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Sulfikarali T, Behera G, Ajay J, Mori S, Kakarlamudi AC, Vennapusa SR, Gokulnath S. Disruption of Antiaromaticity in Structurally Related Expanded Porphyrin-like Macrocycles with Benzene Linkers. Org Lett 2021; 24:245-249. [PMID: 34928164 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
1,4-Phenylene-linked cyclotrimer (3T) and cyclotetramer (4T) have been synthesized via Lewis acid-catalyzed self-condensation of appropriate precursors. Structural and Density Functional Theory (DFT) studies reveal the disruption of annulenic conjugation in both 3T and 4T by linking phenylene rings prevented them from global antiaromaticity. The single crystal X-ray structure of 4T reveals all the nitrogens are pointing toward the macrocyclic core with near-planar and square-shaped geometry, thus in sharp contrast to the ring-strained conformation of 3T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thondikkal Sulfikarali
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 016, India
| | - Govind Behera
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 016, India
| | - Jayaprakash Ajay
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 016, India
| | - Shigeki Mori
- Division of Material Science, Advanced Research Support Center, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | | | | | - Sabapathi Gokulnath
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 016, India
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2
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Mafukidze DM, Nyokong T. Photocatalytic and solar radiation harvesting potential of a free-base porphyrin-zinc (II) phthalocyanine heterodyad functionalized polystyrene polymer membrane for the degradation of 4-chlorophenol. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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3
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Structure, Properties, and Reactivity of Porphyrins on Surfaces and Nanostructures with Periodic DFT Calculations. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10030740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrins are fascinating molecules with applications spanning various scientific fields. In this review we present the use of periodic density functional theory (PDFT) calculations to study the structure, electronic properties, and reactivity of porphyrins on ordered two dimensional surfaces and in the formation of nanostructures. The focus of the review is to describe the application of PDFT calculations for bridging the gaps in experimental studies on porphyrin nanostructures and self-assembly on 2D surfaces. A survey of different DFT functionals used to study the porphyrin-based system as well as their advantages and disadvantages in studying these systems is presented.
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Ağırtaş MS, Cabir B, Özdemir S, Okumus V, Arslantas A. Synthesis, Aggregation, Antioxidant and DNA-Binding Properties of Metallophthalocyanines Bearing 5-Tert-butyl-2-hydroxyphenoxy Groups. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Salih Ağırtaş
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Van Yüzüncü Yıl University; 65080 Van Turkey
| | - Beyza Cabir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Van Yüzüncü Yıl University; 65080 Van Turkey
| | - Sadin Özdemir
- Food Processing Programme, Technical Science Vocational School; Mersin University, TR-; 33343 Yenisehir, Mersin Turkey
| | - Veysi Okumus
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science; Siirt University; 56100 Siirt Turkey
| | - Ali Arslantas
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Engineering; Karabuk University; 78050 Karabuk Turkey
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Yamada Y, Kato T, Tanaka K. Assembly of Multi-Phthalocyanines on a Porphyrin Template by Fourfold Rotaxane Formation. Chemistry 2016; 22:12371-80. [PMID: 27417388 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A stacked assembly composed of a porphyrin and two phthalocyanines was prepared through fourfold rotaxane formation. Two phthalocyanine molecules, bearing four 24-crown-8 units, were assembled onto a porphyrin template incorporating four sidechains with two dialkylammonium ions each through pseudorotaxane formation between crown ether units and ammonium ions. The Staudinger phosphite reaction, as the stoppering reaction, resulted in the formation of the stacked heterotrimer composed of a porphyrin and two phthalocyanines connected through a fourfold rotaxane structure. UV/Vis spectroscopic and electrochemical studies of the heterotrimer indicated that there is a significant electronic interaction between the two phthalocyanine units due to the close stacking. The electrochemical oxidation process of the stacked heterotrimer was studied by cyclic voltammetry and spectroelectrochemistry. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy of a dinuclear Cu(II) complex, in which two Cu(II) phthalocyanines were assembled on a metal-free porphyrin template, revealed that two Cu(II) phthalocyanines were located within the stacking distance, which resulted in an antiferromagnetic interaction between the two S=1/2 spins in the ground state of the Cu(2+) ions in the heterotrimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Naogya, 464-8602, Japan.,Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Naogya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Tatsuhisa Kato
- Department of Interdisciplinary Environment, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshidanihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Naogya, 464-8602, Japan.
