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Liman R, Kursunlu AN, Ozmen M, Arslan S, Mutlu D, Istifli ES, Acikbas Y. Synthesis of water soluble symmetric and asymmetric pillar[5]arene derivatives: Cytotoxicity, apoptosis and molecular docking studies. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
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Liman R, Ali MM, Istifli ES, Ciğerci İH, Bonciu E. Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of pethoxamid herbicide on Allium cepa cells and its molecular docking studies to unravel genotoxicity mechanism. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:63127-63140. [PMID: 35449332 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20166-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pethoxamid is chloroacetamide herbicide. Pethoxamid is commonly used to kill different weeds in various crops. Pethoxamid can leach in the water and soil and can cause toxic effects to other non-target species. Current study is therefore aimed to perform the investigation of the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of pethoxamid on Allium cepa cells.The root growth, mitotic index (MI), chromosomal aberrations (CAs), and DNA damage were assessed through root growth inhibition, A. cepa ana-telophase, and alkaline comet assays, respectively. Furthermore, molecular docking was performed to evaluate binding affinity of pethoxamid on DNA and very-long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) synthases. In root growth inhibition test, onion root length was statistically significantly decreased in a concentration dependent manner. Concentration- and time-dependent decreases in MI were observed, whereas increase in CAs such as disturbed ana-telophase, chromosome laggards, stickiness, anaphase bridges, and DNA damage was caused by the pethoxamid on A. cepa root cells. Molecular docking revealed that pethoxamid binds selectively to GC-rich regions in the minor groove of the DNA structure and showed remarkable binding affinity against all synthases taking part in the sequential biosynthesis of VLCFAs. It was concluded that the pethoxamid-induced genotoxicity and cytotoxicity may be through multiple binding ability of this herbicide with DNA and VLCFA synthases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Recep Liman
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Uşak University, 1 Eylül Campus, 64300, Usak, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Muddassir Ali
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Erman Salih Istifli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Literature, Cukurova University, 01330, Adana, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Hakkı Ciğerci
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Science and Literatures, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03200, Afyon, Turkey
| | - Elena Bonciu
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Technology, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Craiova, 13 A.I. Cuza Street, 200585, Craiova, Romania
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Liman R, Muddassir Ali M, Salih Istifli E, Hakkı Ciğerci İ, Bonciu E. Correction to: Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of pethoxamid herbicide on Allium cepa cells and its molecular docking studies to unravel genotoxicity mechanism. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:63141. [PMID: 35596871 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20946-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Recep Liman
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Uşak University, 1 Eylül Campus, 64300, Usak, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Muddassir Ali
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Erman Salih Istifli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Literature, Cukurova University, 01330, Adana, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Hakkı Ciğerci
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Science and Literatures, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03200, Afyon, Turkey
| | - Elena Bonciu
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Technology, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Craiova, 13 A.I. Cuza Street, 200585, Craiova, Romania
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Ince Yardimci A, Istifli ES, Acikbas Y, Liman R, Yagmucukardes N, Yilmaz S, Ciğerci İH. Synthesis and characterization of single-walled carbon nanotube: Cyto-genotoxicity in Allium cepa root tips and molecular docking studies. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:3193-3206. [PMID: 35678501 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were synthesized by the thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). The results indicated that obtained nanotubes were SWCNTs with high crystallinity and their average diameter was 10.15 ± 3 nm. Allium cepa ana-telophase and comet assays on the root meristem were employed to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of SWCNTs by examining mitotic phases, mitotic index (MI), chromosomal aberrations (CAs), and DNA damage. A. cepa root tip cells were exposed to SWCNTs at concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μg/ml for 4 h. Distilled water and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS, 10 μg/ml) were used as the negative and positive control groups, respectively. It was observed that MIs decreased statistically significantly for all applied doses. Besides, CAs such as chromosome laggards, disturbed anaphase-telophase, stickiness and bridges and also DNA damage increased in the presence of SWCNTs in a concentration-dependent manner. In the molecular docking study, the SWCNT were found to be a strong DNA major groove binder showing an energetically very favorable binding free energy of -21.27 kcal/mol. Furthermore, the SWCNT interacted effectively with the nucleotides on both strands of DNA primarily via hydrophobic π and electrostatic interactions. As a result, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of SWCNTs in A. cepa root meristematic cells which is a reliable system for assessment of nanoparticle toxicology were demonstrated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erman Salih Istifli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Literature, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Yaser Acikbas
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Usak University, Usak, Turkey
| | - Recep Liman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Usak University, Usak, Turkey
| | - Nesli Yagmucukardes
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Usak University, Usak, Turkey
| | - Selahattin Yilmaz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Hakkı Ciğerci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Literature, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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Alkan H, Ciğerci İH, Ali MM, Hazman O, Liman R, Colă F, Bonciu E. Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Evaluation of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Moringa oleifera on MCF-7 and HUVEC Cell Lines. Plants 2022; 11:plants11101293. [PMID: 35631722 PMCID: PMC9143030 DOI: 10.3390/plants11101293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, green synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) are extensively investigated to explore their biological potential. They are being explored to treat different infectious and cancerous diseases. Therefore, the current study was designed to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from the medicinal plant Moringa oleifera on breast cancer (MCF-7) and HUVEC (human umbilical vein endothelial cells) cell lines. M. oleifera-mediated AgNPs were synthesized from the M. oleifera extract (MOE) and then characterized through the use of a scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV–vis spectrophotometer. Biosynthesized AgNPs and MOE were employed on MCF-7 and HUVEC cell lines to evaluate their cytotoxic and genotoxic effects. More cytotoxic effects were observed by AgNPs and MOE on MCF-7 cell lines. The IC50 for biosynthesized AgNPs was found to be 5 μg/mL. DNA damage was also observed by the MOE and AgNPs on MCF-7 cell lines. However, non-significant DNA damage was observed by MOE and AgNPs on HUVEC cell lines. The findings of the current study revealed the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of biosynthesized AgNPs on MCF-7 cell lines. However, these AgNPs were considered safe for normal HUVEC cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Alkan
- Faculty of Science and Literature, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar 03200, Turkey;
| | - İbrahim Hakkı Ciğerci
- Faculty of Science and Literature, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar 03200, Turkey;
- Correspondence: (İ.H.C.); (F.C.); Tel.: +90-5552698600 (İ.H.C.); +40-763813471 (F.C.)
