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Abdelgalil AI, Yassin AM, Khattab MS, Abdelnaby EA, Marouf SA, Farghali HA, Emam IA. Platelet-rich plasma attenuates the UPEC-induced cystitis via inhibiting MMP-2,9 activities and downregulation of NGF and VEGF in Canis Lupus Familiaris model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13612. [PMID: 38871929 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63760-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the most prevalent disorders of the urinary system is urinary tract infection, which is mostly brought on by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). The objective of this study was to evaluate the regenerative therapeutic and antibacterial efficacy of PRP for induced bacterial cystitis in dogs in comparison to conventional antibiotics. 25 healthy male mongrel dogs were divided into 5 groups (n = 5). Control negative group that received neither induced infection nor treatments. 20 dogs were randomized into 4 groups after two weeks of induction of UPEC cystitis into; Group 1 (control positive; G1) received weekly intravesicular instillation of sodium chloride 0.9%. Group 2 (syst/PRP; G2), treated with both systemic intramuscular antibiotic and weekly intravesicular instillation of PRP; Group 3 (PRP; G3), treated with weekly intravesicular instillation of PRP, and Group 4 (syst; G4) treated with an intramuscular systemic antibiotic. Animals were subjected to weekly clinical, ultrasonographic evaluation, urinary microbiological analysis, and redox status biomarkers estimation. Urinary matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-9) and urinary gene expression for platelet-derived growth factor -B (PDGF-B), nerve growth factor (NGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured. At the end of the study, dogs were euthanized, and the bladder tissues were examined macroscopically, histologically, and immunohistochemically for NF-κB P65 and Cox-2. The PRP-treated group showed significant improvement for all the clinical, Doppler parameters, and the urinary redox status (p < 0.05). The urinary MMPs activity was significantly decreased in the PRP-treated group and the expression level of urinary NGF and VEGF were downregulated while PDGFB was significantly upregulated (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the urinary viable cell count was significantly reduced in all treatments (P < 0.05). Gross examination of bladder tissue showed marked improvement for the PRP-treated group, expressed in the histopathological findings. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a marked increase in Cox-2 and NF-κB P65 in the PRP-treated group (P < 0.05). autologous CaCl2-activated PRP was able to overcome the bacterial infection, generating an inflammatory environment to overcome the old one and initiate tissue healing. Hence, PRP is a promising alternative therapeutic for UPEC cystitis instead of conventional antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I Abdelgalil
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Aya M Yassin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Marwa S Khattab
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Elshymaa A Abdelnaby
- Theriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Sherif A Marouf
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Haithem A Farghali
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim A Emam
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
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Influence of SGLT2 Inhibitor Treatment on Urine Antioxidant Status in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Pilot Study. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5593589. [PMID: 34336104 PMCID: PMC8294983 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5593589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have been recognized as potent antioxidant agents. Since SGLT2i are nephroprotective drugs, we aimed to examine the urine antioxidant status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). One hundred and one subjects participated in this study, including 37 T2DM patients treated with SGLT2i, 31 T2DM patients not using SGLT2i, and 33 healthy individuals serving as a control group. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), free thiol groups (R-SH, sulfhydryl groups), and catalase (CAT) activity, as well as glucose concentration, were assessed in the urine of all participants. Urine SOD and MnSOD activity were significantly higher among T2DM patients treated with SGLT2i than T2DM patients without SGLT2i treatment (p = 0.009 and p = 0.003, respectively) and to the healthy controls (p = 0.002 and p = 0.001, respectively). TAC was significantly lower in patients with T2DM treated with SGLT2i when compared to those not treated and healthy subjects (p = 0.036 and p = 0.019, respectively). It could be hypothesized that the mechanism by which SGLT2i provides nephroprotective effects involves improvement of the SOD antioxidant activity. However, lower TAC might impose higher OS (oxidative stress), and elevation of SOD activity might be a compensatory mechanism.