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Sen P, Yildiz SZ, Erdoğmuş A, Dege N, Atalay Y. Aldehyde Substituted Phthalocyanines: Synthesis, Characterization and Investigation of Photophysical and Photochemical Properties. J Fluoresc 2016; 26:1521-34. [PMID: 27294562 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-016-1852-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The new free and nickel phthalocyanine derivatives, tetrakis [(2-formylphenoxy)-phthalocyanine (4), tetrakis [(2-formylphenoxy)-phthalocyaninato]nickel(II) (5) have been synthesized via de-protection of tetra acetal-substituted phthalocyanines in acetic acid/FeCl3 system. The starting phthalocyanines, tetrakis [(2-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)phenoxy)-phthalocyanine (2) and tetrakis [(2-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)phenoxy)-phthalocyaninato]nickel (3), were prepared by the tetramerization of 4-(2-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl) phenoxy) phthalonitrile (1). The new compounds have been characterized by the combination of FT-IR, (1)H NMR, UV-Vis, Mass spectra and elemental analysis. Compound 1 crystallizes in the Orthorhombic, space group Pbca with a = 9.2542 (4) Å, b = 13.3299 (5) Å, c = 23.2333 (11) Å, and Z = 8. Compound 1 is built up from two planar groups (phthalonitrile and phenoxy), with a dihedral angle of 69.693(36)° between them and non-planar dioxolane group. We report a combined experimental and theoretical study on molecule 1, as well. Geometric, spectroscopic and electronic properties of compound 1 has been calculated using B3LYP method and 6-311++G(dp) basis set. Fluorescence spectroscopy was applied to record the photoluminescence spectra of the prepared phthalocyanines and the photophysical and photochemical properties were examined in DMSO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Sen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Sakarya University, 54187, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - S Zeki Yildiz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Sakarya University, 54187, Sakarya, Turkey.
| | - Ali Erdoğmuş
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, 34210 Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Necmi Dege
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Atalay
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Sakarya University, 54187, Serdivan, Sakarya, Turkey
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de Melo CC, Moreira WDC, Martins TJ, Cordeiro MR, Ellena J, Guimarães FF, Martins FT. Saddle-shaped macrocycle distortion and symmetry decrease in cobalt (II) meso-tetraphenylporphyrin: Structure of a dichloromethane solvate and DFT calculations. J Mol Struct 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Aktaş A, Bıyıklıoğlu Z. Synthesis and electrochemistry of non-aggregated silicon phthalocyanines bearing unsaturated functional groups. J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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9
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Wang W, Bao G, Mao Y, Lu F. Infrared spectroscopic characteristics of mixed rare earth triple-decker complexes with phthalocyaninato and 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-10,15,20-tris(4-octyloxy)porphyrinato ligands. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 104:165-170. [PMID: 23266690 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The infrared (IR) spectroscopic data for a series of nine mixed rare earth triple-deckers M(2)(III)[TO(OH)PP](Pc)(2)] [M=La···Dy, except Pm, Y and Ho⋯Lu; H(2)Por=5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-10,15,20-tris(4-octyloxyphenyl)porphyrin, Pc=unsubstituted phthalocyanine] with tervalent rare earths have been collected. For M(2)(III)[TO(OH)PP](Pc)(2)], typical IR marker bands for the unsubstituted phthalocyanine dianion Pc(2-) are strong bands at 1327-1329 cm(-1), and a weak band around 1370-1383 cm(-1). They can be assigned to pyrrole CC stretchings. The absence of Pc(2-) another marker IR band around 1376 cm(-1) demonstrates that the cerium metal ion in the IR spectrum of Ce(2)(III)[TO(OH)PP](Pc)(2)] exists as intermediate valence state between III and IV. The IR spectra of these mixed triple-decker complexes reveal that the frequencies of pyrrole stretching, isoindole breathing, and aza stretchings are decreased sensitive to the rare earth ionic size, and remain basically unchanged along with the lanthanide contraction. These facts indicate that the π-π interactions in these mixed triple-deckers are weaker than those in the double-deckers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
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de la Torre G, Bottari G, Sekita M, Hausmann A, Guldi DM, Torres T. A voyage into the synthesis and photophysics of homo- and heterobinuclear ensembles of phthalocyanines and porphyrins. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:8049-105. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60140d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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11
