceanu O. Control of invasive sea lampreys using the piscicides TFM and niclosamide: Toxicology, successes & future prospects. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 211:235-252. [PMID: 30770146 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The invasion of the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America by sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) in the early 20th century contributed to the depletion of commercial, recreational and culturally important fish populations, devastating the economies of communities that relied on the fishery. Sea lamprey populations were subsequently controlled using an aggressive integrated pest-management program which employed barriers and traps to prevent sea lamprey from migrating to their spawning grounds and the use of the piscicides (lampricides) 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) and niclosamide to eliminate larval sea lampreys from their nursery streams. Although sea lampreys have not been eradicated from the Great Lakes, populations have been suppressed to less than 10% of their peak numbers in the mid-1900s. The ongoing use of lampricides provides the foundation for sea lamprey control in the Great Lakes, one of the most successful invasive species control programs in the world. Yet, significant gaps remain in our understanding of how lampricides are taken-up and handled by sea lampreys, how lampricides exert their toxic effects, and how they adversely affect non-target invertebrate and vertebrates species. In this review we examine what has been learned about the uptake, handling and elimination, and the mode of TFM and niclosamide toxicity in lampreys and in non-target animals, particularly in the last 10 years. It is now clear that the mode of TFM toxicity is the same in non-target fishes and lampreys, in which TFM interferes with oxidative phosphorylation by the mitochondria leading to decreased ATP production. Vulnerability to TFM is related to abiotic factors such as water pH and alkalinity, which we propose changes the relative amounts of the bioavailable un-ionized form of TFM in the gill microenvironment. Niclosamide, which is also a molluscicide used to control snails in areas prone to schistosomiasis infections of humans, also likely works by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation, but less is known about other aspects of its toxicology. The effects of TFM include reductions in energy stores, particularly glycogen and high energy phosphagens. However, non-target fishes readily recover from sub-lethal TFM exposure as demonstrated by the rapid restoration of energy stores and clearance of TFM. Although both TFM and niclosamide are non-persistent in the environment and critical for sea lamprey control, increasing public and institutional concerns about pesticides in the environment makes it imperative to explore other means of sea lamprey control. Accordingly, we also address possible "next-generation" strategies of sea lamprey control including genetic tools such as RNA interference and CRISPR-Cas9 to impair critical physiological processes (e.g. reproduction, digestion, metamorphosis) in lamprey, and the use of green chemistry to develop more environmentally benign chemical methods of sea lamprey control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Wilkie
- Department of Biology & Laurier Institute for Water Science, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3C5, Canada.
| | - Terrance D Hubert
- Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, United States Geological Survey, La Crosse, WI, 54603, USA
| | - Michael A Boogaard
- Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, United States Geological Survey, La Crosse, WI, 54603, USA
| | - Oana Birceanu
- Department of Biology & Laurier Institute for Water Science, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3C5, Canada
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Dehydrodieugenol B derivatives as antiparasitic agents: Synthesis and biological activity against Trypanosoma cruzi. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 176:162-174. [PMID: 31103897 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease is a neglected protozoan disease that affects more than eight million people in developing countries. Due to the limited number and toxicity profiles of therapies in current use, new drugs are urgently needed. In previous studies, we reported the isolation of two related antitrypanosomal neolignans from Nectandra leucantha (Lauraceae). In this work, a semi-synthetic library of twenty-three neolignan derivatives was prepared to explore synthetically accessible structure activity relationships (SAR) against Trypanosoma cruzi. Five compounds demonstrated activity against trypomastigotes (IC50 values from 8 to 64 μM) and eight showed activity against intracellular amastigotes (IC50 values from 7 to 16 μM). Eighteen derivatives demonstrated no mammalian cytotoxicity up to 200 μM. The phenolic acetate derivative of natural dehydrodieugenol B was effective against both parasite forms and eliminated 100% of amastigotes inside macrophages. This compound caused rapid and intense depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential, with decreased levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species being observed. Fluorescence assays demonstrated that this derivative affected neither the permeability nor the electric potential of the parasitic plasma membrane, an effect also corroborated by scanning electron microscopy studies. Structure-activity relationship studies (SARs) demonstrated that the presence of at least one allyl side chain on the biaryl ether core was important for antitrypanosomal activity, and that the free phenol is not essential. This set of neolignan derivatives represents a promising starting point for future Chagas disease drug discovery studies.
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Küçük D, Liman R. Cytogenetic and genotoxic effects of 2-chlorophenol on Allium cepa L. root meristem cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:36117-36123. [PMID: 30357725 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3502-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
2-Chlorophenol (2-CP), a class of chlorinated organic pollutants like other chlorophenols, is used as intermediate in the synthesis of the higher chlorinated congeners, certain dyes, preservatives, herbicides, fungicides, and plastics. In this study, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of 2-CP were investigated on the root meristem cells of Allium cepa for its effects on root growth, mitotic index (MI), mitotic phases, chromosomal abnormalities (CAs), and DNA damage by using Allium anaphase-telophase and Comet assays. EC50 of 2-CP value was determined as approximately 25 mg/L by Allium root growth inhibition test. Three concentrations of 2-CP (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/L), distilled water (negative control), and methyl methane sulfonate (MMS, 10 mg/L, positive control) were applied to onion stem cells under different exposure periods (24, 48, 72, and 96 h). All the applied doses of 2-CP slightly decreased MIs. 2-CP induced total CAs such as disturbed anaphase-telophase, chromosome laggards, stickiness, and bridges and also DNA damage at significant levels. These results demonstrate that 2-CP has genotoxic effects in A. cepa root meristematic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Küçük
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Uşak University, 1 Eylül Campus, 64300, Uşak, Turkey
| | - Recep Liman
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Uşak University, 1 Eylül Campus, 64300, Uşak, Turkey.