| | - Muhammad Muddassir Ali
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, Punjab 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Omer Hazman
- Faculty of Science and Literature, Department of Chemistry, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar 03200, Turkey;
| | - Recep Liman
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Uşak University, 1 Eylül Campus, Uşak 64300, Turkey;
| | - Florica Colă
- Faculty of Agronomy, Department of Agricultural and Forestry Technology, University of Craiova, 13 A.I. Cuza Street, 200585 Craiova, Romania;
- Correspondence: (İ.H.C.); (F.C.); Tel.: +90-5552698600 (İ.H.C.); +40-763813471 (F.C.)
| | - Elena Bonciu
- Faculty of Agronomy, Department of Agricultural and Forestry Technology, University of Craiova, 13 A.I. Cuza Street, 200585 Craiova, Romania;
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Abed AB, Addi EHA, Ahmad K, Aliste M, Anupam K, Anupriya, Arias-Estevez M, Aydın B, Azelee NIW, Beerappa R, Bhalla B, Bhalla G, Bhardwaj S, Campillo-Cora C, Chauhan AK, Choudhary S, Ciğerci I, Dailin DJ, Dehghani MH, Dhanjal DS, Dhiman J, dos Santos JMN, Dotto GL, Duraisamy E, El-Enshasy HA, Fenoll J, Fernández-Calviño D, Garrido I, Goley PK, Hanapi SZ, Hashmi Z, Jatoi AS, Kapoor D, Karri RR, Kataria N, Kaur K, Keshu, Konuk M, Korcan SE, Kumar B, Kumar S, Kumar V, Kumar V, Lima É, Liman R, Malek RA, Manas NHA, Manikandan SK, Mazari SA, Medina-Orendain DA, Momina, Mubarak NM, Nair V, Navarro S, Ngah MF, Noronha FR, Nuñez-Delgado A, Ouakhssase A, Palaniyappan J, Pathak D, Pérez-Lucas G, Pundir AS, Rafatullah M, Ramamurthy PC, Rana AK, Rani M, Rodríguez-Narvaez OM, Santás-Miguel V, Sarip SHM, Saruchi, Shanker U, Sharma A, Shilli A, Singh J, Singh S, Tanjung FA, Upadhye VJ, Venugopal D, Villaseñor-Basulto DL, Wani AB, Wani AH, Yadav S, Yadav V. List of contributors. Pesticides Remediation Technologies from Water and Wastewater 2022:xiii-xv. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-90893-1.00024-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Liman R, Ali MM, Ciğerci İH, İstifli ES, Sarıkurkcu C. Cytotoxic and genotoxic evaluation of copper oxychloride through Allium test and molecular docking studies. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:44998-45008. [PMID: 33860424 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13897-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Copper oxychloride gained great importance due to its broad-spectrum antifungal action to combat various fungal diseases of plants. However, excess quantity of cupric fungicides on plants causes enzymatic changes and toxic effects. Thus, the current study was aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of copper oxychloride on Allium cepa root cells. The root growth, mitotic index (MI), chromosomal aberrations (CAs), and DNA damage were assessed through root growth inhibition, A. cepa ana-telophase, and alkaline comet assays. Furthermore, molecular docking was performed to evaluate binding affinities of two copper oxychloride polymorphs (atacamite and paratacamite) on DNA. In root growth inhibition test, onion root length was statistically significantly decreased by changing the copper oxychloride concentration from lower (2.64±0.11 cm) to higher (0.92±0.12 cm). Concentration- and time-dependent decrease in MI was observed whereas increase in CAs such as disturbed ana-telophase, chromosome laggards, stickiness, anaphase bridges, and DNA damage were caused by the copper oxychloride on A. cepa root cells. Molecular docking results revealed that the two main polymorphs of copper oxychloride (atacamite and paratacamite) bind selectively to G and C nucleotides on the B-DNA structure. It is concluded that the atacamite- and paratacamite-induced DNA damage may be through minor groove recognition and intercalation. Findings of the current study revealed the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of copper oxychloride on A. cepa root cells. However, further studies should be carried out at the molecular level to reveal the cyto-genotoxic mechanism of action of copper oxychloride in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Recep Liman
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Uşak University, 1 Eylül Campus, 64300, Uşak, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Muddassir Ali
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - İbrahim Hakkı Ciğerci
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Science and Literature, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03200, Afyon, Turkey
| | - Erman Salih İstifli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Literature, Cukurova University, TR-01330, Adana, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Sarıkurkcu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, TR-03100, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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Amaç E, Liman R. Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of clopyralid herbicide on Allium cepa roots. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:48450-48458. [PMID: 33913105 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13994-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Clopyralid is one of the synthetic pyridine-carboxylate auxin herbicides and used to control perennial and annual broadleaf weeds in wheat, sugar beets, canola, etc. In this study, dose-dependent cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of clopyralid at different concentrations (25, 50, and 100 μg/mL) have been evaluated on the Allium cepa roots. The evaluation has been performed at macroscopic (root growth) and microscopic levels [mitotic index (MI), chromosome aberrations (CAs) in ana-telophase cells, and DNA damage] using root growth inhibition, Allium ana-telophase, and comet tests. The percentage of root growth inhibition and concentration of reducing root growth by 50% (EC50) of clopyralid were determined compared with the negative control by using various concentrations of clopyralid (6.25-1000 μg/L). The 96 h EC50 of clopyralid was recorded as 50 μg/L. The gradual decrease in root growth and the MI reveals the cytotoxic effects of clopyralid. All the tested concentrations of clopyralid induced total CAs (polyploidy, stickiness, anaphase bridges, chromosome laggards, and disturbed ana-telophase) and DNA damage dose and time dependently. These results confirm the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of clopyralid on non-target organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eslem Amaç
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Uşak University, 1 Eylül Campus, 64300, Uşak, Turkey
| | - Recep Liman
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Uşak University, 1 Eylül Campus, 64300, Uşak, Turkey.