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Tasso TT, Moreira WC. Heteroarray of cobalt(II)tetrasulfophthalocyanine and cobalt(II) tetrakis(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin: synthesis, isolation and electronic properties. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424612004586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrin and phthalocyanine macrocycles with ionic substituents can form mixed assemblies with interesting electronic properties for potential application on the development of new devices. This paper reports the synthesis, isolation and purification of heteroaggregate formed by cobalt(II) 4,4′,4″,4‴-tetrasulfophthalocyanine (CoTsPc) and cobalt(II) tetrakis(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin (CoTMPyP), followed by its spectroscopic characterization. Spectroscopic titration, performed with a CoTsPc water/acetone solution, allowed the use of Job's method for determination of the heteroaggregates stoichiometry. The Job's plot revealed the formation of only one predominant heterocomplex in solution, containing two CoTsPc molecules in terminal positions and a central CoTMPyP one. For the first time, a method for isolation and purification of a mixed ionic array has been reported in the literature. The triad's electronic spectrum is quite different from the sum of the macrocycles isolated spectra, due to the overlap of their electronic densities and a charge transfer process between CoTsPc and CoTMPyP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago T. Tasso
- Chemistry Department, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos SP, Brazil
| | - Wania C. Moreira
- Chemistry Department, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos SP, Brazil
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12
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Birin KP, Gorbunova YG, Yu. Tsivadze A. Novel one-pot regioselective route towards heteroleptic lanthanide (phthalocyaninato)(porphyrinato) triple-decker complexes. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424609000358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel one-pot method for the regioselective preparation of early heteroleptic lanthanide (porphyrinato)(phthalocyaninato) complexes of double- and triple-decker structure [(Por) Ln ( Pc ) and (Por) Ln ( Pc ) Ln (Por), respectively] is developed. Sandwich-type complexes are synthesized for La, Ce and Pr following this procedure, with yields up to 30%. Tetrakis(15-crown-5)-phthalocyanine [(15C5)4 PcH 2] and tetrakis-meso-(4-methoxyphenyl)-porphyrin ( An 4 PH 2) are used as macrocyclic tetrapyrrolic ligands. The complexes are widely characterized with various physico-chemical methods (NMR and UV-vis spectroscopy, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry). Quantum chemistry calculations for intermediates of the process are performed. The results of calculations explain the high regioselectivity of the triple-decker complex formation in the developed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill P. Birin
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences., Leninsky prosp. 31, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia G. Gorbunova
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences., Leninsky prosp. 31, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aslan Yu. Tsivadze
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences., Leninsky prosp. 31, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Chen J, Lever ABP. Surface electrochemistry and electrocatalytic activity of ion pairs formed from oppositely-charged phthalocyanine and porphyrin species. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424607000199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembled ion pairs are deposited onto a graphite electrode surface by dipping the electrode sequentially into phthalocyanine cations and anions, or a phthalocyanine cation and porphyrin anion. The electrochemical properties of these surface-bound ion pairs are compared with the properties of the individual surface-bound components. The order of deposition is shown to be crucial, implying that these species lie flat on the surface. A detailed study of the electrocatalytic oxidation of oxalate anion is used to explore their reactivity as a function of deposition order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsheng Chen
- Chemistry Department, York University, Toronto ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - A. B. P. Lever
- Chemistry Department, York University, Toronto ON M3J 1P3, Canada