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Dorival-García N, Carillo S, Ta C, Roberts D, Comstock K, Lofthouse S, Ciceri E, D'Silva K, Kierans G, Kaisermayer C, Lindeberg A, Bones J. Large-Scale Assessment of Extractables and Leachables in Single-Use Bags for Biomanufacturing. Anal Chem 2018; 90:9006-9015. [PMID: 29943976 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Single-use technologies (SUTs) are widely used during biopharmaceutical manufacture as disposable bioreactors or media and buffer storage bags. Despite their advantages, the risk of release of extractable and leachable (E&Ls) substances is considered an important drawback in adopting disposables in the biomanufacturing process. E&Ls may detrimentally affect cell viability or productivity or may persist during purification and present a risk to the patient if remaining in the final drug product. In this study, 34 plastic films from single-use bags (SUBs) for cell cultivation were extracted with selected solvents that represent reasonable worst-case conditions for most typical biomanufacturing applications. SUBs were incubated at small-scale under accelerated-aging conditions that represented standard operational conditions of use. Leachables analysis was performed following dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) for analyte preconcentration and removal of matrix interference. Resulting extracts were characterized by GC-headspace for volatiles, high resolution GC-Orbitrap-MS/MS for semivolatiles, high resolution LC-Orbitrap-MS/MS for nonvolatiles, and ICP-MS for trace elemental analysis. Multivariate statistical analysis of the analytical data revealed significant correlations between the type and concentration of compounds and bags features including brand, manufacturing date and polymer type. The analytical data demonstrates that, over recent years, the nature of E&Ls has been altered due to the implementation of manufacturing changes and new types of polymers and may change further with the future advent of regulations that will limit or ban the use of certain raw materials and additives. The broad E&L database generated herein facilitates toxicological assessments from a biomanufacturing standpoint and provides practical guidelines for confident determination of E&Ls to enable screening and elimination of nonsatisfactory films for single use bioprocessing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Dorival-García
- Characterization and Comparability Laboratory , NIBRT-The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training , Foster Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co. , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Sara Carillo
- Characterization and Comparability Laboratory , NIBRT-The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training , Foster Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co. , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Christine Ta
- Characterization and Comparability Laboratory , NIBRT-The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training , Foster Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co. , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Dominic Roberts
- Thermo Fisher Scientific , Manor Park, Tudor Rd , Cheshire , Runcorn WA7 1TA , United Kingdom
| | - Kate Comstock
- Thermo Fisher Scientific , 355 River Oaks Pkwy , San Jose , California 95134 , United States
| | - Simon Lofthouse
- Thermo Fisher Scientific , Stafford House, Boundary Park , Hemel Hempstead HP2 7GE , United Kingdom
| | - Elena Ciceri
- Thermo Fisher Scientific , Via Milano, 4 , 20090 Rodano , MI , Italy
| | - Kyle D'Silva
- Thermo Fisher Scientific , Stafford House, Boundary Park , Hemel Hempstead HP2 7GE , United Kingdom
| | - Gerald Kierans
- Pfizer Ireland Pharmaceuticals , Grange Castle Business Park, Nangor Road , Clondalkin , Dublin 22 D22 V8F8 , Ireland
| | - Christian Kaisermayer
- BioMarin International Limited , Shanbally, Ringaskiddy , Co. Cork P43 R298 , Ireland
| | - Anna Lindeberg
- BioMarin International Limited , Shanbally, Ringaskiddy , Co. Cork P43 R298 , Ireland
| | - Jonathan Bones
- Characterization and Comparability Laboratory , NIBRT-The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training , Foster Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co. , Dublin , Ireland.,School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering , University College Dublin , Belfield, Dublin 4 , Ireland
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Karthikeyan S, Kumar S, Durndell LJ, Isaacs MA, Parlett CMA, Coulson B, Douthwaite RE, Jiang Z, Wilson K, Lee AF. Size-Dependent Visible Light Photocatalytic Performance of Cu2
O Nanocubes. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201800439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sekar Karthikeyan
- European Bioenergy Research Institute; Aston University; Aston Triangle Birmingham B4 7ET UK
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Bath; Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Lee J. Durndell
- European Bioenergy Research Institute; Aston University; Aston Triangle Birmingham B4 7ET UK
| | - Mark A. Isaacs
- European Bioenergy Research Institute; Aston University; Aston Triangle Birmingham B4 7ET UK
| | | | - Ben Coulson
- Department of Chemistry; University of York; York YO10 5DD UK
| | | | - Zhi Jiang
- Research Center for Combustion and Environment Technology; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai P.R. China
| | - Karen Wilson
- School of Science; RMIT University; Melbourne VIC 3001 Australia
| | - Adam F. Lee
- School of Science; RMIT University; Melbourne VIC 3001 Australia
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Dorival-García N, Bones J. Monitoring leachables from single-use bioreactor bags for mammalian cell culture by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1512:51-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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12
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Vuorinen A, Engeli RT, Leugger S, Kreutz CR, Schuster D, Odermatt A, Matuszczak B. Phenylbenzenesulfonates and -sulfonamides as 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 inhibitors: Synthesis and SAR-analysis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:2982-2985. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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13
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Dorival-García N, Bones J. Evaluation of solvent systems for optimized extractables studies of single use bioprocessing solutions. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1513:69-77. [PMID: 28739275 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite their advantages, there is concern that single-use systems used in biopharmaceutical manufacture might release potentially toxic substances during standard unit operations that negatively impact cell growth. Characterization of the extractables profile for single-use systems is necessary to know which compounds potentially become leachables under operational cell culture conditions. A key issue in the design of extractables studies is the composition of the model solvent, in particular its pH and polarity. In this study, a new approach, based on design of experiments (DoE), has been applied to determine the composition of the model solvent for extractable profiling of single-use bags (SUBs). Particular focus was placed on the determination of the degradation products of the antioxidant Irgafos 168®, due to evidence that some of these degradation products have cytotoxic effects on CHO cells. Results indicated that 2-propanol:water is the most appropriate solvent for the extraction of highly hydrophobic compounds with polar groups and/or acid-base properties from SUBs. The described DoE approach simplifies the number of experiments, evaluates all possible solvent water mixtures to select the best extraction solvent based on polarity, establishes the influence of each variable and provides information about variable interaction, which represents an important improvement over current best practice. The developed approach was applied to seven SUBs from different vendors and production dates facilitating the identification of potentially non-satisfactory films for cultivation of CHO cell lines under process conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Dorival-García
- Characterisation and Comparability Laboratory, NIBRT-The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Foster Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co., Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jonathan Bones
- Characterisation and Comparability Laboratory, NIBRT-The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Foster Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co., Dublin, Ireland; School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Font M, Plano D, Sanmartín C, Palop JA. Topological and quantum molecular descriptors as effective tools for analyzing cytotoxic activity achieved by a series of (diselanediyldibenzene-4,1-diylnide)biscarbamate derivatives. J Mol Graph Model 2017; 73:62-73. [PMID: 28236745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A molecular modeling study has been carried out on a previously reported series of (diselanediyldibenzene-4,1-diylnide)biscarbamate derivatives that show cytotoxic and antiproliferative in vitro activity against MCF-7 human cell line; radical scavenging properties were also confirmed when these compounds were tested for their ability to scavenge DPPH and ABTS radicals. The data obtained allowed us to classify the compounds into two different groups: (a) aliphatic carbamates for which the activity could be related with a first nucleophilic attack (mediated by H2O, for example) on the selenium atoms of the central scaffold, followed by the release of the alkyl N-(4-selanylphenyl) and N-(4-selenenophenyl)carbamate moieties. Then, a second nucleophilic attack on the carbamate moiety, to yield 4-aminobenzeneselenol and 4-selenenoaniline respectively, which can ultimately be responsible for the activity of the compounds; (b) aromatic carbamates, for which we propose a preferred nucleophilic attack on the carbamate moiety, yielding 4-[(4-aminophenyl)diselanyl]aniline, the common structural fragment for this series, for which we have previously demonstrated its cytotoxic profile. Then, selenium atoms of the central fragment may later undergo a new nucleophilic attack, to yield 4-selenenoaniline and 4-aminobenzeneselenol. The phenolic moieties released in this process may also have a synergistic cytotoxic and redox activity. The data that support this connection include the conformational behavior and the molecular topography of the derivatives which can influence the accessibility of the hydrolysis points, and some quantum descriptors (bond order, atomic charges, total valences, ionization potential, electron affinity, HOMO 0 and LUMO 0 location, etc.) that have been related to the biological activity of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Font
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Dpto de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Sección de Modelización Molecular, Irunlarrea, 1, Pamplona, E-31008, Spain; IdISNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Recinto del Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Irunlarrea 3, Pamplona, E-31008, Spain.
