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Khodadadian A, Hosseini K, Manzour-Ol-Ajdad A, Hedayati M, Kalantarinejad R, Heitzinger C. Optimal design of nanowire field-effect troponin sensors. Comput Biol Med 2017; 87:46-56. [PMID: 28550739 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We propose a design strategy for affinity-based biosensors using nanowires for sensing and measuring biomarker concentration in biological samples. Such sensors have been shown to have superior properties compared to conventional biosensors in terms of LOD (limit of detection), response time, cost, and size. However, there are several parameters affecting the performance of such devices that must be determined. In order to solve the design problem, we have developed a comprehensive model based on stochastic transport equations that makes it possible to optimize the sensing behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirreza Khodadadian
- Institute for Analysis and Scientific Computing, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Kiarash Hosseini
- Shezan Research and Innovation Centre, No. 25, Innovation 2 St., Pardis TechPark, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Manzour-Ol-Ajdad
- Shezan Research and Innovation Centre, No. 25, Innovation 2 St., Pardis TechPark, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Hedayati
- Shezan Research and Innovation Centre, No. 25, Innovation 2 St., Pardis TechPark, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Kalantarinejad
- Shezan Research and Innovation Centre, No. 25, Innovation 2 St., Pardis TechPark, Tehran, Iran
| | - Clemens Heitzinger
- Institute for Analysis and Scientific Computing, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria; School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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Rama EC, Costa-García A. Screen-printed Electrochemical Immunosensors for the Detection of Cancer and Cardiovascular Biomarkers. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Costa Rama
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química; Universidad de Oviedo; 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Agustín Costa-García
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química; Universidad de Oviedo; 33006 Oviedo Spain
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Rezaei B, Ghani M, Shoushtari AM, Rabiee M. Electrochemical biosensors based on nanofibres for cardiac biomarker detection: A comprehensive review. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 78:513-523. [PMID: 26657595 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The vital importance of early and accurate diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) to prevent the irreversible damage or even death of patients has driven the development of biosensor devices for detection and quantification of cardiac biomarkers. Electrochemical biosensors offer rapid sensing, low cost, portability and ease of use. Over the past few years, nanotechnology has contributed to a tremendous improvement in the sensitivity of biosensors. In this review, the authors summarise the state-of-the-art of the application of one particular type of nanostructured material, i.e. nanofibres, for use in electrochemical biosensors for the ultrasensitive detection of cardiac biomarkers. A new way of classifying the nanofibre-based electrochemical biosensors according to the electrical conductance and the type of nanofibres is presented. Some key data from each article reviewed are highlighted, including the mechanism of detection, experimental conditions and the response range of the biosensor. The primary aim of this review is to emphasise the prospects for nanofibres for the future development of biosensors in diagnosis of CVDs as well as considering how to improve their characteristics for application in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Rezaei
- Nanotechnology Institute, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 15875-4413, Iran; Department of Textile Engineering, AmirKabir University of Technology, Tehran 15875-4413, Iran
| | - Mozhdeh Ghani
- Nanotechnology Institute, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 15875-4413, Iran; Department of Textile Engineering, AmirKabir University of Technology, Tehran 15875-4413, Iran
| | - Ahmad Mousavi Shoushtari
- Nanotechnology Institute, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 15875-4413, Iran; Department of Textile Engineering, AmirKabir University of Technology, Tehran 15875-4413, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Rabiee
- Biomaterials Group, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
Accurate and rapid diagnostic tests can help identify high-risk patients with ACS among those presenting to the emergency department with chest pain. Such tests can also differentiate low-risk patients with chest pain who are suitable for early emergency department discharge. In this article, Drs Amsterdam and Deedwania elucidate the varieties of ACS, their pathophysiology, and the methods used for diagnosis. The authors also explore the potential of point-of-care testing for cardiac injury markers in the timely and accurate identification of ACS.
