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Simental-Mendía LE, Sánchez-García A, Guerrero-Romero F. Association of the triglycerides and glucose index and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance with lipoprotein(a), apolipoprotein AI, and apolipoprotein B concentrations in children with normal-weight. Eur J Pediatr 2023:10.1007/s00431-023-04935-z. [PMID: 36933015 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-04935-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the association of the triglycerides and glucose (TyG) index and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) with lipoprotein(a) (lp[a]), apolipoprotein AI (apoAI), and apoliprotein B (apoB) concentrations in children with normal-weight. Children with normal weight aged 6-10 years and Tanner 1 stage were included in a cross-sectional study. Underweight, overweight, obesity, smoking, alcohol intake, pregnancy, acute or chronic illnesses, and any kind of pharmacological treatment were exclusion criteria. According to the lp(a) levels, children were allocated into the groups with elevated concentrations and normal values. A total of 181 children with normal weight and an average age of 8.4 ± 1.4 years were enrolled in the study. The TyG index showed a positive correlation with lp(a) and apoB in the overall population (r = 0.161 and r = 0.351, respectively) and boys (r = 0.320 and r = 0.401, respectively), but only with apoB in the girls (r = 0.294); while the HOMA-IR had a positive correlation with lp(a) levels in the overall population (r = 0.213) and boys (r = 0.328). The linear regression analysis showed that the TyG index is associated with lp(a) and apoB in the overall population (B = 20.72; 95%CI 2.03-39.41 and B = 27.25; 95%CI 16.51-37.98, respectively) and boys (B = 40.19; 95%CI 14.50-65.7 and B = 29.60; 95%CI 15.03-44.17, respectively), but only with apoB in the girls (B = 24.22; 95%CI 7.90-40.53). The HOMA-IR is associated with lp(a) in the overall population (B = 5.37; 95%CI 1.74-9.00) and boys (B = 9.63; 95%CI 3.65-15.61). Conclusion: The TyG index is associated with both lp(a) and apoB in children with normal-weight. What is Known: • The triglycerides and glucose index has been positively associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in adults. What is New: • The triglycerides and glucose index is strongly associated with lipoprotein(a) and apolipoprotein B in children with normal-weight. • The triglycerides and glucose index may be a useful tool to identify cardiovascular risk in children with normal-weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Simental-Mendía
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Delegación Durango, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Predio Canoas 100, Col. Los Angeles, 34077, Durango, Dgo., Mexico.
| | - Adriana Sánchez-García
- Endocrinology Division, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José E. González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, México
| | - Fernando Guerrero-Romero
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Delegación Durango, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Predio Canoas 100, Col. Los Angeles, 34077, Durango, Dgo., Mexico
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Chang HW, Lin FH, Li PF, Huang CL, Chu NF, Su SC, Lu CH, Lee CH, Hung YJ, Hsieh CH. Association Between a Glucokinase Regulator Genetic Variant and Metabolic Syndrome in Taiwanese Adolescents. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2016; 20:137-42. [PMID: 26799416 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2015.0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Variants of the glucokinase regulator (GCKR) gene are associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). The present study explored the association between a common variant of this gene and MetS and its related traits in Taiwanese adolescents. METHODS The frequency of MetS and its features were compared between subjects (n = 962; 468 male, 494 female) with different genotypes or alleles of the GCKR rs780094 single-nucleotide polymorphism. Logistic regression analysis was carried out to explore the interdependence of MetS and metabolic traits. RESULTS Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and MetS were more prevalent in subjects with the T compared to the C allele of rs780094 (p = 0.009 and 0.044, respectively). T-genotype carriers also exhibited a higher frequency of low HDL-C levels (p = 0.028) than noncarriers, although MetS frequency was similar between the two groups. After adjusting for confounding factors, the odds ratios for low HDL-C levels and MetS incidence in T-genotype carriers were 1.64 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07-2.53) and 2.79 (95% CI: 1.09-7.11), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The GCKR rs780094 polymorphism is associated with low HDL-C levels and MetS incidence in Taiwanese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Wen Chang
- 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center , Taipei, Taiwan .,2 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital , Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Huang Lin
- 3 School of Public Health, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Fei Li
- 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Luen Huang
- 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nain-Feng Chu
- 3 School of Public Health, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center , Taipei, Taiwan .,4 Taitung Hospital , DOH, Taitung City, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chiang Su
- 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Hua Lu
- 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsing Lee
- 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Hung
- 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hsun Hsieh
- 1 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center , Taipei, Taiwan
