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Fajar JK, Susanti M, Pikir BS, Saka PNB, Sidarta EP, Tamara F, Akbar RR, Hutama SA, Gunawan A, Heriansyah T. The association between angiotensin II type 1 receptor A1166C gene polymorphism and the risk of essential hypertension: a meta-analysis. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-019-0016-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundSince first reported having the association with essential hypertension, angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) A1166C was globally investigated worldwide. However, controversy was found. Furthermore, previous meta-analyses did not adequate to clarify the precise correlation due to some limitations. Therefore, we aimed to perform a meta-analysis concerning the association between AT1R A1166C single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and the risk of essential hypertension with eliminating the limitations of previous studies.MethodsA meta-analysis was conducted from February to March 2019. Some information related to sample size of hypertension and control groups and genotype frequencies of hypertension and control groups were extracted from each study. Data were analyzed using fixed or random effect model to determine the overall correlation.ResultsA total of 45 papers consisting of 11911 cases and 1340 controls were enrolled for the study. Our overall analysis showed that C allele and AC genotype of AT1R A1166C was associated with 1.18-fold and 1.15-fold respectively increased risk of essential hypertension, while the decreased risk of essential hypertension was observed in A allele and AA genotype. In sub-group analysis, increased risk of essential hypertension was found in C allele, AC genotype, and CC genotype of both Asian population and PCR-RFLP sub-groups, while decreased risk was observed in A allele and AA genotype.ConclusionsOur meta-analysis reveals that AT1R A1166C remains a valuable SNP having an association with the risk of essential hypertension.
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Yao J, Hurle MR, Nelson MR, Agarwal P. Predicting clinically promising therapeutic hypotheses using tensor factorization. BMC Bioinformatics 2019; 20:69. [PMID: 30736745 PMCID: PMC6368709 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-019-2664-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Determining which target to pursue is a challenging and error-prone first step in developing a therapeutic treatment for a disease, where missteps are potentially very costly given the long-time frames and high expenses of drug development. With current informatics technology and machine learning algorithms, it is now possible to computationally discover therapeutic hypotheses by predicting clinically promising drug targets based on the evidence associating drug targets with disease indications. We have collected this evidence from Open Targets and additional databases that covers 17 sources of evidence for target-indication association and represented the data as a tensor of 21,437 × 2211 × 17. RESULTS As a proof-of-concept, we identified examples of successes and failures of target-indication pairs in clinical trials across 875 targets and 574 disease indications to build a gold-standard data set of 6140 known clinical outcomes. We designed and executed three benchmarking strategies to examine the performance of multiple machine learning models: Logistic Regression, LASSO, Random Forest, Tensor Factorization and Gradient Boosting Machine. With 10-fold cross-validation, tensor factorization achieved AUROC = 0.82 ± 0.02 and AUPRC = 0.71 ± 0.03. Across multiple validation schemes, this was comparable or better than other methods. CONCLUSION In this work, we benchmarked a machine learning technique called tensor factorization for the problem of predicting clinical outcomes of therapeutic hypotheses. Results have shown that this method can achieve equal or better prediction performance compared with a variety of baseline models. We demonstrate one application of the method to predict outcomes of trials on novel indications of approved drug targets. This work can be expanded to targets and indications that have never been clinically tested and proposing novel target-indication hypotheses. Our proposed biologically-motivated cross-validation schemes provide insight into the robustness of the prediction performance. This has significant implications for all future methods that try to address this seminal problem in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yao
- Computational Biology, GSK R&D, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, UP12-200, Collegeville, PA USA
| | - Mark R. Hurle
- Computational Biology, GSK R&D, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, UP12-200, Collegeville, PA USA
| | - Matthew R. Nelson
- Genetics, GSK R&D, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, UP12-200, Collegeville, PA USA
| | - Pankaj Agarwal
- Computational Biology, GSK R&D, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, UP12-200, Collegeville, PA USA