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Subbaiyan NK, D'Souza F. Light-to-electron converting panchromatic supramolecular solar cells of phthalocyanine–porphyrin heterodimers adsorbed onto nanocrystalline SnO2 electrodes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:3641-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc30614j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Birin KP, Gorbunova YG, Tsivadze AY. Selective one-step synthesis of triple-decker (porphyrinato)(phthalocyaninato) early lanthanides: the balance of concurrent processes. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:11539-49. [PMID: 21952519 DOI: 10.1039/c1dt11141h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An effective one-step approach for the preparation of (porphyrinato)(phthalocyaninato) early lanthanides of type [Br(4)TPP]Ln[(15C5)(4)Pc]Ln[Br(4)TPP], where Br(4)TPP = 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(4-bromophenyl)-porphyrinato-ligand, (15C5)(4)Pc = tetrakis-(15-crown-5)-phthalocyaninato-ligand and Ln = La, Pr, Nd or Eu, is developed. The influence of various factors on the reaction pathway and yields of the complexes is investigated in detail. The developed protocol is found to be general for the early lanthanide subgroup. Variation of the synthetic conditions allowed the determination and isolation of possible side-products, namely heteroleptic double-deckers [Br(4)TPP]Ln[(15C5)(4)Pc] (Ln = Nd, Eu) and triple-decker [Br(4)TPP]Nd[(15C5)(4)Pc]Nd[(15C5)(4)Pc]. The peculiarities of the NMR lanthanide-induced shifts (LIS) of resonances of the synthesized triple-decker complexes are precisely investigated. The isostructurality of the synthesized complexes within the series as well as isostructurality with previously synthesized compounds is demonstrated in terms of two-nuclei analysis of LIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill P Birin
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry RAS, Leninsky pr., 31, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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16
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Wang B, Ma H. Synthesis and Characterization of Water‐Soluble Cu(II) Phthalocyanine Complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1081/sim-120037523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Wang
- a College of Chemistry and Materials Science , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'An, 710062, P.R. China
| | - H.‐Zh. Ma
- a College of Chemistry and Materials Science , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'An, 710062, P.R. China
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Birin KP, Gorbunova YG, Tsivadze AY. NMR-based analysis of structure of heteroleptic triple-decker (phthalocyaninato) (porphyrinato) lanthanides in solutions. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2010; 48:505-515. [PMID: 20535778 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach for the structural analysis of heteroleptic triple-decker (porphyrinato)(phthalocyaninato) lanthanides(III) in solutions is developed. The developed approach consists in molecular mechanics (MM+) optimization of the geometry of the complex taking into account the lanthanide-induced shift (LIS) datasets. LISs of the resonance peaks in (1)H NMR spectra of a series of symmetric complexes [An(4)P]Ln[(15C5)(4)Pc]Ln[An(4)P], where An(4)P(2-) is 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-methoxyphenyl)porphyrinato-dianion, [(15C5)(4)Pc](2-) is 2,3,9,10,16,17,24,25-tetrakis(15-crown-5)phthalocyaninato-dianion and Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, are analyzed. Analysis of LISs showed two sets of protons in the molecule with opposite signs of shift. Two-nuclei analysis of LISs testifies isostructurality of the whole series of investigated complexes in solution despite contraction of the lanthanide ions. Model-free separation of contact and dipolar contributions of LISs was performed with one-nucleus technique and did not show changes in contact and dipolar terms within the investigated series. MM+ optimization of the molecular structure allowed the interpretation of features of LIS for each particular group of protons. Parameterization of MM + -optimized model of molecule with values of structure-dependent dipolar contributions of LIS allows the development of the precise structural model of the triple-decker complex in solution. This approach allows the determination of the geometry and structure of the sandwich macrocyclic tetrapyrrolic complexes together with conformational analysis of flexible peripheral substituents in solutions. The developed method can be applied with minor modifications for the determination of structural parameters of other types of lanthanides(III) complexes with tetrapyrrolic ligands and also supramolecular systems based on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill P Birin
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 31, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Phthalocyanine-Containing Supramolecular Arrays. FUNCTIONAL PHTHALOCYANINE MOLECULAR MATERIALS 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-04752-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Yin B, Jiang C. A Novel Tetra(tetrathiafulvalene-Thiacrown Ether)-Substituted Porphyrazine: Synthesis, Electrochemical, and Control Aggregation in Solution by Complexation of Transition-Metal Ions. HETEROCYCLES 2010. [DOI: 10.3987/com-09-11876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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D’Souza F, Maligaspe E, Ohkubo K, Zandler ME, Subbaiyan NK, Fukuzumi S. Photosynthetic Reaction Center Mimicry: Low Reorganization Energy Driven Charge Stabilization in Self-Assembled Cofacial Zinc Phthalocyanine Dimer−Fullerene Conjugate. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:8787-97. [DOI: 10.1021/ja903467w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francis D’Souza