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Aldous S, Mark Richards A, George PM, Cullen L, Parsonage WA, Flaws D, Florkowski CM, Troughton RW, O'Sullivan JW, Reid CM, Bannister L, Than M. Comparison of new point-of-care troponin assay with high sensitivity troponin in diagnosing myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 2014; 177:182-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Aldous SJ. Cardiac biomarkers in acute myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 2012; 164:282-94. [PMID: 22341694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.01.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Each year, a large number of patients are seen in the Emergency Department with presentations necessitating investigation for possible acute myocardial infarction. Patients can be stratified by symptoms, risk factors and electrocardiogram results but cardiac biomarkers also have a prime role both diagnostically and prognostically. This review summarizes both the history of cardiac biomarkers as well as currently available (established and novel) assays. Cardiac troponin, our current "gold standard" biomarker criterion for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction has high sensitivity and specificity for this diagnosis and therapies instituted in patients with elevated troponin have been shown to influence outcomes. Other markers of myocardial necrosis, inflammation and neurohormonal activity have also been shown to have either diagnostic or prognostic utility, but none have been shown to be superior to troponin. The measurement of multiple biomarkers and the use of point of care markers may accelerate current diagnostic protocols for the assessment of such patients.
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Garay F, Kisiel G, Fang A, Lindner E. Surface plasmon resonance aided electrochemical immunosensor for CK-MB determination in undiluted serum samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 397:1873-81. [PMID: 20449577 PMCID: PMC2930610 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3736-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Revised: 04/02/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This article presents a simple chronoamperometric immunosensor for the quantitative assessment of creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) in 50 microL undiluted serum samples. The immunosensor consists of gold working and counter electrodes patterned onto a glass chip by thin-film photolithography and an external Ag|AgCl reference electrode. The detection limit (DL) of the chronoamperometric method is 13 ng mL(-1) (DL = 2xRMSD/S, where RMSD is the residual mean standard deviation of the measured points around a calibration curve with a slope of S). In spiked serum samples, the response was linear up to 300 ng mL(-1) of CK-MB. A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) system with simultaneous electrochemical detection (EC-SPR) aided the development of the sandwich immunoassay. Real-time monitoring of the SPR signal was used to optimize the capture antibody immobilization, CK-MB and detection antibody binding, as well as to minimize the nonspecific adsorption of serum proteins to the sensor surface. The detection antibody has been labeled with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme for sensitive electrochemical detection. ALP catalyzes the hydrolysis of ascorbic acid phosphate and generates ascorbic acid, which is measured chronoamperometrically. The electrochemical immunoassay for CK-MB was less sensitive to nonspecific adsorption related interferences, had a better detection limit, and required a lower volume of sample than the SPR method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Garay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis, Herff College of Engineering, 330 Engineering Technology Building, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Greggory Kisiel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis, Herff College of Engineering, 330 Engineering Technology Building, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Aiping Fang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis, Herff College of Engineering, 330 Engineering Technology Building, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Ernő Lindner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis, Herff College of Engineering, 330 Engineering Technology Building, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
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Darain F, Yager P, Gan KL, Tjin SC. On-chip detection of myoglobin based on fluorescence. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 24:1744-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2008.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2008] [Revised: 08/12/2008] [Accepted: 09/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Storrow AB, Zhou C, Gaddis G, Han JH, Miller K, Klubert D, Laidig A, Aronsky D. Decreasing lab turnaround time improves emergency department throughput and decreases emergency medical services diversion: a simulation model. Acad Emerg Med 2008; 15:1130-5. [PMID: 18638034 DOI: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2008.00181.