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Vaseghi G, Eshraghi A, Rahimzadeh N, Amiri H, Jahed M. Evaluation of Serum Level of Carnitine in Children with Acute Pyelonephritis (APN) Compared to Healthy Children. Rev Recent Clin Trials 2021; 16:212-215. [PMID: 33148156 DOI: 10.2174/1574887115666201104154227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM This cross-sectional case-control study evaluated the serum carnitine level in children with urinary tract infection (UTI). BACKGROUND Acute pyelonephritis (APN) is a common bacterial infection of the upper urinary tract in children which may also lead to renal damage and tubular atrophy. Activation of inflammatory mediator bedside alterations in the cytokines and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a striking role in the development of tissue damage after pyelonephritis. L-carnitine as one of the most potent natural antioxidant agents by inhibition of lipid peroxidation may protect cells and tissues from damage. METHODS A total of 30 children with UTI (as a case group) and 30 healthy children (as a control group) which matched in terms of age and sex were enrolled in this study. All children were evaluated and compared with respect to age, sex, weight, body mass index (BMI) and serum carnitine level. Serum carnitine level was determined using serum carnitine ELISA kit. RESULTS Demographic and clinical data such as age, sex, weight and BMI were not statistically significant between the two groups. The serum carnitine levels were significantly lower in the case group with UTI than the control group. Mean serum carnitine concentration in the case group and in the control group was 36.56 ± 9.87 μmol/l and 62.8±21.35, respectively (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION According to our study, it could be concluded that low serum L-carnitine level is linked to UTI in children. Therefore, further studies are needed to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golnaz Vaseghi
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Azadeh Eshraghi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Rahimzadeh
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Amiri
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Jahed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Gyurászová M, Kovalčíková A, Janšáková K, Šebeková K, Celec P, Tóthová Ľ. Markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant status in the plasma, urine and saliva of healthy mice. Physiol Res 2018; 67:921-934. [PMID: 30204460 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress markers are usually measured in plasma, a stable environment for biomarkers. Blood collection is invasive, but the use of alternative biofluids is limited, due to high variability. In this study, we aimed to establish reference values for oxidative stress markers in plasma, urine and saliva of adult, healthy mice and to identify some sources of variability. Samples were obtained from 41 female and 37 male adult, healthy mice of the CD-1 strain, aged 95-480 days, weighing 21-55 grams. Reference ranges of TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), AOPP (advanced oxidation protein products), fructosamine, GSH/GSSG (reduced and oxidized glutathione) ratio, TAC (total antioxidant capacity), and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) were measured in plasma and urine, and TBARS, GSH/GSSG ratio, TAC and FRAP in saliva, using standard spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods. Salivary GSH/GSSG and urinary AOPP were higher in females. Urinary fructosamine, GSH/GSSG and FRAP were higher in males. Urinary TAC and FRAP negatively correlated with age, and urinary GSH/GSSG positively correlated with weight. We determined that urine and saliva can be obtained non-invasively from mice, in sufficient amounts for reliable oxidative status assessment. Further studies are needed to uncover whether these biofluids reflect systemic oxidative status in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gyurászová
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Vieira GDLT, Lossie AC, Lay DC, Radcliffe JS, Garner JP. Preventing, treating, and predicting barbering: A fundamental role for biomarkers of oxidative stress in a mouse model of Trichotillomania. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175222. [PMID: 28426681 PMCID: PMC5398524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Barbering, where a “barber” mouse plucks hair from its cagemates or itself, is both a spontaneously occurring abnormal behavior in mice and a well validated model of Trichotillomania (TTM). N-Acetylcysteine, (NAC) a cysteine derived food additive, is remarkably effective in treating TTM patients, but its mechanism of action is unknown. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), also known as free radicals, form as a natural byproduct of the normal metabolism of oxygen. Under normal circumstances, cells are able to defend themselves against ROS damage with antioxidant pathways. NAC is the precursor to the main antioxidant produced to defend the brain. Therefore, we hypothesized that barbering is a disease of oxidative stress, whereby ROS and/or a failure of antioxidant defenses leads to neuronal damage that induces barbering in susceptible animals. We tested this hypothesis in 32 female C57BL/6J mice by treating half with 1g/kg BW/day of NAC in their diet, and testing for protection against developing barbering behavior and curing of barbering behavior, and simultaneously testing for a panel of biomarkers of oxidative stress. NAC reduced the chance that mice would be barbers, and this effect did not differ between healthy (i.e. prevention) and affected animals (i.e. cure). Barbering animals had elevated urinary antioxidant capacity, indicative of oxidative stress, at all timepoints. Additionally, after treatment the risk of barbering increased with decreasing hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels, and with increasing glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels, further indicating that barbering mice were under oxidative stress regardless of treatment with NAC. We did not find compelling evidence that urinary total antioxidant capacity, or urinary 8-OHdG, could predict response to NAC treatment. We conclude that NAC is effective in preventing and/or curing barbering at least in part by promoting GSH synthesis, thereby preventing oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana de L. T. Vieira
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Amy C. Lossie
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Donald C. Lay
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- Livestock Behavior Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - John S. Radcliffe
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Joseph P. Garner
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- (By Courtesy) Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Evaluating the Risk of Tumors Diseases Based on Measurement of Urinary and Serumal Antioxidants Using the New Agar Diffusion Methods. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:6578453. [PMID: 28458777 PMCID: PMC5387840 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6578453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Objectives. To discuss the characteristics of the amount of urinary total antioxidants in tumor diseases and the possibility of utilizing the changing regulation of urinary antioxidants to diagnose tumor diseases. Method. Urine and serum specimens from 130 healthy people were used to investigate the variation of antioxidant capacity against age. Urine and serum specimens from 44 unselected patients with tumors and 44 healthy people with same age background were used to explore the significance of urinary antioxidant capacity in clinic to diagnose tumor diseases. Potassium permanganate agar method and iodine starch method were used to determine the amount of total antioxidants. Results. In healthy people, more antioxidants in urine were measured in older people, while the results were opposite in serum. More antioxidants were found in urine of tumor patients than in healthy people with same age-range. Conclusions. According to the results of 130 measurements, the amount of antioxidants in urine varies by age. By using agar methods to measure antioxidants, the effect of age is required to be considered. Antioxidants levels from tumor patients were significantly higher than healthy individuals in urine. The combination of urine and serum to determine total antioxidants can better diagnose tumor diseases based on iodine starch method, with area under the receiver operating characteristics curve at 0.787.