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, Kansas 67260-0051, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORT, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eranda Maligaspe
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, Kansas 67260-0051, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORT, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kei Ohkubo
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, Kansas 67260-0051, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORT, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Melvin E. Zandler
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, Kansas 67260-0051, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORT, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Navaneetha K. Subbaiyan
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, Kansas 67260-0051, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORT, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, Kansas 67260-0051, and Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, SORT, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Chidawanyika W, Nyokong T. Spectroscopic and photophysicochemical behaviour of novel cadmium phthalocyanine derivatives tetra-substituted at the alpha and beta positions. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2008.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Supramolecular assemblies of a new class of nonplanar cationic metalloporphyrins and anionic metallophthalocyanines. Inorganica Chim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2007.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Spectroscopic, electrocatalytic, and photoelectrochemical characteristics of mixed-ligand bis(β-dicarbonylato) phthalocyanine complexes of zirconium(IV) and hafnium(IV). THEOR EXP CHEM+ 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11237-008-9019-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Morisue M, Kobuke Y. Tandem Cofacial Stacks of Porphyrin–Phthalocyanine Dyads through Complementary Coordination. Chemistry 2008; 14:4993-5000. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200701953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kahnt A, Guldi DM, de la Escosura A, Martínez-Díaz MV, Torres T. [2.2]Paracyclophane: a pseudoconjugated spacer for long-lived electron transfer in phthalocyanine–C60dyads. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b712751k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Leng X, Ng DKP. Axial Coordination of Porphyrinatocobalt(II) Complexes with Bis(pyridinolato)silicon(IV) Phthalocyanines. Eur J Inorg Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200700451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Martynov AG, Zubareva OV, Gorbunova YG, Sakharov SG, Nefedov SE, Dolgushin FM, Tsivadze AY. Diphthalocyaninatolanthanum as a New Phthalocyaninato-Dianion Donor for the Synthesis of Heteroleptic Triple-Decker Rare Earth Element Crown-Phthalocyaninato Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200700489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tannert S, Ermilov EA, Vogel JO, Choi MTM, Ng DKP, Röder B. The Influence of Solvent Polarity and Metalation on Energy and Electron Transfer in Porphyrin−Phthalocyanine Heterotrimers. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:8053-62. [PMID: 17583942 DOI: 10.1021/jp0724222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Heteroporphyrin and -phthalocyanine arrays represent an attractive class of light harvesters and charge-separation systems exhibiting an easy route of synthesis and high chemical stability. In the present work, we report the results of photophysical investigations of two novel non-sandwich-type porphyrin-phthalocyanine heterotriads, in which two meso-tetraphenylporphyrin rings (H2TPP or ZnTPP) are linked to the central silicon atom of a silicon(IV) phthalocyanine core. It was found that the photophysical properties of the triads (H2Tr and ZnTr) in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and toluene are strongly affected by two different types of interaction between the porphyrin (P) and the phthalocyanine (Pc) parts, namely excitation energy transfer (EET) and photoinduced charge transfer. The first process results in appearance of the Pc fluorescence when the P-part is initially excited, and plays a dominant role in fast depopulation of the first excited singlet state of the P moiety. If the first excited singlet state of the Pc-part is populated (either directly or via EET), it undergoes fast depopulation by hole transfer (HT) to the charge-separated (CS) state. In polar DMF, the CS state is the lowest excited state, and the charge recombination occurs directly to the ground state. Using transient absorption spectroscopy, the lifetime of the CS state was estimated to be 30 and 20 ps for H2Tr and ZnTr, respectively. In nonpolar toluene, the energy gap between the first excited singlet state of the Pc-part and the CS state is very small, and back HT occurs in both triads, resulting in appearance of "delayed fluorescence" of the Pc-part with a decay time similar to the lifetime of the CS state (190 and 280 ps for H2Tr and ZnTr, respectively). Since the energy of the CS state of ZnTr in toluene is lower than that of H2Tr, the probability of back HT for ZnTr is lower. This was clearly proved by decay-associated fluorescence spectral measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Tannert