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Ford ES, Li C, Imperatore G, Cook S. Age, sex, and ethnic variations in serum insulin concentrations among U.S. youth: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002. Diabetes Care 2006; 29:2605-11. [PMID: 17130192 DOI: 10.2337/dc06-1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Distributions of serum concentrations of insulin among adolescents and young adults are poorly understood in the U.S. The objective of this study was to describe the distribution of serum insulin across demographic characteristics of U.S. adolescents and young adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 1,791 male and female subjects aged 12-19 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys for 1999-2002 were included in the analyses. RESULTS Among male participants, serum concentrations of insulin increased from age 12 to 14 years before decreasing. Among female participants, concentrations were highest at age 13 years before decreasing steadily through age 19 years. Among participants aged 12-17 years but not those aged 18-19 years, females had higher mean log-transformed concentrations than males (P, Wald, F = 0.038 and 0.125, respectively) after adjusting for age and ethnicity. After adjusting for age and BMI percentile, mean log-transformed concentrations were higher in African-American females aged 12-17 years than in white or Mexican-American participants. No significant ethnic differences were found among female participants aged 18-19 years or male participants aged 12-19 years. Concentrations of insulin increased strongly with increasing levels of BMI. CONCLUSIONS These results provide detailed information about serum concentrations of insulin in a representative sample of U.S. adolescents and young adults and may be useful to monitor future trends of this risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Earl S Ford
- Division of Adult and Community Health, Centers for Disease Control Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy., MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
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Garcés C, Cano B, Granizo JJ, Benavente M, Viturro E, Gutiérrez-Guisado J, de Oya I, Lasunción MA, de Oya M. Insulin and HOMA in Spanish prepubertal children: relationship with lipid profile. Clin Biochem 2006; 38:920-4. [PMID: 16081057 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2005.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2005] [Revised: 06/29/2005] [Accepted: 07/06/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effects of insulin or insulin resistance on the lipid profile seem to change with age. The aim of this study was to analyze insulin levels and an insulin resistance index and to investigate the relationship between these and the lipid profile in a population-based sample of Spanish prepubertal children. METHODS 1048 (524 boys and 524 girls) randomly selected prepubertal children were studied. Children were 6 to 8 years old with a mean age of 6.7. Plasma lipid, FFA and insulin levels were measured. The homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) was calculated as an indicator of insulin resistance. RESULTS When analyzing percentile values of insulin, HOMA and FFA by sex, we observed that girls had significantly higher insulin concentrations than boys (except at the 10th percentile) and significantly higher FFA (except at the 90th percentile) with no significant differences between sexes for HOMA. Multivariate regression analyses showed that insulin was positively associated with glucose, triglycerides and apoB in boys but not in girls, and negatively associated with FFA in both genders. CONCLUSIONS We report here data about the distribution of insulin in the Spanish prepubertal population. The higher levels of insulin in prepubertal girls could indicate that girls start to be more insulin resistant than boys at this age, although other manifestations of insulin resistance are not yet detectable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Garcés
- Unidad de Lípidos, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Sung KC, Hwang ST. Association between insulin resistance and apolipoprotein B in normoglycemic Koreans. Atherosclerosis 2005; 180:161-9. [PMID: 15823289 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2004] [Revised: 10/12/2004] [Accepted: 11/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance (IR) is associated with a significant increase in the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). The serum apolipoprotein B and Apo A1/Apo B ratio are important markers of CAD. The aim of this study was to assess the association of the serum Apo B and Apo A1/Apo B ratio, with insulin resistance in apparently healthy normoglycemic Koreans. METHODS From the individuals that participated in medical screening at the health promotion center of Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, between January and December 2002, a total of 7427 participants (4356 men, 3071 women) were enrolled in this study. All participants had no personal histories of diabetes, with normal fasting glucose levels. The clinical characteristics and biochemical parameters of the subjects were assessed. RESULTS The Apo B, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C)/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol showed positive correlations with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance (p<0.001). The Apo A1, Apo A1/Apo B, LDL/Apo B and HDL/Apo A1 showed negative correlations with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance (p<0.001). CONCLUSION These data suggest that insulin resistance may be associated with the serum Apo B and Apo A1/Apo B ratio in non-diabetic, normoglycemic subjects. Thus, further study may be needed to determine whether medical intervention is inevitable or not in these type of subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Chul Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Pyung Dong, Jongro-Ku, Seoul 110 746, Republic of Korea.
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