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Korcan SE, Kahraman T, Acikbas Y, Liman R, Ciğerci İH, Konuk M, Ocak İ. Cyto-genotoxicity, antibacterial, and antibiofilm properties of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using Penicillium toxicarium. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 84:2530-2543. [PMID: 33908149 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The fungi are becoming the distinguished organisms utilized in the biological synthesis of metallic nanoparticles because of their metal bioaccumulation ability. Addressed herein, the extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was carried out by using the cell-free filtrate of Penicillium toxicarium KJ173540.1. P. toxicarium was locally isolated and identified using both classical and molecular methods according to ribosomal internal transcribed spacer area of 18S rDNA. The optimum conditions for the AgNPs synthesis were found as 0.25 mM AgNO3 concentrations with pH 12 values at 45°C after 64 hr incubation in dark. Biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized via microscopic and spectroscopic techniques such as transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. Zetasizer measurements presented that the high negative potential value (-18.1 mV) and PDI (0.495) supported the excellent colloidal nature of AgNPs with long-range stability and high dispersity. AgNPs exhibited cyto-genotoxicity in Allium cepa root meristem cells by decreasing mitotic index and increasing chromosome aberrations in a dose-dependent manner. Then, 100 and 50% concentration of biosynthesized AgNPs showed antibacterial activity on Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. A decreasing biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 80.69, 48.32, and 28.41% was also observed at 100, 50, and 25% of mycosynthesized AgNP, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safiye Elif Korcan
- Health Services Vocational School Medical Laboratory Program, Uşak University, Uşak, Turkey
| | - Tuğba Kahraman
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Uşak University, Uşak, Turkey
| | - Yaser Acikbas
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Usak University, Usak, Turkey
| | - Recep Liman
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Uşak University, Uşak, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Hakkı Ciğerci
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Science and Literatures, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Muhsin Konuk
- Biotechnology Research and Application Center, University of Üsküdar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İjlal Ocak
- Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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Liman R, Başbuğ B, Ali MM, Acikbas Y, Ciğerci İH. Correction to: Cytotoxic and genotoxic assessment of tungsten oxide nanoparticles in Allium cepa cells by Allium ana-telophase and comet assays. J Appl Genet 2021; 62:361. [PMID: 33459967 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-021-00610-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Recep Liman
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Usak University, 64300, Usak, Turkey
| | - Bermal Başbuğ
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Usak University, 64300, Usak, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Muddassir Ali
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani Road (Outfall Road), Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Yaser Acikbas
- Faculty of Engineering, Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering Department, Usak University, 64200, Usak, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Hakkı Ciğerci
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03200, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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Liman R, Başbuğ B, Ali MM, Acikbas Y, Ciğerci İH. Cytotoxic and genotoxic assessment of tungsten oxide nanoparticles in Allium cepa cells by Allium ana-telophase and comet assays. J Appl Genet 2021; 62:85-92. [PMID: 33409932 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-020-00608-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tungsten oxide nanoparticles or nanopowder (WO3NPs) is commonly used in various industries and also in biomedical applications such as additives, pigments, and biomedical sensors. Non-judicious excessive use of these nanoparticles (NPs) could be a serious human health concern. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore the cytotoxic and genotoxic assessment of WO3NPs through Allium cepa anaphase-telophase and comet assays. Nanoparticles were characterized through the scanning and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zetasizer, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The mean size and the average diameter of WO3NPs were determined as 21.57 ± 2.48 nm and 349.42 ± 80.65 nm using TEM and a Zetasizer measurement system, respectively. Five concentrations (12.5 mg/L, 25 mg/L, 50 mg/L, 75 mg/L, and 100 mg/L) of WO3NPs were employed on the Allium cepa (A. cepa) roots for 4 h. Significant (p ≤ 0.05) decrease in mitotic index (MI) was shown by WO3NPs at all concentrations. The increase of chromosomal aberrations (CAs) was also observed in a concentration-dependent manner due to the WO3NPs exposure. There was a significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in DNA damage at all concentrations of WO3NPs on the A. cepa cells. It was concluded that WO3NPs had cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on A. cepa meristematic cells. Moreover, further cytogenetic effects of WO3NPs should be investigated at the molecular level to assess its safety margin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Recep Liman
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Usak University, 64300, Uşak, Turkey
| | - Bermal Başbuğ
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Usak University, 64300, Uşak, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Muddassir Ali
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani Road (Outfall Road), 54000, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Yaser Acikbas
- Faculty of Engineering, Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering Department, Usak University, 64200, Usak, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Hakkı Ciğerci
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03200, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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Çıldır DS, Liman R. Cytogenetic and genotoxic assessment in Allium cepa exposed to imazalil fungicide. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:20335-20343. [PMID: 32242316 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08553-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Imazalil (IMZ), a fungicide containing imidazole group, is extensively used for the prevention and treatment of fungal diseases in plants. Current study was performed to examine cyto-genotoxic potential of IMZ on Allium cepa roots by following Allium ana-telophase and single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assays. The concentration which reduced the growth of the root tips of IMZ by 50% compared to the negative control group (EC50) was found to be 1 μg/mL by Allium root growth inhibition test. 0.5, 1, and 2 μg/mL concentrations of IMZ were exposed to Allium roots for intervals of 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. 10 μg/mL of methyl methane sulfonate (MMS) and distilled water were used as control groups, both positive and negative. Statistical analysis was performed by using one-way ANOVA with Duncan's multiple comparison tests at p ≤ 0.05 and Pearson correlation test at p = 0.01. IMZ showed cytotoxic effect by statistically decreasing root growth and mitotic index (MI) and also genotoxic effect by statistically increasing chromosomal aberrations (CAs) and DNA damage compared to the negative control group. With these cyto-genotoxic effects, it should be used carefully and further cyto-genotoxic mechanisms should be investigated along with other toxicity tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damla Selin Çıldır
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Uşak University, 1 Eylül Campus, 64300, Uşak, Turkey
| | - Recep Liman
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Uşak University, 1 Eylül Campus, 64300, Uşak, Turkey.