- Institut für Physik, Photobiophysik, Humboldt Universität Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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Tau P, Nyokong T. Spectroscopic characterisation and interactions of sulfonated titanium and tantalum phthalocyanines with methyl viologen. Inorganica Chim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2006.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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31
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Satake A, Kobuke Y. Artificial photosynthetic systems: assemblies of slipped cofacial porphyrins and phthalocyanines showing strong electronic coupling. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:1679-91. [PMID: 17520134 DOI: 10.1039/b703405a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews selected types of structurally well defined assemblies of porphyrins and phthalocyanines with strong electronic coupling. Face-to-face, head-to-tail, slipped cofacial, and non-parallel dimeric motifs constructed by covalent and non-covalent bonds are compared in the earlier sections. Their molecular orientation, electronic overlap, and absorption and fluorescence properties are discussed with a view towards the development of artificial photosynthetic systems and molecular electronics. Complementary coordination dimers are fully satisfactory in terms of structural stability, orientation factor, pi-electronic overlap, and zero fluorescence quenching. In later sections, several polymeric and macrocyclic porphyrin assemblies constructed by a combination of covalent bonds and complementary coordination bonds are discussed from the viewpoint of light-harvesting antenna functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiharu Satake
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
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Ito F, Ishibashi Y, Khan SR, Miyasaka H, Kameyama K, Morisue M, Satake A, Ogawa K, Kobuke Y. Photoinduced Electron Transfer and Excitation Energy Transfer in Directly Linked Zinc Porphyrin/Zinc Phthalocyanine Composite. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:12734-42. [PMID: 17125286 DOI: 10.1021/jp062822+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photoinduced electron transfer (ET) and excitation energy transfer (ENT) reactions in monomer and slipped-cofacial dimer systems of a directly linked Zn porphyrin (Por)-Zn phthalocyanine (Pc) heterodyad, ZnPc-ZnPor, were investigated by means of the picosecond and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopies. In the dimer dyad system of two heterodyads connected through the coordination bond between two imidazolyl-substituted ZnPor bearing ZnPc, ZnPc-ZnPor(D), the rapid ENT from the ZnPor to ZnPc in the subpicosecond time region was followed by photoinduced charge separation (CS) and charge recombination (CR) with time constants of 47 and 510 ps, respectively. On the other hand in the monomer dyad system, no clear charge-separated state was observed although the CS with a time constant of 200 ps and CR with < or =70 ps were estimated. These results indicated that the dimer slipped-cofacial arrangement of pair porphyrins is advantageous for the effective production of the CS state. This advantage was discussed from the viewpoint of a decrease in the reorganization energy of the dimer relative to that of the monomer system. In addition, the electrochemical measurements indicated that the strong interaction between ZnPc and ZnPor moieties also contributed to the fast CS process despite the marginal driving force for the CS process. The dimer dyad of ZnPc-ZnPor provides full advantages in efficiencies of the light harvesting and the CS state production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyuki Ito
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
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34
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Physicochemical properties of novel mixed-ligand complexes of zirconium and hafnium bis(4-benzoyl-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-onato)phthalocyaninates. THEOR EXP CHEM+ 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11237-006-0034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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35