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Establishment of a Method for Measuring Antioxidant Capacity in Urine, Based on Oxidation Reduction Potential and Redox Couple I 2/KI. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2016; 2016:7054049. [PMID: 28115919 PMCID: PMC5223073 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7054049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives. To establish a new method for determination of antioxidant capacity of human urine based on the redox couple I2/KI and to evaluate the redox status of healthy and diseased individuals. Methods. The method was based on the linear relationship between oxidation reduction potential (ORP) and logarithm of concentration ratio of I2/KI. ORP of a solution with a known concentration ratio of I2/KI will change when reacted with urine. To determine the accuracy of the method, both vitamin C and urine were reacted separately with I2/KI solution. The new method was compared with the traditional method of iodine titration and then used to measure the antioxidant capacity of urine samples from 30 diabetic patients and 30 healthy subjects. Results. A linear relationship was found between logarithm of concentration ratio of I2/KI and ORP (R2 = 0.998). Both vitamin C and urine concentration showed a linear relationship with ORP (R2 = 0.994 and 0.986, resp.). The precision of the method was in the acceptable range and results of two methods had a linear correlation (R2 = 0.987). Differences in ORP values between diabetic group and control group were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions. A new method for measuring the antioxidant capacity of clinical urine has been established.
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Manafikhi H, Drummen G, Palmery M, Peluso I. Total Antioxidant Capacity in beta-thalassemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 110:35-42. [PMID: 28109403 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), a biomarker measuring the antioxidant potential of body fluids, including redox synergistic interactions, is influenced by the presence of products of catabolism such as bilirubin (BR) and uric acid (UA). Hyperuricaemia and increased BR levels were observed in thalassemia. In order to evaluate the differences in TAC values between thalassemic patients and healthy subjects, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies. After the exclusion of data deemed unsuitable for meta-analysis inclusion and a study imputed of bias by Trim-and-fill analysis, mean difference (MD) and confidence intervals 95% (CI 95%) were calculated by the random effect model for beta-thalassemia major (BTM) (1351 subjects: 770 thalassemic and 581 controls, from 15 studies) and Trait (BTT) or Hemoglobin E (BTE) (475 subjects: 165 thalassemic and 310 controls, from 5 studies). Despite the differences in clinical symptoms and severity, similar decreased levels of TAC were found in BTM [MD -0.22 (-0.35 -0.09) p<0.001] and BTT or BTE [MD -0.22 (-0.44 -0.01) p<0.05]. In conclusion, UA and BR interference on TAC suggests that corrected TAC and in particular the UA-independent TAC, considering the prominent influence of UA, might be the better approach to evaluate body antioxidant status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husseen Manafikhi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Gregor Drummen
- Cellular Stress and Ageing Program, Hepato-Renal Pathobiology Program, BIO&NANO SOLUTIONS - LAB(3)BIO, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Maura Palmery
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Peluso
- Center of Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-NUT), Rome, Italy.
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Preanalytic of total antioxidant capacity assays performed in serum, plasma, urine and saliva. Clin Biochem 2016; 50:356-363. [PMID: 27919600 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2016.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of oxidative stress (OS), its mechanisms and connections with human diseases, is a topic of interest with more than 36,000 PubMed citations to date. The OS can be approached either from the perspective of pro-oxidation, either of anti-oxidation, and both can be investigated considering individual chemical constituents or their pooled effect. Actually, as it is for any laboratory assay, whatever source of variability introduces a bias potentially undermining the test results regardless of its application. In this regard, the effect of sample collection, handling and storage - that collectively constitute the preanalytical phase - on the likeliness of the measured value represent a major challenge for any researcher. In this review, we will deal with methods devised to assess the so-called total antioxidant capacity (TAC), which represents the sinking capability expressed toward a given load of pro-oxidant species. Thus, it will be presented the information available to date on the preanalytical phase of TAS assessment, focusing on the issues that strictly concern the preservation of antioxidants within the specimen. Obviously, preanalytic should represent a first concern in any laboratory research, to which this work could contribute giving practical indications and raising the researchers' awareness about the issue.
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Woudneh MB, Benskin JP, Grace R, Hamilton M, Magee BH, Hoeger GC, Forsberg ND, Cosgrove JR. Quantitative determination of hydroxy polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons as a biomarker of exposure to carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1454:93-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Salivary and Urinary Total Antioxidant Capacity as Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Humans. PATHOLOGY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:5480267. [PMID: 26966611 PMCID: PMC4761395 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5480267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) is a biomarker often used in order to investigate oxidative stress in many pathological conditions. Saliva and urine can be collected noninvasively and represent attractive diagnostic fluids for detecting biomarkers of various pathological conditions. The reviewed case-control and intervention studies that measured salivary or urinary TAC revealed that diseases, antioxidant foods, or supplements and age, gender, and lifestyle factors influenced salivary or urinary TAC. Salivary and urinary TAC were particularly affected by oral or renal status, respectively, as well as by infection; therefore these factors must be taken into account in both case-control and intervention studies. Furthermore, some considerations on sample collection and normalization strategies could be made. In particular, unstimulated saliva could be the better approach to measure salivary TAC, whereas 24 h or spontaneous urine collection should be chosen on the basis of the study outcome and of the creatinine clearance. Finally, the uric acid-independent TAC could be the better approach to evaluate red-ox status of body, in particular after nutritional interventions and in diseases associated with hyperuricaemia.