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Aydın G, Liman R. Cyto-genotoxic effects of Pinoxaden on Allium cepa L. roots. J Appl Genet 2020; 61:349-357. [DOI: 10.1007/s13353-020-00560-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Liman R, Kursunlu AN, Ciğerci İH, Ozmen M, Acikbas Y. Assessment of the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of pillar[5]arene derivatives by Allium cepa roots and Drosophila melanogaster haemocytes. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 192:110328. [PMID: 32078840 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study pillar[5]arene (P5) and a quinoline-functionalized pillar[5]arene (P5-6Q) which is used for detecting radioactive element, gas adsorption and toxic ions were synthesized. These materials were characterized by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), elemental analysis, melting point, Mass Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Zeta Potential. The cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of P5 and P5-6Q at distinct concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL were also investigated by Allium ana-telophase and comet assays on Allium cepa roots and Drosophila melanogaster haemocytes. P5 and P5-6Q showed dose dependent cytotoxic effect by decreasing mitotic index (MI) and genotoxic effect by increasing chromosomal aberrations (CAs such as disturbed anaphase-telophase, polyploidy, stickiness, chromosome laggards and bridges) and DNA damage at the exposed concentrations. These changes in P5-6Q were lower than P5. Further research is necessary to clarify the cytotoxic and genotoxic action mechanisms of P5 and P5-6Q at molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Recep Liman
- Usak University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, 64300, Uşak, Turkey.
| | - Ahmed Nuri Kursunlu
- Selcuk University, Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, 42250, Konya, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Hakkı Ciğerci
- Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, 03200, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ozmen
- Selcuk University, Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, 42250, Konya, Turkey
| | - Yaser Acikbas
- Usak University, Faculty of Engineering, Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, 64200, Usak, Turkey
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Liman R, Acikbas Y, Ciğerci İH, Ali MM, Kars MD. Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Assessment of Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticles by Allium and Comet Tests. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2020; 104:215-221. [PMID: 31932906 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02783-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Silicon nanoparticles gained a great interest due to its use in biomedical research. It is considered as safe and has been used in nanomedicine. But literature still states its toxicity depending upon the size and dose of silicon nanoparticles. So, current study was aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO2NPs) by Allium anaphase-telophase and Comet tests. Characterization of SiO2NPs showed the particle size as 16.12 ± 3.07 nm. The mean diameter of SiO2NPs was having range of 404.66 ± 93.39 nm in solution. Highest total anomalies (18.80 ± 0.45) were observed at 100 µg/mL, whereas least (11.2 ± 0.84) were observed by the 12.5 µg/mL concentration. There was concentration-response association in increased CAs and DNA damage. The highest concentration (100 µg/mL) of SiO2NPs induced the significant DNA damage (149.67 ± 1.15), whereas the least was observed by the negative control (2.67 ± 0.58). The current study revealed the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of SiO2NPs on the root meristem cells of A. cepa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Recep Liman
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Uşak University, 64200, Uşak, Turkey
| | - Yaser Acikbas
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Uşak University, 64200, Uşak, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Hakkı Ciğerci
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Science and Literature, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03200, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Muddassir Ali
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Meltem Demirel Kars
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Program, Meram Vocational School, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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Kara E, Çoban FK, Akıl M, Liman R, Ciğerci İH. The Effect of Ellagic Acid on Paraoxanase - 1 Activity and DNA Damage in Acute Exercise. JPRI 2019. [DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2019/v29i530250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between exhaustive and intensive exercise with changes in paraoxonase-1 enzyme activity, oxidative DNA damage and the role of ellagic acid against possible damage.
The study was carried out on 32 male and adult Spraque - Dawley rats at the Experimental Animal Research and Research Center of Afyon Kocatepe University. The experimental animals were equally divided into four groups. Swimming exercises were performed as acute exercises for once and experimental animals are made to swim in groups including two rats following the completion of the study and before the decapitation.
At the end of the experiment, obtained blood samples; Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-HydroxyGuanine (8-OhdG) levels were measured to determine DNA damage and DNA damage was assessed by Comet Assay method.
As a result, PON-1 levels in rats with intense swimming training were found to be significantly lower (p <0.05) than the control group. MDA and (8-OhdG) levels were significantly higher in the swimming group than in the control group (p <0.05). As to the DNA damage determination by COMET analysis, DNA damage was observed in the swimming groups according to the control groups. When the ellagic acid groups were compared with the swimming groups, there was a significant increase in PON-1 levels, and the levels of MDA and (8-OhdG) were significantly lower than the swimming groups. The DNA damage was also found to be low in these groups.
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Khallef M, Benouareth DE, Konuk M, Liman R, Bouchelaghem S, Hazzem S, Kerdouci K. The effect of silver nanoparticles on the mutagenic and the genotoxic properties of the urban wastewater liquid sludges. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:18403-18410. [PMID: 31049867 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05225-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are very effective compounds to transform and detoxicate common environmental contaminants. For this reason, crude urban liquid wastewater sludges were treated by silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs, 100 nm) for 24 h. Both Ag-NPs' treated and untreated sludges were examined for the evaluation if there are possible mutagenic/anti-mutagenic, cytotoxic, and genotoxic/anti-genotoxic effects by Ames and Allium cepa tests. The results were then subjected to statistical analyses by using SPSS software and p < 0.05 was accepted as a significant value. The data obtained from the Ames test showed that while untreated crude liquid sludge had a significant mutagenic effect, Ag-NP-treated one decreased its mutagenicity. Similar effects were also observed in the chromosome aberration-Allium cepa tests. Significant chromosome aberrations observed were C-metaphase, sticky metaphase, sticky anaphase, anaphase bridge, vagrant chromosome, and multipolar anaphases. Both tests demonstrated that silver nanoparticle treatment decreased the major mutagenicity and genotoxicity detected in the liquid wastewater sludges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Messaouda Khallef
- Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie et des Sciences de la Terre et de l'Univers, Université 8 Mai 1945 Guelma, BP 401, 24000, Guelma, Algeria
| | - Djamel Eddine Benouareth
- Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie et des Sciences de la Terre et de l'Univers, Université 8 Mai 1945 Guelma, BP 401, 24000, Guelma, Algeria
| | - Muhsin Konuk
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Üsküdar University, Altunizade, 34662, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Recep Liman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Usak University, 64200, Usak, Turkey
| | - Sara Bouchelaghem
- Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie et des Sciences de la Terre et de l'Univers, Université 8 Mai 1945 Guelma, BP 401, 24000, Guelma, Algeria
| | - Sara Hazzem
- Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie et des Sciences de la Terre et de l'Univers, Université 8 Mai 1945 Guelma, BP 401, 24000, Guelma, Algeria
| | - Khadra Kerdouci
- Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie et des Sciences de la Terre et de l'Univers, Université 8 Mai 1945 Guelma, BP 401, 24000, Guelma, Algeria
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Kölemek H, Bulduk İ, Ergün Y, Konuk M, Korcan SE, Liman R, Çoban FK. Synthesis of Morphine Loaded Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles (HAPs) and Determination of Genotoxic Effect for Using Pain Management. JPRI 2019. [DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2018/v25i630116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Morphine is used as a standard analgesic for intensive pain relief. It relieves acute and chronic pain by acting directly on the central nervous system and to treat myocardial infarction and shortness of breath. However, the use of morphine for the alleviation of chronic pain is controversial because of the its adverse side effects. The overall success of this medicine in chronic therapy is due to the long-term activity of the drug at a reasonable concentration. Nanoparticle-based carriers have emerged as a new class of drug delivery systems that can overcome traditional drug side-effect limitations by reducing toxicity to a minimum. In this study, a morphine-loaded HAPs drug delivery system was investigated. Fouirer Transform Infrared Spektrofotometre (FTIR) analysis was used to characterize typical functional groups found in the chemical composition of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles (HAPs) and morphine loaded HAPs (HAP+M). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Transmission electron microscope (TEM) analyzes were performed to examine the size, morphology, and porosity of morphine loaded HAPs. Characterization analysis showed that HAP nanoparticles were loaded with morphine. The effects of pH on release of morphine-loaded HAPs was determined. The release time of the entrapped morphine in the nanoparticle increased in all conditions, thus increasing the morphine time in the human body. Thus, patients will have to take less morphine. In addition, it was investigated whether the morphine loaded HAP cell produced oxidative stress and genotoxic effect on DNA. Findings presented in this paper suggested that morphine-loaded HAPs have a promising future as a nanocarrier for pain treatment.