| | - Daniel Plano
- IdISNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Recinto del Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Irunlarrea 3, Pamplona, E-31008, Spain; University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Dpto de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Sección de Síntesis, Navarra, Irunlarrea, 1, Pamplona, E-31008, Spain
| | - Carmen Sanmartín
- IdISNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Recinto del Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Irunlarrea 3, Pamplona, E-31008, Spain; University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Dpto de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Sección de Síntesis, Navarra, Irunlarrea, 1, Pamplona, E-31008, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Palop
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Dpto de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Sección de Síntesis, Navarra, Irunlarrea, 1, Pamplona, E-31008, Spain
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15
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Yevglevskis M, Lee GL, Nathubhai A, Petrova YD, James TD, Threadgill MD, Woodman TJ, Lloyd MD. A novel colorimetric assay for α-methylacyl-CoA racemase 1A (AMACR; P504S) utilizing the elimination of 2,4-dinitrophenolate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:5087-5090. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc00476a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A versatile continuous colorimetric assay for AMACR is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksims Yevglevskis
- Drug & Target Development
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology
- University of Bath
- Bath BA2 7AY
- UK
| | - Guat L. Lee
- Drug & Target Development
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology
- University of Bath
- Bath BA2 7AY
- UK
| | - Amit Nathubhai
- Drug & Target Development
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology
- University of Bath
- Bath BA2 7AY
- UK
| | - Yoana D. Petrova
- Drug & Target Development
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology
- University of Bath
- Bath BA2 7AY
- UK
| | - Tony D. James
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bath
- Bath BA2 7AY
- UK
| | - Michael D. Threadgill
- Drug & Target Development
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology
- University of Bath
- Bath BA2 7AY
- UK
| | - Timothy J. Woodman
- Drug & Target Development
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology
- University of Bath
- Bath BA2 7AY
- UK
| | - Matthew D. Lloyd
- Drug & Target Development
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology
- University of Bath
- Bath BA2 7AY
- UK
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16
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Novak Jovanović I, Čižmek L, Komorsky-Lovrić Š. Electrochemistry-based determination of pungency level of hot peppers using the voltammetry of microparticles. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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17
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Schaich K, Tian X, Xie J. Reprint of “Hurdles and pitfalls in measuring antioxidant efficacy: A critical evaluation of ABTS, DPPH, and ORAC assays”. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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18
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Bukowska B, Wieteska P, Kwiatkowska M, Sicińska P, Michalowicz J. Evaluation of the effect of 2,4-dichlorophenol on oxidative parameters and viability of human blood mononuclear cells (in vitro). Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 35:775-84. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327115606789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) is formed in drinking water as a result of its chlorination, and it is created in the environment during transformation of various xenobiotics such as triclosan or herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The molecular mechanism depicting the action of phenolic compounds on nucleated blood cells has been insufficiently studied, and therefore, we have assessed the effect of 2,4-DCP on the structure and viability of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We have evaluated necrotic, apoptotic, and morphological changes (alterations in the size and granulation) in PBMCs incubated with 2,4-DCP in the concentration ranging from 10 to 500 µg mL−1 for 4 h at 37°C. Moreover, we have estimated changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonylation in the incubated cells. We have noted that 2,4-DCP increased ROS formation and lipid peroxidation (from 10 µg mL−1) and oxidized proteins (from 50 µg mL−1) in PBMCs. The compound studied also provoked apoptotic (from 50 µg mL−1), necrotic (from 100 µg mL−1) and alterations in the size and granulation (from 50 µg mL−1) in the incubated cells. The analysis of quinolinium 4-[(3-methyl-2(3 H)-benzoxazolylidene)methyl]-1-[3-(trimethyl-ammonio)-propyl]-diiodide/propidium iodide staining revealed that 2,4-DCP (50–250 µg mL−1) more strongly increased the number of apoptotic than necrotic cells, which suggests that this cell death type is mainly provoked by this compound in PBMCs. The observed changes were caused by relatively high concentrations of 2,4-DCP, which cannot influence human organism during environmental exposure and thus may only occur as a result of acute or subacute poisoning with this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bukowska
- Department of Environmental Pollution Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - P Wieteska
- Department of Environmental Pollution Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - M Kwiatkowska
- Department of Environmental Pollution Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - P Sicińska
- Department of Environmental Pollution Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - J Michalowicz
- Department of Environmental Pollution Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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19
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Schaich K, Tian X, Xie J. Hurdles and pitfalls in measuring antioxidant efficacy: A critical evaluation of ABTS, DPPH, and ORAC assays. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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20