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El-Deeb WM, Buczinski S. The diagnostic and prognostic importance of oxidative stress biomarkers and acute phase proteins in Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in camels. PeerJ 2015; 3:e1363. [PMID: 26587339 PMCID: PMC4647549 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic importance of oxidative stress biomarkers and acute phase proteins in urinary tract infection (UTI) in camels. We describe the clinical, bacteriological and biochemical findings in 89 camels. Blood and urine samples from diseased (n = 74) and control camels (n = 15) were submitted to laboratory investigations. The urine analysis revealed high number of RBCS and pus cells. The concentrations of serum and erythrocytic malondialdehyde (sMDA & eMDA), Haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA), Ceruloplasmin (Cp), fibrinogen (Fb), albumin, globulin and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were higher in diseased camels when compared to healthy ones. Catalase, super oxide dismutase and glutathione levels were lower in diseased camels when compared with control group. Forty one of 74 camels with UTI were successfully treated. The levels of malondialdehyde, catalase, super oxide dismutase, glutathione, Hp, SAA, Fb, total protein, globulin and IL-6 were associated with the odds of treatment failure. The MDA showed a great sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) in predicting treatment failure (Se 85%/Sp 100%) as well as the SAA (Se 92%/Sp 87%) and globulin levels (Se 85%/Sp 100%) when using the cutoffs that maximizes the sum of Se + Sp. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that two models had a high accuracy to predict failure with the first model including sex, sMDA and Hp as covariates (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 0.92) and a second model using sex, SAA and Hp (AUC = 0.89). Conclusively, the oxidative stress biomarkers and acute phase proteins could be used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in camel UTI management. Efforts should be forced to investigate such biomarkers in other species with UTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael M El-Deeb
- Department of Clinical Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, King Faisal University , Al-Ahsa , Saudi Arabia ; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Sébastien Buczinski
- Département des Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal , Saint-Hyacinthe , Canada
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Chien JW, Wang LY, Cheng YS, Tsai YG, Liu CS. Urinary 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) level can predict acute renal damage in young children with urinary tract infection. Biomarkers 2014; 19:326-31. [DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2014.910552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Beta-Glucan-Rich Extract from Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) Singer Prevents Obesity and Oxidative Stress in C57BL/6J Mice Fed on a High-Fat Diet. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:185259. [PMID: 23737819 PMCID: PMC3662117 DOI: 10.1155/2013/185259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Mushrooms have been used in folk medicine for thousands of years. In this study, the effect of β-glucan-rich extract of P. sajor-caju (GE) on lipid lowering and antioxidant potential was assessed in C57BL/6J mice fed on a high-fat diet. Obesity was induced in C57BL/6J mice by feeding a high-fat diet. The control groups in this study were ND (for normal diet) and HFD (for high-fat diet). The treated groups were ND240 (for normal diet) (240 mg/kg b.w) and HFD60, HFD120, and HFD240 (for high-fat diet), where the mice were administrated with three dosages of GE (60, 120, and 240 mg GE/kg b.w). Metformin (2 mg/kg b.w) served as positive control. GE-treated groups showed significantly reduced body weight, serum lipid, and liver enzymes levels. GE also attenuated protein carbonyl and lipid hydroperoxide levels by increasing the enzymic antioxidants (SOD, CAT, and GPx) activities in the mice. GE-treated groups induced the expression of hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) while downregulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), sterol regulatory binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL). Hence, GE prevented weight gain in the mice by inducing lipolysis and may be valuable in the formulation of adjuvant therapy for obesity.
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Oxidative stress caused by increased production of free radicals and impaired functions of antioxidants remains as the major factor associated with the pathophysiology of many neuropsychiatric diseases. OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study was to analyze the oxidative stress markers in urine sample since the collection of blood from these children is highly meticulous and also to evaluate whether these urinary markers can be correlated with the severity of autism. METHODS The subjects of the study were 45 autistic children with different grades of severity (low functioning autism (LFA), medium functioning autism (MFA), and high functioning autism (HFA) according to Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), n=15 children in each group and 50 healthy children (age and sex matched). The boys and girls ratio involved in this study was 4:1, and they were of age 4-12 years. We determined the urinary levels of oxidative stress markers like thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances, lipid hydroperoxides, 4-hydroxy nonenal, protein carbonyls, sulfhydryl groups, total antioxidant capacity, total peroxide content, oxidative stress index, and also UA/Cr ratio in autistic children. RESULTS The study observed a significant elevation in the level of oxidative stress markers in autistic children when compared with normal children. The level of antioxidants excreted in urine was found to be significantly low in autistic children. These findings when correlated with the degrees of severity, oxidative stress markers showed positive correlation with increasing order of severity (LFA>MFA>HFA), whereas antioxidants showed negative correlation. DISCUSSION The study reveals that the urinary levels of oxidative stress markers can be considered as the measure of oxidative stress index in autistic children. The significant correlation between the severity of autism with urinary lipid peroxidation products also support the use of oxidative stress markers and antioxidants as biomarkers of autism.