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Liman R, Acikbas Y, Ciğerci İH. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of cerium oxide micro and nanoparticles by Allium and Comet tests. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 168:408-414. [PMID: 30399539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cerium oxide (CeO2) is extensively used in a range of applications like in television tubes, glass/ceramic polishing agent, fuel cells, solar cells, gas sensor andultraviolet absorbents. In current study, Allium ana-telophase and comet assays were employed to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of CeO2 microparticles (CMPs, <5 µm, bulk) and CeO2 nanoparticles (CNPs, < 25 nm) on the root meristem cells of Allium cepa by using mitotic phases, mitotic index (MI), chromosomal aberrations (CAs), and DNA damage. A cepa roots were treated with the CMPs and CNPs at four different concentrations (12.5, 25, 50, and 100 ppm) for 4 h. Methyl methane sulphonate (MMS,10 ppm) and distilled water were used as positive and negative control groups, respectively. All the applied doses statistically decreased MIs. MI values of CMPs were found higher than CNPs. CMPs and CNPs significantly increased CAs such as chromosome laggards, disturbed anaphase-telophase, stickiness and bridges and also DNA damage. Characterization of CMPs and CNPs showed the particle size as 4.24 ± 0.7 µm and 20.28 ± 2.33 nm, respectively. The average diameter of CMPs and CNPs in solution were in the range of 372.75 ± 70.23 nm and 167.74 ± 38.7 nm, respectively. These results demonstrated that CMPs and CNPs had cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in A. cepa root meristematic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Recep Liman
- Usak University Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, 1 Eylül Campus, 64300 Uşak, Turkey.
| | - Yaser Acikbas
- Usak University, Faculty of Engineering, Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, 64200 Uşak, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Hakkı Ciğerci
- Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Science and Literatures, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, 03200 Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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Küçük D, Liman R. Cytogenetic and genotoxic effects of 2-chlorophenol on Allium cepa L. root meristem cells. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:36117-36123. [PMID: 30357725 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3502-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
2-Chlorophenol (2-CP), a class of chlorinated organic pollutants like other chlorophenols, is used as intermediate in the synthesis of the higher chlorinated congeners, certain dyes, preservatives, herbicides, fungicides, and plastics. In this study, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of 2-CP were investigated on the root meristem cells of Allium cepa for its effects on root growth, mitotic index (MI), mitotic phases, chromosomal abnormalities (CAs), and DNA damage by using Allium anaphase-telophase and Comet assays. EC50 of 2-CP value was determined as approximately 25 mg/L by Allium root growth inhibition test. Three concentrations of 2-CP (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/L), distilled water (negative control), and methyl methane sulfonate (MMS, 10 mg/L, positive control) were applied to onion stem cells under different exposure periods (24, 48, 72, and 96 h). All the applied doses of 2-CP slightly decreased MIs. 2-CP induced total CAs such as disturbed anaphase-telophase, chromosome laggards, stickiness, and bridges and also DNA damage at significant levels. These results demonstrate that 2-CP has genotoxic effects in A. cepa root meristematic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Küçük
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Uşak University, 1 Eylül Campus, 64300, Uşak, Turkey
| | - Recep Liman
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Uşak University, 1 Eylül Campus, 64300, Uşak, Turkey.
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Liman R, Ciğerci İH, Gökçe S. Cytogenetic and genotoxic effects of Rosmaniric Acid on Allium cepa L. root meristem cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 121:444-449. [PMID: 30248483 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a natural polyphenol carboxylic acid, an ester of caffeic acid with 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid, found in many species. Current study was aimed to investigate the mitotic division, chromosomal and genotoxic effects of RA on Allium cepa root meristematic cells. In Allium root growth inhibition test, EC50 value was found as 100 ppm. Three concentrations (50, 100, and 200 ppm) of RA under different exposure periods (24, 48, 72 and 96 h) were employed to onion tuber roots. Distilled water and methyl methane sulfonate (MMS, 10 ppm) were used as a negative and positive control, respectively. 100 (except 24 h) and 200 ppm of RA significantly decreased mitotic index (MI). There was an increase of total chromosomal aberrations (CAs) at 50 ppm and simultaneous decrease of CAs at 200 ppm concentrations (p < 0.05). A significant increase in DNA damage was also observed at 200 ppm by Comet assay. Quantitative analysis of RA in A. cepa root meristem cells was also done by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Further investigations are required to explore the molecular mechanism involved in the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of RA on plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Recep Liman
- Uşak University Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, 64300, Uşak, Turkey.