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Yang Y, Tian T, Lu J, He H, Xing K, Tian G. A1166C polymorphism of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene contributes to hypertension susceptibility: evidence from a meta-analysis. Acta Cardiol 2017; 72:205-215. [PMID: 28597796 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2017.1291211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background The angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) gene is a prime candidate for polymorphisms that could contribute to hypertension. A polymorphism in the 3' untranslated region, leading to the transversion of adenine to cytosine at position 1166, has been the most-studied variant. However, the results have been inconsistent, and we therefore performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the association of this polymorphism with hypertension. Methods We conducted an extended a computer-based literature search of PubMed and Web of Knowledge up to November 30, 2015. The extracted data were analysed statistically, and pooled odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to assess the strengths of associations using Review Manager software (version 5.2). Results After removing 5 studies that were not consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, we finally collected 41 case-control studies involving 11,837 cases and 11,020 controls to evaluate the association between AT1R polymorphisms and hypertension. We found that the risk of hypertension was higher for allele C than for allele A under the codominant model, significantly higher for genotype CC + AC than for genotype AA under the dominant model, and significantly higher for genotype CC + AC in Caucasians. Conclusion This meta-analysis suggests that the AT1R 1166 CC + AC genotype consistently confers susceptibility to hypertension and that early preventive measures should be applied in clinical settings according to patient genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Yang
- Dept. of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- The third Dept. of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Tao Tian
- Dept. of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Clinical Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hairong He
- Clinical Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Kun Xing
- The third Dept. of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Dept. of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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Shamaa MM, Fouad H, Haroun M, Shamaa LA. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (A1166C) gene polymorphism and essential hypertension in Egyptian population. Egypt Heart J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ehj.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Alavi-Shahri J, Behravan J, Hassany M, Tatari F, Kasaian J, Ganjali R, Tavallaie S, Sabouri S, Sahebkar A, Oladi M, Mirhosseini N, Shakeri MT, Montaser-Kouhsari S, Omidvar Tehrani S, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Visvikis-Siest S, Ferns G. Association between angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene polymorphism and metabolic syndrome in a young female Iranian population. Arch Med Res 2011; 41:343-9. [PMID: 20851291 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2010.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The overall prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing among children and adolescents and can predispose to type II diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. There are reported associations between an angiotensin II type I receptor gene polymorphism (AT(1)R/A1166C) with hypertension, myocardial infarction, insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease risk. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether the AT(1)R/A1166C polymorphism was associated with MetS among adolescent Iranian girls. METHODS A total of 350 adolescent girls aged 15-17 years from high schools and different educational zones of Mashhad city participated in this population-based, genetic association study. Of these individuals, 101 patients had MetS (defined by the NCEP-ATP III criteria); the remaining 249 age-matched girls were considered as the control group. All subjects were genotyped for the AT(1)R/A1166C polymorphism using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. RESULTS Frequencies of the AA, AC and CC genotypes were 164 (65.9%), 80 (32.1%) and 5 (2.0%) in the control group and 79 (78.2%), 20 (19.8%) and 2 (2.0%) in patients, which were not consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p <0.05 and p <0.001, respectively). Frequency of the AT(1)R C allele was found to be significantly lower in patients compared with controls (p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that the 1166C allele of AT(1)R gene may be associated with a decreased risk of MetS in adolescent Iranian females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamshid Alavi-Shahri
- Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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Daugherty A, Poduri A, Chen X, Lu H, Cassis LA. Genetic variants of the Renin Angiotensin system: effects on atherosclerosis in experimental models and humans. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2010; 12:167-73. [PMID: 20425255 PMCID: PMC2857789 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-010-0109-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The renin angiotensin system (RAS) has profound effects on atherosclerosis development in animal models, which is partially complimented by evidence in the human disease. Although angiotensin II was considered to be the principal effector of the RAS, a broader array of bioactive angiotensin peptides have been identified that have increased the scope of enzymes and receptors in the RAS. Genetic interruption of the synthesis of these peptides has not been extensively performed in experimental or human studies. A few studies demonstrate that interruption of a component of the angiotensin peptide synthesis pathway reduces experimental lesion formation. The evidence in human studies has not been consistent. Conversely, genetic manipulation of the RAS receptors has demonstrated that AT1a receptors are profoundly involved in experimental atherosclerosis. Few studies have reported links of genetic variants of angiotensin II receptors to human atherosclerotic diseases. Further genetic studies are needed to define the role of RAS in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Daugherty
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, BBSRB, Room B-243, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, USA.