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of decreasing lab turnaround times on emergency department (ED) efficiency can be estimated through system-level simulation models and help identify important outcome measures to study prospectively. Furthermore, such models may suggest the advantage of bedside or point-of-care testing and how they might affect efficiency measures. OBJECTIVES The authors used a sophisticated simulation model in place at an adult urban ED with an annual census of 55,000 patient visits. The effect of decreasing turnaround times on emergency medical services (EMS) diversion, ED patient throughput, and total ED length of stay (LOS) was determined. METHODS Data were generated by using system dynamics analytic modeling and simulation approach on 90 separate days from December 2, 2007, through February 29, 2008. The model was a continuous simulation of ED flow, driven by real-time actual patient data, and had intrinsic error checking to assume reasonable goodness-of-fit. A return of complete laboratory results incrementally at 120, 100, 80, 60, 40, 20, and 10 minutes was compared. Diversion calculation assumed EMS closure when more than 10 patients were in the waiting room and 100% ED bed occupancy had been reached for longer than 30 minutes, as per local practice. LOS was generated from data insertion into the patient flow stream and calculation of time to specific predefined gates. The average accuracy of four separate measurement channels (waiting room volume, ED census, inpatient admit stream, and ED discharge stream), all across 24 hours, was measured by comparing the area under the simulated curve against the area under the measured curve. Each channel's accuracy was summed and averaged for an overall accuracy rating. RESULTS As lab turnaround time decreased from 120 to 10 minutes, the total number of diversion days (maximum 57 at 120 minutes, minimum 29 at 10 minutes), average diversion hours per day (10.8 hours vs. 6.0 hours), percentage of days with diversion (63% vs. 32%), and average ED LOS (2.77 hours vs. 2.17 hours) incrementally decreased, while average daily throughput (104 patients vs. 120 patients) increased. All runs were at least 85% accurate. CONCLUSIONS This simulation model suggests compelling improvement in ED efficiency with decreasing lab turnaround time. Outcomes such as time on EMS diversion, ED LOS, and ED throughput represent important but understudied areas that should be evaluated prospectively. EDs should consider processes that will improve turnaround time, such as point-of-care testing, to obtain these goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan B Storrow
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Emergency Department Multimarker Point-of-care Testing Reduces Time to Cardiac Marker Results Without Loss of Diagnostic Accuracy. POINT OF CARE 2006. [DOI: 10.1097/01.poc.0000232334.13428.7a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kost GJ, Tran NK. Point-of-Care Testing and Cardiac Biomarkers: The Standard of Care and Vision for Chest Pain Centers. Cardiol Clin 2005; 23:467-90, vi. [PMID: 16278118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccl.2005.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Point-of-care testing (POCT) is defined as testing at or near the site of patient care. POCTdecreases therapeutic turnaround time (TTAT), increases clinical efficiency, and improves medical and economic outcomes. TTAT represents the time from test ordering to patient treatment. POC technologies have become ubiquitous in the United States, and, therefore,so has the potential for speed, convenience, and satisfaction, strong advantages for physicians, nurses, and patients in chest pain centers. POCT is applied most beneficially through the collaborative teamwork of clinicians and laboratorians who use integrative strategies, performance maps, clinical algorithms, and care paths (critical pathways). For example, clinical investigators have shown that on-site integration of testing for cardiac injury markers (myoglobin, creatinine kinase myocardial band [CKMB],and cardiac troponin I [cTnI]) in accelerated diagnostic algorithms produces effective screening, less hospitalization, and substantial savings. Chest pain centers, which now total over 150 accredited in the United States, incorporate similar types of protocol-driven performance enhancements. This optimization allows chest pain centers to improve patient evaluation, treatment, survival, and discharge. This article focuses on cardiac biomarker POCT for chest pain centers and emergency medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald J Kost
- Point-of-Care Testing Center for Teaching and Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine,UCD Health System, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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The Use of a Quantitative Point-of-Care System Greatly Reduces the Turnaround Time of Cardiac Marker Determination. POINT OF CARE 2004. [DOI: 10.1097/00134384-200412000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tudos AJ, Besselink GJ, Schasfoort RB. Trends in miniaturized total analysis systems for point-of-care testing in clinical chemistry. LAB ON A CHIP 2001; 1:83-95. [PMID: 15100865 DOI: 10.1039/b106958f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A currently emerging approach enables more widespread monitoring of health parameters in disease prevention and biomarker monitoring. Miniaturisation provides the means for the production of small, fast and easy-to-operate devices for reduced-cost healthcare testing at the point-of-care (POC) or even for household use. A critical overview is given on the present state and requirements of POC testing, on microTAS elements suited for implementation in future microTAS devices for POC testing and microTAS systems for the determination of clinical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Tudos
- NIZO Food Research, Kernhemseweg 2, 6718 ZB Ede, The Netherlands
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