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Luo H, Li X, Fang T, Liu P, Zhang C, Xie H, Sun E. The toxicity of binary mixture of Cu (II) ion and phenols on Tetrahymena thermophila. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 113:412-417. [PMID: 25540853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of binary mixture of Cu(2+) and phenols (phenol; o-nitrophenol; m-nitrophenol; p-nitrophenol) was evaluated using Tetrahymena thermophila as the model organism, by microcalorimetry, optical density, field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The growth curves and metabolic properties of Tetrahymena exposed to Cu(2+) and phenols were monitored by microcalorimetry. Binary mixture toxicity changed with the concentration of Cu(2+)/phenols and the order of toxicity was Cu(2+)/phenol<Cu(2+)/m-nitrophenol<Cu(2+)/o-nitrophenol<Cu(2+)/p-nitrophenol. The results of FESEM and ATR-FTIR also indicated that Cu(2+)/phenols had a great effect on cell cortex and flagellum. A synergistic effect was noted between Cu(2+) and phenols on Tetrahymena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Luo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tingting Fang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaocan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hao Xie
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Enjie Sun
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
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21
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Wang Y, Zhang GY, Han QL, Wang J, Li Y, Yu CH, Li YR, Yi ZC. Phenolic metabolites of benzene induced caspase-dependent cytotoxicities to K562 cells accompanied with decrease in cell surface sialic acids. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2014; 29:1437-1451. [PMID: 23776099 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Benzene-induced erythropoietic depression has been proposed to be due to the production of toxic metabolites. Presently, the cytotoxicities of benzene metabolites, including phenol, catechol, hydroquinone, and 1,2,4-benzenetriol, to erythroid progenitor-like K562 cells were investigated. After exposure to these metabolites, K562 cells showed significant inhibition of viability and apoptotic characteristics. Each metabolite caused a significant increase in activities of caspase-3, -8, and -9, and pretreatment with caspase-3, -8, and -9 inhibitors significantly inhibited benzene metabolites-induced phosphatidylserine exposure. These metabolites also elevated expression of Fas and FasL on the cell surface. After exposure to benzene metabolites, K562 cells showed an increase in reactive oxygen species level, and pretreatment with N-acetyl-l-cysteine significantly protected against the cytotoxicity of each metabolite. Interestingly, the control K562 cells and the phenol-exposed cells aggregated together, but the cells exposed to other metabolites were scattered. Further analysis showed that hydroquione, catechol, and 1,2,4-benzenetriol induced a decrease in the cell surface sialic acid levels and an increase in the cell surface sialidase activity, but phenol did not cause any changes in sialic acid levels and sialidase activity. Consistently, an increase in expression level of sialidase Neu3 mRNA and a decrease in mRNA level of sialyltransferase ST3GAL3 gene were detected in hydroquione-, catechol-, or 1,2,4-benzenetriol-treated cells, but no change in mRNA levels of two genes were found in phenol-treated cells. In conclusion, these benzene metabolites could induce apoptosis of K562 cells mainly through caspase-8-dependent pathway and ROS production, and sialic acid metabolism might play a role in the apoptotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
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22
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Shah NA, Khan MR, Sattar S, Ahmad B, Mirza B. HPLC-DAD analysis, antioxidant potential and anti-urease activity of Asparagus gracilis collected from District Islamabad. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:347. [PMID: 25245231 PMCID: PMC4179820 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Asparagus gracilis subspecie of Asparagus capitatus Baker, is described as food and medicine for various ailments. In this study we investigated, its phenolic constituents, in vitro antioxidant potential against various free radicals and anti-urease potential. Methods Asparagus gracilis aerial parts collected from District Islamabad, Pakistan were extracted with crude methanol which was further fractionated into n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous fraction. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were estimated for extract and all the derived fractions. Diverse in vitro antioxidants assays such as DPPH, H2O2, •OH, ABTS, β-carotene bleaching assay, superoxide radical, lipid peroxidation, reducing power, and total antioxidant capacity were studied to assess scavenging potential. Antiurease activity of methanol extract and its derived fractions was also investigated. HPLC-DAD analysis of crude methanol extract was performed by using different phenolic standards. Results Ethyl acetate fraction expressed maximum content of flavonoids (240.6 ± 6.1 mg RE/g dry sample), phenolics (615 ± 13 mg GAE/g dry sample) and best antioxidant potential among different fractions of crude methanol extract. Hydrogen peroxide assay and hydroxyl, supeoxide, nitric oxide free radicals antioxidant assays as well as beta carotene assay showed significant correlation with flavonoid content while hydrogen peroxide, ABTS and lipid peroxidation assay displayed significant correlation with phenolic content. HPLC analysis showed the presence of important phenolics i.e. catechin (4.04 ± 0.02 μg/mg sample), caffeic acid (0.89 ± 0.003 μg/mg sample), rutin (24.58 ± 0.1 μg/mg sample), myricetin (1.13 ± 0.07 μg/mg sample) and quercetin (14.91 ± 0.09 μg/mg sample). Ethyl acetate fraction expressed lowest IC50 in antiurease activity. Correlation analysis of antiurease activity expressed significant correlation with flavonoids (P < 0.004) and phenolics (P < 0.02) proposing multipotent activity of fractions. Conclusion These results revealed the presence of some bioactive compound in the ethyl acetate fraction having both antioxidant as well as antiurease potential.