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Ribeiro JPN, Magalhães LM, Reis S, Lima JLFC, Segundo MA. High-throughput total cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity of biological samples determined using flow injection analysis and microplate-based methods. ANAL SCI 2011; 27:483. [PMID: 21558653 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.27.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) methods were developed for assessment of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in urine and serum, based on reduction of Cu(II)-neocuproine complex to highly colored Cu(I)-neocuproine complex, measured spectrophotometrically at 450 nm. The reaction time was significantly reduced from 30 to 4 min by application of a calibration compound (uric acid) with kinetic behavior similar to that shown by urine samples. The method was implemented in a microformat (96 well plates) and also in an automatic fashion (flow injection analysis, FIA). A determination throughput value of 288 h(-1) (microplate method) or of 15 h(-1) (automatic FIA) was attained. Application of both methods to human serum (SRM 909b, level I) and urines (n = 9) provided TAC values in agreement with those of the end-point batch method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana P N Ribeiro
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
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Hsu CF, Peng H, Basle C, Travas-Sejdic J, Kilmartin PA. ABTS•+ scavenging activity of polypyrrole, polyaniline and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene). POLYM INT 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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18
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SOS regulatory elements are essential for UPEC pathogenesis. Microbes Infect 2010; 12:662-8. [PMID: 20435157 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2010.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Revised: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial cells are highly regarded as the first line of defense against microorganisms, but the mechanisms used to control bacterial diseases are poorly understood. A component of the DNA damage repair regulon, SulA, is essential for UPEC virulence in a mouse model for human urinary tract infection, suggesting that DNA damage is a key mediator in the primary control of pathogens within the epithelium. In this study, we examine the role of DNA damage repair regulators in the intracellular lifestyle of UPEC within superficial bladder epithelial cells. LexA and RecA coordinate various operons for repair of DNA damage due to exogenous and endogenous agents and are known regulators of sulA. UPEC strains defective in regulation of the SOS response mediated by RecA and LexA display attenuated virulence in immunocompetent mice within the first 6 h post infection. RecA and LexA regulation of the SOS regulon is dispensable in immunocompromised mice. These data suggest that epithelial cells produce sufficient levels of DNA damaging agents, such that the bacterial DNA damage repair response is essential, as a means to control invading bacteria. Since many pathogens interact with the epithelium before exposure to professional phagocytes, it is likely that adaptation to oxidative radicals during intracellular growth provides additional protection from killing by innate immune phagocytes.
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Beneficial effects of a Q-ter based nutritional mixture on functional performance, mitochondrial function, and oxidative stress in rats. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10572. [PMID: 20485503 PMCID: PMC2868025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are central mechanisms underlying the aging process and the pathogenesis of many age-related diseases. Selected antioxidants and specific combinations of nutritional compounds could target many biochemical pathways that affect both oxidative stress and mitochondrial function and, thereby, preserve or enhance physical performance. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we evaluated the potential anti-aging benefits of a Q-ter based nutritional mixture (commercially known as Eufortyn) mainly containing the following compounds: terclatrated coenzyme Q(10) (Q-ter), creatine and a standardized ginseng extract. We found that Eufortyn supplementation significantly ameliorated the age-associated decreases in grip strength and gastrocnemius subsarcolemmal mitochondria Ca(2+) retention capacity when initiated in male Fischer344 x Brown Norway rats at 21 months, but not 29 months, of age. Moreover, the increases in muscle RNA oxidation and subsarcolemmal mitochondrial protein carbonyl levels, as well as the decline of total urine antioxidant power, which develop late in life, were mitigated by Eufortyn supplementation in rats at 29 months of age. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These data imply that Eufortyn is efficacious in reducing oxidative damage, improving the age-related mitochondrial functional decline, and preserving physical performance when initiated in animals at early midlife (21 months). The efficacy varied, however, according to the age at which the supplementation was provided, as initiation in late middle age (29 months) was incapable of restoring grip strength and mitochondrial function. Therefore, the Eufortyn supplementation may be particularly beneficial when initiated prior to major biological and functional declines that appear to occur with advancing age.
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Vidyashankar S, Maheshkumar P, Patki PS. Cystone - An ayurvedic polyherbal formulation inhibits adherence of uropathogenic E. coli and modulates H2O2-induced toxicity in NRK-52E cells. J Exp Pharmacol 2010; 2:19-27. [PMID: 27186087 PMCID: PMC4863282 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s9172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gentamicin is a widely used antibiotic for the treatment of adverse urinary tract infections (UTI), which in turn causes nephrotoxicity to uroepithelial cells and hence an alternative safe herbal remedy is much desired to compensate these toxic effects. The bacterial adhesion to the uroepithelial cells is the primary step in UTI and it induces various immunogenic reactions leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are detrimental to the cells survival. Inhibition of bacterial adherence to urinary tract epithelial cells has been assumed to account for the beneficial action ascribed to cystone (an ayurvedic polyherbal formulation) in the prevention of UTI. In this study, we have examined the effect of cystone on the adherence of pathogenic [2-14C]-acetate labeled Escherichia coli (MTCC-729) to rat proximal renal tubular cells (NRK-52E cells). Further, the antioxidant property of cystone was studied using hydrogen peroxide (400 μM) as a pro-oxidant in NRK-52E cells. The results showed that cystone inhibited the adherence of E. coli to NRK-52E cells significantly. Additionally cystone effectively combats the toxicity induced by H2O2 in NRK-52E cells. The cytoprotective effect of cystone is brought about by inhibiting lipid peroxidation by 36% in cells treated with cystone compared to H2O2-treated cells without cystone. The antioxidant enzymes catalase, glutathione were increased by 53% and 68% respectively and superoxide dismutase activity was increased 3-fold. The glutathione content was significantly increased by 2.4-fold in NRK-52E cells treated with cystone compared to H2O2 control group. These results suggest that cystone effectively inhibits bacterial adherence to NRK-52E cells and attenuates H2O2-induced toxicity in NRK-52E cells by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and increasing the antioxidant defense mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyakumar Vidyashankar
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Research and Development, The Himalaya Drug Company, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Pralhad S Patki
- Medical Services and Clinical Trials, Research and Development, The Himalaya Drug Company, Bangalore, India
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Numerous studies have revealed the presence of oxidative stress in parasitic infections. However, such studies were lacking in the Malaysian population. Previously, we have provided evidence that oxidative stress is elevated in Malaysians infected with intestinal parasites. Stool examinations revealed that about 47.5% of them were infected with the polymorphic protozoa, Blastocystis hominis. However, they were found to have mixed infection with other intestinal parasites. METHODOLOGY Therefore, in order to investigate the role of B. hominis alone in affecting oxidative stress status, here we compared the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers in urine and blood samples between uninfected and B. hominis-infected rats. RESULTS Infected rats exhibited elevated levels of oxidative indices namely advanced oxidative protein products (AOPP), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipid hydroperoxide (LHP) indicating that their overall oxidative damage level was higher. Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) was elevated at the initial stage of infection but decreased significantly during the last week of study duration suggesting that the antioxidant status of the host may be overwhelmed by oxidative damage. CONCLUSION To date, this is the first comprehensive in vivo study to provide evidence for Blastocystis infection to correlate with significant oxidative burst leading to oxidative stress.