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Mottl AK, Shoham DA, North KE. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor polymorphisms and susceptibility to hypertension: a HuGE review. Genet Med 2008; 10:560-74. [PMID: 18641512 PMCID: PMC4993203 DOI: 10.1097/gim.0b013e3181809613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AGTR1) plays an integral role in blood pressure control, and is implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Polymorphisms within this gene have been extensively studied in association with hypertension; however, findings are conflicting. To clarify these data, we conducted a systematic review of association studies of AGTR1 polymorphisms and hypertension, and performed a meta-analysis of the rs5186 variant. Results show that the currently available literature is too heterogeneous to draw meaningful conclusions. The definition of hypertension and gender composition of individual studies helps to explain this heterogeneity. Although the structure and splicing pattern of AGTR1 would suggest a likely effect of polymorphisms within the promoter region on gene function, few studies have been conducted thus far. In conclusion, there is insufficient evidence that polymorphisms in the AGTR1 gene are risk factors for hypertension. However, most studies are inadequately powered, and larger well-designed studies of haplotypes are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K Mottl
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
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Carey RM. Pathophysiology of Primary Hypertension. Microcirculation 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-374530-9.00020-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
Hypertension is a complex genetic disorder caused by interplay between several "risk" genes and environmental factors (genetic heritability approximately 30%). Most genetic studies of hypertension use a candidate gene approach and two conclusions have been made: there is no association or linkage with the genes studied, or the hypertension phenotype is heterogeneous and subgroups with hypertension related to certain polymorphisms cannot be identified because of background noise. Studies using intermediate phenotypes suggest the latter is most likely. Another problem is the reliability of gene structure assessment: usually only one or two gene polymorphisms are assessed. The use of intermediate phenotypes and dense mapping of candidate genes would provide a better approach for identifying genotype-phenotype correlations, which might enable the use of genotypes to identify more-specific therapeutic and preventative measures for hypertensives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Agarwal
- Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis (ATS) is a multifactorial disease caused by the interaction of established or emerging risk factors with multiple predisposing genes that regulate ATS-related processes. This review will discuss the current knowledge concerning the potential role of the genetic variations that could promote and/or accelerate ATS, in both animal models and humans. Allelic polymorphisms or variations of distinct genes that enhance the risk of ATS frequently occur in the general population, but only adequate gene-environment interactions will lead to the disease. The main genes so far studied are involved in the regulation of processes such as endothelial function, antioxidant potential, coagulation, inflammatory response, and lipid, protein and carbohydrate metabolism. The detection of candidate genes associated with ATS could allow, in the near future, earlier interventions in genetically susceptible individuals. Further, large-scale population studies are needed to obtain more information on the specific gene-environment and drug-gene interactions capable of influencing ATS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Puddu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardioangiology, Hepatology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Henderson SO, Haiman CA, Mack W. Multiple Polymorphisms in the renin- angiotensin-aldosterone system (ACE, CYP11B2, AGTR1) and their contribution to hypertension in African Americans and Latinos in the multiethnic cohort. Am J Med Sci 2004; 328:266-73. [PMID: 15545843 DOI: 10.1097/00000441-200411000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE When compared with other U.S. populations, African Americans have excess hypertension. Genetic variants in elements of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), namely the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2), and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AGTR1) genes, have been associated with risk of hypertension in some populations. METHODS We genotyped the D/I polymorphism in the ACE gene, the C(-344)T polymorphism in the CYP11B2 gene, and the C(-535)T polymorphism in the AGTR1 gene among African American and Latino members of the Multiethnic Cohort Study (MEC) to determine their association with hypertension. RESULTS We observed no significant increase in the risk of hypertension for either African Americans or Latinos homozygous or heterozygous for the D allele of the ACE gene. Among African Americans we observed carriers of the (-344)T allele of CYP11B2 to be at increased risk of hypertension (versus CC genotype: TC genotype, OR = 1.66 [95% CI: 1.01-2.72]; TT genotype, OR = 1.74 [95% CI: 1.07-2.82]). There was also an increase in risk of hypertension associated with the AGTR1 T allele for African Americans (versus CC genotype: TC genotype, OR = 2.62 [95% CI: 1.46-4.72]; TT genotype, OR = 2.67 [95% CI: 1.51-4.74]). The associations observed with CYP11B2 and AGTR1 genotypes were not observed among Latinos. CONCLUSION These data suggest that the (-535)T allele of AGTR1 and (-344)T allele of CYP11B2 may increase hypertension risk among African Americans but not among Latinos. Characterization of the linkage disequilibrium and haplotype patterns in the RAAS pathway genes will be crucial to understanding differences in hypertension susceptibility in these ethnic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean O Henderson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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Stanković A, Zivkovic M, Glisić S, Alavantić D. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene polymorphism and essential hypertension in Serbian population. Clin Chim Acta 2003; 327:181-5. [PMID: 12482634 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-8981(02)00340-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Essential hypertension is considered to be a multifactorial trait resulting from the combined influence of environmental and genetic determinants. Due to the controversial results about the role of the ATR1 gene locus in hypertension and understanding that ethnic origin should be carefully considered in studying the association between gene polymorphism and disease etiology, we investigated the role of A1166C polymorphism in Serbian hypertensives. A total of 298 subjects, 100 hypertensive and 198 normotensive, age- and sex-matched controls, were included in this study. All subjects were genotyped for the A1166C polymorphism in ATR1 gene using allele-specific PCR-based technique. There were significant differences in both allele and genotype frequencies between hypertensive and normotensive male subjects (p<0.05). There is significant association between hypertension and CC genotype (CC vs. AC+AA OR=2.56, p=0.04) in the males only. These results suggest that a genetic variant of the ATR1 gene locus influences the risk of essential hypertension in the sex-specific manner in the Serbian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Stanković
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, "Vinca" Institute of Nuclear Sciences, PO Box 522, 11001, Belgrade, Yugoslavia
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Tabara Y, Kohara K, Miki T. Polymorphisms of genes encoding components of the sympathetic nervous system but not the renin-angiotensin system as risk factors for orthostatic hypotension. J Hypertens 2002; 20:651-6. [PMID: 11910300 DOI: 10.1097/00004872-200204000-00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The genetic background of orthostatic hypotension, an important risk factor for future cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, was investigated. DESIGN AND METHODS The study subjects comprised 415 community-dwelling individuals, who were free from any cardiovascular complications, aged 50 years or older (mean age 70.5 +/- 9 years). Basal systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured twice in supine posture after resting for more than 10 min. The orthostatic change in SBP was determined at 1 min and 3 min after standing up. The maximum change in SBP after standing was determined. Orthostatic hypotension was defined as a decline in SBP greater than 20 mmHg. The polymorphisms of genes encoding components of the renin-angiotensin system and sympathetic nervous system, which play pivotal roles in postural change in blood pressure regulation, were determined. RESULTS There were no significant associations between the maximum change in SBP, the prevalence of orthostatic hypotension and gene polymorphisms of angiotensin-converting enzyme I/D, angiotensinogen M235T and angiotensin II type 1 receptor A1166C. On the contrary, polymorphism of the Gs protein alpha-subunit (GNAS1) T131C was significantly associated with the maximum change in SBP after standing [1.9 +/- 16 versus -3.6 +/- 16 mmHg (TT + TC versus CC), P = 0.008]. The prevalence of orthostatic hypotension was significantly different among GNAS1 genotypes (chi squared = 10.12, P = 0.011) and G-protein beta 3 subunit (GNB3) genotypes (chi squared = 6.12, P = 0.020). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that both GNAS1 CC genotype [odds ratio (OR) = 2.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.35-5.79, P = 0.006] and GNB3 C allele (OR = 1.78, 95% CI 1.06-3.00, P = 0.030) were independent risks for orthostatic hypotension. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that genes encoding sympathetic nervous components could be involved in the predisposition for orthostatic hypotension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuharu Tabara
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Ehime University School of Medicine, Shigenobu-cho, Onsen-gun, Ehime, Japan
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Baudin B. Angiotensin II receptor polymorphisms in hypertension. Pharmacogenomic considerations. Pharmacogenomics 2002; 3:65-73. [PMID: 11966404 DOI: 10.1517/14622416.3.1.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular variants of individual components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) are thought to contribute to inherited predisposition towards essential hypertension. Polymorphisms in genes of angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT-1) have been related to differential responses to antihypertensive drugs. AT-1 receptor mediates the major pressor and trophic actions of angiotensin II (Ang II). At least 14 AT-1 polymorphisms have been described in the gene (AGT1R); in particular the +1166 A/C polymorphism has been associated with the severe form of essential hypertension. A relationship was suggested between this polymorphism and the humoral and renal hemodynamic responses to losartan, an antihypertensive drug acting as an AT-1 blocker. Variability in the individual response to AT-1 antagonists could also be due to variations in the pharmacokinetics of the drugs. This review presents current knowledge on Ang II-receptors and polymorphisms in AGT1R related to cardiovascular disease and antihypertensive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Baudin
- Service de Biochimie A, Hôpital Saint-Antoine - 75571 Paris Cedex 12, France.
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