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23
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Gallucci MN, Carezzano ME, Oliva MM, Demo MS, Pizzolitto RP, Zunino MP, Zygadlo JA, Dambolena JS. In vitro activity of natural phenolic compounds against fluconazole-resistant Candida species: a quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 116:795-804. [PMID: 24387763 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the antifungal activity and to analyse the structure-activity relationship of eleven natural phenolic compounds against four Candida species which are resistant to fluconazole. METHODS AND RESULTS Four different species of Candida isolates were used: Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida tropicalis and Candida dubliniensis. The phenolic compound carvacrol showed the highest anti-Candida bioactivity, followed by thymol and isoeugenol. The obtained minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values obtained were used in a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis where the electronic, steric, thermodynamic and topological descriptors served as dependent variables. According to the descriptors obtained in this QSAR study, the antifungal activity of phenols has a first action specific character which is based on their interaction with plasma or mitochondrial membranes. The second action is based on a steric descriptor-the maximal and minimal projection of the area-which could explain the inability of some phenolic compounds to be biotransformed to quinones methylene by Candida species. CONCLUSIONS According to the descriptors obtained in this QSAR study, the anti-Candida activity of ortho-substituted phenols is due to more than one action mechanism. The anti-Candida activity of phenolic compounds can be predicted by their molecular properties and structural characteristics. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY These results could be employed to predict the anti-Candida activity of new phenolic compounds in the search for new alternatives or complementary therapies to combat against candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Gallucci
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Córdoba, Argentina
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24
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Suriguga, Li XF, Li Y, Yu CH, Li YR, Yi ZC. The role of catechol-O-methyltransferase in catechol-enhanced erythroid differentiation of K562 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 273:635-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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25
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Redox properties of ginger extracts: Perspectives of use of Zingiber officinale Rosc. as antidiabetic agent. Interdiscip Toxicol 2013; 6:26-33. [PMID: 24170976 PMCID: PMC3795318 DOI: 10.2478/intox-2013-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In traditional medicine, several medicinal plants or their extracts have been used to treat diabetes. Zingiber officinale Roscoe, known commonly as ginger, is consumed worldwide in cookeries as a spice and flavouring agent. It has been used as the spice and medicine for thousands of years. The present study was undertaken to investigate the potential protective effect of Zingiber officinale Rosc. in a model of oxidative damage to pancreatic β cells. The free radical scavenging activities and composition of the isolated n-hexane and ethanolic extracts were confronted with their protective, antioxidant and cytotoxic effects in INS-1E β cells. Unlike the n-hexane extract (exerting, paradoxically, stronger antiradical capacity), both low cytotoxicity and remarkable protective effects on β cell viability, followed by lowering oxidative stress markers were found for the ethanolic extract Zingiber officinale Rosc. The present study is the first pilot study to assess the protective potential of Zingiber officinale Rosc. in a model of cytotoxic conditions imposed by diabetes in β cells.
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Pan WB, Wei LM, Wei LL, Wu CC, Chang FR, Wu YC. Nitrophenol Derivatives Oxidized by Cerium(IV) Ammonium Nitrate (CAN) and Their Cytotoxicity. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200500086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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27
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Penhoat M. Scope and limitations of a 1H NMR method for the prediction of substituted phenols pKa values in water, CH3CN, DMF, DMSO and i-PrOH. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.02.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Abstract
Bioactivation through drug metabolism is frequently suspected as an initiating event in many drug toxicities. The CYP450 and peroxidase enzyme systems are generally considered the most important groups of enzymes involved in bioactivation, producing either electrophilic or radical metabolites. Drug design efforts routinely consider these factors, and a number of structural alerts for bioactivation have been identified. Among the most frequently encountered structural alerts are aromatic systems with electron-donating substituents and some five-membered heterocycles. Metabolism of these groups can lead to chemically reactive electrophiles. Strategies that have been used to minimize the associated risk involve replacing the structural-alert moiety, blocking or making metabolism less favorable, and incorporating metabolic soft spots to facilitate metabolism away from the structural-alert substituent. The metabolism of drugs to radicals usually leads to cellular oxidative stress. The formation of radical metabolites can be minimized through the use of similar approaches but remains an area less frequently considered in drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Walsh
- DMPK Consulting, Wake Forest, North Carolina 27587, USA.
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham F Smith
- Central Chemistry Team Lead, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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30
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A-CD Estrogens. I. Substituent Effects, Hormone Potency, and Receptor Subtype Selectivity in a New Family of Flexible Estrogenic Compounds. J Med Chem 2010; 54:433-48. [DOI: 10.1021/jm100513m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Kudugunti SK, Vad NM, Whiteside AJ, Naik BU, Yusuf MA, Srivenugopal KS, Moridani MY. Biochemical mechanism of caffeic acid phenylethyl ester (CAPE) selective toxicity towards melanoma cell lines. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 188:1-14. [PMID: 20685355 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Revised: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the current work, we investigated the in vitro biochemical mechanism of Caffeic Acid Phenylethyl Ester (CAPE) toxicity and eight hydroxycinnamic/caffeic acid derivatives in vitro, using tyrosinase enzyme as a molecular target in human SK-MEL-28 melanoma cells. Enzymatic reaction models using tyrosinase/O(2) and HRP/H(2)O(2) were used to delineate the role of one- and two-electron oxidation. Ascorbic acid (AA), NADH and GSH depletion were used as markers of quinone formation and oxidative stress in CAPE induced toxicity in melanoma cells. Ethylenediamine, an o-quinone trap, prevented the formation of o-quinone and oxidations of AA and NADH mediated by tyrosinase bioactivation of CAPE. The IC(50) of CAPE towards SK-MEL-28 melanoma cells was 15muM. Dicoumarol, a diaphorase inhibitor, and 1-bromoheptane, a GSH depleting agent, increased CAPE's toxicity towards SK-MEL-28 cells indicating quinone formation played an important role in CAPE induced cell toxicity. Cyclosporin-A and trifluoperazine, inhibitors of the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore (PTP), prevented CAPE toxicity towards melanoma cells. We further investigated the role of tyrosinase in CAPE toxicity in the presence of a shRNA plasmid, targeting tyrosinase mRNA. Results from tyrosinase shRNA experiments showed that CAPE led to negligible anti-proliferative effect, apoptotic cell death and ROS formation in shRNA plasmid treated cells. Furthermore, it was also found that CAPE selectively caused escalation in the ROS formation and intracellular GSH (ICG) depletion in melanocytic human SK-MEL-28 cells which express functional tyrosinase. In contrast, CAPE did not lead to ROS formation and ICG depletion in amelanotic C32 melanoma cells, which do not express functional tyrosinase. These findings suggest that tyrosinase plays a major role in CAPE's selective toxicity towards melanocytic melanoma cell lines. Our findings suggest that the mechanisms of CAPE toxicity in SK-MEL-28 melanoma cells mediated by tyrosinase bioactivation of CAPE included quinone formation, ROS formation, intracellular GSH depletion and induced mitochondrial toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi K Kudugunti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