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Lü JM, Lin PH, Yao Q, Chen C. Chemical and molecular mechanisms of antioxidants: experimental approaches and model systems. J Cell Mol Med 2009; 14:840-60. [PMID: 19754673 PMCID: PMC2927345 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00897.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 648] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Free radicals derived from oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur molecules in the biological system are highly active to react with other molecules due to their unpaired electrons. These radicals are important part of groups of molecules called reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), which are produced during cellular metabolism and functional activities and have important roles in cell signalling, apoptosis, gene expression and ion transportation. However, excessive ROS attack bases in nucleic acids, amino acid side chains in proteins and double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids, and cause oxidative stress, which can damage DNA, RNA, proteins and lipids resulting in an increased risk for cardiovascular disease, cancer, autism and other diseases. Intracellular antioxidant enzymes and intake of dietary antioxidants may help to maintain an adequate antioxidant status in the body. In the past decades, new molecular techniques, cell cultures and animal models have been established to study the effects and mechanisms of antioxidants on ROS. The chemical and molecular approaches have been used to study the mechanism and kinetics of antioxidants and to identify new potent antioxidants. Antioxidants can decrease the oxidative damage directly via reacting with free radicals or indirectly by inhibiting the activity or expression of free radical generating enzymes or enhancing the activity or expression of intracellular antioxidant enzymes. The new chemical and cell-free biological system has been applied in dissecting the molecular action of antioxidants. This review focuses on the research approaches that have been used to study oxidative stress and antioxidants in lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, protein modification as well as enzyme activity, with emphasis on the chemical and cell-free biological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ming Lü
- Molecular Surgeon Research Center, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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A fluorometric assay to determine antioxidant activity of both hydrophilic and lipophilic components in plant foods. J Nutr Biochem 2009; 20:219-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2008.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2007] [Revised: 02/07/2008] [Accepted: 02/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Elevated levels of urinary hydrogen peroxide, advanced oxidative protein product (AOPP) and malondialdehyde in humans infected with intestinal parasites. Parasitology 2009; 136:359-63. [PMID: 19154644 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182008005465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated as an important pathogenic factor in the pathophysiology of various life-threatening diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. It occurs when the production of free radicals (generated during aerobic metabolism, inflammation, and infections) overcome the antioxidant defences in the body. Although previous studies have implied that oxidative stress is present in serum of patients with parasitic infection there have been no studies confirming oxidative stress levels in the Malaysian population infected with intestinal parasites. Three biochemical assays namely hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), lipid peroxidation (LP) and advanced oxidative protein product (AOPP) assays were carried out to measure oxidative stress levels in the urine of human subjects whose stools were infected with parasites such as Blastocystis hominis, Ascaris, Trichuris, hookworm and microsporidia. The levels of H2O2, AOPP and LP were significantly higher (P<0.001, P<0.05 and P<0.05 respectively) in the parasite-infected subjects (n=75) compared to the controls (n=95). In conclusion, the study provides evidence that oxidative stress is elevated in humans infected by intestinal parasites. This study may influence future researchers to consider free radical-related pathways to be a target in the interventions of new drugs against parasitic infection and related diseases.
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Lindenmeier M, Burkon A, Somoza V. A novel method to measure both the reductive and the radical scavenging activity in a linoleic acid model system. Mol Nutr Food Res 2007; 51:1441-6. [PMID: 17680718 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200700210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a combined method for measuring the total antioxidant activity, the reductive and the radical scavenging activity. Linoleic acid was used as the substrate for an iron-initiated lipid peroxidation to measure the total antioxidant activity. In addition, methyl esters of linoleic acid hydroperoxides were used as substrates to measure the reductive antioxidant activity. The radical scavenging antioxidant activity was calculated by subtracting the reductive antioxidative activity from the total antioxidative activity. As representative examples, the antioxidants alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, trans-resveratrol and L-glutathione as well as commonly used food additives such as 2(3)-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA) and 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol (BHT) were analyzed. The results for the novel antioxidation test showed that alpha-tocopherol, BHA and BHT are primarily acting as radical scavengers, whereas ascorbic acid and L-glutathione show a strong reductive capacity. As linoleic acid as well as its hydroperoxides both are present in foods and in the organism, the test presented here can be considered representative of radical reactions occurring in food matrixes and in vivo. Further experiments are required to document the comprehensive applicability in foods and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lindenmeier
- German Research Centre for Food Chemistry, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, Garching, Germany.