| | - İbrahim Hakkı Ciğerci
- Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Science and Literatures, Biology Department, 03200, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Gökçe
- Uşak University, Central Research Laboratory, 64000, Uşak, Turkey
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Ciğerci İH, Ali MM, Kaygısız ŞY, Kaya B, Liman R. Genotoxic Assessment of Different Sizes of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and Ionic Iron in Earthworm (Eisenia hortensis) Coelomocytes by Comet Assay and Micronucleus Test. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2018; 101:105-109. [PMID: 29802429 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2364-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The current study was designed to evaluate genotoxicity of different sizes of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) and ionic iron using coelomocytes of the earthworms Eisenia hortensis. Earthworms were exposed to different series of IONPs and ionic iron concentrations to find the respective LC50 of the chosen chemicals. LC50 for < 50, <100 nm and the ionic iron of IONPs were 500, 200, 250 µg/mL respectively. Concentrations of LC50/2 (250, 100, 125 µg/mL for < 50, <100 nm and the ionic iron respectively) and LC50 for 48 h were used to perform the comet assay and micronucleus test. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) increase in DNA and chromosomal damage was observed for all sizes of IONPs and ionic iron. In the comet assay system, the greatest genotoxicity was observed in the treatments with < 100 nm IONPs, whereas the greatest numbers of micronuclei and binucleate cells were observed in the treatments with ionic iron. It was concluded that different types of nanoparticles (i.e. sizes, shapes) may have different genotoxic potencies in different assays with E. hortensis earthworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- İbrahim Hakkı Ciğerci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Muddassir Ali
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Şöhret Yüksek Kaygısız
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Bülent Kaya
- Department of Biology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Recep Liman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Uşak University, Uşak, Turkey
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Akyil D, Konuk M, Eren Y, Liman R, Sağlam E. Mutagenic and genotoxic effects of Anilofos with micronucleus, chromosome aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges and Ames test. Cytotechnology 2017; 69:865-874. [PMID: 28608257 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-017-0099-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the mutagenic effect of Anilofos, organophosphate pesticide, by using Ames/Salmonella/microsome test. Its cytotoxic and genotoxic effects were also determined by chromosome aberration (CA), sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and micronucleus (MN) test in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. In the Ames test, five different concentrations of Anilofos were examined on TA97, TA98, TA100 and TA102 strains in the absence and presence of S9 fraction. According to the results all concentrations of this pesticide have not shown any mutagenic activity on TA97, TA100 and TA102 strains in the absence and presence of S9 fraction. But, 10, 100 and 1000 µg/plate concentrations of Anilofos were determined to be mutagenic on TA98 strain without S9 fraction. Lymphocytes were treated with various concentrations (25, 50, 100 and 200 µg/ml) of Anilofos for 24 and 48 h. The results of the assays showed that Anilofos did not induce SCE frequency, replication index and MN formation at all concentrations for both treatment periods. Anilofos significantly increased CA frequency at 100 and 200 µg/ml concentrations at 24 h treatment periods and at 50, 100 and 200 µg/ml concentrations in 48 h treatment periods. Additionally, it was determined that this pesticide decreased mitotic index and nuclear division index significantly. It was concluded that Anilofos has genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in human peripheral lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Akyil
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Department, Faculty of Sciences and Literatures, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03200, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
| | - Muhsin Konuk
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Üsküdar University, Altunizade, 34662, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasin Eren
- Science Education Department, Education Faculty, Suleyman Demirel University, 32200, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Recep Liman
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Sciences and Literatures, Usak University, 64200, Uşak, Turkey
| | - Esra Sağlam
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Üsküdar University, Altunizade, 34662, Istanbul, Turkey
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Liman R, Çoban F, Ciğerci I, Bulduk İ, Bozkurt S. Antiangiogenic and Apoptotic Effects of Oleuropein on Breast Cancer Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.9734/bjpr/2017/33403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ciğerci İH, Ali MM, Kaygısız ŞY, Liman R. Genotoxicity assessment of cobalt chloride in Eisenia hortensis earthworms coelomocytes by comet assay and micronucleus test. Chemosphere 2016; 144:754-757. [PMID: 26408983 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt and its different compounds are extensively used worldwide and considered as possible environmental pollutant. Earthworms are useful model organism and its different species are used to monitor soil pollution. No study has been found to detect cobalt chloride (CoCl2) genotoxicity in earthworms. So, current study aimed to evaluate CoCl2 induced genotoxicity in Eisenia hortensis earthworms coelomocytes by alkaline comet assay (CA) and micronucleus (MN) test. The earthworms (n = 10 for each group) were exposed to different series of CoCl2 concentrations (100 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm, 400 ppm, 500 ppm, 600 ppm) to find LD50. The LD50 for CoCl2 was found at 226 ppm. Then, doses of LD50/2, LD50 and 2XLD50 for 48 h were used. CA and MN demonstrated the significant increase (P < 0.05) in DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations. Dose dependent relationship was found. Highest DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations were noticed at 2XLD50. The results concluded that CoCl2 induced DNA damage, cytokinesis failure and chromosomal aberrations in E. hortensis earthworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- İbrahim Hakkı Ciğerci
- Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Science and Literatures, Molecular Biology and Genetic Department, 03200, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
| | - Muhammad Muddassir Ali
- Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Science and Literatures, Molecular Biology and Genetic Department, 03200, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Şöhret Yüksek Kaygısız
- Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Science and Literatures, Molecular Biology and Genetic Department, 03200, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Recep Liman
- Uşak University, 1 September Campus Faculty of Arts and Sciences Molecular Biology and Genetic Department, 64200 Uşak, Turkey
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Eren Y, Özata A, Konuk M, Akyil D, Liman R. A mutagenicity and cytotoxicity study on Limonium effusum aqueous extracts by Allium, Ames and MTT tests. CYTOL GENET+ 2015. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452715020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Eren Y, Ozata A, Konuk M, Akyil D, Liman R. A mutagenicity and cytotoxicity study of limonium effusum aqueous extracts by Allium, Ames and MTT tests. Tsitol Genet 2015; 49:56-65. [PMID: 26030975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays plants or plant extracts have become very important for alternative medicine. Plants and their extracts have many therapeutical advantages but some of them are potentially toxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic and teratogenic. Root, stem and leafparts of Limonium effusum were used in this study and this species is an endemic species for Turkey. Mutagenic and cytotoxic effects of root, stem and leaf aqueous extracts were observed with Allium, Ames and MTT tests. Allium root growth inhibition test and mitotic index studies showed that aqueous extracts have dose-dependent toxic effects. Chromosome aberration studies indicated that especially sticky chromosome, anaphase-telophase disorder and laggard chromosome anomalies were highly observed. Ames test performed with Limonium effusum root aqueous extracts, showed weak mutagenic effects in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 strain with S9. MTT test based on mitochondrial activity indicated that most of the aqueous extracts have cytotoxic effects. This study aimed to determine the possible mutagenic and cytotoxic effects of L. effusum aqueous extracts by using bacterial, plant and mammalian cells. This research showed that some low concentrations of the L. effusum extracts have inhibited cytotoxic effects but high concentrations have induced cytotoxicity. On the other hand only a weak mutagenic activity was identified by Ames test with TA98 S9(+).