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Hemmateenejad B, Mehdipour AR, Miri R, Shamsipur M. Comparative QSAR Studies on Toxicity of Phenol Derivatives Using Quantum Topological Molecular Similarity Indices. Chem Biol Drug Des 2010; 75:521-31. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2010.00960.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Vad NM, Kandala PK, Srivastava SK, Moridani MY. Structure-toxicity relationship of phenolic analogs as anti-melanoma agents: an enzyme directed prodrug approach. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 183:462-71. [PMID: 19944085 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2009] [Revised: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify a phenolic prodrug compound that is minimally metabolized by rat liver microsomes, but yet could form quinone reactive intermediates in melanoma cells as a result of its bioactivation by tyrosinase. In current work, we investigated 24 phenolic compounds for their metabolism by tyrosinase, rat liver microsomes and their toxicity towards murine B16-F0 and human SK-MEL-28 melanoma cells. A linear correlation was found between toxicities of phenolic analogs towards SK-MEL-28 and B16-F0 melanoma cells, suggesting similar mechanisms of toxicity in both cell lines. 4-HEB was identified as the lead compound. 4-HEB (IC(50) 48h, 75muM) showed selective toxicity towards five melanocytic melanoma cell lines SK-MEL-28, SK-MEL-5, MeWo, B16-F0 and B16-F10, which express functional tyrosinase, compared to four non-melanoma cells lines SW-620, Saos-2, PC3 and BJ cells and two amelanotic SK-MEL-24, C32 cells, which do not express functional tyrosinase. 4-HEB caused significant intracellular GSH depletion, ROS formation, and showed significantly less toxicity to tyrosinase specific shRNA transfected SK-MEL-28 cells. Our findings suggest that presence of a phenolic group in 4-HEB is critical for its selective toxicity towards melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil M Vad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1406 Coulter Drive, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
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Wan H, Ulander J. High-throughput pKa screening and prediction amenable for ADME profiling. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2009; 2:139-55. [PMID: 16863474 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2.1.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Recent technological advances have made it possible for several new pK(a) assays to be used in drug screening. In this review, a critical overview is provided of current new methodologies for high-throughput screening and prediction of pK(a). Typical applications of using pK(a )constants and charge state for absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) profiling and quantitative structure-activity relationship modelling complements the methodological comparisons and discussions. The experimental methods discussed include high-throughput screening of pK(a) by multiplexed capillary with ultraviolet absorbance detection on a 96-capillary format instrument, capillary electrophoresis and mass spectrometry (CEMS) based on sample pooling, determination of pK(a) by pH gradient high-performance liquid chromatography, and measurement of pK(a) by a mixed-buffer liner pH gradient system. Comparisons of the different experimental assays are made with emphasis on the newly developed CEMS method. The current status and recent progress in computational approaches to pK(a) prediction are also discussed. In particular, the accuracy limits of simple fragment-based approaches as well as quantum mechanical methods are addressed. Examples of pK(a) prediction from in-house drug candidates as well as commercially available drug molecules are shown and an outline is provided for how drug discovery companies can integrate experiments with computational approaches for increased applications for ADME profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wan
- AstraZeneca R&D Mölndal, DMPK & Bioanalytical Chemistry, Mölndal, Sweden.
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Chen H, Yao J, Wang F, Choi MMF, Bramanti E, Zaray G. Study on the toxic effects of diphenol compounds on soil microbial activity by a combination of methods. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 167:846-851. [PMID: 19223121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2008] [Revised: 01/15/2009] [Accepted: 01/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Microcalorimetric technique based on heat-output measurement, direct microorganism counting and enzymatic activity determination, have been explored to evaluate the toxic effects of diphenol species (catechol, resorcinol, and hydroquinone) on soil microbial activity. The thermokinetic parameters including growth rate constant (k), inhibitory ratio, half inhibitory concentration and total thermal effect (Q(total)), were calculated and compared using the data obtained from the power-time curves of the microcalorimeter. It was found that addition of high concentrations of diphenol compounds to the soil samples resulted in low microorganism counts. The trend of the number of cultivable microorganisms with increasing concentration of diphenols was similar to specific growth rate k. It appeared that the higher the water soluble carbon (WSC) content, the higher the Q(total) value. The low dehydrogenase and beta-glucosidase found in the soils treated by catechol and hydroquinone was possibly due to their low WSC concentration and high inhibitory effects, respectively. The results reveal the toxicity of the three diphenols in a descending sequence: hydroquinone, resorcinol and catechol. The combination of the three methods is a more comprehensive toxicological investigation of a complex microbiological system. Microcalorimetry is for studying the metabolic growth of microorganisms, the plate counting method is for quantifying the real microbial growth, and the soil enzyme activity is for assessing the intracellular and extracellular activity of microbial biomass. Our proposed methods can provide toxicological information of diphenols to soil microbes from the metabolic, microbial and biochemical point of views which are consistent with and correlated to each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology Laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Studies, Sino-Hungarian Joint Laboratory of Environmental Science and Health, China University of Geosciences, No. 388 Lu Mo Road, Wuhan, PR China
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Roy K, Popelier PLA. Predictive QSPR modeling of the acidic dissociation constant (pKa) of phenols in different solvents. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kadoma Y, Ito S, Atsumi T, Fujisawa S. Mechanisms of cytotoxicity of 2- or 2,6-di-tert-butylphenols and 2-methoxyphenols in terms of inhibition rate constant and a theoretical parameter. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 74:626-632. [PMID: 19084262 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Revised: 10/21/2008] [Accepted: 10/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the mechanism of phenol toxicity, the radical-scavenging activity of 2- or 2,6-di-tert-butyl- and 2-methoxy-substituted phenols was investigated by combining two distinct approaches: first, the induction period method for methacrylate polymerization initiated by benzoyl peroxide or 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile; and secondly, 1,1'-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging test. The homolytic bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE) and ionization potential (IP(koopman)) were calculated by the DFT/B3LYP method. The cytotoxicity was investigated using tumor cells (human submandibular gland carcinoma cells, HSG; human promyelocytic leukemia cells, HL-60) and primary cells (human gingival fibroblasts, HGF; human periodontal ligament fibroblasts, HPLF; human pulp fibroblasts, HPF) derived from oral tissues. The cytotoxicity between tumor and primary cells was similar, except for eugenol dimer showing less toxicity for primary cells. The DPPH assay was not useful for tert-butylphenols due to their steric hindrance. For both HSG and HGF cells, a linear relationship was found between 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC(50)) and inhibition rate constant (k(inh)), but not BDE, IP, or logP. The acceptable quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) obtained for cytotoxicity vs. k(inh) suggested that the cytotoxicity of phenols may be dependent on radical reactions. The cytotoxicity of vanillin and 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde with large k(inh) values, weak antioxidants was markedly less than that of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenol and curcumin with small k(inh) values, potent antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Kadoma