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26
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Jacob K, Periago MJ, Böhm V, Berruezo GR. Influence of lycopene and vitamin C from tomato juice on biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation. Br J Nutr 2007; 99:137-46. [PMID: 17640421 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114507791894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A human study was carried out to investigate whether tomato juice, rich in natural lycopene and fortified with vitamin C, is able to reduce several biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation and whether the effect can be attributed to lycopene, vitamin C or any other micronutrient. Following a 2-week depletion phase, volunteers were assigned randomly to ingest either tomato juice with (LC) or without (L) vitamin C fortification for 2 weeks (daily dose 20·6 mg lycopene and 45·5/435 mg vitamin C). Plasma and urine were analysed for carotenoids and vitamin C, lipid status, antioxidant capacity, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and 8-epi-PGF2α, protein carbonyls, cytokines IL-1β and TNFα and C-reactive protein (CRP). The consumption of tomato juice led to a reduction in total cholesterol levels (L: 157·6v. 153·2 mg/dl,P = 0·008; LC: 153·4v. 147·4 mg/dl,P = 0·002) and that of CRP (L: 315·6v. 262·3 μg/l,P = 0·017; LC: 319·2v. 247·1 μg/l,P = 0·001) in both groups. The vitamin C-fortified juice slightly raised the antioxidant capacity in urine and decreased TBARS in plasma and urine. All other markers were affected to a lesser extent or remained unchanged. Cholesterol reduction was correlated with lycopene uptake (P = 0·003), whereas the other effects could not be related with particular micronutrients. Any beneficial effects of tomato consumption for human health cannot be attributed only to lycopene and, as the additional supplementation with ascorbic acid indicates, a variety of antioxidants might be needed to optimize protection against chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Jacob
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Murcia, 30071, Murcia, Spain
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Kurutas EB, Ciragil P, Gul M, Kilinc M. The effects of oxidative stress in urinary tract infection. Mediators Inflamm 2006; 2005:242-4. [PMID: 16192676 PMCID: PMC1526480 DOI: 10.1155/mi.2005.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine the effects of oxidative
stress in urinary tract infection (UTI). One hundred
sixty-four urine samples obtained from patients with the
prediagnosis of acute UTI admitted to the Faculty of
Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, were included in
this study. Urine cultures were performed according to standard
techniques. Urinary isolates were identified by using API ID 32E.
The catalase and superoxide dismutase activity and the lipid
peroxidation levels known as oxidative stress markers were
measured in all urine samples. Thirty-six pathogen microorganisms
were identified in positive urine cultures. These microorganisms
were as follows: 23 (63.8%) E coli, 5 (13.8%) P mirabilis, 4 (11.1%) K pneumoniae, 2 (5.5%)
Candida spp, 1 (2.7%) S saprophyticus, and 1
(2.7%) P aeruginosa. It was observed that lipid
peroxidation levels were increased while catalase and superoxide
dismutase activities were decreased in positive urine cultures,
compared to negative cultures. We conclude that urinary tract
infection causes oxidative stress, increases lipid peroxidation
level, and leads to insufficiency of antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ergul Belge Kurutas
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Iman University, Turkey.
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Gul M, Kurutas E, Ciragil P, Cetinkaya A, Kilinc M, Aral M, Buyukbese MA. Urinary tract infection aggravates oxidative stress in diabetic patients. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2005; 206:1-6. [PMID: 15802869 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.206.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of urinary tract infection on oxidative stress in diabetic patients, we measured the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase and superoxide dismutase, and lipid peroxidation levels in urine specimens of type II diabetic patents with urinary tract infection. A total of 69 patients were included into this study: 23 non-diabetic patients with urinary tract infection, 28 patients with diabetes mellitus, and 18 diabetic patients with urinary tract infection. Twenty-five healthy subjects, matched for age, sex, body mass index and smoking status were also included as control. Urine cultures were performed by the standard techniques, and all grown bacteria were identified as Escherichia coli. Antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation levels in urine were measured by spectrophotometric method. In urine samples of diabetic patients with or without urinary tract infection and in urine samples of non-diabetic patients with urinary tract infection, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were lower and lipid peroxidation levels were higher than those of the healthy subjects (p < 0.05). Diabetic patients without urinary tract infection were similar to non-diabetic patients with urinary tract infection. Decreased antioxidant capacity and the increased levels of lipid peroxidation were profoundly higher in diabetic patients with urinary tract infection. These results indicate that urinary tract infection aggravates the oxidative stress in diabetic patients. Therefore we believe that diabetic patients with urinary tract infection need antioxidant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Gul
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras, Turkey.