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Eugster N, Sreenivasan KP, Su B, Girault HH. 2-Dimensional porphyrin self-assemblies at molecular interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2006; 22:1112-20. [PMID: 16430273 DOI: 10.1021/la052642b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The heterodimer formed by electrostatic association of zinc(II) meso-tetrakis(N-methylpyridyl)porphyrin (ZnTMPyP) and zinc(II) meso-tetrakis(p-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (ZnTPPS) exhibits a strong affinity for the interface between water and 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE). Surface tension measurements using the quasi-elastic light scattering (QELS) technique reveal that the heterodimer adsorption can be described in terms of a Langmuir isotherm with standard Gibbs energy of adsorption of -45.5 kJ mol(-1). The orientation of the heterodimer transition dipole moment, as estimated from light polarization modulated reflectance (LPMR), shows a marked dependence on the bulk concentration of heterodimer. On the other hand, changes in the Galvani potential difference between the two phases have little effect on the heterodimer organization at the water/1,2-dichloroethane interface when the surface coverage is close to maximum. This behavior suggests that the ZnTPPS-ZnTMPyP heterodimer forms an adsorbed layer of aggregated molecules which affects the physical properties of the interface. Indeed, capacitance and surface tension measurements reveal that the dielectric properties of the water/DCE interface are significantly altered in the presence of heterodimer species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Eugster
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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36
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Tau P, Nyokong T. Synthesis, electrochemical and photophysical properties of phthalocyaninato oxotitanium(iv) complexes tetra-substituted at the ? and ? positions with arylthio groups. Dalton Trans 2006:4482-90. [PMID: 16981023 DOI: 10.1039/b607538j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, electrochemical and photophysical properties of the following tetra-substituted thiol oxotitanium phthalocyanines are reported for the first time: 1,(4)-(tetraphenylthiophthalocyaninato)titanium(IV)oxide (); 1,(4)-(tetrabenzylthiophthalocyaninato)titanium(IV)oxide (); 2,(3)-(tetraphenylthiophthalocyaninato)titanium(IV)oxide () and 2,(3)-(benzylthiophthalocyaninato)titanium(IV)oxide (). Cyclic voltammograms of all four complexes are similar, with three reversible reduction couples each involving a one electron transfer process. The first two reductions were confirmed by spectroelectrochemistry to be metal-based reductions due to TiIVPc-2/TiIIIPc-2 and TiIIIPc-2/TiIIPc-2 redox processes, while the last reduction was confirmed to be a ring-based reduction due to TiIIPc-2/TiIIPc-3. Low fluorescence quantum yields (0.05-0.14), relatively long triplet lifetimes (150-210 micros) and triplet yields (0.31 to 0.82) were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prudence Tau
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, South Africa
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Togashi DM, Romão RIS, Gonçalves da Silva AM, Sobral AJFN, Costa SMB. Self-organization of a sulfonamido-porphyrin in Langmuir monolayers and Langmuir-Blodgett films. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2005; 7:3874-83. [PMID: 16358039 DOI: 10.1039/b506442b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Langmuir monolayers (LM) and Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of pure lipophilic meso-tetra(4-dodecylaminosulfophenyl)porphyrin (PC12) and mixed with the anionic surfactant sodium hexadecylsulfate (SHS) were studied. The molecular packing and structure of PC12 and PC12-4SHS with variable surface pressure were investigated by surface pressure-area measurements, steady-state absorption, fluorescence emission and anisotropy, as well as by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). At low surface pressure, the porphyrin molecules are organized with the rings tilted on the water surface whereas at high surface pressure the porphyrin rings achieve a more perpendicular arrangement. Using the FLIM images a gradual change of aggregates into large "islands" is observed. Different patterns are observed in the pure PC12 multilayer films (n = 3 and 5) with ordered patches superimposed which are not observed in the PC12-4SHS multilayer LB films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisio M Togashi
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Abstract
The triple-decker cations trans-[(Cp*Sn)(2)(mu-eta(5):eta(5)-Cp*)](+) and trans-[(Cp*Pb)(2)(mu-eta(5):eta(5)-Cp*)](+) have been prepared and structurally characterized as their [B(C(6)F(5))(4)](-) salts from the reactions of [Cp*M][B(C(6)F(5))(4)](M = Sn, Pb) with the appropriate decamethylmetallocene. Both triple-decker cations adopt a cisoid arrangement of terminal Cp* groups, whereas the two known triple-decker main-group anions possess a transoid arrangement of terminal Cp groups. The reason for this conformational difference has been probed on the basis of DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie N Jones
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Togashi DM, Costa SMB, Sobral AJFN, A. M. d'A. R. Gonsalves. Self-Aggregation of Lipophilic Porphyrins in Reverse Micelles of Aerosol OT. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp037901p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denisio M. Togashi
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal, and Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, P-3000 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sílvia M. B. Costa