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Abda A, Benouareth DE, Tabet M, Liman R, Konuk M, Khallef M, Taher A. Mutagenicity and genotoxicity of drinking water in Guelma region, Algeria. Environ Monit Assess 2015; 187:21. [PMID: 25626560 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-4223-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a battery of genotoxicity assays for monitoring drinking water was performed to assess the quality of the water resulting from the treatment plants. Five different types of samples were collected: raw water (P1), treated after pre-chlorination (P2), treated after decantation (P3), treated post-chlorination (P4), and consumers' taps (P5-P12). This study aims to evaluate the formation/occurrence of mutagenic and/or genotoxic compounds in surface drinking waters treated with chlorine disinfectant, during four seasonal experiments: summer, autumn, winter, and spring between 2012 and 2013 by bacterial reverse mutation assay in both Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains with or without metabolic activation system (S9 mix) and Allium cepa root meristematic cells, respectively. All of water samples, except at P1, P2, and P5 in summer; P1 in autumn; and P1 and P3-P12 in spring without S9 mix, and at P1 and P2 in summer and P6 and P8-P12 in spring with S9 mix, were found to be mutagenic in S. typhimurium TA98. However, only P11 and P12 in winter were found to be mutagenic for TA100 without S9 mix. The tested preparations in Allium anaphase-telophase test revealed a significant decrease in mitotic index (MI) and a simultaneous increase in chromosome aberrations (CAs) compared to the control. The bridge, stickiness, vagrant chromosomes, and disturbed chromosome aberrations were observed in anaphase-telophase cells. Physicochemical analysis, trihalomethanes (THMs), romoform (CHBr3), chloroform (CHCl3), bromodichloromethane (CHBrCl2), and dibromochloromethane (CHBr2Cl) levels in water samples were also determined. The results show also that this short-term battery tests are applicable in the routine monitoring of drinking water quality before and after distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlem Abda
- Biology Department, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Earth and Universe Sciences, University 8 Mai 1945 Guelma, BP 401, 24000, Guelma, Algeria
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Tabet M, Abda A, Benouareth DE, Liman R, Konuk M, Khallef M, Taher A. Mutagenic and genotoxic effects of Guelma's urban wastewater, Algeria. Environ Monit Assess 2015; 187:26. [PMID: 25632904 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4281-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of water pollution and its effect upon river biotic communities and human health is indispensable to develop control and management strategies. In this study, the mutagenicity and genotoxicity of urban wastewater of the city of Guelma in Algeria were examined between April 2012 and April 2013. For this, two biological tests, namely Amesand chromosomal aberrations (CA) test in Allium cepa root tips were employed on the samples collected from five different sampling stages (S1-S5). In Ames test, two strains of Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 with or without metabolic activation (S9-mix) were used. All water samples were found to be mutagenic to S. typhimurium TA98 with or without S9-mix. A significant decrease in mitotic index (MI) was observed with a decrease in the percentage of cells in the prophase and an increase in the telophase. Main aberrations observed were anaphase bridges, disturbed anaphase-telophase cells, vagrants and stickiness in anaphase-telophase cells. All treatments of wastewater in April 2012, at S5 in July 2012, at S1 and S5 in November 2012, at S5 in February 2013, and at S1 in April 2013 induced CA when compared to the negative control. Some physicochemical parameters and heavy metals (Cd, Pb, and Cu) were also recorded in the samples examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Tabet
- Biology Department, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Earth and Universe Sciences, University 8 Mai 1945 Guelma, BP 401, Guelma, 24000, Algeria
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Liman R, Ciğerci İH, Öztürk NS. Determination of genotoxic effects of Imazethapyr herbicide in Allium cepa root cells by mitotic activity, chromosome aberration, and comet assay. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2015; 118:38-42. [PMID: 25752428 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Imazethapyr (IM) is an imidazolinone herbicide that is currently used for broad-spectrum weed control in soybean and other legume crops. In this study, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of IM were investigated by using mitotic index (MI), mitotic phases, chromosomal abnormalities (CAs) and DNA damage on the root meristem cells of Allium cepa. In Allium root growth inhibition test, EC50 value was determined as 20 ppm, and 0.5xEC50, EC50 and 2xEC50 concentrations of IM herbicide were introduced to onion tuber roots. Distilled water and methyl methane sulfonate (MMS, 10 mg/L) were used as a negative and positive control, respectively. As A. cepa cell cycle is 24 hours, so, application process was carried out for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. All the applied doses decreased MIs compared to control group and these declines were found to be statistically meaningful. Analysis of the chromosomes showed that 10 ppm IM except for 48 h induced CAs but 40 ppm IM except for 72 h decreased CAs. DNA damage was found significantly higher in 20 and 40 ppm of IM compared to the control in comet assay. These results indicated that IM herbicide exhibits cytotoxic activity but not genotoxic activity (except 10 ppm) and induced DNA damage in a dose dependent manner in A. cepa root meristematic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Recep Liman
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Uşak University, Uşak 64300, Turkey.