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Chatterjee S, Poduval TB, Tilak JC, Devasagayam TPA. A modified, economic, sensitive method for measuring total antioxidant capacities of human plasma and natural compounds using Indian saffron (Crocus sativus). Clin Chim Acta 2005; 352:155-63. [PMID: 15653110 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccn.2004.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2004] [Revised: 09/14/2004] [Accepted: 09/15/2004] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Free radicals are involved in various human diseases that can possibly be prevented by antioxidants. There are many but rather expensive methods to determine total antioxidant capacity of human plasma (for endogenous antioxidant levels) or plant extracts/natural compounds (for antioxidant potential in terms of radical inhibiting or scavenging properties). We describe a simple, fast and economical 'crocin assay' using the Indian spice saffron. METHODS In crocin assay, the extent of bleaching of crocin, a carotenoid from saffron, by peroxyl radicals generated by thermal decomposition of azo-initiator was measured. We examined its applicability to clinical samples and plant extracts. RESULTS The cost of Indian saffron is almost 38 times less per unit dry weight compared to the 'Sigma' saffron. Yet, it gives 26 times better yield of crocin than that from 'Sigma' saffron. It was also shown that Indian saffron is rich in crocin. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) values of human plasma from normal, healthy individuals, using Sigma as well as Indian crocin, expressed in terms of 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox) equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), were comparable. We have also demonstrated that crocin assay can be used for clinical samples such as plasmas from healthy and diabetic individuals. The antioxidant potentials, TEAC, of plant extracts and pure natural compounds by Indian and Sigma crocin assays were similar. Addition of uric acid to plasma induced a concentration-dependent response. The assay was compared to standard radical scavenging 1,1'-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and was found to match well, showing better sensitivity and hence validates this assay for natural compounds and clinical samples. CONCLUSIONS Development of crocin assay using the Indian saffron is economical and sensitive method for measurement of total antioxidant capacities from human plasma as well as natural compounds and plant extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Chatterjee
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai-400 085, India
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Chen HJC, Wu CF, Hong CL, Chang CM. Urinary excretion of 3,N4-etheno-2'-deoxycytidine in humans as a biomarker of oxidative stress: association with cigarette smoking. Chem Res Toxicol 2004; 17:896-903. [PMID: 15257614 DOI: 10.1021/tx0342013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Smokers are known to have elevated levels of lipid peroxidation, a form of oxidative stress. Etheno DNA adduct formation can originate from endogenous lipid peroxidation or from exogenous exposure of carcinogens. Using a modified stable isotope dilution GC/negative ion chemical ionization/MS assay originally developed for urinary 3,N(4)-ethenocytosine (epsilonCyt), the nucleoside 3,N(4)-etheno-2'-deoxycytidine (epsilondCyd) was detected for the first time in human urine. The presence of epsilondCyd in human urine was confirmed by LC/electrospray ionization/tandem MS. Concentrations of epsilondCyd in the 24 h urine samples from healthy individuals not occupationally exposed to industrial chemicals were in the range between 0 and 0.80 nM. A statistically significant correlation was established between cigarette smoking and urinary excretion of epsilondCyd after being adjusted for creatinine (p = 0.004). Furthermore, the urinary total antioxidant capacity was found to correlate inversely with the epsilondCyd levels (r = -0.50, p = 0.02). The results indicate that urinary epsilondCyd may provide a valuable noninvasive biomarker for oxidative DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hauh-Jyun Candy Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 160 San-Hsing, Ming-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 62142, Taiwan.
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Erel O. A novel automated direct measurement method for total antioxidant capacity using a new generation, more stable ABTS radical cation. Clin Biochem 2004; 37:277-85. [PMID: 15003729 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2003.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1718] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2003] [Revised: 11/27/2003] [Accepted: 11/28/2003] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop a novel colorimetric and automated direct measurement method for total antioxidant capacity (TAC). DESIGN AND METHODS A new generation, more stable, colored 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical cation (ABTS(*+)) was employed. The ABTS(*+) is decolorized by antioxidants according to their concentrations and antioxidant capacities. This change in color is measured as a change in absorbance at 660 nm. This process is applied to an automated analyzer and the assay is calibrated with Trolox. RESULTS The novel assay is linear up to 6 mmol Trolox equivalent/l, its precision values are lower than 3%, and there is no interference from hemoglobin, bilirubin, EDTA, or citrate. The method developed is significantly correlated with the Randox- total antioxidant status (TAS) assay (r = 0.897, P < 0.0001; n = 91) and with the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assay (r = 0.863, P < 0.0001; n = 110). Serum TAC level was lower in patients with major depression (1.69 +/- 0.11 mmol Trolox equivalent/l) than in healthy subjects (1.75 +/- 0.08 mmol Trolox equivalent/l, P = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS This easy, stable, reliable, sensitive, inexpensive, and fully automated method described can be used to measure total antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozcan Erel
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Medical Faculty, Research Hospital, Harran University, Sanliurfa TR63200, Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Bartosz
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, University of Lódź, Lódź, Poland
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33
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Chen J, Lindmark-Månsson H, Gorton L, Åkesson B. Antioxidant capacity of bovine milk as assayed by spectrophotometric and amperometric methods. Int Dairy J 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0958-6946(03)00139-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ou B, Huang D, Hampsch-Woodill M, Flanagan JA, Deemer EK. Analysis of antioxidant activities of common vegetables employing oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays: a comparative study. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2002; 50:3122-8. [PMID: 12009973 DOI: 10.1021/jf0116606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 707] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A total of 927 freeze-dried vegetable samples, including 111 white cabbages, 59 carrots, 51 snap beans, 57 cauliflower, 33 white onions, 48 purple onions, 130 broccoli, 169 tomatoes, 25 beets, 88 peas, 88 spinach, 18 red peppers, and 50 green peppers, were analyzed using the oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant capacity (FRAP) methods. The data show that the ORAC and FRAP values of vegetable are not only dependent on species, but also highly dependent on geographical origin and harvest time. The two antioxidant assay methods, ORAC and FRAP, also give different antioxidant activity trends. The discrepancy is extensively discussed based on the chemistry principles upon which these methods are built, and it is concluded that the ORAC method is chemically more relevant to chain-breaking antioxidants activity, while the FRAP has some drawbacks such as interference, reaction kinetics, and quantitation methods. On the basis of the ORAC results, green pepper, spinach, purple onion, broccoli, beet, and cauliflower are the leading sources of antioxidant activities against the peroxyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boxin Ou
- Brunswick Laboratories, 6 Thacher Lane, Wareham, Massachusetts 02571, USA.
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