- Department of Applied Function Molecules, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-Ku, 101-0062 Tokyo, Japan
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Tucker G, Robards K. Bioactivity and structure of biophenols as mediators of chronic diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2009; 48:929-66. [PMID: 18949595 DOI: 10.1080/10408390701761977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Biophenols and their associated activity have generated intense interest. Current topics of debate are their bioavailability and bioactivity. It is generally assumed that their plasma concentrations are insufficient to produce the health benefits previously attributed to their consumption. However, data on localized in vivo concentrations are not available and many questions remain unanswered. Potential mechanisms by which they may exert significant bioactivity are discussed together with structure activity relationships. Biophenols are highly reactive species and they can react with a range of other compounds. Products of their reaction when functioning as antioxidants are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Tucker
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leics, UK
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Chen PJ, Moore T, Nesnow S. Cytotoxic effects of propiconazole and its metabolites in mouse and human hepatoma cells and primary mouse hepatocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2008; 22:1476-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2008.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2008] [Revised: 04/24/2008] [Accepted: 05/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Shadnia H, Wright JS. Understanding the Toxicity of Phenols: Using Quantitative Structure−Activity Relationship and Enthalpy Changes To Discriminate between Possible Mechanisms. Chem Res Toxicol 2008; 21:1197-204. [DOI: 10.1021/tx800058r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wright JS, Shadnia H. Computational Modeling of Substituent Effects on Phenol Toxicity. Chem Res Toxicol 2008; 21:1426-31. [DOI: 10.1021/tx800085a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James S. Wright
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Hooman Shadnia
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa K1S 5B6, Canada
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Roy K, Popelier PL. Exploring predictive QSAR models for hepatocyte toxicity of phenols using QTMS descriptors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:2604-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2008] [Revised: 03/12/2008] [Accepted: 03/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Triantafyllou A, Mylonis I, Simos G, Bonanou S, Tsakalof A. Flavonoids induce HIF-1alpha but impair its nuclear accumulation and activity. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 44:657-70. [PMID: 18061585 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2007] [Revised: 09/28/2007] [Accepted: 10/29/2007] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) is the regulatory subunit of the transcription factor HIF-1, which is highly involved in the pathology of diseases associated with tissue hypoxia. In this study we investigated the ability of plant flavonoids to induce HIF-1alpha and regulate HIF-1 transcriptional activity in HeLa cells. We demonstrate for the first time that the flavonoids baicalein, luteolin and fisetin, as well as the previously investigated quercetin, induce HIF-1alpha under normal oxygen pressure, whereas kaempferol, taxifolin, and rutin are inactive. We further reveal that the capability of flavonoids to bind efficiently intracellular iron and their lipophilicity are essential for HIF-1alpha induction. Despite the ability of flavonoids to stabilize HIF-1alpha, the transcriptional activity of HIF-1 induced by flavonoids was significantly lower than that observed with the iron chelator and known HIF-1 inducer, desferrioxamine (DFO). Furthermore, when cells in which HIF-1 had been induced by DFO were also treated with flavonoids, the transcriptional activity of HIF-1 was strongly impaired without simultaneous reduction in HIF-1alpha protein levels. Localization of HIF-1alpha by immuno- and direct fluorescence microscopy and in vitro phosphorylation assays suggest that flavonoids inhibit HIF-1 activity by impairing the MAPK-dependent phosphorylation of HIF-1alpha, thereby decreasing its nuclear accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Triantafyllou
- Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 22 Papakyriazi Street, 41222 Larissa, Greece
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Nandi S, Vracko M, Bagchi MC. Anticancer activity of selected phenolic compounds: QSAR studies using ridge regression and neural networks. Chem Biol Drug Des 2008; 70:424-36. [PMID: 17949360 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2007.00575.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phenol and its congeners are known to induce caspase-mediated apoptosis activity and cytotoxicity on various cancer cell lines. Apoptosis, scavenging of radicals, antioxidant, and pro-oxidant characteristics are primarily responsible for the antitumor activities of phenolic compounds. Quantitative structure-activity relationship studies on the cellular apoptosis and cytotoxicity of phenolic compounds have been investigated recently by Selassie and colleagues (J Med Chem; 48:7234, 2005) wherein models were developed for various carcinogenic cell lines. These quantitative structure-activity relationship models are based on few experimentally obtained physicochemical parameters such as Verloop's sterimol descriptor, hydrophobicity, Hammett electronic parameter, and octanol/water partition coefficient. The paper deals with structure-activity relationships of phenols and its derivatives for the development of predictive models from the standpoint of theoretical structural parameters and ridge regression methodology. The quantitative structure-activity relationship studies developed here for the caspase-mediated apoptosis activity and cytotoxicity on murine leukemia cell line (L1210), human promylolytic cell line (HL-60), human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7), parenteral human acute lymphoblastic cells (CCRF-CEM), and multidrug-resistant subline of CCRF-resistant to vinblastine (CEM/VLB) cells utilize physicochemical molecular descriptors calculated solely from the structure of phenolic compounds under investigation along with the descriptors used by Selassie and group. It is seen that such quantitative structure-activity relationships can provide a better quality predictive model for the phenolic compounds. The biological activities of the nine sets of phenolic compounds have been calculated based on ridge regression analysis that clearly gives a better significant correlation compared to the activities predicted by Selassie and co-workers. Counter-propagation artificial neural network studies have been introduced in the present investigation for a better understanding of multidimensional rational patterns in more complex data sets. The counter-propagation artificial neural network studies were performed on the same data set and with the same descriptors as have been carried out in developing ridge regression models and the result of counter-propagation neural network models produces very interesting findings in terms of leave-one-out test. Finally, an attempt has been made for a comparative study of the relative effectiveness of linear statistical methods versus nonlinear techniques, such as counter-propagation neural networks in modeling structure-activity studies of the phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisir Nandi