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal, and Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, P-3000 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Abílio J. F. N. Sobral
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal, and Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, P-3000 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A. M. d'A. R. Gonsalves
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal, and Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, P-3000 Coimbra, Portugal
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Laia CAT, Costa SMB, Phillips D, Parker AW. Spectroscopy of photoinduced charge-transfer reactions between tetrasulfonated aluminium phthalocyanine and methyl viologen. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2003; 2:555-62. [PMID: 12803078 DOI: 10.1039/b301036h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between tetrasulfonated aluminium phthalocyanine (AlPcTS4-) and methyl viologen (Mv2+) have been studied in water and ethanol solutions using several experimental techniques. UV-visible absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies show that ion-pair complexes occur in ethanol, disappearing in more polar environments such as water. Time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy (picosecond timescale) reveals the existence of several emissive species in ethanol solutions, of which one of the components is attributed to the charge-transfer complex (AlPcTS4-)(Mv2+)2, another to higher-order aggregates and yet another to the isolated AlPcTS4- molecule. The AlPcTS4- emission is quenched by Mv2+, leading to transient diffusion in the fluorescence decay kinetics. On the other hand, the emissive complex has an exponential decay with a relatively long lifetime (above 1 ns). Time-resolved absorption measurements did not reveal the existence of radicals in aqueous solution, even on the picosecond timescale. The spectra reveal the presence of excited singlet state AlPcTS4-, which decays via the triplet excited state back to the ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- César A T Laia
- Centro de Química-Estrutural, Complexo 1, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
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42
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Tsukube H, Shinoda S. Lanthanide complexes in molecular recognition and chirality sensing of biological substrates. Chem Rev 2002; 102:2389-403. [PMID: 12059273 DOI: 10.1021/cr010450p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 470] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tsukube
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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43
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Prayer C, Tran-Thi TH, Pommeret S, d'Oliveira P, Meynadier P. Light- and pH-driven electron transfer in the pyranine–methylviologen system. Chem Phys Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(00)00542-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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44
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Spectral study of the supramolecular assemblies porphyrins–phthalocyanines. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0928-4931(99)00125-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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45
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Nikolaitchik AV, Korth O, Rodgers MAJ. Crown Ether Substituted Monomeric and Cofacial Dimeric Metallophthalocyanines. 1. Photophysical Studies of the Free Base, Zinc(II), and Copper(II) Variants. J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9911651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. V. Nikolaitchik
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403
| | - O. Korth
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403
| | - M. A. J. Rodgers
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403
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46
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Ng ACH, Li XY, Ng DKP. Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Nonaggregated Phthalocyanines Bearing Dendritic Substituents. Macromolecules 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ma990367s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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47
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Ruf M, Lawrence AM, Noll BC, Pierpont CG. Silicon and Zinc Coordination to Peripheral Catechol Sites of (2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-Octahydroxyphthalocyaninato)nickel(II). Phthalocyanine Coordination Chemistry at the Edge. Inorg Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ic980036g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ruf
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - Andrew M. Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - Bruce C. Noll
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - Cortlandt G. Pierpont
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309
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