| | - İbrahim Hakkı Ciğerci
- Faculty of Science and Literatures, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar 03200, Turkey
| | - Nur Serap Öztürk
- Faculty of Science and Literatures, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar 03200, Turkey
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Ciğerci İH, Liman R, Özgül E, Konuk M. Genotoxicity of indium tin oxide by Allium and Comet tests. Cytotechnology 2015; 67:157-63. [PMID: 24337653 PMCID: PMC4294836 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-013-9673-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Genotoxic effects of indium tin oxide (ITO) were investigated on root cells of Allium cepa by employing both Allium and Comet assays. A. cepa roots were treated with the aqueous dispersions of ITO at 5 different concentrations (12.5, 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm) for 4 h. Exposure of ITO significantly increased mitotic index, and total chromosomal aberrations by the Allium test. While chromosome laggards, stickiness, disturbed anaphase-telophase and anaphase bridges were observed in anaphase-telophase cells, c-metaphase and binuclear cells were observed in other cells. A significant increase in DNA damage was also observed at all concentrations of ITO by the Comet assay. These results indicate that ITO exhibits genotoxic activity in A. cepa root meristematic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- İbrahim Hakkı Ciğerci
- />Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Literatures, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03200 Afyon, Turkey
| | - Recep Liman
- />Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Uşak University, 1 Eylül Campus, 64300 Uşak, Turkey
| | - Emre Özgül
- />Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Literatures, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03200 Afyon, Turkey
| | - Muhsin Konuk
- />Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Üsküdar University, Altunizade, 34662 Istanbul, Turkey
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Khallef M, Liman R, Konuk M, Ciğerci İH, Benouareth D, Tabet M, Abda A. Genotoxicity of drinking water disinfection by-products (bromoform and chloroform) by using both Allium anaphase-telophase and comet tests. Cytotechnology 2013; 67:207-13. [PMID: 24363168 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-013-9675-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Genotoxic effects of bromoform and chloroform, disinfection by-products of the chlorination of drinking water, were examined by using mitotic index (MI), mitotic phase, chromosome aberrations (CAs) and comet assay on root meristematic cells of Allium cepa. Different concentrations of bromoform (25, 50, 75 and 100 μg/mL) and chloroform (25, 50, 100 and 200 μg/mL) were introduced to onion tuber roots. Distilled water was used as a negative control and methyl methansulfonate (MMS-10 μg/mL) as positive control. All obtained data were subjected to statistical analyses by using SPSS 15.0 for Windows software. For comparison purposes, Duncan multiple range tests by using one-way analysis of variance were employed and p < 0.05 was accepted as significant value. Exposure of both chemicals (except 25 μg/mL applications of bromoform) significantly decreased MI. Bromoform and chloroform (except 25 μg/mL applications) increased total CAs in Allium anaphase-telophase test. A significant increase in DNA damage was also observed at all concentrations of both bromoform and chloroform examined by comet assay. The damages were higher than that of positive control especially at 75-100 μg/mL for bromoform and 100-200 μg/mL for chloroform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Messaouda Khallef
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar University, 23000, Annaba, Algeria
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Liman R. Genotoxic effects of Bismuth (III) oxide nanoparticles by Allium and Comet assay. Chemosphere 2013; 93:269-73. [PMID: 23790828 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Genotoxic effects of Bismuth (III) oxide nanoparticles (BONPs) were investigated on the root cells of Allium cepa by Allium and Comet assay. A. cepa roots were treated with the aqueous dispersions of BONPs at five different concentrations (12.5, 25, 50, 75, and 100ppm) for 4h. Exposure of BONPs significantly increased mitotic index (MI) except 12.5ppm, total chromosomal aberrations (CAs) in Allium test. While stickiness chromosome laggards, disturbed anaphase-telophase and anaphase bridges were observed in anaphase-telophase cells, pro-metaphase and c-metaphase in other cells. A significant increase in DNA damage was also observed at all concentrations of BONPs except 12.5ppm by Comet assay. The results were also analyzed statistically by using SPSS for Windows; Duncan's multiple range test was performed. These results indicate that BONPs exhibit genotoxic activity in A. cepa root meristematic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Recep Liman
- Usak University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, 1 Eylül Campus, 64300 Uşak, Turkey.
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Liman R, Facey PD, van Keulen G, Dyson PJ, Del Sol R. A laterally acquired galactose oxidase-like gene is required for aerial development during osmotic stress in Streptomyces coelicolor. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54112. [PMID: 23326581 PMCID: PMC3543389 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phylogenetic reconstruction revealed that most Actinobacterial orthologs of S. coelicolor SCO2837, encoding a metal-dependent galactose oxidase-like protein, are found within Streptomyces and were probably acquired by horizontal gene transfer from fungi. Disruption of SCO2837 (glxA) caused a conditional bld phenotype that could not be reversed by extracellular complementation. Studies aimed at characterising the regulation of expression of glxA showed that it is not a target for other bld genes. We provide evidence that glxA is required for osmotic adaptation, although independently from the known osmotic stress response element SigB. glxA has been predicted to be part of an operon with the transcription unit comprising the upstream cslA gene and glxA. However, both phenotypic and expression studies indicate that it is also expressed from an independent promoter region internal to cslA. GlxA displays an in situ localisation pattern similar to that one observed for CslA at hyphal tips, but localisation of the former is independent of the latter. The functional role of GlxA in relation to CslA is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Recep Liman
- Faculty of Science, Department of Genetics, Usak University, Usak, Turkey
| | - Paul D. Facey
- Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Geertje van Keulen
- Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J. Dyson
- Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Ricardo Del Sol
- Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Liman R, Gökçe UG, Akyıl D, Eren Y, Konuk M. Evaluation of genotoxic and mutagenic effects of aqueous extract from aerial parts of Linaria genistifolia subsp. genistifolia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-695x2012005000028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Liman R, Akyil D, Eren Y, Konuk M. Testing of the mutagenicity and genotoxicity of metolcarb by using both Ames/Salmonella and Allium test. Chemosphere 2010; 80:1056-1061. [PMID: 20605189 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Revised: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 05/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Mutagenic and genotoxic effects of metolcarb were investigated by both bacterial reverse mutation assay in Salmonella typhimurium TA97, TA98, TA100 and TA102 strains with or without metabolic activation system (S9) and Allium cepa root meristematic cells, respectively. Metolcarb was dissolved in DMSO in Ames/Salmonella test system. 0.1, 1 and 10 microg/plate doses of metolcarb were found to be mutagenic S. typhimurium TA98 without S9. In Allium root growth inhibition test, EC50 value was determined 200 ppm and 0.5xEC50, EC50 and 2xEC50 concentrations of metolcarb were introduced to onion tuber roots and distilled water used as a negative control. Mitotic index (MI), increased in all concentrations compared to control at each exposure time. While disturbed anaphase-telophase, chromosome laggards, stickiness and bridges were observed in anaphase-telophase cells, pro-metaphase, C-mitosis, polyploidy, binuclear cells and disturbed nucleus were observed in other cells. The results were also analyzed statistically by using SPSS for Windows, Mann-Whitney test and Duncan's multiple range tests were performed respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Recep Liman
- Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Science and Literatures, Biology Department, 03200 Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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