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Calcutta, India
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Stasiuk M, Bartosiewicz D, Kozubek A. Inhibitory effect of some natural and semisynthetic phenolic lipids upon acetylcholinesterase activity. Food Chem 2007; 108:996-1001. [PMID: 26065763 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2007] [Revised: 11/05/2007] [Accepted: 12/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect of phenolic lipids isolated from rye grains and cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) from Anacardium occidentale and their semisynthetic derivatives on erythrocyte ghost's acetylcholinesterase activity was studied. It has been shown that all tested compounds decreased the enzymatic activity of acetylcholinesterase. This effect depends on the type of studied compounds. Three of them completely inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity at the micromolar concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stasiuk
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Dominika Bartosiewicz
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Kozubek
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
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46
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Bukowska B, Michałowicz J, Krokosz A, Sicińska P. Comparison of the effect of phenol and its derivatives on protein and free radical formation in human erythrocytes (in vitro). Blood Cells Mol Dis 2007; 39:238-44. [PMID: 17651993 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2007.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2007] [Accepted: 06/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The effect of phenolic compounds: phenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), 2,4-dimethylphenol (2,4-DMP) and catechol on human erythrocytes was studied. The level of fluorescent label - 6-carboxy-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H(2)DCFDA) oxidation by phenolic compounds in erythrocytes as well as the carbonyl group content and hemoglobin denaturation were monitored. H(2)DCFDA has been utilized extensively as a marker for studies of oxidative stress at the cellular level. We noted that 2,4-DCP, 2,4-DMP and catechol induced an increase in the concentration- and time-dependent H(2)DCFDA oxidation. We also observed an increase in carbonyl group content and the changes in parameter T (denaturation of hemoglobin) in erythrocytes incubated with 2,4-DCP, catechol and 2,4-DMP. The highest level of H(2)DCFDA oxidation was provoked by 2,4-DCP. The biggest changes of proteins in erythrocytes measured as the carbonyl group content were induced by 2,4-DMP, but measured as parameter T they were induced by catechol. It was observed that phenol did not oxidize H(2)DCFDA up to the concentration of 2.5 mM after 3 h of incubation. Phenol did not affect the carbonyl group content but decreased parameter T (induced denaturation of hemoglobin). To sum up, the kind of the substituent in a phenolic ring determines the molecular mechanism of action of the individual compound and the capacity of reactive oxygen species generation and thus damages the specified structures in human erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bukowska
- Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland.
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Esteki M, Hemmateenejad B, Khayamian T, Mohajeri A. Multi-way Analysis of Quantum Topological Molecular Similarity Descriptors for Modeling Acidity Constant of Some Phenolic Compounds. Chem Biol Drug Des 2007; 70:413-23. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2007.00585.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Noguerol-Cal R, López-Vilariño JM, González-Rodríguez MV, Barral-Losada LF. Development of an ultraperformance liquid chromatography method for improved determination of additives in polymeric materials. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:2452-9. [PMID: 17722192 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
An analytical method for the simultaneous separation and quantitation of ten colorants and six antioxidants used as polymer additives has been developed by transferring chromatographic conditions from two independent HPLC methods to a single ultraperformance liquid chromatography system. An experimental design was carried out to achieve the best elution gradient for separation of all the studied compounds with the best possible peak resolution and in the shortest possible analysis time. The new method gives good values for the analytical quality parameters evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalia Noguerol-Cal
- Laboratorio de Química, Centro de Investigacións Tecnolóxicas, Universidad da Coruña, Ferrol, Spain
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Han X, Nabb DL, Mingoia RT, Yang CH. Determination of xenobiotic intrinsic clearance in freshly isolated hepatocytes from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and rat and its application in bioaccumulation assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2007; 41:3269-76. [PMID: 17539536 DOI: 10.1021/es0626279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Bioaccumulation in fish depends on the dynamics of various processes that involve fish uptake, storage, and elimination of xenobiotics. Elimination via fish biotransformation is a primary process that can be evaluated in an in vitro system to improve the performance of the prediction of xenobiotic bioaccumulation potentials. In this study, values of intrinsic clearance (CLint) of seven reference compounds (atrazine, molinate, 4,4-bis(dimethylamino)-benzophenone, 4-nonylphenol, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, trifluralin, benzo(a)pyrene) in hepatocytes freshly isolated from rainbow trout and rat were determined using a substrate depletion approach. Atrazine was metabolized in rat hepatocytes with a CLint value of 3.81 +/- 1.96 mL/h/ 10(6) cells, whereas in trout hepatocytes, the clearance was not significant until very high cell concentration was used and the rate was estimated to be approximately 0.002 mL/h/10(6) cells. Intrinsic clearance values for all other compounds were 5.5-78.5-fold lower in trout hepatocytes than those in rat hepatocytes. Trout hepatic clearance (CL(H)) values were extrapolated from the CLint values using a "well-stirred" liver model. Biotransformation rate constants (kMET) of the compounds in trout were subsequently estimated and used as inputs to a kinetic model for the prediction of bioconcentration factors (BCF) in fish. Compared to the BCF values predicted without consideration of fish biotransformation, the inclusion of estimated kMET values significantly improved fish BCF predictions for the reference compounds. This study demonstrates a framework for future bioaccumulation assessment of xenobiotics using combined information of the physical-chemical properties of the compounds and the biotransformation potentials of the compounds in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Han
- DuPont Haskell Laboratory for Health and Environmental Sciences, Newark, Delaware 19714, USA.
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Yang DP, Ji HF, Tang GY, Ren W, Zhang HY. How many drugs are catecholics. Molecules 2007; 12:878-84. [PMID: 17851440 PMCID: PMC6149448 DOI: 10.3390/12040878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2007] [Revised: 04/23/2007] [Accepted: 04/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
By examination of the 8659 drugs recorded in the Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry (CMC) database, 78 catecholics (including five pyrogallolics) were identified, of which 17 are currently prescribed by FDA. Through analyzing the substituent patterns, ClogPs and O-H bond dissociation enthalpies (BDEs) of the catecholic drugs, some molecular features that may benefit circumventing the toxicity of catecholics were revealed: i) strong electron-donating substituents are excluded; ii) ClogP 3; iii) an energy penalty exists for quinone formation. Besides, the present analyses also suggest that the clinical usage and dosage of currently prescribed catecholic drugs are of importance in designing or screening catecholic antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hong-Yu Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Research Center for Bioinformatic Engineering and Technique, Center for Advanced Study, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, P. R. China
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